计算机英语(第2版)完整课后答案

《计算机英语（第4版）》练习参考答案Unit One: Computer and Computer ScienceUnit One/Section AI.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. Charles Babbage; Augusta Ada Byron2. input; output3. VLSI4. workstations; mainframes5. vacuum; transistors6. instructions; software7. digit; eight; byte8. microminiaturization; chipII.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. artificial intelligence 人工智能2. paper-tape reader 纸带阅读器3. optical computer 光计算机4. neural network 神经网络5. instruction set 指令集6. parallel processing 并行处理7. difference engine 差分机8. versatile logical element 通用逻辑元件9. silicon substrate 硅衬底10. vacuum tube 真空管11. 数据的存储与处理the storage and handling of data12. 超大规模集成电路very large-scale integrated circuit13. 中央处理器central processing unit14. 个人计算机personal computer15. 模拟计算机analogue computer16. 数字计算机digital computer17. 通用计算机general-purpose computer18. 处理器芯片processor chip19. 操作指令operating instructions20. 输入设备input deviceIII.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:We can define a computer as a device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output. According to the mode of processing, computers are either analog or digital.They can also be classified as mainframes, minicomputers, workstations, or microcomputers.All else (for example, the age of the machine) being equal, this categorization provides some indication of the compu ter’s speed, size, cost, and abilities.Ever since the advent of computers, there have been constant changes. First-generation computers of historic significance, such as UNIVAC(通用自动计算机), introduced in the early 1950s, were based on vacuum tubes. Second-generation computers, appearing in the early 1960s, were those in which transistors replaced vacuum tubes. In third-generation computers, dating from the 1960s, integrated circuits replaced transistors. In fourth-generation computers such as microcomputers, which first appeared in the mid-1970s, large-scale integration enabled thousands of circuits to be incorporated on one chip. Fifth-generation computers are expected to combine very-large-scale integration with sophisticated approaches to computing, including artificial intelligence and true distributed processing.IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:计算机将变得更加先进，也将变得更加容易使用。

《计算机专业英语》习题参考答案Lesson 1I.1. Operating System2. Fetch-evaluate-execute3. Front-side bus4. Dual-core processor5. Basic Input/Output System(BIOS)II.1. 指令是特定各式的二进制数列，它们对于每台机器都是唯一的。

2. CPU是中央处理单元的简称，每个字母分开发音。

3. 大多数计算在中央处理器中进行。

4. 双核是指一个处理器上有两个完整运算内核的CPU。

5. 处理器：是微处理器或CPU的缩写。

6. 集成电路：即芯片，是由半导体材料制成的一种电子设备。

III.1. F2. T3. TIV.1.ALU, CU, Register2.memory3.processor4.the CPULesson 2I.1.Static Random Access Memory(SRAM)2.Dynamic Random Access Memory(DRAM)3.Virtual Memory4.Physical Memory5.Level 1 Cache6.Level 2 Cache7.HDD access speedII.1.动态随机存储器之所以称为“动态”是因为它每秒钟被刷新数千次。

2.RAM：是计算机中存储操作系统、应用程序和当前正是用数据的地方。

3.ROM由计算机中一小块长寿命电池供电。

4.RAM缓存是由高速静态随机存储器构成的存储器。

III.1. F2. F3. F4. TIV.1. non-volatile2. compiler3. volatile4. DRAMLesson 3I.1. Motherboard2. PC Case3. Hard Disk Drive(HDD)4. Optical mouse5. RAM6. Mobile DiskII.1.PC是有很多组件构成的一个系统。

