大学英语的听力障碍及消除办法
语言是人类最重要的交际工具。在语言习得过程中，听是获得语言信息及语言感受的最主要途径。然而在大学英语的学习中许多学生对听力理解都失分过多。听力成为提高英语成绩的绊脚石。那么听力中有哪些影响大学生理解的障碍呢？如何提高学生的听力水平呢？这是所有英语教师积极探索的问题。要解决这一问题，首先要挖掘出学生在听力过程中存在的一些常见的学习障碍。
一、大学生听力障碍
（一）语音障碍
1.1连读。学生们往往辨不清所听的连读音而产生听力障碍。学生往往听不清楚前一个词的末尾音与后一个词的起首音紧密连接在一起而形成的读音。
1.2同化和简化。学生们常常把同化的音相互混淆无法分辨，因此由这些音组成的很多单词同学们也无法分辨清楚，从而产生听力的障碍。
1.3重音。重音是语调的基础，也是语言表达的主要手段之一。不同的重音，体现的是不同的词性、意思、强调或语气。重音分不清楚，就无法真正理解句子的含义。
（二）词汇障碍
词汇量少，词汇看的懂，听不懂，这些都是影响学生理解听力的重要因素。学生背诵的单词，一个地方看到认识，另外一个地方听到就不认识了，完全不能掌握词汇的含义。放在句子中也不能理解句子中的意思。还有一些冠词、介词、连词、副词、助动词等一些词汇，在很多情况下这些虚词在发音上往往是一带而过，这使同学在听力的语句理解上带来困扰。大学生多数是为了应付高考而学英语、记单词，也就是突击性的短期记忆，高考完后，大部分单词都忘记到脑后了。进入大学后，为了应付课程的考试，记单词也不是很积极，许多常用的单词对他们来说都很陌生，这就是指词汇量绝对数量的欠缺，当然也缺乏积极词汇量。“所谓积极词汇就是学生不仅认识，而且在口语
、听力和写作中能够灵活应用的词汇”。我们大多数大学生对英语词汇掌握只停留在认识的层面上，没有掌握词汇的真正涵义。
（三）文化背景障碍
“语言是文化的构成部分，每一种语言都是在其特有的文化背景下发展，语言不能脱离产生它的文化而独立存在，文化又具有鲜明的民族性，不同的民族有着各自不同的文化”。从其他环境文化中来的语言，也就是我们俗称的外来文化，
《现代大学英语听力2》听力原文及答案U n i t1U n i t1 Task 1 【答案】 A. 1) She wanted to see St. Paul’s Cathedral. 2) She was so surprised because she saw so many Englishmen who looked alike. 3) They were all wearing dark suits and bowler hats, carrying umbrellas and newspapers. 4) Because she had often read about them and seen photographs of them, who all looked as if they were wearing a uniform. 5) No, he didn’t. 6) He used the English saying “It takes all kinds to make a world”to prove his opinion. B. If all the seas were one sea, what a great sea it would be! And if all the trees were one tree, what a great tree it would be! And if this tree were to fall in the sea, what a great splash there would be!
