自动化专业英语讲义(2010-2011第２学期)
课前要求：通读课文1遍、将生词查出。
课后要求：独立完成作业。预习下次课的内容
成绩计算办法：平时成绩50%，期末考试成绩50%。平时成绩由作业(约40分)和出勤(约10分)等决定，缺交作业、或者作业抄袭者被发现（包括将作业给别人抄袭者）本次记为0分。作业要整洁。作业必须按时完成，必须在上课前交作业！！请假者，请通过他人交作业。
答疑地点：杰德控制系统工程研究中心（一校西门南三层楼305室）
答疑时间：每周工作日上午10:00～11:30、下午3:00～5:00(周四除外)之间,请先电话联系
办公电话：2554
参考书：
《工业自动化专业外语》，王树青，韩建国编，化学工业出版社，2001年。
《自动化专业英语教程》王宏文，机械工业出版社，2007年。
《Modern Control System》，R.C. Dorf, R.H. Bishop，科学出版社，2004年。
《自动化专业英语》，李国厚，王春阳，北京大学出版社，2006年。
《自动化专业英语》，任金霞,任金霞,何小阳，华中科技大学出版社，2008年。
《自动化专业英语》，王旸,原驰,哈尔滨工业大学，2008年。
《自动化专业英语》，王建国,陈东淼，中国电力出版社，2005年。
《自动控制专业英语》，沈宏，电子工业出版社，2003年。
《自动控制专业英语》，李国厚，清华大学出版社，2005年。
《自动化专业英语》，戴文进，章卫国，武汉理工大学出版社，2006年。
《自动化与电子信息专业英语》，杨植新，周劲，孙江波，电子工业出版社，2009年。
No.1 Pronunciation of mathematical expressions; Major catalogue; Periodicals and journals
1.1 Pronunciation of Mathematical Expressions
The pronunciations of the most common mathematical expressions are given in the list below. In general, the shortest versions are preferred (unless greater precision is necessary).
3、Real numbers
1+x x plus one 1-x x minus one 1±x x plus or minus one xy
xy / x multiplied by y
))((y x y x +- x minus y , x plus y
y
x x over y / x on y
＝the equals sign
x x equals 5 / x is equal to 5
=
5
x x (is) not equal to 5
5
≠
x≡x is equivalent to (or identical with) y
y
x≠y x is not equivalent to (or identical with) y y
x>x is greater than y
x≥x is greater than or equal to y
y
x y y x≤x is less than or equal to y 0< 1 ≤x zero is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to 1 1 0≤ x mod x / modulus x / absolute value of x 2 x x squared / x (raised) to the power 2 3 x x cubed 4 x x to the fourth / x to the power four n x x to the nth / x to the power n n x-x to the (power) minus n x(square) root x / the square root of x 3x cube root (of) x 4x fourth root (of) x n x n th root (of) x 2)(y x + x plus y all squared 2 ??? ? ??y x x over y all squared !n n factorial x ? x hat x x bar x ~ x tilde i x xi / x subscript i / x suffix i / x sub i i x xi / x superscript i / x superfix i / x super i ∑=n i i a 1 the sum from i equals one to n a i / the sum as i runs from 1 to n of the a i 4、Linear algebra x the norm (or modulus) of x OA / vector OA OA OA / the length of the segment OA T A A transpose / the transpose of A 1-A A inverse / the inverse of A 5、Functions )(x f f x / f of x / the function f of x T S f →: a function f from S to T y x x maps to y / x is sent (or mapped) to y )(x f ' f prime x / f dash x / the (first) derivative of f with respect to x )(x f '' f double –prime x / f double –dash x / the second derivative of f with respect to x )(x f ''' f triple –prime x / f triple –dash x / the third derivative of f with respect to x )()4(x f f four x / the fourth derivative of f with respect to x F x ?? partial F on partial x / partial differential F on x 1 x f ?? the partial (derivative) of f with respect to x 1 2 1 2x f ?? the second partial (derivative) of f with respect to x 1 ? ∞ the integral from zero to infinity lim →x the limit as x approaches zero lim +→x the limit as x approaches zero from above lim -→x the limit as x approaches zero from below y e log log y to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log (of) y y ln log y to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log (of) y Individual mathematicians often have their own way of pronouncing mathematical expressions and in many cases there is no generally accepted ―correct‖ pronunciation. Distinctions made in writing are often not made explicit in speech; thus the sounds fx may be interpreted as any of: fx , ,,,),(FX FX FX f x f x The difference is usually made clear by the context; it is only when confusion may occur, or where he/she wishes to emphasize the point, that the mathematician will use the longer forms: f multiplied by x , the function f of x , f subscript x , line FX , the length of the segment FX , vector FX . Similarly, a mathematician is unlikely to make