英语专业四级阅读理解题型分类解析

专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷33(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 5. READING COMPREHENSIONPART V READING COMPREHENSION (25 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.People traveling long distances frequently have to decide whether they would prefer to go by land, sea, or air. Hardly can anyone positively enjoy sitting in a train for more than a few hours. Train compartments soon get cramped and stuffy. Reading is only a partial solution, for the monotonous rhythm of the wheels clicking on the rails soon lulls you to sleep. During the day, sleep comes in snatches. At night, when you really wish to go to sleep you rarely manage to do so. Inevitably you arrive at your destination almost exhausted. Long car journey are even less pleasant, for it is quite impossible even to read. On motorways you can, at least, travel fairly safely at high speeds, but more often than not, the greater part of the journey is spent on narrow, bumpy roads which are crowded with traffic. By comparison, trips by sea offer a great variety of civilized comforts. You can stretch your legs on the spacious decks, play games, swim, meet interesting people and enjoy good food—always assuming, of course, that the sea is calm. If it is not, and you are likely to get seasick; no form of transport could be worse. Even if you travel in ideal weather, sea journeys take a long time. Relatively few people are prepared to sacrifice up to a third of their holidays for the pleasure of traveling on a ship. Airplanes have the reputation of being dangerous and expensive. But nothing can match them for speed and comfort. Traveling at a height of 30,000 feet, far above the clouds, and at over 500 miles an hour is an exhilarating experience. For a few hours, you settle back in a deep armchair to enjoy the flight. The real escapist can watch a free film show and sip champagne on some services. But even when such refinements are not available, there is plenty to keep you occupied. An airplane offers you an unusual and breathtaking view of the world. You soar effortlessly over high mountains and deep valleys. You really see the shape of the land. If the landscape is hidden from the view, you can enjoy the extraordinary sight of unbroken cloud plains that stretch out for miles before you, while the sun shines brilliantly in a clear sky. The journey is so smooth that there is nothing to prevent you from reading or sleeping. However you decide to spend your time, one thing is certain: you will arrive at your destination fresh and uncrumpled.1．The author indicates that reading can help lessenA．the boredom of being in the train.B．the tiresome clicking of the wheels.C．the sleeplessness during the journey.D．the poor ventilation of the compartment.正确答案：A解析：第1段第4句表明阅读is a partial solution，这表明阅读有助于解决一些问题，而该段第2句和第3句都提到的坐长途火车会让人觉得烦闷，由此可见，本题答案应为A。

相信大家都应该有体会，上了大学，除了学好专业课和谈恋爱外，有不少重要的大型考试也是需要我们注意的！比如英语四六级、计算机二级什么的。

经常看到有人抱怨英语四级难，那话不多说，这不巧了吗？我四级不光是一次过的，而且阅读拿了218分，说起来，对阅读还是有些复习心得的。

那今天就给大家分享一些四级阅读理解技巧的干货！在进入正题之前，先给大家看一下英语四级考试题型及分值，见下图：由上图总结一下，英语四级阅读的各题型及分值为：①选词填空占5%，共有10个小题，每小题3.55分。

②长篇阅读占10%，共有10个小题，每小题7.1分。

③仔细阅读占20%，共有10个小题，每小题14.2分。

接下来给想要过级的小伙伴讲一下一下复习资料和做题技巧吧！首先是推荐的复习资料：词汇书——闪过英语《四级词汇闪过》真题书——巨微英语《四级真题逐句精解》建议利用2个月时间把词汇好好的过一遍，打个基础，单词要掌握好哦！如果你觉得备考时间比较紧张的话，建议你们记重点词汇就行，很省时间。

我当时用的单词书是闪过英语《四级词汇闪过》，里面的单词是按照考频划分的频考词、基础词、偶考词和超纲词，重点词汇是频考词，其他词汇过一遍，保证考试时有个印象就差不多了。

