实验4 三层交换与DHCP 中继(H3C )
4.1. 组网概况
4.1.1. 拓扑图 4.1.2. 实验目标
(1)
实现企业分支局域网二层广播域
VLAN
隔离和三层全网全连通。
(2)
实现企业分支局域网的
PC
使用
DHCP
自动获取
IP 地址、
DNS
。
(3)
掌握二层网络(
VLAN
、Trunk
)、二层交换机网管、
int vlan
的配置及服务器对接。
(4)
分析
PC1 ping Server
(
RT5
)的三层通信过程和二层通信过程。
(5)
分析PC1 ping SW3
网管地址的三层通信过程和二层通信过程。
4.2.
实验调测
4.2.1.
基本信息配置
请遵守《基本信息及密码标准配置》
,
本实验严禁设置密码!本实验不允许保存配置!
(1)
实验设备《基本信息及密码标准配置》
Vlan 10 Vlan 11Vlan 10Vlan 11
PC1 PC3PC4
PC1: LabPC(第1台) Win2003虚拟机 IP:192.168.10.100/24 网关: 192.168.10.1 PC2: LabPC(第 WinXP IP: DHCP 网关: DHCP PC3: LabPC(第 Win2003IP: DHCP 网关: DHCP PC4: LabPC(第 WinXP IP:192.168.11.100/24 网关: 192.168.11.1 虚拟机: Win2003虚拟机系统网卡使用VMnet2桥接LabPC 主系统的“跳线网卡”
蓝狐高级网络工程师系列教材——网络工程实验指南(第一卷)
[H3C] sysname R
[R] user-interface console 0
[R-ui-console0] authentication-mode none // 配置Console口登录不认证
[R-ui-console0] user privilege level 3 // 配置Console口登录最高特权
[R-ui-console0] quit
[R] user-interface aux 0
[R-ui-aux0] authentication-mode none // 配置AUX口登录不认证
配置AUX口登录最高特权[R-ui-aux0] user privilege level 3 //
[R-ui-aux0] quit
a ble //
启动Telnet
server
[R] telnet
en
[R] user-interface vty 0 4
[R-ui-vty0-4] authentication-mode none // 配置Telnet登录不认证
[R-ui-vty0-4] user privilege level 3 // 配置Telnet登录最高特权
[R-ui-vty0-4] quit
(2) 清除上组实验遗留配置。
The saved configuration file will be erased. Are you sure? [Y/N]:y
Please wait ...........
Configuration file is cleared
This command will reboot the device. Current configuration may be lost
in next startup if you continue. Continue? [Y/N]: y
(3) SW1的基本信息配置
(4) SW3的基本信息配置
(5) SW4的基本信息配置
(6) RT5(模拟Server)的基本信息配置
4.2.2. 二层网络调测
(1) SW1的Vlan配置(本步任务:配置SW1的Vlan。)
[SW1] vlan 8 to 20 // 批创建Vlan 8 — 20
Please wait... Done.
[SW1] vlan 12
[SW1-vlan12] port Ethernet1/0/12 to Ethernet1/0/20
// 将接口加入到vlan (access接口)[SW1-vlan12] quit
[SW1] display vlan
(2) SW3的Vlan配置(本步任务:配置SW3的Vlan。)
[SW3] vlan 8 to 20 // 批创建Vlan 8 — 20
Please wait... Done.
[SW3] vlan 10
[SW3-vlan10] port Ethernet1/0/10
[SW3-vlan10] quit
[SW3] vlan 11
[SW3-vlan11] port Ethernet1/0/11
[SW3-vlan11] quit
[SW3] display vlan
(3) SW4的Vlan配置(本步任务:配置SW4的Vlan。)
[SW4] vlan 8 to 20 // 批创建Vlan 8 — 20
Please wait... Done.
[SW4] vlan 10
[SW4-vlan10] port Ethernet1/0/10
[SW4-vlan10] quit
[SW4] vlan 11
实验4 三层交换与DHCP中继
[SW4-vlan11] port Ethernet1/0/11
[SW4-vlan11] quit
[SW4] display vlan
(4) STP配置(本步任务:将核心交换机SW1配置为根网桥。)
[SW1] stp root primary
[SW1] stp enable
[SW3] stp enable
[SW4] stp enable
(5) SW1的二层接口配置(本步任务:配置SW1的二层接口。)
[SW1] interface Ethernet 1/0/1
[SW1-Ethernet1/0/1] port link-type trunk
[SW1-Ethernet1/0/1] port trunk permit vlan all
Please wait........................................... Done.