any distinction in speech (except sometimes a difference in intonation or length of pauses) between pairs such as the following: )(z y x ++ and z y x ++)( b ax + and b ax + 1-n a and 1 -n a 6、其它数学符号和公式例子 4/5 four fifths / 4 on 5 0.025 zero point zero two five 38.49 thirty-eight point four nine 2% two per cent 25 the second power of five / five to the power two x the square root of x 7106? six times the seventh power of ten + plus ; positive - minus ; negative ? multiplied by ; times ÷; / divided by = is equal to ; equals ( ) round brackets ; parentheses (parenthesis) i ; j imaginary unit !a factorial a sin sine of x x arcsin arc sine of x x ∏the product of the terms indicated ∑the sum of the terms indicated b'b prime b''b second prime b b sub two 2 " b b second prime sub m m dx dy/the first derivative of y with respect to x 2/dx 2 d th e second derivative o f y with respect to x y ?b a integral between limits a and b x x approaches to infinity ∞ → a= +a plus b is equal to c b c -a minus b equals c a= c b s=s equals v multiplied by t vt =v equals s divided by t v/ t s ? - +/) (a plus b minus c multiplied by d, all divided by e equals f a= d b e f c C+ =C over R equals G divided by the sum of one and H times G R 1/( ) /GH G 1.2 Major Catalogue 根据国家教委1998年颁布的新专业目录（Major Catalogue），将原工业自动化（Industrial Automation）、自动控制（Automatic Control）、自动化（Automation）、电气技术（Electrical Technology）等专业合并统称为自动化专业（Automation）。全国专业指导委员会对本专业本、专科生及研究生的必修课程（compulsory subjects/required subjects）和选修课程（elective subjects）做了指导性规划，除一些大学基础课程外，还应包括的主要专业基础课和专业课有： 电路（Theory of Circuit） 模拟电子技术（Analog Electronics Technology） 数字电子技术（Digital Electronics Technology） 电力电子技术（Power Electronics Technology） 电磁场（Electromagnetic Field） 电工测量（Electric Measurement） 电机学（Theory of Electric Motors） 自动控制理论（Automatic Control Theory） 现代控制理论（Modern Control Theory） 微机原理（Principle of Microcomputer） 计算机控制技术（Computer Control Techniques） 自动调节装置（Automatic Regulators） 过程控制系统（Process Control System） 电气自动控制（Electrical Automatic Control） 电力拖动基础（Fundamental of Electric Drive） 交流调速系统（AC Motor Speed Regulating System） 电力拖动自动控制系统（Automatic Control System for Electric Drive） 单片机应用（Application of Single-chip Computer） 可编程序控制器系统（Programmable Logical Controller System） 供电技术（Power Supplying Technology） 系统仿真（System Simulation） 楼宇自动化（Building Automation） 线性系统（Linear System） 自适应控制（Adaptive Control System） 系统辨识（System Identification） 模糊控制与神经元网络（Fuzzy Control and Neutral Network）电气CAD（Electrical CAD） 计算机多媒体与网络技术（Multimedia and Network Technique）运动控制（Motion Control） 网络化控制系统（Networked Control System） 1.3 Periodicals and Journals 1.3.1 国内自动化专业主要期刊 (略) 1.3.2国外自动化专业主要期刊 1.3.3 国内外自动化学术团体 1、美国电气与电子工程师学会（The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers，简称IEEE） IEEE是电气与电子工程方面目前世界上最大的学术团体。它与100多个国家建立了人事往来和学术交流活动，并已逐渐发展成一个国际性的机构。现有国内外会员20余万人。IEEE活动主要是举办大量国际性或全国性会议和出版期刊和会议录，举办各种展览会，组织会员访问科研单位和工厂企业的实验室、进行职业调查并出版相应的调查报告等。IEEE按专业活动划分为：计算机；控制系统；电介质与电气绝缘；电子器件；工业应用；工业电子学；信息理论；测试设备与测量；大功率电子学（委员会）；机器人与自 动学（委员会）；系统、人与控制论等10个部和36个技术协会和委员会。 2、英国电气工程师学会（The Institute of Electrical Engineers，简称IEE） IEE目前有会员82 000人，主要活动也是召开学术会议和出版科技刊物。IEE与IEEE相似，每年要组织召开许多国际会议和讨论会，多数出版会议录或论文摘要，并以连续出版物的形式出版《IEE会议出版物》（IEE Conference Publication）或《IEE讨论会论文摘要》（IEE Colloquium Digest），这类出版物均以会议名称命名，并有连续编号，如International Conference on Mobile Radio Systems and Techniques （Conf.Publ.No.238）。IEE编辑出版的刊物中影响较大的是《IEE会报》，共分A～J 10个分辑（双月刊），均为工程学的核心期刊。 