然后听到很多人觉得四级的阅读太难，那学姐后面就根据每个题型给大家分享下具体的英语四级阅读理解技巧吧，建议收藏哟！1、选词填空篇（1）先给选项标注词性。

注意部分单词会出现多个词性的情况，一般考四大词性：名词、动词、形容词、副词，副词只有2-3空，形容词2-5空。

（2）再根据空格前后的单词判断空格的词性。

（3）最后结合词性和上下文意思，确定所填单词，先从最明显的副词（-ly结尾）开始填，用排除法做。

2、长篇阅读篇（1）先看题干，标记出题干中的大写字母、带有连字符的特殊符号、名词及名词短语、形容词等，可圈出或划线标记出来。

（2）带着读题干时标记的内容，再去大致浏览文章，回到原文中去匹配，与题干中划出的关键词的匹配度越高，就是正确答案段落。

2007 英语专业四级阅读理解答案及详解(2)TEXT CI am afraid to sleep. I have been afraid to sleep for the last few weeks. I am so tired that, finally, I do sleep, but only for a few minutes. It is not a bad dream that wakes me ; it is the reality I took with me into sleep . I try to think of something else. Immediately the woman in the marketplace comes into my mind.I was on my way to dinner last night when I saw her . She was selling skirts. She moved with the same ease and loveliness I often saw in the women of Laos. Her long black hair was as shiny as the black silk of the skirts she was selling . In her hair, she wore three silk ribbons, blue ,green, and white. They reminded me of my childhood and how my girlfriends and I used to spend hours braiding ribbons into our hair.I don’t know the word for “ribbons”, so I put my hand to my own hair and , with three fingers against my head , I looked at her ribbons and said “Beautiful. ” She lowered her eyes and said nothing.I wasn’t sure if she understood me (I don’t speak Laotian very well).I looked back down at the skirts. They had designs on them: squares and triangles and circles of pink and green silk. They were very pretty. I decided to buy one of those skirts, and I began to bargain with her over the price. It is the custom to bargain in Asia. In Laos bargaining is done in soft voices and easy moves with the sort of quiet peacefulness.She smiled, more with her eyes than with her lips. She was pleased by the few words I was able to say in her language, although they were mostly numbers,and she saw that I understood something about the soft playfulness of bargaining.We shook our heads in disagreement over the price ; then, immediately, we made another offer and then another shake of the head. She was so pleased that unexpectedly, she accepted the last offer I made. But it was too soon. The price was too low. She was being too generous and wouldn’t make enough money.I moved quickly and picked up two more skirts and paid for all threeat the price set ; that way I was able to pay her three times as much before she had a chance to lower the price for the larger purchase. She smiled openly then, and, for the first time in months, my spirit lifted. I almost felt happy.The feeling stayed with me while she wrapped the skirts in a newspaper and handed them to me. When I left, though, the feeling left, too. It was as though it stayed behind in marketplace. I left tears in my throat. I wanted to cry. I didn’t , of course.I have learned to defend myself against what is hard ; without knowing it, I have also learned to defend myself against what is soft andwhat should be easy.I get up, light a candle and want to look at the skirts. They are still in the newspaper that the woman wrapped them in. I remove the paper, and raise the skirts up to look at them again before I pack them. Something falls to floor. I reach down and feel something cool in my hand. I move close to the candlelight to see what I have. There are five long silk ribbons in my hand, all different colors. The woman in the marketplace! She has given these ribbons to me!There is no defense against a generous spirit, and this time I cry, and very hard, as if I could make up for all the months that I didn’t cry.89. According to the writer, the woman in the marketplace ____B____ .A. refused to speak to her.B. was pleasant and attractive.C. was selling skirts and ribbons.D.recognized her immediately.解析：B。

2016英语专业四级考试阅读理解试题及参考答案（4）For a long time, researchers have tried to nail down just what shapes us--or what, at least,shapes us most. And over the years, they've had a lot of exclamation moments. First it was ourparents, particularly our mothers. Then it was our genes. Next it was our peers, who show up lastbut hold great sway. And all those ideas were good ones--but only as far as they went.Somewhere, there was a sort of temperamental dark matter exerting an invisible gravitationalpull of its own. More and more, scientists are concluding that this unexplained force is our siblings.From the time we are born, our brothers and sisters are our collaborators and co-conspirators, our role models and cautionary tales. They are our scolds, protectors, goads,tormentors, playmates, counselors, sources of envy, objects of pride. They teach us how toresolve conflicts and how not to; how to conduct friendships and when to walk away from them.Sisters teach brothers about the mysteries of girls; brothers teach sisters about the puzzle of boys.Our spouses arrive comparatively late in our lives; our parents eventually leave us. Our siblingsmay be the only people we'll ever know who truly qualify as partners for life. "Siblings," says familysociologist Katherine Conger, "are with us for the whole journey."Within the scientific community, siblings have not been wholly ignored, but research has beenlimited mostly to discussions of birth order.Older sibs were said to be strivers;younger onesrebels;middle kids the lost souls.The stereotypes were broad，if not entirely untrue，and therethe discussion mostly ended.But all that’s changin9.At research centers in the U.S.，Canada，Europe andelsewhere，investigators are launching a wealth of new studies into the sibling dynamic，lookingat ways brothers and sisters steer one another int0—or awayfrom--risky behavior how they forma protective buffer(减震器)against family upheaval;how they educate one another about theopposite sex;how all siblings compete for family recognition and come to terms--or blows--oversuch impossibly charged issues as parental favoritism.From that research，scientists are gaining intriguing insights into the people we become asadults.Does the manager who runs a harmonious office call on the peacemaking skills learned inthe family playroom? Does the student struggling with a professor who plays favorites summonup the coping skills acquired from dealing with a sister who was Daddy’s girl? Do husbands andwives benefit from the inter —gender negotiations they waged when their most important partnerswere their sisters and brothers? All that is under investigation.“Siblings have just been off theradar screen until now，”says Conger.But today serious work is revealing exactly how ourbrothers and sisters influence us.1.The beginning of the passage indicates thatA.researchers have found out what shapes us.B.our peer is the last factor influencing us.C.what researchers found contributes in a limited way.D.what researchers found is good and trustworthy.2.In the third paragraph, the author tries to demonstrate that our siblingsA.offer us much useful information.B.have great influences on us.C.are the ones who love us completely.D.accompany us throughout our life.3.In scientific community, previous research on siblingsA.mostly focused on the sibling order.B.studied the characteristics of the kids.C.studied the matter in a broad sense.D.wasn’t believable and the discussion ended.4.Which of the following is NOT sibling dynamic?A.A brother cautions his sister against getting into trouble.B.Sisters have quarrels with each other.C.Siblings compete for parental favoritism.D.Older kids in a family try hard to achieve.5.From the last paragraph，we can conclude thatA.managers learned management skills from the family playroom.B.spouses learnednegotiation skills from their siblings.C.studies on siblings are under the way。