Yesterday morning Gretel went to the City of London. She wanted to see St. Paul's Cathedral. She was surprised to see so many Englishmen who looked alike. They were all wearing dark suits and bowler hats. They were all carrying umbrellas and newspapers. When she returned home she asked Mr clark about these strange creatures. "They must be typical English gentlemen," she said." I have often read about them and seen photographs of them. They all look as if they are wearing a uniform. Does the typical English gentleman still exist?" Mr. Clark laughed. "I've never thought about it," he answered." It's true that many of the men who work in the City of London still wear bowler hate and I suppose they are typical Englishmen. But look at this." Mr. Clark picked up a magazine and pointed at a photo of a young man. "He's just as typical, perhaps. It seems as if there is no such thing as a 'typical' Englishman. Do you know the English saying 'It takes all kinds to make a world'? That's true of all countries-including England." “Oh, just like the poem ‘If All the Seas Were One Sea’,”Gretel began to hum happily. If all the seas were one sea, what a great sea that would be! If all the trees were one tree, what a great tree that would be! And if this tree were to fall in the sea, w hat a great splash that would be!” Task 2
四级听力技巧目录 １、四级听力技巧总结………… 2、短对话得补充场景………… 3、短对话听力得原则………… 4、短对话十大场景及一般思路……… 5、语段题得做提步骤…………… ６、语段题１0大解题原则………… 7、长对话十大类标志词…………、 四级听力技巧规律总结 (完整版) 四级听力得三个思路： 1．学习-—基于学生得角度,一定就是抱怨学习 ２．生活-—pooｒ，很穷。 StｕdeｎtＩD 学生证用于ｄiscｏunt 打折, bargain讨价还价 3. 学习vｓ生活——忙,忙于学习 （就就是说,解题从这三个思路出发,如果听不清题目说什么，就用这三个思路往上套） PａｒｔI 短对话 一．But 题型 形式：A:…… B:……，buｔ……、 重点听第二个说话人B说话,ｂｕt 后面所说得话为重点，出题点往往在ｂｕt后面。四级听力题中,But 后面得为重点得占95％，之前得为重点得占5％. e、g、(这题就是反例，考得居然就是buｔ之前得内容，不过这种情况很少出现得） A：I supｐose you’veｂｏuｇht ｓome ｇｉftｓｆorｙouｒｆamily、 B：Well, I've bｏught a sｈiｒt for myｆａther anｄtwo books for my sｉstｅr、Ｂut I’ｖe not dｅcidｅd what to buy foｒmy mother、Probａbｌｙsoｍｅjewels、 Queｓtｉon：Who diｄｔhｅmａn buy theｂｏok for? Ａnsｗｅｒ: Ｈｉs sistｅr、 二、场景题 （1）每一类场景，常考出题思路——用于解题 （２) 线索词 场景题选项特点: （1）介词结构iｎ/at somｅwhｅre （2）To do开头得（问得就是purｐｏｓe目得） （３) Dｏinｇ……／Ｔhｅｙ’ｒe dｏｉng……／Tｈey’re …ing、 （4） A anｄＢ(人之间得关系relaｔionship）ｅ、ｇ、Sｔuｄｅnts and ｔeａcher、 场景题提问方式: （１)wｈat （过去，现在,将来) （2）Wｈere ｉs tｈｅconversaｔion takiｎｇpｌａｃe?/Ｗhｅre dｏes tｈe conversatiｏn takｅplace？ （３) Wheｎis ｔhe coｎversaｔiｏn tａｋiｎg place？ （4) Wｈｏ-—>wherｅ(locatioｎ) 问人就是谁，可以从她所在得地方来判断。 各类场景（把各类场景容易出现得词给记住,选选项时往常考思路上靠）
大学英语四级听力技巧规律及常见词汇总结 四级听力的三个基本思路： 1. 学习——基于学生的角度，一定是抱怨学习 2. 生活——poor,很穷。 Student ID 学生证用于discount 打折，bargain 讨价还价 3. 学习vs 生活——忙，忙于学习 (就是说，解题从这三个思路出发，如果听不清题目说什么，就用这三个思路 往上套) Part I对话题 一.But 题型 形式：A:…… B:……，but ……. 重点听第二个说话人B说话，but 后面所说的话为重点，出题点往往在but 后面。四级听力题中，But 后面的为重点的占95%,之前的为重点的占5%。 e.g. (这题是反例，考的居然是but之前的内容，不过这种情况很少出现的) A: I suppose you’ve bought some gifts for your family. B: Well, I’ve bought a shirt for my father and two books for my sister. But I’ve not decided what to buy for my mother. Probably some jewels. Question: Who did the man buy the book for? Answer: His sister. 二. 场景题 1. 每一类场景，常考出题思路——用于解题 2. 线索词 场景题选项特点： (1) 介词结构in/at somewhere (2) To do开头的(问的是purpose目的) (3) Doing……/ They’re doing……/They’re …ing. (4) A and B(人之间的关系relationship) e.g. Students and teacher. 场景题提问方式： (1) what (过去，现在，将来) (2) Where is the conversation taking place? / Where does the conversation take place? (3) When is the conversation taking place? (4) Who——>where (location) 问人是谁，可以从他所在的地方来判断。
大学英语听力训练材料 Section A Directions： In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 11. [A] Fred forgot to call him last night about the camping trip. [B] He is not going to lend his sleeping bag to Fred. [C] He has not seen Fred at the gym for some time. [D] Fred may have borrowed a sleeping bag from someone else. 12. [A] Summer has become hotter in recent years. [B] It will cool down a bit over the weekend. [C] Swimming in a pool has a relaxing effect. [D] He hopes the weather forecast is accurate. 13. [A] Taking a picture of Prof. Brown. [B] Commenting on an oil-painting. [C] Hosting a TV program.