3、国内主要相关专业性学会 中国自动化学会 中国电机工程学会 中国动力工程学会 中国系统仿真学会 中国仪器仪表学会 中过电工技术学会 中国电子学会 中国系统工程学会 中国计算机学会 No.2 Specified English words and expressions for automation and thermal system actuator 执行器 adaptive control 自适应控制 amplitude 幅值／振幅 anti-reset windup 抗积分饱和 assumption 假设 automatic control 自动控制 auto-tuning 自整定 bandwidth 带宽 black-box model 黑箱模型 white-box model 白箱模型 gray-box model 灰箱模型 boiler drum 汽包水位 capacitance 电容 capacitor 电容 characteristic equation 特征方程 closed-loop stability 闭环稳定 controller tuning 控制器整定 converge 收敛 convergence 收敛性 diode 二极管 direct-digital-control 直接数字控制distributed control 分布控制 emission 排放，散发 empirical model 经验模型 equilibrium 平衡点 feedback control 反馈控制 fuzzy control 模糊控制 fuzzification 模糊化 de-fuzzification 解模糊 generalized predictive control 广义预测控制generator 发电机 turbo-generator 汽轮发电机 turbo-generator unit 汽轮发电机组 feed-forward control 反馈控制 intelligent control 智能控制 linear quadratic regulator LQR，线性二次高斯控制 magnitude 大小，幅值 manual control 手动控制 multiple variable system 多变量系统 numerator polynomial 分子多项式 negative feedback control 负反馈控制 partial fraction expansion 部分分式展开proportional plus integral plus derivative control PID控制physical modeling 物理模型 prerequisite 先决条件 process control 过程控制 ratio control 比率控制 robustness 鲁棒性 saturation 饱和 self-tuning regulator 自校正调节器 set-point 设定值 simulation research 仿真研究 startup/start-up 启动 state space model 状态空间模型 step function 阶跃函数 step response 阶跃响应 pulse response 脉冲响应 system identification 系统辨识 s-plane s平面 z-plane z平面 theorem 定理 theoretical 理论上的thermocouple 热电偶 time delay 时延 transducer 传感器 sensor 传感器 transfer function 传递函数 transmitter 变送器 true value 真值 unit matrix 单位矩阵 valve 阀门 voltage 电压 white noise 白噪声 color noise 有色噪声 zero-order hold 零阶保持器 open-loop 开环 closed-loop 闭环 minimum-phase 最小相位 non-minimum phase system 非最小相位 coal-fired power plant 燃煤发电厂 circulating fluidized bed boiler 循环流化床锅炉 disturbance rejection 抗扰动 feed-forward plus feedback control 前馈加反馈控制 cascade control system 串级控制 steam temperature 蒸汽温度 first order system 一阶系统 second order system 二阶系统 first order plus pure time delay system 一阶加纯滞后系统(FOPDT) second order plus pure time delay system 二阶加纯滞后系统(SOPDT) critical 临界的 sub-critical 亚临界的 super-critical 超临界的 ultra-super-critical 超临界的 carbon monoxide (CO) 一氧化碳 carbon dioxide (CO2) 二氧化碳 nitrogen oxide (NO x) 氮氧化物 板式空气预热器plate air-preheater 半无烟煤semi-anthracite 半直吹式燃烧semi-direct firing 备件duplicate part, renewals 备品spare parts 备用reserve 备用电源reserve power supply 备用发电厂stand-by generator 备用发电机reserve feed tank 备用机组stand-by set, stand-by unit, reserve machine 备用零件spare detail 本征矢量/特征矢量eigenvector 本征值/特征值eigenvalue 泵pump 给水泵feed water pump 闭式循环closed circulating, closed cycle 表面式减温器surface type attemperator 表面式冷却器surface cooler 表面式凝汽器surface condensor 并列运行parallel operation 不灵敏区dead zone 不完全燃烧incomplete combustion 厂用电auxiliary power, station service 除氧deaeration 除氧器deaerator 除氧水箱deaerator storage tank 吹灰器soot blower 挡板baffle plate, dash 低速磨煤机low speed mill 调峰cycling loading 对流过热器convection superheater 发电成本generating cost 辐射式过热器radiant superheater 负荷分配load distribution 钢球磨煤机ball tube mill 给煤机coal feeder, pulverized coal feeder 给粉机pulverized fuel feeder, pulverized coal feeder 鼓风机blower, aerator 锅炉boiler 超临界锅炉supercritical boiler 亚临界锅炉subcritical boiler 燃煤锅炉coal-fired boiler 燃油锅炉oil-fired boiler 直流锅炉once-through boiler 回转式空气预热器rotary air-preheater 机组负荷unit load 经济负荷economic load 空气air 一次空气primary air 二次空气secondary air 三次空气tertiary air 过剩空气excess air 空气预热器air preheater, air heater 板式空气预热器plate air preheater 管式空气预热器tubular air preheater 回转式空气预热器rotary air preheater 三分仓空气预热器trisector air preheater 炉膛安全监控系统furnace safeguard supervision system (FSSS) 凝汽器condensor 排粉机pulverizer exhauster 频率frequency 额定频率normal frequency 固有频率inherent frequency 工频power frequency 自然频率natural frequency 燃烧combustion 切圆燃烧tangential combustion 四角燃烧diagonal combustion 热电联产cogeneration 热电偶thermocouple, thermopair 省煤器economizer 脱硫desulphurization 旋风分离器cyclone separator 送风机/鼓风机forced fan (FDF) 引风机/吸风机induced fan (IDF) 再热器reheater 专业词汇往往有其特殊词义(不能只记得单词的一个意思)：memory 内存；记忆 bus 总线(Field Bus Control System)；公共汽车 monitor 监视器；班长 order 阶次；命令、订货 UNIT 1 AUTOMOTIVE BASICS Body：车身chassis：底盘 stream-lined：流线 wind resistance：风阻Frame：车架the power train：传动系统 the drive train：驱动系 a unitized body：承载式车身 unibody：整体式汽车车身 suspension system：悬架系统 steering system：转向系统 braking system（制动系统）suspension system：悬架系统 shock absorber：减振器 control arm：控制臂、导向机构 steering gears：转向器 steering wheel：转向盘 idler arm：随动臂 tie