专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷56(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 5. READING COMPREHENSIONPART V READING COMPREHENSION (25 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.Climbing to the top of my nearest hill in San Francisco, my purpose is not to enjoy the view but to experience a bit of fresh air and nature. Some birds dwell in these urban islands of trees, bushes and soil. So few people are there, but they are happy, relaxed and friendly(unless insane and out to rob). I find the view of San Francisco Bay and the metropolis most disturbing, seeing in all directions the industrial activity and oil-fueled trade of questionable imported products. Massive port facilities dwarf the human scale of sustainable import/export. A very small number of sailboats for pleasure can’t quite offer a vision of renewable-energy travel and exchange. Passenger planes take off, military jets show off their ear-splitting capabilities, all against the backdrop of polluted air that is warming in general thanks to commercial activity and the mindless consumption by the individual. The hills are full of roads and energy-wasting houses. It’s not like this everywhere; the hills around Kyoto are pitch black at night, for they consist of forest, trails and small, outdoor temples. Seven million people surround me in this metropolitan area. Those among them who really care whether Barry Bonds used steroids to hit baseballs, or what pregnant celebrity has checked into a drug rehabilitation facility, are not likely to be trying to live lightly on the planet. Normal citizens under the spell of mass media want to consume, and be given answers and easy fixes. They may get what they want tonight, and again, and again, but it will come to an abrupt end, and will people pick up a shovel to plant food or pick up the gun to take others’ food? That depends on the area affected, the culture(urban U.S. or otherwise), and population size. Why should I be disturbed by what I see now, when all is basically calm? Or feel uneasy as I stroll about in the safety of my comfortable home? Is not San Francisco and the surrounding area a great city, with many wonderful people and activities to appreciate? What about the noble struggles of valiant, compromised hard-working people, or the dysfunctional and disabled folk who are really kind? The social injustice that is still pervasive, in our boastful age of scientific and technological power, is outrageous and occupies many of the best hearts and minds in the world who live in our very midst. Much of what ails people, it is thought, is that they do not have enough cheap, affordable energy or material things that are supposed to both satisfy and uplift. More public funds for health care, through an end to costly, imperialist wars, would be the ticket to a healthy society, in the eyes of more and more. Except, that selfless aspiration is becoming clouded with the uncertainty and fright growing around ourawakening to climate change. In the buzzing Bay Area and every other large and small city, we are behaving as if there is no threat to the climate and thus our future survival as a species. Just looking around at the unceasing traffic, it is clear that basic, radical but easy solutions are being kept on the shelf or buried. Tiny changes, usually just initiatives that don’t threaten the current life style(e.g., different engines), are called “green”. Green this and green that. But the big “greening”will be the rediscovery of community and working with others as if our survival depends on our collaboration as equals. Our bosses and political leaders have been as useful in the needed transition as—to borrow an expression from my late father—tits on a bull.1．What do the “few people” do on top of the hill?A．They are the rich residents of the city.B．They are there to enjoy the natural beauty.C．They are attracted by the view of San Francisco Bay.D．They attack the tourists and rob them.正确答案：B解析：根据第1段第3句的happy，relaxed and friendly及第1、2句的内容可以推断这些few people和作者一样上山是为了呼吸新鲜空气和亲近自然的，由此看来，B与原文内容最接近，选B。

定位关键信息后，注 意筛选与问题无关的 信息。
回原文寻找与问题相 关的关键信息，注意 时间、数字、人物等 细节。
提炼答案要点
提炼关键信息，注意信息的逻辑性和 条理性。
注意答案的简洁性，避免冗长和重复。
避免直接引用原文，而是用自己的语 言概括要点。
语言简练准确
使用简练的语言表达答案，避 免过多的修饰和解释。
模拟练习
01
模拟题来源
模拟练习题可以由专业教师或考试机构编写，旨在模拟真实考试情境，
帮助考生熟悉题型和提高应试能力。
02
题目难度
模拟练习题的难度应与真题相当，既要包含基础题，也要有一定难度的
挑战题，以全面检验考生的阅读能力和应试技巧。
03
答题反馈
考生在完成模拟练习后，应得到及时的答题反馈，包括答案解析和得分
阅读理解能力提升
总结词
阅读理解能力的提升需要考生进行大量的阅读练习。
详细描述
考生可以选择各类英文文章进行阅读，如新闻报道、小说、科普文章等，通过 不断的练习，提高阅读速度和理解能力。同时，考生应注重培养对文章结构和 逻辑关系的把握能力，以便更好地解答简答题。
答题速度与准确率训练
总结词
答题速度和准确率是考试中非常重要的因素，需要进行有针对性的训练。
专四新题型-阅读简 答题
目录
• 简答题题型概述 • 简答题解题技巧 • 常见错误类型及应对策略 • 真题解析与模拟练习 • 备考建议与展望
01
简答题题型概述
题型特点
01
02
03
题干简短
简答题的题干通常比较简 短，只给出问题，不提供 具体信息或上下文。
答案明确
简答题的答案通常比较明 确，要求考生直接回答问 题，不绕弯子。