第7单元计算机网络和因特网第一部分听力和对话对话：搭建无线网络（目前，在Sophie的家里，她已将计算机直接连接到7调制解调器。

现在她想要用无线网络替换现有的有线网络，并且请求Henry和Mark帮忙。

）Henry：放松点，Sophie。

我保证安装比你想象的要容易得多。

简而言之只有4步。

Sophie: 真的吗？那该怎么做呢？Mark: 第一步是确保你拥有所需要的设备。

它们通常包括宽带互联网连接、一个无线路由器和一台带有内置的无线网络支持或一个无线网络适配器的计算机。

Sophie: 让我想想。

嗯，我认为它们现在齐全了。

那接下来怎么办？Mark: 下一个步是连接无线路由器。

关闭调制解调器之后，从计算机的背面拔掉网线，并且将它连入路由器背面的标有互联网、广域网或无线局域网的端口。

同时，网线的另一端应该连接到调制解调器。

Sophie: 那么，我怎么可以知道它们已经正确连上了？Henry: 那很容易。

要检查的话，接通并且启动调制解调器。

等待几分钟让它连接到互联网，然后接通并且启动无线路由器。

在一分钟之后，无线路由器中的互联网、广域网或无线局域网的灯是亮的，表明它已顺利地连接到了调制解调器。

Sophie: 嗯，还有其他的吗？Henry：接着，配置无线路由器。

你应该临时将计算机连接到无线路由器上没有被标为互联网、广域网或无线局域网的其中的一个开放网络端口。

然后，打开IE并输入地址和密码来配置路由器。

Sophie: 我怎样获得地址和密码？Henry: 可以在路由器附带的说明书上找到。

Mark: Sophie，在配置过程中你要特别注意三件事：无线网络的名称也就是服务区标识符、无线加密或者Wi-Fi保护访问，以及能够控制无线网络的管理密码。

顺便说一句，在配置完成之后，从计算机上拔掉网线。

[3]Sophie: 好的，我了解了。

Henry: 现在，我们进入最后一步，连接计算机。

Windows 7应该显示一个包含有可用的无线网络列表的无线网络图标。

《计算机导论》(第2版)习题答案参考计算机导论(第2版)习题答案参考Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers1. Define a computer and discuss its attributes.A computer is an electronic device capable of performing various operations and processes based on a set of instructions. Its attributes include the ability to input, process, store, and output information, as well as the capability to execute complex calculations and perform tasks.2. Differentiate between hardware and software.Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer system, including the central processing unit (CPU), memory, storage devices, input/output devices, and peripherals. Software, on the other hand, represents the non-tangible parts of a computer system, such as programs and data that can be stored and executed by the hardware.3. Explain the concept of data representation and discuss different numbering systems used in computer systems.Data representation refers to the way data is stored and processed by a computer. Different numbering systems include the binary system (base-2), decimal system (base-10), octal system (base-8), and hexadecimal system (base-16). Each system has its own set of symbols and rules for representing numbers and characters.Chapter 2: Computer Hardware1. Discuss the major components of a computer system.A computer system consists of several major components, including the central processing unit (CPU), memory, storage devices, input/output devices, and peripherals. The CPU is responsible for executing instructions and performing calculations, while memory stores data and instructions temporarily. Storage devices are used for long-term data storage, andinput/output devices allow users to interact with the computer system.2. Describe the functions and characteristics of the CPU.The CPU is the central processing unit of a computer system and is responsible for executing instructions and performing calculations. It consists of two main components: the control unit, which manages the execution of instructions, and the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which performs calculations and logical operations. The CPU's performance is determined by factors such as clock speed, cache size, and number of cores.3. Explain the different types of memory in a computer system.A computer system typically has two main types of memory: primary memory (RAM) and secondary memory (storage devices). RAM, or random access memory, is used for temporary data storage and is volatile, meaning its contents are lost when the power is turned off. Secondary memory, such as hard disk drives and solid-state drives, provides long-term storage for data even when the power is off.Chapter 3: Operating Systems1. Define an operating system and discuss its functions.An operating system is a software that manages computer hardware and software resources. Its functions include providing a user interface, managing memory and storage, coordinating the execution of applications, handling input/output operations, and ensuring system security and stability.2. Explain the difference between a single-user and multi-user operating system.A single-user operating system is designed to be used by one user at a time. It provides a user interface and manages the resources on the computer for the sole user. A multi-user operating system, on the other hand, allows multiple users to access the system simultaneously, sharing resources and executing their own programs concurrently.3. Discuss the concept of virtualization and its advantages.Virtualization is the process of creating a virtual version of a computer system or resources. It allows multiple operating systems to run on a single physical machine, enabling better resource utilization, cost savings, and improved flexibility. Virtualization also provides isolation between different virtual machines, enhancing security and system stability.In conclusion, this article provides a brief overview of the topics covered in the second edition of "Introduction to Computers." It includes explanations and answers to selected exercises, helping readers understand the fundamental concepts of computer science and technology. By studying these topics, readers can gain a strong foundation in computer knowledge and skills.。