rods：横拉杆 power steering：动力转向 Power booster：助力器 master cylinder：制动主缸 Disc brake：盘式制动 drum brake：鼓式制动 Brake pedal：制动踏板 brake system：制动系统 stopping power：制动力 Hydraulic brakes：液压制动 brake pedal：制动踏板 brake fluid：制动液 brake lines：制动管路 cylinders：轮缸 brake shoes：制动蹄 drum：制动鼓 disc brake：盘式制动器 pliers：老虎钳 squeeze：挤进，握紧；夹紧 rotating disc：旋转制动盘 Drum brake：鼓式制动器 gasoline-burning piston engine：活塞式汽油发动机 Diesel-fuel burning engines：柴油发动机Fuel system：供给系统 exhaust system：排气系统 Cooling system：冷却系统 lubrication system：润滑系统 ignition system：点火系统 electric spark：电火花 air-fuel mixture：可燃混合气 cylinder：汽缸 ignition switch：点火开关 current：电流 storage battery：蓄电池 ignition coil：点火线圈 Distributor：分电器 spark plug：火花塞 compression ignition engines：压燃式发动机 charging circuit：充电电路 regulator：电压调节器 alternator (or generator)：发电机mechanical energy：机械能 electrical energy：电能 maximum voltage：最大电压 fuel system：燃料供给系统 fuel pump：燃油泵 Filter：滤清器 carburetor：化油器 fuel injection system：燃油喷射系统combustible mixture：可燃混合气manifold：进气管 exhaust system：排气系统 carbon monoxide：一氧化碳hydrocarbons（碳氢化合物） oxides of nitrogen：氮氧化合物emission control system：排放控制系统cooling system：冷却系统 combustion chamber：燃烧室coolant：冷却液 Radiator：散热器 water pump：水泵 hollow：空的、空洞的 block：汽缸体 head：汽缸盖 Defroster：（除冰(或霜)装置）Lubrication system润滑系统lubricant：润滑剂 piston rings：活塞环 cylinder walls：汽缸壁 element n、元件，成分node n、节点branch n、分支loop n、回路resistor n、电阻器impedance n、阻抗analog n、模拟digital adj、数字的pulse n、脉冲interface n、接触面，界面decoder n、解码器 transformer n、变压器single-phase 单相pulsate vi、脉动three-phase power三相电源three-phase circuit 三相电路 wye connection 星形连接delta connection 三角形连接phase voltage 相电压line voltage 线电压voltmeter n、电压表ammeter n、电流表clamp-on ammeter钳式安培表 solid-state adj、固态的valve n、真空管，活栓semiconductor n、半导体switching n、开关diode n、二极管inverter n、反向换流器(逆变器) thyristor n、硅可控整流器inverter thyristor 晶闸管逆变器transistor n、晶体管substantial adj、牢固的fluorescent lamp ballast 荧光灯镇流器HVDC transmission system 高压直流输电系统 induction motor 感应电动机rectifier n、整流器 thyratron n、闸流管ignitron n、引燃管，放电管cycloconverter n、循环变流器spectrum n、光谱 wafer n、圆片，晶片chopper n、斩波器polarity n、极性silicon-controlled rectifiers (SCR) n、可控硅整流器 gate turn-off thyristors (GTO) n、门极可关断晶闸管 MOS Controlled Thyristor (MCT) n、MOS控制晶闸管 自动化专业英语常用词汇 acceleration transducer 加速度传感器 accumulated error 累积误差 AC-DC-AC frequency converter交-直-交变频器 AC (alternating current) electric drive 交流电子传动 active attitude stabilization 主动姿态稳定 adjoint operator 伴随算子 admissible error 容许误差 amplifying element 放大环节 analog-digital conversion 模数转换 operational amplifiers运算放大器 aperiodic decomposition 非周期分解 approximate reasoning 近似推理 a priori estimate 先验估计 articulated robot 关节型机器人 asymptotic stability 渐进稳定性 attained pose drift 实际位姿漂移 attitude acquisition 姿态捕获 AOCS (attitude and orbit control system) 姿态轨道控制系统attitude angular velocity 姿态角速度 attitude disturbance 姿态扰动 automatic manual station 自动-手动操作器 automaton 自动机 base coordinate system 基座坐标系 bellows pressure gauge 波纹管压力表 gauge测量仪器 第二部分 控制理论 第1章 1.1控制系统的引入 人类控制自然力量的设计促进人类历史的发展,我们已经广泛的能利用这种量进行在人类本身力量之外的物理进程?在充满活力的20世纪中,控制系统工程的发展已经使得很多梦想成为了现实?控制系统工程队我们取得的成就贡献巨大?回首过去,控制系统工程主要的贡献在机器人,航天驾驶系统包括成功的实现航天器的软着陆,航空飞机自动驾驶与自动控制,船舶与潜水艇控制系统,水翼船?气垫船?高速铁路自动控制系统,现代铁路控制系统? 以上这些类型的控制控制系统和日常生活联系紧密,控制系统是一系列相关的原件在系统运行的基础上相互关联的构成的,此外控制系统存在无人状态下的运行,如飞机自控驾驶,汽车的巡航控制系统?对于控制系统,特别是工业控制系统,我们通常面对的是一系列的器件,自动控制是一个复合型的学科?控制工程师的工作需要具有力学,电子学,机械电子,流体力学,结构学,无料的各方面的知识?计算机在控制策略的执行中具有广泛的应用,并且控制工程的需求带动了信息技术的与软件工程的发展? 通常控制系统的范畴包括开环控制系统与闭环控制系统,两种系统的区别在于是否在系统中加入了闭环反馈装置? 开环控制系统 开环控制系统控制硬件形式很简单,图2.1描述了一个单容液位控制系统, 图2.1单容液位控制系统 我们的控制目标是保持容器的液位h 在水流出流量V 1变化的情况下保持在一定 可接受的范围内,可以通过调节入口流量V 2实现?这个系统不是精确的系统,本系 统无法精确地检测输出流量V 2,输入流量V 1以及容器液位高度?图2.2描述了这 个系统存在的输入(期望的液位)与输出(实际液位)之间的简单关系, 图2.2液位控制系统框图 这种信号流之间的物理关系的描述称为框图?