专四阅读常考类型 引导语：为了帮助大家更好的备考专业英语四级考试，应届毕业培训网整理了一些专四阅读常考题型，以供大家参考学习。 一、主旨类 实考真题 In an article some Chinese scholars are described as being “tantalized by the mysterious dragon bone hieroglyphics.” Tantalized is one of many English words that have their origins in myths and legends of the past (in this case, Greek and Roman ones). The meaning of the verb tantalize is a very particular one: “to promise or show something desirable to a person and then take it away; to tease by arousing hope.” Many (but not all) English dictionaries give you a brief indication of a word’s origins in brackets before or after the explanation of the meaning. For tantalize the following explanation is given: [> Tantalus]. This means that you should look up the name Tantalus to fi nd out the word’s origins, and if you do, you will find out that in Greek mythology, Tantalus was a king who was punished in the lower world with eternal hunger and thirst; he was put up to his chin in water that always moved away when he tried to drink it and with fruit on branches above him placed just a little bit out of his reach. Can you see why his name was changed into a verb meaning “to tease or torment by arousing desire”? Another example is the word siren, familiar to us as the mechanical device that makes such an alarming sound when police cars, ambulances, or fi re engines approach. This word also has its origins in Greek mythology. The traveler Odysseus (Ulysses to the Romans) made his men plug their ears so that they wouldn’t hear the dangerous voices of the sirens, creatures who were half bird and half woman and who lured sailors to their deaths on sharp rocks. So the word came to be associated both with a loud sound and with danger! When someone speaks of a “jovial mood” or a “herculean effort”, he or she is using words with origins in mythology. Look these words up to fi nd their meaning and relationship to myths. Many common words, such as the names for the days of the week and the months of the year, also come from mythology. Wednesday derives from the ancient Norse king of the gods, Woden, and Thursday was originally Thor’s day, in honour of Thor, the god of thunder. As a matter of fact, all the planets, except the one we live on, bear names that come from Roman mythology, including the planet that is farthest away from the sun and for that reason was called after the Roman god of the dead. This god has also given his name to one of the chemical elements. Several other elements have names that come from mythology, too. It seems that myths and legends live on in the English language. 89. Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage? A. Greek and Roman Mythology in Language. B. Mythological Origins of English Words. C. Historical Changes in Word Meanings. D. Mythology and Common Words. 解析：答案B。主旨类。作者以“tantalize”，“siren”，“jovial mood”，“herculean effort”等词或短语为例，阐述了英语里的许多单词都来源于神话和传说这一事实。 实考真题 The kids are hanging out. I pass small bands of students, in my way to work these mornings. They have become a familiar part of the summer landscape. These kids are not old enough for jobs. Nor are they rich enough for camp. They are school children without school. The calendar called the school year ran out on them a few weeks ago. Once supervised by teachers and principals, they now appear to be “self care”. Passing them is like passing through a time zone. For much of our history, after all, Americans arranged the school year around the needs of work and family. In 19th-century cities, schools were open seven or eight hours a day, 11 months a year. In rural America, the year was arranged around the growing season. Now, only 3 percent of families follow the agricultural model, but nearly all schools are scheduled as if our children went home early to milk the cows and took months off to work the crops. Now, three-quarters of the mothers of school-age children work, but the calendar is written as if they were home waiting for the school bus. The six-hour day, the 180-day school year is regarded as something holy. But when parents work an eight-hour day and a 240-day year, it means something different. It means that many kids go home to empty houses. It means that, in the summer, they hang out. “We have a huge mismatch between the school calendar and realities of family life,” says Dr. Ernest Boyer, head of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. Dr. Boyer is one of many who believe that a radical revision of the school calendar is inevitable. “School, whether we like it or not, is educational. It always has been.”

英语专业四级阅读段落结构在英语专业四级考试中，阅读部分是考生们需要着重准备和关注的部分。

了解和掌握阅读段落结构对于提高阅读理解能力和答题效率是非常重要的。

本文将介绍英语专业四级阅读段落的一般结构，以帮助考生更好地理解和应对考试。

1. 引言段（Introduction）引言段位于每个阅读段落的开头，用于引出文章的主题或话题，并提供一些背景信息。

引言段通常由1-2句话组成，用来吸引读者的注意力，并为下文的主要内容做铺垫。

2. 主体段（Body）主体段是阅读段落的核心部分，用来详细阐述和分析文章的主题或话题。

主体段可根据不同文章的结构和类型进行变化，以下为几种常见的主体段结构：- 递进结构（Progressive Structure）: 采用时间或空间的顺序，按照从前到后或从左到右的方式组织内容。