Unit 4 Task 1 【答案】 A. 1) They are farms that grow vegetables for city people to eat fresh. 2) It’s a farm that grow plants and flowers to sell. 3) They protect the plants from the cold in the winter but let them get plenty of light, so the plants can be grown all through the year. B. 1) canned, frozen 2) flowers, garden plants, home gardens, yards, window boxes 3) buildings, furniture, firewood 【原文】 Grain, vegetables and fruits are found on most farms. All of them are food for animals and people. Grain can be fed to animals just as it is harvested. But before people use them grains are usually made into flour or breakfast cereal. Bread, macaroni（通心粉）, and cereals（麦片）all come from grain. Tomatoes, beans, potatoes, beets（甜菜）, lettuce（生菜）, carrots and onions are field and garden vegetables. Can you think of any others Vegetables are good for people and for some animals such as pigs and rabbits. Farms that grow vegetables for city people to eat fresh are called truck farms. Truck farms are usually close to big cities. Each day hundreds of loads of fresh vegetables are brought to stores on the farmers' trucks. Without the truck farmers people in cities would not eat well. And without city people who eat fresh vegetables, the truck farmers would have no work. There are many kinds of fruit. Apples, pears, peaches, cherries, oranges, grapefruit, and berries are a few kinds. You will be able to think of other kinds that you like. Most fruit is grown on specialized farms. But many general farms have some fruit to use and sell also. Like vegetables, fruit is sold fresh in markets. But a large part of both fruit and vegetable crops is sent to factories to be canned or frozen. In warm parts of our country farmers grow cotton, rice, tobacco, sugar cane（甘蔗）, and peanuts. Specialized farms raise flowers and garden plants. They are sold to florists（花商）and to families for home gardens, or yards, or window boxes. A farm that grow plants and flowers to sell is called a nursery（苗圃）. Most nurseries have glass buildings, called hothouses or greenhouses. The hothouses are heated to protect the plants from cold in the winter but let them get plenty of light, so they can be grown all through the year. Some farms grow only trees. Some of these are Christmas tree farms. Others are large forests where trees are grown for their wood. The wood is used for buildings, furniture and firewood. Some tree farms grow only nut trees. Task 2 【答案】
单位代码 学号 分类号 密级 毕业论文 院（系）名称 专业名称 学生姓名 指导教师 年月日
Table of Contents In t ro d u ct i o n (1) Chapter1 Obstacle Factors in Listening Comprehension (2) 1.1Characteristics of listening materials (2) 1.2 Characteristics of the speaker's speech in listening materials (2) 1.2.1C h a n g e s i n s o u n d (2) 1.2.2 Intonation and the sequence of so unds (3) 1.2.3 Verbiage’s intherlude (4) 1.2.4 Tow different voice systems, RP and GA (4) 1.3 Di ffi c ul t i es on t h e p a rt o f l e a rn er s (5) Chapter2 Tactics to Resolve the Obstacles (7) 2.1 Li st eni ng and vocabul ar y (7) 2.2 Correlation of listening and reading (7) 2.3 To grasp the process of listening (8) 2.4 To focus on practical training (9) Chapter3 Tactics in the English Listening Teachi ng (11) 3.1 Changes in teaching pattern (11) 3.2 To select the listening materials (11) 3.3 Aims of listening practice (11) 3.4 Emotional problems of learners (13) C o n c l u s i o n (16) A c k n o w l e d g e m e n t s (17) B i b l i o g r a p h y (18)