箭头用来描述输入进入系统,以及 常用自动化仪表术语中英文对照 自动化仪表 automation instrumentation 测量 measurement 现场 site 控制 control 就地仪表 local instrument 检测仪表 detecting and measuring instrument 传感器 transducer 转换器 converter 变送器 transmitter 执行器 actuator 显示仪表 display instrument 控制仪表 control instrument 检测元件、传感元件 sensor 取源部件 tap 检测点 measuring point 测温点 temperature measuring point 取压点 pressure measuring point 综合控制系统 comprehensive control system 管道 piping 仪表管道 instrumentation piping 测量管道 measuring piping 信号管道 signal piping 气源管道 air piping 电缆槽 cable tray 回路 loop 仪表线路 instrumentation line 保护管 protective tube 伴热 heat tracing 脱脂degreasing 检验 inspection 试验 testing 检定 verification 校准 calibration 调整 adjustment 防爆电气设备 explosion-protected electrical apparatus 爆炸性环境 explosive atmosphere 危险区域 hazardous area 2008年秋冬学期研究生专业英语期末考试试卷参考答案 1. Translate the following words or phrases into Chinese ① Metric 度量 ② Convergence 收敛 ③ Covariance 方差 ④ Stochastic 随机 ⑤ Equivalence 等价 ⑥ Dynamic equation 动态方程 ⑦ Criteria 判据、评价标准 ⑧ Measurement Model 测量模型 ⑨ Partial derivative equation 偏微分方程 ⑩ In the sense of probability 在概率意义上，依概率 2. Explain the following symbols in English ① m b '' the second order derivative of b sub m , b double prime sub m ② A B ? A is equivalent to B ③ i x a → i x approaches a ④ y x ?? the partial derivative of y with respective to x ⑤ ?a b integral between limits b to a ⑥ a ‖b a is parallel to b ⑦ 3 a the cube root of a ⑧ A X ? set A is contained in X ⑨ ()a b c d e f +-?÷= a plus b minus c multiplied d , all divided by e equals f ⑩ ,,. as i N s t a a i ε??→→∞ for any special ε, there is a respected N , In the case of a resistor, the voltage-current relationship is given by Ohm’s law, which states that the voltage across the resistor is equal to the current through the resistor multiplied by the value of the resistance. 就电阻来说, 电压—电流的关系由欧姆定律决定。欧姆定律指出:电阻两端的 电压等于电阻上流过的电流乘以电阻值。 2]It may be that the inductor voltage rather than the current is the variable of interest in the circuit. 或许在电路中,人们感兴趣的变量是电感电压而不是电感电流。 Viewed in this light, it will be found that the analysis of three-phase circuits is little more difficult than that of single-phase circuits. 这样看来,三相电路的分析比单相电路的分析难不了多少。 At unity power factor, the power in a single-phase circuit is zero twice each cycle. 在功率因数为 1时,单相电路里的功率值每个周波有两次为零。 It should be noted that if the polarity of point Awith respect to N ( is assumed for the positive half-cycle, then when used in the same phasor diagram should be drawn opposite to, or 180? out of phase with, . 应该注意,如果把 A 点相对于 N 的极性(定为正半周,那么在用于同一相量图中时就应该画得同相反,即相位差为 180? One problem with electronic devices corresponding to the generalized amplifiers is that the gains, AU or AI, depend upon internal properties of the two-port system. 对应于像广义放大器这样的电子装置,一个问题就是增益 AU 或者 AI ,它们取决于两输入端系统的内部特性。 An electrical circuit or network is composed of elements such as resistors , inductors , and capacitors connected together in some manner .If the network contains no energy sources , such as batteries or electrical generators,it is known as a passive network.On the other hand, if one or more energy sources are present , the resultant combination is an active network. In studying the behavior of an electrical network,we are interested in determining the voltages and currents that exist within the circuit. Since a network is composed of passive circuit elements,we must first define the electrical characteristics of these elements. 电路或电网络由以某种方式连接的电阻器、电感器和电容器等元件组成。如果网络不包含能源，如电池或发电机，那么就被称作无源网络。换句话说，如果存在一个或多个能源，那么组合的结果为有源网络。在研究电网络的特性时，我们感兴趣的是确定电路中的电压和电流。因为网络由无源电路元件组成，所以必须首先定义这些元件的电特性. In the case of a resistor, the voltage-current relationship is given by Ohm's law, which ststes that the voltage across the resistor is equal to the current through the resistor multiplied by the value of the resistance. Mathematically, this is expressed as u=iR where u=voltage , V; i=current, A; R=resistance Ω. 就电阻来说，电压-电流的关系由欧姆定律给出，欧姆定律指出：电阻两端的电压等于电阻上流过的电流乘以电阻值。在数学上表达为: u=iR (1-1A-1)式中u=电压，伏特；i =电流，安培；R = 电阻，欧姆。 The voltage across a pure inductor is defined by Faraday's law ,which states that the voltage across the inductor is proportional to the rate of change with time of the current through the inductor. Thus we have u=Ldi/dt where di/dt=rate of change of current ,A/s; L=inductance ,H. 