这种结构常出现在叙述性文章中。

- 对比结构（Comparative Structure）: 通过对比两个或多个事物的相似和差异来进行分析，以展示作者的观点和观点支持。

这种结构常出现在议论性文章中。

- 问题-答案结构（Question-Answer Structure）: 将文章主题以问题的形式提出，并通过后续内容给出答案或解决方案。

这种结构常出现在说明性文章中。

- 因果结构（Cause-Effect Structure）: 阐述某个事件或现象的原因和结果，以展示因果关系。

这种结构常出现在分析性文章中。

3. 结论段（Conclusion）结论段位于阅读段落的结尾，用于总结和概括主体段中的内容。

结论段通常由2-3句话组成，用来强调作者的观点或总结文章的主旨。

在结论段中，也可以提出一些展望或建议，以增添文章的深度和广度。

通过了解和掌握英语专业四级阅读段落的一般结构，考生们可以更好地理解文章的组织方式和逻辑关系，有助于提高阅读理解能力和找到正确的答案。

在备考阶段，考生们可以通过大量阅读和实践来熟悉和应用这些结构，同时也要关注文法和词汇的积累，以提高自己的语言表达能力。

四级考试题型详细介绍
四级考试（CET-4）是中国大陆高等教育自主招生考试中的一种，也是为英语专业学生所参加的全国性英语考试。

下面是CET-4考试的题型详细介绍：
1. 听力部分（Listening）
听力部分分为两个部分：短对话和长对话。

短对话通常包含
两个人的简短对话，考生需要根据对话内容选择最佳的答案。

长对话一般是一个较长的对话，考生需要根据对话内容回答问题。

2. 阅读部分（Reading）
阅读部分分为三个部分：短文理解、中长篇阅读和短文填空。

短文理解是阅读一篇短文，根据问题选择正确的答案。

中长篇阅读是阅读一篇长一些的文章，根据问题选择正确的答案。

短文填空是阅读一篇短文，根据文章内容选择正确的词语填入空格。

3. 写作部分（Writing）
写作部分分为两个部分：作文和翻译。

作文要求考生根据题
目要求写一篇150-200字的文章。

翻译要求考生翻译一篇英语
短文为中文。

4. 词汇和语法部分（Vocabulary and Grammar）
词汇和语法部分主要测试考生对英语词汇和语法的掌握情况。

题型包括选择最佳答案、填入正确的词语和句子改错等。

总体来说，CET-4考试要求考生具备听力、阅读、写作和语法词汇方面的基本能力。

考生需要具备一定的英语听说读写能力，对词汇和语法知识掌握扎实。

备考时可以利用专门的考试辅导书籍和模拟题进行练习，积累常见的词汇和表达方式，提高自己的英语水平。

2005年英语专业四级阅读理解答案及解析TEXT AIt was 1961 and I was in the fifth grade. My marks in school were miserable and, the thing was, I didn't know enough to really care. My older brother and I lived with Mom in a dingy (dark and dirty 又黑又脏的；昏暗的；肮脏的adjective: squalid, grimy, dim) multi-family house in Detroit. We watched TV every night The background noise of our lives was gunfire and horses' hoofs from "Wagon Train (a long line of wagons and horses, used by people travelling west in N America in the 19th century （19 世纪美国人向西部迁移的）马拉篷车队)" or "Cheyenne (夏安族人a member of a North American Indian people living on the western plains)" , and laughter from " I Love Lucy" or " Mister Ed". After supper, we'd sprawl on Mom's bed and stare for hours at the tube.But one day Mom changed our world forever. She turned off the TV. Our mother had only been able to get through third grade. But she was much brighter and smarter than we boys knew at the time. She had noticed something in the suburban houses she cleaned—books. So she came home one day , snapped off the TV , sat us down and explained that her sons were going to make something of themselves. "You boys are going to read two books every week , " she said. "And you're going to write me a report on what you read. "We moaned and complained about how unfair it was. Besides, we didn't have any books in the house other than Mom's Bible. But she explained that we would go where the books were: "I'd drive you to the library."So pretty soon, there were these two peevish (easily annoyed by unimportant things; bad-tempered 爱生气的；易怒的；脾气坏的adjective: sullen, petulant, morose, testy, crabbed, pettish, fretful, grumpy, querulous) boys sitting in her white 1959 Oldsmobile (2000年通用汽车决定放弃旗下品牌奥斯莫比尔Oldsmobile) on their way to Detroit Public Library. I wandered reluctantly among the children's books.I loved animals, so when I saw some books that seemed to be about animals, I started leafing through (匆匆翻阅；浏览) them.The first book I read clear through was Chip the Dam Builder. It was about beavers (an animal with a wide flat tail and strong teeth.Beavers live in water and onland and can build dams(= barriers across rivers), made of pieces of wood and mud. 河狸；海狸). For the first time in my life I was lost in another world. No television program had ever taken me so far away from my surroundings as did this verbal visit to a cold stream in a forest and these animals building a home.It didn't dawn on ((of an idea) to occur to somebody; to be realized开始（被人）理解，渐渐（使人）明白) me at the time, but the experience was quite different from watching TV. There were images forming in my mind instead of before my eyes. And I could return to them again and again with the flip of a page.Soon I began to look forward to visiting this hushed (of a place 地方quiet because nobody is talking; much quieter than usual 寂静的；宁静的; voices 嗓音speaking very quietly 轻的；低声的) sanctuary (noun: shrine, refuge, asylum, shelter, temple, sanctum) from my other world. I moved from animals to plants, and then to rocks. Between the covers of all those books were whole worlds, and I was free to go anywhere in them. Along the way a funny thing happened I started to know things. Teachers started to notice it too. I got to the point where I couldn't wait to get home to my books.Now my older brother is an engineer and I am chief of pediatric neurosurgery (小儿神经外科) at John Hopkins Children's Center in Baltimore. Sometimes I still can't believe my life's journey, from a failing (below acceptable in performance; "received failing grades") and indifferent (not very good 不很好的；一般的) student in a Detroit public school to this position, which takes me all over the world to teach and perform critical surgery.But I know when the journey began: the day Mom snapped off the TV set and put us in her Oldsmobile for that drive to the library.文章精析：本文是叙述文体裁。

专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷50(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 5. READING COMPREHENSIONPART V READING COMPREHENSION (25 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.Because of computers and cable television, the members of the audience will soon be more than watchers. They will be able to do more than choose their programs. They will also be able to give feedback on them. Two-way TV is not a dream. The hardware for such a two-way system already exists. One experimental group of cable-television watchers is called Qube in Columbus, Ohio. Qube has thirty channels. Members pay for what they watch. The choice of programs includes everything from sports to children’s shows, from TV games to anthropology. Most importantly, however, the viewers can talk back. A book-sized box of buttons makes it possible. For example, after a program, the announcer might ask for the opinion of the audience. The audience can respond by pushing buttons. An electronic signal goes to a bank of computers at the Qube station. Almost instantly, the data are analyzed, and the viewers see the results on their TV sets. A nationwide Qube system would have many uses. Government leaders could use it to get feedback from the people. It could even be used for voting. Furthermore, teachers in television classrooms could communicate with their unseen students. A television communication system would have a great influence on a country. For example, after a talk about a new product, an announcer could ask the audience for opinions. Would they buy the product? During a talk by a government leader, the announcer could ask the audience to talk back. The leader would know whether the audience believed him or not. The communication-computer system is possible because of glass. The same material that is used in windows can carry information. Glass strings as fine as hair are being used in telephone wires. One glass string, which now carries only telephone signals, could connect a house to a central computer bank. Many different kinds of information could also travel on it. All of the telephone messages, a number of TV shows, and computer services could flow through the glass at the same time. The home TV screen could act as a computer cathode ray tube. It could give any information that had been stored in it. For example, instead of an advertisement in the newspaper, a supermarket could put an ad on the computer. The person at home could ask the system for the ad, read it, and other groceries all at one time. The television set could connect a person to all other parts of the world.1．Thanks to computers and cable TV,A．there will be more audience than watchers.B．the audience will have more programs to choose.C．the viewers can do more than watching programs.D．the watchers will become listeners as well.正确答案：C解析：结合第1段第2、3句可以推断该句中的比较级more than watchers是想指出看电视的人不再被动地当watchers，他们还可以给与反馈，由此可见，C 是正确的说法。