Task 1 1) Man: I had the girls running in circles when I was in college、 Woman: I never knew you were the campus hero、 Man: I wasn't、I was the women's track coach、 2) Instructor: Mr、Jenkins, why are you late? Student: I guess because the class started before I got here、 3) Woman: Doctor, you have to e immediately—my baby swallowed some camera film! Doctor: Just calm yourself, nothing will develop、 4) Customer: Waiter, this water is cloudy、 Waiter: The water's okay, madam、It's just that the glass is a little dirty、 5) Woman: The bride wears white on her wedding day as a symbol of happiness, for this is the most joyous day in her entire life、 Man: Why does the groom wear black? Task 2 Catherine: I think firstly I find the French language, very melodic to listen to、It's very easy on the ear, and it almost sounds poetic、No matter what kind of mood the individual is in, who's talking, or what they're talking about, there seems to be a rhythm to the language、And it's rounded; there are no sharp, jagged edges to the language, so it's very pleasing to the ear、 Chris: I think the accent I really like is the Dane speaking English、They sound awful when they speak Danish, but when they speak English there's a beautiful, low, sensitive, very soft quality about it、 Donald: I like the way they bring their French pronunciation into English、They can't pronounce "h"s and they can't pronounce "th" properly、And I think that actually sounds very nice、Also I like the rhythm they bring French rhythms into English—nice, steady rhythms and I like that too、It's just it, it、、、whenever I hear a French person speaking English it sounds more gentle and more lyrical、 Lesley: I think the most attractive foreign accents for me are Mediterranean accents because they, if you like, import their own culture into the English accent and give it a lot of life that sometimes, that kind of—the gestures and everything that the English people don't have, so you get a beautiful mixture of the serious Northern European and the Southern European together、Susan: I like the Swedish accent because it, it makes me smile and the way it's spoken is so sing-songy that you can't help but smile when other people actually speak it、And it always makes you want to try and put the accent on yourself、 Task 3 The spelling and meaning of words are very interesting、But what's more interesting is the history of a word, or where it came from、Let's examine some of the words and see how they got into our language、 LUNCH Lunch perhaps es from an old Spanish word lonje, a slab of ham、We may also get our word from a form of lump, maybe a lump of bread, but whether lunch es from ham or bread, it meant a hunk of something to eat、 ATLAS An atlas is a strong man, and also a book of maps、The story of this word begins a long time ago in Greece、The ancient Greeks believed that their gods had once been a race of giants called Titans、The Titans fought with another group of gods called Olympians, and the Olympians won、Atlas was a Titan、He was punished for fighting by having to stand at the
大学英语考试听力高分技巧 第一招：相关保留原则 当选项中有两项表达意思相近时，那么正确答案必在这两项之中!这时只需稍微听一听对话，即可知答案，如果出现了双重相关，便可直接确认正确选项，只需听完对话加之认证一下即可! 典型例题： 4. A) Visiting the Browning。 B) Writing a postcard。 C) Looking for a postcard。 D) Filling in a form。 例题分析：B、C两项均含有a poscard ，B、D两项均含有写.。。之意，即B、C和B、D构成双重相关，即可得出B为正确选项! 本题听力原文： 4. M: What s the matter? You ve been sitting there for ages, just staring into space。 W: I told the Browning I d send them a postcard. Now I don t know what to say。 Q: What s the woman doing? 第二招：异项保留原则 当选项中出现有意思明显相反的两项时，那么正确答案必在此二项中出现!如果出现双重异项，那么即可判断出正确答案，异项保留原则在六级考试听力短对话中应用广泛! 典型例题： 6. A) She can t finish her assignment, either。 B) She can t afford a computer right now。 C) The man can use her computer。