课后参考答案unit 1〖Ex. 1〗根据课文内容，回答以下问题：1) It is primarily responsible for executing instructions.2) Through the monitor.3) All processors, memory modules, plug-in cards, daughterboards, or peripheral devices can be plugged in those sockets.4) The binary system is used.5) Through clever formatting.6) They are similar to each other. ROM only cannot be altered and does not lose its contents when power is removed.7) “Mouses”8) Floppy disks can be removed from their drives and hard disks can’t.9) Because it is faster than many types of parallel port.10) I/O Port.〖Ex. 3〗把下列句子翻译为中文：1）绝大部分计算机上键盘是主要的文本输入设备。

2）最常见的鼠标器顶部有两个按钮，左按钮是用得最多的。

3）Win 95 和其它操作系统让用户可以调节鼠标器的灵敏度。

4）有些系统向用户提供几种不同的光标显示方式供选择。

5）有些人用鼠标垫子提高鼠标球滚动的摩擦力。

6）右边第二个按钮通常提供一些不太常用的功能。

7）有些鼠标器厂家也为左撇子提供适用的鼠标驱动程序。

8）如今鼠标器是任何个人计算机用户图形界面不可分割的一部分。

9）键盘也包括某些标准功能键。

10）IBM兼容机为商用机（也可用于家庭）〖Ex. 4〗把下列短文翻译成中文系统前面板和普通键盘有专门控制键，用户可以使用这些控制键实现主要的多媒体功能：观相片、听音乐和看电影。

第10单元计算机安全与隐私第一部分听力和对话对话：使用杀毒软件（Sophie的电脑不幸感染了恶意的电子邮件附件。

现在，她正努力寻找一些措施，用来有效地治疗和保护她的计算机不受病毒感染。

）Mark：我认为杀毒软件在上网时是一个主要的措施。

Henry：是的。

我同意。

杀毒软件是这样一种实用程序软件，它能够寻找并去除病毒、木马、蠕虫和恶意软件。

它适用于所有类型的计算机和数据存储设备，包括智能手机、平板电脑、个人计算机、闪存、服务器、PC机和Mac机。

Sophie：你能否推荐任何有信誉的杀毒软件让我使用？Mark：没问题。

流行的杀毒软件包括Norton AntiVirus、Kapspersky Anti-Virus、F-Secure Anti-Virus、Windows Defender和Avast等。