阅读材料的题材分析 根据考试⼤纲的规定，四级阅读⽂章应当体现题材⼴泛的特点，但所涉及的背景知识应能为学⽣所理解。

纵观1997～　2002年全真阅读试题，在出现的近60篇短⽂中，涉及⼈⽂类题材的(包括⽂化、历史、教育、⽂学、风俗习惯、⾳乐等)共计　30篇，占总数的50%；社科类题材的(如社会学、⼼理学、经济学等)约占25%，其余为科普类短⽂。

　 上述统计表明，尽管阅读⽂章题材⼴泛，但从学科划分的⼤类分析，⼜表现为相对集中的特征，即学⽣较为熟悉的⼈⽂类、社科类题材约占总数的3／4，⽽涉及⼀定科学常识、学⽣较为陌⽣的科普题材(如⾃然科学、⽣命科学)只约占总数的1／4。

由此可见，四级阅读篇章基本为常见题材，应在学⽣的掌握范围之内。

但应注意最近⼏年科普类阅读⽂章有所增加。

　 就体裁⽽⾔，虽然⼤纲规定了阅读短⽂体裁应体现多样化，但从历年全真题来看，体裁为议论⽂和说明⽂的短⽂占到将近90%，描写⽂也有⼀定的数量。

　 综上所述，四级全真考题题材与体裁分布特征明显。

在题材难度不⼤的情况下，考⽣可以集中精⼒探讨⼀下英语议论⽂和说明⽂的⽂体特征和论证⼿法，以培养正确的阅读和解题思路。

　 阅读材料的体裁分析 ⼀篇好的阅读短⽂应当⾃成⼀体(self-contained)，其中的观点和论据都应与主题或中⼼思想密切相关，即所谓形式上的衔接性与内容上的连贯性。

⽆论是议论⽂还是说明⽂，都有⼀个贯穿全⽂的主线：引论-本论-结论。

读者如果在阅读过程中始终把握这⼀主线，并且围绕主线判断细节与事实，那么⽆论什么样的提问，都可迎刃⽽解。

　 1.议论⽂的结构特征及论证⽅法　 议论⽂的⽬的是"说服"，即作者⼒图使读者同意并⽀持其观点，或驳斥某⼀观点。

⼀篇好的议论⽂必须具备以下基本的结构特征：(1)有⼀个有争议的观点；(2)有充⾜的证据；(3)逻辑性强。

掌握以上三个特征，读者在阅读某篇短⽂时⾃会有⼀个明确的判断并采取相应的对策。

专业英语四级（阅读）-试卷156(总分：30.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 READING COMPREHENSION(总题数：11，分数：30.00)1.PART V READING COMPREHENSION__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：2.SECTION AIn this section there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each question, there are four suggested answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：Americans often say that there are only two things a person can be sure of in life: death and taxes. Americans do not have a corner on the " death" market, but many people feel that the United States leads the world with the most taxes. Taxes consist of the money which people pay to support their government. There are generally three levels of government in the United States: federal, state, and city; therefore, there are three types of taxes. Salaried people who earn more than a few thousand dollars must pay a certain percen-tage of their salaries to the federal government. The percentage varies from person to person. It depends on their salaries. The federal government has a graduated income tax, that is, the percentage of the tax(14 to 70 percent)increases as a person's income increases. With the high cost of taxes, people are not very happy on April 15, when the federal taxes are due. The second tax is for the state government; New York, California, North Dakota, or any of the other forty-seven states. Some states have an income tax similar to that of the federal government. Of course, the percentage for the state tax is lower. Other states have a sales tax, which is a percentage charged to any item which you buy in that state. For example, a person might want to buy a packet of cigarettes for twenty-five cents. If there is a sales tax of eight percent in that state, then the cost of the cigarettes is twenty-seven cents. This figure includes the sales tax. Some states use income tax in addition to sales tax to raise their revenues. The state tax laws are diverse and confusing. The third tax is for the city. This tax comes in two forms: property tax(people who own a home have to pay taxes on it)and excise tax, which is charged on cars in a city. The cities use these funds for education, police and fire departments, public works and municipal buildings. Since Americans pay such high taxes, they often feel that they are working one day each week just to pay their taxes. People always complain about taxes. They often protest that the government uses their tax dollars in the wrong way. They say that it spends too much on useless and impractical programs. Although Americans have different views on many issues, they tend to agree on one subject; taxes are too high.（分数：6.00）(1).What does the sentence "Americans do not have a corner on the ' death' market" in Paragraph1 mean?（分数：2.00）A.Americans cannot monopolize the "death" market. √B.Americans do not have a secret place to keep from death in their life.C.Americans are not good at doing business in the "death" market.D.There is no such a place as a "death" market in the U. S.解析：(2).Which of the following is CORRECT about the percentage of the federal tax and the state tax?（分数：2.00）A.They have the same percentage.B.The percentage of the state tax is higher than that of the federal tax.C.The percentage of the federal tax is higher than that of the state tax. √D.It is not mentioned in the passage.解析：(3).Which of the following usages of the taxes is NOT mentioned in the passage?（分数：2.00）A.For raising their revenues.B.For public works and municipal buildings.C.For police and fire departments.D.For sustaining development. √解析：According to the American College Health Association's most recent annual national survey, 30 percent of college students reported feeling "so depressed that it was difficult to function" at some time over the past year. Nearly three fourths of respondents in a 2011 National Alliance on Mental Illness study of college students diagnosed with mental health conditions said they experienced a mental health crisis while in school. The Americans with Disabilities Act(ADA)and other federal disability laws prohibit discrimination against students whose psychiatric(精神病的)disabilities "substantially limit a major life activity" and mandates that colleges and universities provide them with "reasonable accommodations"—such as lower course loads and extended deadlines. Despite that very clearly stated law, dozens of current students across the country told Newsweek they were punished for seeking help: kicked out of campus housing with nowhere else to go, abruptly forced to withdraw from school and even involuntarily committed to psychiatric wards. "Colleges are very accustomed to accommodating learning and physical disabilities, but they don't understand simple ways of accommodating mental health disabilities, " says Professor Peter Lake, an expert on higher education law and policy who sees widespread fear and reluctance across the board to "promote diversity that encompasses mental disabilities and mood disorders." Lake often tells skeptics about a man who suffered from clinical depression and constantly talked about suicide: His name was Abraham Lincoln. "We don't want to remove these people, " Lake says. "We want to expand the definition of diversity to make sure they're included." Most lifetime cases of mental health conditions begin by the age of 24, and thanks to a variety of factors, including rising antidepressant(抗抑郁药)prescription rates and stigma reduction efforts, college students are more and more likely to ask campus counselors for assistance. The number of students seeking counseling for "severe" psychological problems jumped from 16 percent in 2000 to 39 percent in 2012; the percentage of students who report suicidal thoughts has risen along with it. "Schools should encourage students to seek treatment. But a lot of policies I see involve excessive use of discipline and involuntary leaves of absence, and they discourage students from asking for the help they need, " says Karen Bower, a private attorney who specializes in disability discrimination cases in higher education. "Ultimately, that makes the campus less safe. " Two large-scale studies found that around 10 percent of college student respondents had thought about suicide in the past year, but only 1. 5 percent admitted to having made a suicide attempt. Combined with data from other studies, that suggests that the odds that a student with suicidal thoughts will actually commit suicide are 1 , 000 to 1. "Thus, policies that impose restrictions on students who manifest suicidal thought will sweep in 999 students who would not commit suicide for every student who will end his or her life, " Paul S. Appelbaum writes in Law & Psychiatry: "Depressed? Get Out!" "Colleges don't want people who are suicidal around, so what's supposed to happen to them?" says Ira Burnim, legal director of the DC Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law. "We're going to lock them in a bomb shelter?" Kicking students off campus for mental health issues typically does more harm than good by isolating them from their support systems when what they really need is stability and empathy, he says. Moreover, it's often a completely unnecessary overreaction.（分数：6.00）(1).Students with mental disabilities might be punished in the following ways EXCEPT______.（分数：2.00）A.getting out of campus dormsB.dropping out of schoolsC.staying in psychiatric wardsD.prolonging academic years √解析：(2).Increasing college students turn to professional counselors for help because______.（分数：2.00）A.great efforts have been made to weaken the feeling of disgrace √B.it is encouraged to decrease the dose of medicineC.it is more economical for students without incomeD.mental health conditions become more severe than before解析：解析：细节题。