H3C交换机Trunk接口,默认不允许任何vlan通过。
//
[SW1] interface Ethernet 1/0/2
[SW1-Ethernet1/0/2] port link-type trunk
[SW1-Ethernet1/0/2] port trunk permit vlan all
Please wait........................................... Done. (6) SW3的二层接口配置(本步任务:配置SW3的二层接口。)
[SW3] interface Ethernet 1/0/1
[SW3-Ethernet1/0/1] port link-type trunk
[SW3-Ethernet1/0/1] port trunk permit vlan all
Please wait........................................... Done. (7) SW4的二层接口配置(本步任务:配置SW4的二层接口。)
[SW4] interface Ethernet 1/0/1
[SW4-Ethernet1/0/1] port link-type trunk
[SW4-Ethernet1/0/1] port trunk permit vlan all
Please wait........................................... Done. (8) 查看Trunk信息(Trunk链路调测)。
[SW1] display port trunk
[SW3] display port trunk
[SW4] display port trunk
[SW1] display interface Ethernet1/0/1
[SW2] display interface Ethernet1/0/2
[SW3] display interface Ethernet1/0/1
[SW4] display interface Ethernet1/0/1
[SW1] display vlan all
[SW1] display brief interface
[SW1] display interface Ethernet 1/0/12
[SW1] display mac-address
[SW3] display vlan all
[SW3] display brief interface
[SW3] display interface Ethernet 1/0/10
[SW3] display mac-address
[SW4] display vlan all
[SW4] display brief interface
[SW4] display interface Ethernet 1/0/11
[SW4] display mac-address
蓝狐高级网络工程师系列教材——网络工程实验指南(第一卷)
(9) SW3的网管接口配置(本步任务:配置SW3的网管接口。)
[SW3] interface Vlan-interface 8 // 为SW3配置网管地址
[SW3-Vlan-interface8] ip address 192.168.8.130 25
[SW3-Vlan-interface8] quit
[SW3] ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.8.129 //为SW3配置网关
[SW3] display ip interface brief
[SW3] display current-configuration
请思考二层交换机的网管地址的作用。
请思考为二层交换机配置网关的作用。
请思考二层交换机的网关应配置为。
(10) SW4的网管接口配置(本步任务:配置SW4的网管接口。)
[SW4] interface Vlan-interface 8 // 为SW4配置网管地址
[SW4-Vlan-interface8] ip address 192.168.8.131 25
[SW4-Vlan-interface8] quit
[SW4] ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.8.129 //为SW4配置网关
[SW4] display ip interface brief
[SW4] display current-configuration
4.2.3. 三层接口配置及链路测试
(1) SW1的三层接口配置及调测(本步任务:配置SW1的SVI(interface vlan)接口。)
[SW1] interface Vlan-interface 8 // vlan 8的路由点
[SW1-Vlan-interface8] ip address 192.168.8.129 25
[SW1-Vlan-interface8] quit
[SW1] interface Vlan-interface 10 // vlan 10的路由点
[SW1-Vlan-interface10] ip address 192.168.10.1 24
[SW1-Vlan-interface10] quit
[SW1] interface Vlan-interface 11 // vlan 11的路由点
[SW1-Vlan-interface11] ip address 192.168.11.1 24
[SW1-Vlan-interface11] quit
[SW1] interface Vlan-interface 12 // vlan 12的路由点
[SW1-Vlan-interface12] ip address 192.168.12.1 24
[SW1-Vlan-interface12] quit
[SW1] display ip interface brief
[SW1] display ip routing-table
[SW1] display arp
[SW1] display mac-address
[SW1] display current-configuration
请思考路由表、ARP表、MAC表有什么区别和联系。
请思考三层交换机interface vlan up的条件。
请思考三层交换机interface vlan down的条件。
(2) RT5(Server)的接口地址及默认网关配置
[RT5] interface Ethernet0/0
[RT5-Ethernet0/0] ip address 192.168.12.200 24
[RT5-Ethernet0/0] undo shutdown
[RT5-Ethernet0/0] quit
[RT5] ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.12.1 //为RT5配置网关
[RT5] display ip interface brief
[RT5] display ip routing-table
实验4 三层交换与DHCP中继
4.2.4. 全网连通性测试
(1) 全网连通性测试(任何IP Ping通任何IP)
Ping (通/不通) SW1 PC1 PC4 RT5 SW3 SW4
192.168.10.1
192.168.10.100
192.168.11.1
192.168.11.100
192.168.12.1
192.168.12.200
192.168.8.129
192.168.8.130
192.168.8.131
请思考上表中任意IP之间Ping通的三层通信过程和二层通信过程。
4.2.