Sophie：杀毒软件如何起作用？Henry：现代的杀毒软件在幕后运行，并且企图识别存在于设备内的作为下载、电子邮件、附件或网页的恶意软件。

查找恶意软件的过程有时称为扫描或实现病毒扫描。

要识别恶意软件，杀毒软件可以查找病毒特征值或实现启发式分析。

Sophie：当查到恶意软件后会怎样呢？Mark：当杀毒软件查到恶意软件后，它可以试图去除感染，将这个文件放到隔离区，或仅仅是删除这个文件。

Mark：尽管偶尔查不到，但是杀毒软件和其他的安全软件模块能够不断地删去感染设备的恶意软件。

要点是使用安全软件，但是进行额外的预防措施也很重要，如定期备份数据，并且避开靠不住的软件销售商店。

Sophie：我如何保证我的杀毒软件正在运行？Mark：杀毒软件往往是我们习以为常的数字生活的一部分。

我们假定它已安装并执行它的工作。

Henry：但是杀毒软件可能无意中被禁用。

它的配置可以被通过设法潜入设备的恶意软件所改变。

在试用或订阅到期后，杀毒软件会失效。

保证杀毒软件正确地执行也许需要用户定期的介入。

Mark：而且许多杀毒产品在任务栏或通告区会显示一个图标。

计算机英语课后练习题答案Chapter 11.1TTFFF1.G2. D3. A4. C5.E6.17. H8.F9. B 10. J1.hardware2. digital3. executes4. software5. modified6. Firmware7. users 8. disc 9. computers1.Inputs are the signals or data received by the system, and outputs are the signals or data sent from it.输入是系统所收到的信号或数据，输出是系统所发出的信号或数据。

2.Keyboards and mouses are considered input devices of a computer, while monitors and printers areconsidered output devices of a computer.键盘和鼠标被认为是计算机的输入装置，而显示器和打印机被认为是计算机的输出装置。

3.Devices for communication between computers, such as modems and network cards, typicallyserve for both input and output.计算机之间的通讯装置，例如调制解调器和网卡，通常起输入和输出作用。

4.The printer takes the information on your screen and transfers it to paper or a hard copy.打印机接收您屏幕上的信息并将其转移到纸张或硬拷贝上。

5. A modem is used to translate information transferred through telephone lines or cable.调制解调器是用来转换通过电话线或电缆传输的信息。

Answe‎r sUnit 1Part1‎Readi‎n g and Trans‎l atin‎gSecti‎o n AⅠ. 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. TⅡ. 1. C 2. C 3. BIII. (1) 这一开始带‎来了计算历‎史中可谓第‎一个真正的‎竞争标志，有助于刺激‎计算机更快‎更好的发展‎。

(2) 虽然昂贵，但是这些机‎器为计算机‎在普通家庭‎中使用开启‎了趋势。

Secti‎o n BⅠ. 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. F 5. TⅡ. 1. B 2. D 3. CIII. (1) 一级存储，或称内存，是临时保存‎等待被处理‎数据的计算‎机内部电路‎。

而二级存储‎，简称存储，是指那些永‎久性存储数‎据或信息的‎设备和介质‎。

(2) 将由DNA‎制成并能放‎置在一个单‎独的人体细‎胞中的一台‎生物学纳米‎计算机，将利用DN‎A作为它的‎软件，酶作为它的‎硬件，其具有分子‎大小尺寸的‎电路将只有‎通过显微镜‎才能构够看‎见。

Secti‎o n CⅠ. 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. FⅡ. 1. C 2. B 3. DIII. (1) 一个目前最‎先进的成本‎低于100‎0美元的处‎理器能够提‎供与20世‎纪80年代‎耗资超过1‎百万美元的‎巨型计算机‎相同的处理‎能力。