英语四级阅读理解习题附答案解析Of all the components of a good night's sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. Indreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. Acentury ago,Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguisedshadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by thelate 1970s, neurologists had switched tothinking of them as just"mental noise"-the random byproducts of the neural repair work thatgoes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind's emotionalthermostat, regulating moods whilethe brain is "off line." And one leading authority says thatthese intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought underconscious control, to help us sleep andfeel better. "It's your dream," says RosalindCartwright, chair of psychologyat Chicago's Medical Center, "if you don't like it, change it."he link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright's clinic. Mostpeople seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier onesbeforeawakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generatedduring the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with dailylife we don't always thinkabout the emotionalsignificance of the day's events-until, it appears, we begin to dream.And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exerciseconscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what isupsetting aboutthe dream. Visualizehow you would like it to end instead; the next time itoccurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learnto, literally, do it intheir sleep.At the end of the day, there's probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unlessthey keep us from sleeping or "we wake up in panic," Cartwright says. Terrorism,economicuncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people's anxiety. Thosesuffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us,thebrain has its ways of working through bad feelings.Sleep-or rather dream-on it and you'll feelbetter in the morning.练习题：Choose correct answers to the question:1.By saying that “dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat," Lines 4-5,Para. 1 the researchers mean that _______.A.we can think logically in the dreams tooB.dreams can be brought under conscious controlC.dreams represent our unconscious desires and fearsD.dreams can help us keep our mood comparatively stable2.What did Cartwright find in her clinic?A.Most bad dreams were followed by happier ones.B.Divorced couples usually have more bad dreams.C.One’s dreaming process is related to his emotion.D.People having negative feelings dream more often.3.Cartwright believed with much practice，we can learn to _____.A.control what dreams to dreamB.sleep well without any dreamsC.wake up in time to stop the bad dreamsD.identify what is upsetting about the dreams4.The author points out that a person who has constant bad dreams should ______A.learn to control his dreamsB.consult a doctorC.sleep and dream on itD.get rid of anxiety first5.The author most probably thinks that controlling dreams is ______.A.a good practiceB.a new discoveryC.helpful for everyoneD.not essential for everyone1.[D] 词义理解题。

-专四试卷概况-答题时间:约140 分钟一、听写(Dictation) 10分1. 测试要求:(a ) 能在全面理解内容的基础上逐字逐句写出所听材料(b ) 拼写和标点符号正确无误, 错误率不超过8%(c ) 考试时间10 分钟，分值为十分2. 测试形式:本部分为主观试题，所听材料共念四遍。

第一遍用正常语速朗读，录音语速为每分钟120 个单词，让学生听懂材料大意，第二三遍朗读时意群分句和句子之间留出约15 秒的空隙，让学生书写，第四遍再用正常语速朗读，让学生检查。

3. 测试目的:测试学生听力理解能力拼写熟练程度以及正确运用标点符号的能力。

4. 选材原则:(a ) 题材广泛体裁多样(b ) 听写材料难度以不超过规定为准(c ) 听写材料长度约150 个单词二、听力理解(Listening Comprehension) 20分1. 测试要求:(a ) 能听懂英语国家人士关于日常生活和社会生活的谈话，以及中等难度( 如TOEFL 中的短文) 的听力材料。