纯电感电压由法拉第定律定义，法拉第定律指出：电感两端的电压正比于流过电感的电流随时间的变化率。因此可得到：U=Ldi/dt 式中di/dt = 电流变化率，安培/秒；L = 感应系数，享利。 The voltage developed across a capacitor is proportional to the electric charge q accumulating on the plates of the capacitor. Since the accumulation of charge may be expressed as the summation, or integral , of the charge increments dq, we have the equation u=1/c fdq where the capacitance C is the proportionality constant relating voltage and charge. By definition, current equals the rate of change of charge with time and is expressed as i=dq/dt. Thus an increment of charge dq is equal to the current multiplied by the corresponding time increment, or dq=i dt. 电容两端建立的电压正比于电容两极板上积累的电荷q 。因为电荷的积累可表示为电荷增量dq的和或积分，因此得到的等式为u= 1/c fdq，式中电容量C是与电压和电荷相关的比例常数。由定义可知，电流等于电荷随时间的变化率，可表示为i = dq/dt。因此电荷增量dq 等于电流乘以相应的时间增量，或dq = i dt，那么等式(1-1A-3) 可写为式中 C = 电容量，法拉。 《自动化专业英语教程》-王宏文主编-全文翻译 PART 1Electrical and Electronic Engineering Basics UNIT 1A Electrical Networks ————————————3 B Three-phase Circuits UNIT 2A The Operational Amplifier ———————————5 B Transistors UNIT 3A Logical Variables and Flip-flop ——————————8 B Binary Number System UNIT 4A Power Semiconductor Devices ——————————11 B Power Electronic Converters UNIT 5A Types of DC Motors —————————————15 B Closed-loop Control of D C Drivers UNIT 6A AC Machines ———————————————19 B Induction Motor Drive UNIT 7A Electric Power System ————————————22 B Power System Automation PART 2Control Theory UNIT 1A The World of Control ————————————27 B The Transfer Function and the Laplace Transformation —————29 UNIT 2A Stability and the Time Response —————————30 B Steady State—————————————————31 UNIT 3A The Root Locus —————————————32 B The Frequency Response Methods: Nyquist Diagrams —————33 UNIT 4A The Frequency Response Methods: Bode Piots —————34 B Nonlinear Control System 37 UNIT 5 A Introduction to Modern Control Theory 38 B State Equations 40 UNIT 6 A Controllability, Observability, and Stability B Optimum Control Systems UNIT 7 A Conventional and Intelligent Control B Artificial Neural Network PART 3 Computer Control Technology UNIT 1 A Computer Structure and Function 42 B Fundamentals of Computer and Networks 43 UNIT 2 A Interfaces to External Signals and Devices 44 B The Applications of Computers 46 UNIT 3 A PLC Overview B PACs for Industrial Control, the Future of Control 仪表自动化英语汇总（试用版） 2010年6月28日 仪表工程缩写词语汇总 BMS: Burner Management System燃烧管理系统CCR: Center control room中控室 ER: Engineering room工程师室 FRR: Field Rack Room现场仪表机柜室（控制室分站）DCS: Distributed control system集散控制系统 ESD: Emergency shut-down system紧急停车系统FAT: Factory Acceptance Test工厂验收测试 HMI Human Machine Interface (operator station) 人机接口（操作员站） I/O: Input/Output输入/输出 MCC Motor Control Center马达控制中心 MMS: Machinery Monitoring System机械监测系统MOV: Motor Operated Valve电动阀 P&ID: Piping and Instrument Diagrams 管道仪表流程图 PFD: Process Flow Diagram工艺流程图 PLC: Programmable Logic Controller可编程逻辑控制器PU: Package Unit成套设备 SAT: Site Acceptance Test现场认可测试 SOE: Sequence Of Events事件序列记录 SIL: Safety Integrity Level安全完整性等级SIS: Safety Instrumented System安全仪表系统TMR: Triple Modular Redundant三重模块冗余QMR: Quadruple Modular Redundant (dual redundant system) 四重模块冗余（双重冗余系统 UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply不间断电源1oo2 One out of two, likewise: 2oo3 2选1，同样地3选2 英文全称缩写中文 A abort 中断,停止 abnormal 异常 abrader 研磨,磨石,研磨工具 absence 失去 Absence of brush 无(碳)刷 Absolute ABS 绝对的 Absolute atmosphere ATA 绝对大气压 AC Lub oil pump 交流润滑油泵 absorptance 吸收比,吸收率 acceleration 加速 accelerator 加速器 accept 接受 access 存取 accomplish 完成,达到 accumulator 蓄电池,累加器 Accumulator battery 蓄电池组 accuracy 准确,精确 acid 酸性,酸的 Acid washing 酸洗 acknowledge 确认,响应 acquisition 发现,取得 action 动作 Active power 有功功率 actuator 执行机构 Translate the following sentences into Chinese。 (2)Although current and voltage are the two basic variables in an electric circuit，they are not sufficient by themselves。