5. 上层业务部署及测试
(1) DHCP服务部署(本步任务:在核心交换机SW1上部署DHCP服务器。)
[SW1] dhcp enable// 启动DHCP服务
[SW1] dhcp server ip-pool vlan10// 定义名为Vlan10的DHCP地址池
[SW1-dhcp-pool-vlan10] network 192.168.10.0 24 // 定义该地址池的网段
[SW1-dhcp-pool-vlan10] gateway-list 192.168.10.1 // 定义分给PC的网关
[SW1-dhcp-pool-vlan10] dns-list 202.103.96.68 // 定义分给PC的DNS
[SW1-dhcp-pool-vlan10] display this
[SW1-dhcp-pool-vlan10] quit
[SW1] dhcp server ip-pool vlan11
[SW1-dhcp-pool-vlan11] network 192.168.11.0 24
[SW1-dhcp-pool-vlan11] gateway-list 192.168.11.1
[SW1-dhcp-pool-vlan11] dns-list 202.103.96.68
[SW1-dhcp-pool-vlan11] display this
[SW1-dhcp-pool-vlan11] quit
[SW1] dhcp server forbidden-ip 192.168.10.100 192.168.10.254
// 定义排除地址,不允许DHCP Server分配这段地址[SW1] dhcp server forbidden-ip 192.168.11.100 192.168.11.254
(2) DHCP测试(本步任务:测试PC能否通过DHCP自动获取正确的IP地址)
Ping (通/不通) PC2获取的IP:___________PC3获取的IP:___________
192.168.10.1
192.168.10.100
192.168.11.1
192.168.11.100
192.168.12.1
192.168.12.200
注意:如果不能获得IP地址,请多敲几次ipconfig /release, ipconfig /renew。
请思考PC2自动获取IP时,DHCP的工作过程。
(3) Windows ipconfig命令参考
C:\> ipconfig /release 释放当前获得的IP地址
C:\> ipconfig /renew 重新获取的IP地址
C:\> ipconfig /all 显示当前详细的IP地址信息
蓝狐高级网络工程师系列教材——网络工程实验指南(第一卷)
(4) 删除SW1上的DHCP服务
[SW1] undo dhcp server ip-pool vlan10
[SW1] undo dhcp server ip-pool vlan11
[SW1] undo dhcp server forbidden-ip 192.168.10.100 192.168.10.254
[SW1] undo dhcp server forbidden-ip 192.168.11.100 192.168.11.254
(5) DHCP中继部署
本步任务:在RT5上部署DHCP服务器,并在SW1上启用DHCP中继。
[SW1] dhcp enable
[SW1] dhcp relay server-group 1 ip 192.168.12.200
[SW1] interface Vlan-interface 10
[SW1-Vlan-interface10] dhcp select relay
[SW1-Vlan-interface10] dhcp relay server-select 1
[SW1-Vlan-interface10] display this
[SW1-Vlan-interface10] quit
[SW1] interface Vlan-interface 11
[SW1-Vlan-interface11] dhcp select relay
[SW1-Vlan-interface11] dhcp relay server-select 1
[SW1-Vlan-interface11] display this
[SW1-Vlan-interface11] quit
[RT5] dhcp enable
[RT5] dhcp server ip-pool vlan10
[RT5-dhcp-pool-vlan10] network 192.168.10.0 24
[RT5-dhcp-pool-vlan10] gateway-list 192.168.10.1
[RT5-dhcp-pool-vlan10] dns-list 202.103.96.68
[RT5-dhcp-pool-vlan10] display this
[RT5-dhcp-pool-vlan10] quit
[RT5] dhcp server ip-pool vlan11
[RT5-dhcp-pool-vlan11] network 192.168.11.0 24
[RT5-dhcp-pool-vlan11] gateway-list 192.168.11.1
[RT5-dhcp-pool-vlan11] dns-list 202.103.96.68
[RT5-dhcp-pool-vlan11] display this
[RT5-dhcp-pool-vlan11] quit
[RT5] dhcp server forbidden-ip 192.168.10.1 192.168.10.150
[RT5] dhcp server forbidden-ip 192.168.11.1 192.168.11.150
(6) DHCP中继测试(本步任务:测试PC能否通过DHCP中继自动获取正确的IP地址)
Ping (通/不通) PC2获取的IP:___________PC3获取的IP:___________
192.168.10.1
192.168.10.100
192.168.11.1
192.168.11.100
192.168.12.1
192.168.12.200
注意:如果不能获得IP地址,请多敲几次ipconfig /release, ipconfig /renew。
请思考PC2自动获取IP时,DHCP及DHCP中继的工作过程。
请思考什么组网情况下需要部署DHCP中继,什么组网情况下不需要部署。