(2) 由于制造处‎理器所使用‎的小型化和‎新材料，计算机制造‎商可以将更‎多的硬件组‎件塞进机器‎，提供更快的‎处理速度和‎更大的数据‎存储容量。

Part3‎ Liste‎ni ng and Speak‎i ngListe‎n ing Compr‎e hens‎i on1. B2. A3. DOrigi‎n alRoadr‎u nner‎On the curre‎n t TOP 500 list of world‎w ide super‎c ompu‎t ers relea‎sed in June 2008, Roadr‎u nner‎, IBM's new super‎compu‎t er, is rated‎No.1, excee‎d ing IBM Blue Gene, the forme‎r No.1 on the list. IBM calls‎Roadr‎u nner‎the world‎’s‎first‎“hybri‎d”‎super‎c ompu‎t er. It combi‎n es 12,960 IBM Cell chips‎,which‎power‎Sony's PlayS‎t atio‎n 3 video‎game machi‎n e, with 6,948 dual-core AMD Opter‎o n chips‎and 80 terab‎y tes of memor‎y. It runs Red Hat Linux‎.Roadr‎u nner‎is bille‎d at the faste‎s t in the world‎, opera‎t ing at one petaf‎l op or one thous‎a nd trill‎i on calcu‎l atio‎n s per secon‎d. So, exact‎l y how fast is the super‎c ompu‎t er? IBM said the speed‎is rough‎l y equiv‎a lent‎to the combi‎n ed compu‎t ing power‎of 100,000 of today‎'s faste‎s t lapto‎p compu‎t ers - users‎would‎need a stack‎of lapto‎p s 1.5 miles‎high to match‎Roadr‎u nner‎'s perfo‎r manc‎e. It would‎also take the entir‎e popul‎a tion‎of the earth‎- about‎6 billi‎o n peopl‎e- each worki‎n g a handh‎e ld calcu‎l ator‎at the rate of 1 secon‎d per calcu‎l atio‎n more than 46 years‎to do what Roadr‎u nner‎can doin one day.IBM said that in the past 10 years‎, super‎c ompu‎t er power‎has incre‎a sed about‎1,000 times‎. Today‎, just three‎of Roadr‎u nner‎'s 3,456 tri-blade‎units‎have the same power‎as the 1998 faste‎s t compu‎t er. Now, a compl‎e x physi‎c s calcu‎l atio‎n that will take Roadr‎u nner‎one week to compl‎e te would‎have taken‎the 1998 machi‎n e 20 years‎to finis‎h.Dicta‎t i on1. twent‎i eth centu‎r y2. citiz‎e n3. mathe‎m atic‎a l4. early‎devel‎o pmen‎t5. caree‎r6. store‎d7. memor‎y8. opera‎t e9. elect‎r onic‎10. calcu‎l atio‎n 11. memor‎i es 12. manne‎r13. contr‎o l unit 14. calcu‎l atin‎g unit 15. contr‎o l unit 16. a piece‎of data 17. accor‎d ingl‎y18. advan‎c emen‎t19. archi‎t ectu‎r e 20. major‎i tyUnit 2Part1‎Readi‎n g and Trans‎l atin‎gSecti‎o n AⅠ. 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. T 5. FⅡ. 1. C 2. B 3. DIII. (1) 对于个人电‎脑，许多现代计‎算机中的主‎板是中央印‎制电路板（PCB），并拥有计算‎机系统的许‎多重要组成‎部分，为其他外围‎设备提供连‎接器。

Lesson1Text AII. Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese.1. external devices 1. 外部设备2. output device 2. 输出设备3. parallel device 3. 并行设备4. assembly language 4. 汇编语言5. block device 5. 块设备6. floating point 6. 浮点7. data stream 7. 数据流8. input device 8. 输入设备9. integrated circuit 9. 集成电路10. main storage 10. 主存III. Translate the following terms and phrases into English.缩写完整形式中文意义1. ALU Arithmetic/Logic Unit 运算器2. CPU Central Processing Unit或CentralProcessor Unit中央处理器3. CISC Complex Instruction Set Computer 复杂指令集计算机4. DSP Digital Signal Processing 数字信号处理5. EPROM Erasable Programmable Read OnlyMemory 可擦可编程只读存储器6. LED light-emitting diode 发光二级管7. MODEM MOdulator, DEModulator 调制解调器8. RAM Random Access Memory 随机访问存储器9. ROM Read Only Memory 只读存储器10. RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computer 精简指令集计算机IV. Fill in the gaps with the words or phrases chosen from the box. Change the forms where necessary.1. instructions2. devices3. concept4. consuming5. integrated circuits6. space7. fit into8. Information Age9. embedded computer 10.controlV. Translate the following passage into Chinese.计算机能够储存和执行被叫做程序的许多指令，这使其非常通用并不同于计算器。