For practical purposes，we need to know how much power an electric device can handle。 虽然电流和电压是电路中的两个基本变量，但是它们本身是不足够的。出于实用的目的， 我们需要知道电气设备可以处理多大的功率。 (3)In any linear circuit containing multiple independent sources，the current or voltage at any point in the network may be calculated as the algebraic sum of the individual contributions of each source acting alone。 任一含有多个独立电源的线性电路，某处电压或电流都是电路中各个独立电源单独作用 时，在该处分别产生的电压或电流的叠加。 (5)Since an 8-bit code can represent 256 segments，its codes for the same analog value are shown with the maximum analog signal of 1.5V equal to 255 。Notice that the 8-bit code is two groups of 4-bit codes，which are also expressed in hexadecimal form。 由于一个8 位的代码可以表示256 个段，以此表示的代码对应的模拟值，最大的模拟信号1.5V 取值为255。另外，8 位代码是两组4 位的代码，可以用十六进制形式表示。 (6)After the digital processing system completes its manipulation of the signal ，the output digital codes are coupled to a digital-to-analog converter that changes the digital codes back to an equivalent analog signal。 数字处理系统完成信号的处理后，输出的数字码被传到一个数字转模拟的转换器，将数 字编码转换为相等的模拟信号。 (4)Often instrumentation is not used by itself，but instead as the sensors of larger electrical systems。For example，a thermocouple might be used to help ensure a furnace’s temperature remains constant。For this reason，instrumentation engineering is often viewed as the counterpart of control engineering。 通常测量仪器不单独使用，而作为大型电气系统的传感器应用。例如，热电偶可用于帮 助确保熔炉的温度保持恒定。出于这个原因，仪器仪表工程通常被视为对应于控制工程的配对。 (5)Signal Processing is a very mathematically oriented and intensive area forming the core of digital signal processing and it is rapidly expanding with new applications in very field of electrical engineering such as communications，control，radar， TV/Audio/Video engineering，power electronics and bio-medical engineering as many already existing analog systems are replaced with their digital counterparts。 信号处理是非常数字化的，也是构成数字信号处理核心的重点领域，它正在迅速扩展， 应用在电气工程的各个领域中，如通信、控制、雷达、电视/音频/视频技术、电力电子技术和生物 医学工程，以相应的数字系统取代其中现有的模拟系统。 Abound v.大量存在Accelerate v.加速Access v.存取，接近Accommodate v.容纳，使适应 Acoustic adj.听觉的Acousticsensor声传感器，声敏原件 Acronym n.首字母缩写词 Active adj.主动的，有源的 Active network 有源网络 Actuator n.执行器 Ad hoc 尤其，特定地Address n.寻址Addressgenerators地址发生器 Adjoint n.，adj.伴随（的），共轭（的） Admissible adj.可采纳的，允许的 Advent n.出现Aerodynamic adj.空气动力学的Aerodynamic n.空气动力学，气体力学Aesthetically adv.美术地，美学地Aforementioned adj.上述的，前面提到的Agility n.灵活，便捷 Ai 人工智能 Air gap 气隙 Aircraft n.飞行器 Airgap=air gap 气隙 Air-to-close（AC）adj.气关的 Air-to-open（AO）adj.气开的 Albeit conj.虽然Algebraic equation 代数方程Alignment n.组合 All-electricrange全电动 行驶里程 Alleviate v.减轻，缓和 Allowance for finish 加 工余量 Alloy n.合金 Alnico n.铝镍钴合金，铝 镍钴永磁合金 Aloft adv.高高地 Alphanumeric adj.字母 数字混合的 Alternative n.可供选择 的办法 Altitude n.海拔 Aluminum n.铝 Amortisseur n.阻尼器 Amplifier n.放大器 Amplify v.放大 Amplitude n.振幅 Answeringmachine电话 答录机 Anthropomorphically adv. 拟人的 Anti-aliasfilter抗混叠滤 波器 Antilockbrakingsystem 防抱死系统 APICS=AmericanProduct ionandInventoryControl Society美国生产与库存 管理学会 Apparatus n.一套仪器， 装置 Application n.应用（程序） Approach n.途径，方法； 研究 Aptness n.恰当 Arbitrary adj.任意的 Arbitrary adj.任意的 Architecture n.架构 Architecture n.体系结构 Archive v.存档 Argument n.辐角，相位 Arithmetic-logic unit 算 术逻辑部件 Armature n.电枢，衔铁， 加固 Arrival angle 入射角 Arrival point 汇合点 Artificial intelligence 人 工智能 Artillery shell 炮弹 ASIC=ApplicationSpecific IntegratedCircuit特定用 途集成电路 Assembly n.装置，构件 Assemblyline装配生产 线 Assumption n.假设 Asymmetric adj.不对称 的 Asymptote n.渐近线 Asymptotically stable 渐近稳定 Asynchronous adj.异步 的 At rest 处于平衡状态 At the most 至多 Attached adj.附加的 Attain v.达到，实现 Attenuate v.减弱 Attenuation n.衰减 Attitude n.姿态 Attribute n.品质，特征 Audio adj.音频的 Auto-isolation n.自动隔 离 Automatictellermachine 自动柜员机 Autonomous adj.自治的 Autonomous adj.自治的， 自激的 Auto-restoration n.自动 恢复供电 Auto-sectionalizing n.自 动分段 Auxiliary material 辅助 材料 Axon n.轴突 Backlash n.齿隙游移 Bandwidth n.带宽 Bar code scanner 条码 扫描仪 Baud n.波特 Become adept in 熟练 Bench mark 基准点 Bias n.偏压 Bi-directional adj.双向 的 Binary adj.二进制的 Binary-coded adj.二进 制编码的 Biomass n.生物质 Biopsy n.