Unit 1 Task 1 【答案】 A. unusual, whatever, escape, traditions, present, grey, moulded, shape, here B. 1) Students were forbidden to play games, to sing (except sacred music), to hunt or fish or even to dance. 2) When people went anywhere on a visit, the pretty English girls all kissed them. 3) Erasmus, Bacon, Milton, Cromwell, and Newton (or Wordsworth, Byron, Tennyson, etc.) 【原文】 My coming to Cambridge has been an unusual experience. From whatever country one comes as a student one cannot escape the influence of the Cambridge traditions---and they go back so far! Here, perhaps, more than anywhere else, I have felt at one and the same time the past, the present and even the future. It’s easy to see in the old grey stone buildings how the past moulded the present and how the present is giving shape to the future. So let me tell you a little of what this university town looks like and how it came to be here at all. The story of the University began, so far as I know, in 1209 when several hundred students and scholars arrived in the little town of Cambridge after having walked 60 miles from Oxford. Of course there were no colleges in those early days and student life was very different from what it is now. Students were of all ages and came from anywhere and everywhere. They were armed; some even banded together to rob the people of the countryside. Gradually the idea of the college developed, and in 1284, Peterhouse, the oldest college in Cambridge, was founded. Life in college was strict; students were forbidden to play games, to sing (except sacred music), to hunt or fish or even to dance. Books were very scarce and all the lessons were in the Latin language which students were supposed to speak even among themselves. In 1440 King Henry VI founded King’s College, and the other colleges followed. Erasmus, the great Dutch scholar, was at one of these, Queens’ College, from 1511 to 1513, and though he wrote that the college beer was “weak and badly made”, he also mentioned a pleasant custom that unfor tunately seems to have ceased. “The English girls are extremely pretty,” Erasmus said, “soft, pleasant, gentle, and charming. When you go anywhere on a visit the girls all kiss you. They kiss you when you arrive. They kiss you when you go away and again when you return.” Many other great men studied at Cambridge, among them Bacon, Milton, Cromwell, Newton, Wordsworth, Byron and Tennyson. Task 2 【答案】 A. 1) a) 2) b) 3) a) 4) c) B. 1) They usually wear black gowns—long gowns that hang down to the feet are for graduates, and shorter ones for undergraduates. 2) Women students do not play a very active part in university life at Cambridge, but they work harder than men. C. 1) meadows, green, peaceful, bending into, intervals, deep coloured, reflection, contrasts, lawns 2) peace, scholarship, peace, suggest, stretches, charmingly cool, graceful 【原文】 Now let me give you some idea of what you would see if you were to talk around Cambridge. Let us imagine that I am seeing the sights for the first time. It is a quite market town and the shopping centre extends for quite a large area, but I notice more bookshops than one normally sees in country towns, and more tailors’ shops showing in their windows the black gowns that students must wear—long gowns that hang down to the feet for graduates and shorter
Unit 7 Task 1 WA: I can't stand places like Beidaihe. M: No, nor can I. WA: Y ou know, where you have to share the beach with thousands of other people who are all tourists. WB: Oh, I don't mind that. M: Oh, I do. I never go to places like that. I like to get right away from all the tourists, go somewhere that's really peaceful, like an island or something, WA: Y es, so do I. WB: What's wrong with so many people? I like meeting people when I'm on holiday. I like places with a good night life, and plenty of men around, and ...well, you know, where you can have a good time... Landowner landlady renter lodger Task 2 Hello. Is that Oxford 40414? Y es, it is. Erm...I'm asking about the flat which was advertised in the local paper. Oh yes? Wonder if you could tell me how much the rent is per month, please?