活体检查 Bipolar adj.双向的 Bjt 双极结型晶体管 Blackout n.（大区域的） 停电 Bldm 无刷直流电动机 Block diagram algebra 方块图计算（代数） Boiler n.汽锅，锅炉 Boolean algebra 布尔代 数 Boost chopper 升压式 变压器 Bound v.限制 Bracket v.加括号 Break frequency 转折 频率 Breakaway point 分离 点 Breakdown n.击穿，雪崩 Breakover n.导通 Brush n.电刷 Buck chopper 降压式变 压器 Building blocks 积木 Buildingautomation楼 宇自动化 Bulky adj.庞大的，笨重 Part Ⅴ Sensors and Transmitters In a feedback control system, the elements of a process-control systemare defined interms of separate functional parts of the system . The four basic components of controlsystems are thesensors, transmitter , controller , and final control elements . Thesecomponents per form the three basic operations of every control system: measurementdecision, and action. Sensors and transmitters perform the measurements operation of control system. Thesensor produces a phenomenon, mechanical, or the like related to the process variable that itmeasures. The function of transmitter in turn is to convert the signal from sensor to the formrequired by the final control device. The signal, therefor e, is related to the process variable. Two analog standards are in common u se as a means of representing the range ofvariables in control systems. For electrical systems we use a range of electric current carriedin wires , and for pneumatic systems we use a range of gas pressure carried in pipes . Thesesignals are used primarily to transmitvariable information over some distance, such as to andfrom the control room and the plant .Fig .5 . 9 shows a diagram of a process- controlinstallation where current is used to transmit measurement data about the controlled variableto the control room, and gas pressure in pipes is used to transmit a feedback signal to a valve to change flow as the controlling variable . Fig .5 .9 Electrical current and pneumatic pressures are the most common means of information transmitter in the industrial environment Current signal The most common current transmission signal is 4 to 20 mA . Thu s , in the preceding temperature example, 20℃might be represented by 4 mA, and 120℃by 20 mA, with all temperatures in between represented by a proportional current . The gain is 略 That is , we can say that the gain of sensor/ transmitter is ratio of the span of the output to the span of input . Current is used instead of voltage because the system is then les s dependent on load . Voltage is not used for transmission because of its susceptibility to changes of resistance in the line . Pneumatic signals The most common standard for pneumatic signal transmitter is 3 to 15 psi . In this case, when a sensor measures some variable in a range it is converted into a proportionalpressure of gas in a pipe . The gas is usually dry air .The pipe may be many hundreds of meters long , but as long as there is no leak in the system the pressure will be propagated down the pipe . This English system standard is still widely used in the U .S ., despite the move to the SI system of units . The equivalent SI range that will eventually be adopted is 20 to 100 kPa. The two cases presented show that the gain of the sensor/ transmitter is constant over its completeoperating range . For most sensor/ transmitter this is the case; however , there are some in stances , such as a differential pressure sensor used to measure flow, when this is not the case . A differential pressure sensor measures the differential pressure ,h, across an orifice . This differential pressure is related to the square of the volumetric flow rate F . That is F2 ah . The equation that describes the output signal form an electronicdifferential pressure transmitter when used to measure volumetric flow with a range of 0～F maxgpm is汽车专业英语术语汇总(复习资料)
自动化专业英语复习资料
自动化专业英语常用词汇
《自动化专业英语》中英文翻译-中文部分
常用自动化仪表术语中英文对照
自动化专业英语试卷及答案
自动化专业英语课文重点句子翻译(精)
自动化专业英语部分课文与翻译
自动化专业英语全文翻译
仪表自动化英语
自动化专业英语复习资料
自动化专业英语单词
自动化专业英语PartⅤ-Ⅵ 课文原文内容
相关主题
文本预览