大学英语听力考试技巧英语听力考试的时候有什么技巧【导语】以下是大的《英语听力考试的时候有什么技巧》，一起来看看吧！ 听力很广泛的，但如果是为了考试的听力，有许多的细节可以速成。 首先要做的是心理的准备： 1.从现在开始训练自己快速进入英语状态的能力。所谓的语感听感很大程度上依靠的是一种环境的哦。让英语布满你所在的环境就好了，不必每时每刻都那么刻意去听，当背景音乐也是好的。 2.学会有节奏的呼吸，和听力的对象在一个频率。呵呵那样你就不会觉得别扭。反而很舒服。这有助于你快速的进入状态。但最好你要有这样的意识。呵呵平静是无坚不摧的。 3.心理上要知道甚至可也暗示自己这不是别人的战斗，这是属于你的考试，你是不可以无动于衷的，在内心真正的在意的人是不会走神的。想一想那个把怀表煮着吃的牛顿。做事先做人，做人先正心。心态对了，路就走了一半了。
接着是考试时的准备 1.首先要确定你的物质准备是充分的，休息是充分的。 2.当考试开始后，要迅速的进入状态。要心无旁骛，专注于你自己的战斗就好。听听力的时候不妨闭上眼睛，这样可以阻断其它感官接受的信息，让自己自己关注于听力的本身。而且你也可以用左手放在左耳朵上，提高右脑接受的质量和效率。因为右脑半球更适宜语言。 3.深呼吸，调整好自己的心情不要太兴奋不要太激动。调整好自己的频率。 4.好好地快速的研究考试听力所能给出的所有材料，主动地进行预读和预判，因为给出的资料永远可以给你丰富的空间的。这将在很大程度上减轻你听力的工作量和压力。 5.迅速的用你长久以来的感觉和听到的内容，毫不犹豫的下决断，不要想着留到后来再解决。你心里不要犹豫要面对问题。要有取舍。
大学新编六级英语听力技巧 一、英语六级听力材料使用技巧 首先，要有效率的对待历年考试真题。 有的同学盲目地陷入题海战术，在个人做题技巧尚不成熟的时候 海量地做题;做题之后也欠总结，就马上又去做下一套题了。殊不知真 题有限，没有结合技巧的大规模做题会浪费同学们很多考前实战模拟 的机会。还有的同学习惯用真题去"磨耳朵"，即无时不刻地在耳边放 着真题录音。殊不知这样的学习习惯会使得你对于真题音频的敏感度 下降，导致考场上的精神不集中。所以，一定要在了解四六级听力出 题规律、做题技巧的基础上练习真题;做题之后要对于做错的题目反复 思索，找到你和准确答案的"思维差别"。 其次，要在做题之余做到泛听，提升适合纯正英语音频的水平。 一些同学希望在四六级听力考试中得到一个比较理想的分数，那 么提升对于自己的要求、用更具挑战性的音频材料训练自己的耳朵就 是必不可少的一步了。建议给位同学找到一些难度高于四级考试的音 频材料，用这些材料做泛听。当你能够跟得上且听得懂这些材料后， 你再面对四级听力的音频就会很自然地产生一种"以前沧海难为水"的 感觉。各位老师们建议各位参加四级考试的同学们能够试着去泛听六 级的音频材料;参加六级考试的同学们能够找老托福的听力段子，或者 慢速VOA 等等材料来进一步提升自己。当然，所谓"泛听"，也是要讲 究方法和效率的。要将"听"与练习记笔记、练习听写、总结知识点、 跟读模仿等等步骤紧密联系起来，才能使得泛听达到事半功倍的效果。 一言以蔽之，各位考生在备考四六级听力的过程中要善于应用各 种复习材料，善于将练习与各种命题规律、考试技巧以及良好的学习 方法有机的结合起来。只有这样，六级听力才能不再是影响各位考生 通过考试的短板。 二、英语六级听力三大提分技巧
第一部分 1.Woman: This is my family. I'm married. My husband's name is Bill. We have two children — a boy and a girl. Our little girl is six years old, and our little boy is four. Jennie goes to kindergarten, and Aaron goes to nursery school. My father lives with us. Grandpa's great with the kids. He loves playing with them and taking them to the park or the zoo. 2.Man: This is a picture of me and my three sons. We're at a soccer game. Orlando is twelve, Louis is ten, and Carlos is nine. All three of them really like sports. Orlando and Louis play baseball. Carlos is into skating. 3.Man: This is my wife June, and these are my three children. Terri on the right is the oldest. She's in high school. She's very involved in music. She's in the orchestra. Rachel — she's the one in the middle — is twelve now. And this is my son Peter. He's one year older than Rachel. Rachel and Peter are both in junior high school. Time really flies. June and I have been married for twenty years now. 4.Woman: This is a picture of me with my three kids. The girls, Jill and Anne, are both in high school. This is Jill on the right. She'll graduate next year. Anne is two years younger. My son Dan is in college. It seems like the kids are never home. I see them for dinner and sometimes on Saturday mornings, but that's about it. They're really busy and have a lot of friends. 第二部分 John: It's super, Mary. It's just what I wanted. Mary: Well, I know you said your old calculator was no good any more. John: Well, it wasn't that it was no good. It just wouldn't do all the things I need to do at work. And it certainly wouldn't remember telephone numbers for me like this one. Mary: I suppose you're going to start putting in numbers straightaway. John: I've put in one while we've been chatting. I've put in our solicitor's number. You know how often I need to call him on company contracts. Mary: So what others are you going to put in?