能理解大意，领会说话者的态度感情和真实意图(b ) 能听懂相当于V O A 正常语速和B B C 新闻节目的主要内容(c ) 能辨别各种英语变体( 如美国英语英国英语澳大利亚英语等)(d ) 考试时间约15 分钟2. 测试形式:本部分采用多项选择题，分三节:Section A，Section B，共20 题。

Section A: Talk 本部分由一个500 个单词的微型讲座( mini-lecture ) 和一项填空任务组成。

要求学生边听边做笔记，然后完成填空任务。

考试时间10 分钟。

本部分共10 道填空题。

Section B: Conversations 本部分由两个450 个单词的会话组成。

会话后有10 道多项选择题。

本部分每道题后有10 秒的间隙，要求学生听到问题后从所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，录音语速为每分钟约120 个单词，念一遍。

3. 测试目的:测试学生获得口头信息的能力4. 选材原则:(a ) 对话和短文中的部分内容与日常生活和学习活动相关(b ) 微型讲座和会话部分的内容与日常生活以及社会和学习活动相关三、语言知识( Language Knowledge ) 20分(a ) 掌握并能正确运用基本语法和句法(b ) 掌握认知词汇( 5500-6000 ) ，并且能正确、熟练地运用其中的3000-4000 个单词及其最基本的搭配(c ) 考试时间10 分钟本部分采用多项选择题，共20 道题, 每题有四个选项。

专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷192(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. It will initially be used only for robotic taxi services in restricted urban areas but should be available for consumers to purchase by the middle of the decade. (5) Ford’s newfound confidence in self-driving cars comes just as the technology’s pioneers are struggling to mature beyond this same gee-whiz enthusiasm. Google’s self-driving project, perennially (永久地) poised to be spun out into a separate company, recently lost key members, while Apple is rumored to have laid off dozens of engineers and scaled back its ambitious plans to build its own autonomous vehicle. (6) But other rivals still seem years ahead of Ford. Uber is beginning a driverless taxi pilot in Pittsburgh this week (albeit with a human safety driver), and startup Nutonomy is already offering robotic taxi rides in Singapore. To judge by Monday’s demos, on the other hand, Ford’s self-driving Fusions are still spooked (惊吓) by bushes growing too close to the road and paralyzed with indecision when confronted with pedestrians who may or may not be about to step off the pavement.(7) Its fleet of development cars, currently just 10 strong, looks thin compared with Google’s dozens of cars operating across the U. S. , or the thousands of autopilot-enabled Teslas gathering millions of miles of real-world data monthly. Ford aims to have 30 autonomous Fusions by the end of the year, and about 100 by the end of 2017. (8) But although Ford may appear to be lagging behind, it has been working quietly behind the scenes. Several self-driving startups, including Uber, Faraday Future and Autonomous Stuff, are already using Ford Fusions (or its near equivalent, the Lincoln MKZ) to develop their own technologies. “It’s the absolute best vehicle right now for testing self-driving,”says Bobby Hambrick, CEO of Autonomous Stuff, a company developing retro-fit automated driving kits. “There are no other carmakers that are so open to work through third parties like us. “(9) Fields also points to the multinational’s competencies in building and selling vehicles. “We’ve been working on autonomous vehicles for over 10 years,” he said. “And for 100 years, we’ve built high-volume product with quality and affordability. “(10) Fields finished his keynote address by predicting that autonomous vehicles will have as big an impact on society as Henry Ford’s moving assembly line did a century ago. He will be hoping that Ford will still be around to celebrate the centenary of the autonomous car.4．Ford’s strategies in line with the traffic-jammed world include all the following EXCEPT______.A．investing into some eccentric inventionsB．transferring its operation conceptionC．hastening its development of autonomous vehicleD．getting involved in some sharing projects正确答案：A解析：细节题。

专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷146(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 2.SECTION AIn this section there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each question, there are four suggested answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.(1)Glass making in Eastern Europe and Romania comes from the Murano style in Italy as most of the artisans studied glassmaking there. Up to the 13th century, European glassmaking was exclusive to Venice. But frequent fires prompted Venetian authorities to shift the furnaces to the island of Murano. (2)There has been a long history of making glass in Romania. Romanian glassmakers have successfully passed on this art for several generations and the craft continues to thrive in this part of Eastern Europe. In Romania, it is said that artisans only pass on the secrets of glass making to members of their family. More importantly, there is a rigid hierarchy in obtaining the coveted position as a glass blower. For example, a young man may take years before he can get to that stage within this strict hierarchy. (3)Romanian glass is comparable to any great piece of Eastern European mouth blown glass. And they are nothing like the ones that are made by machinery or inexpensive duplicates. Traditionally Romanian factories and glass studios manufacture clear glass utilizing pellets that are distinct and commonly found in Western Europe. And depending on the artisan, German pigments are popularly used for coloring or painting glass. The combination of this blend makes Romanian crafted glass truly a superior product anywhere in Europe. Though Romanian glasswork is normally not made from crystal, nonetheless, it carries a similar purity and shine. Glass products in Romania are not just great looking, they are also being produced to suit a host of lifestyles, from the traditional to modern and the line of products are guaranteed quality glassware that is both functional and decorative. (4)Romanian mouth-blown glassware is made by highly skilled artisans. They are very creative pieces with exceptional quality. They are also a prized collector’s item. Some of the work includes vases and bowls that are made as centerpieces as well as plates—the artisans who create these masterpieces learned their skills in Murano itself. (5)The contemporary glassware is not just placed in galleries to be on display, they also make great gifts, particularly wedding gifts, and decorations especially in restaurants, businesses and hotels. They can also be used as decorations while designing your home.1．What is NOT true about the glass making in Murano?A．It was originated from the glass making in Venice.B．It spread to Eastern Europe through Venice.C．The Romanian glass making comes from Murano.D．Glass making didn’t begin in Murano until after the 13th century.正确答案：B解析：根据题干中的Murano定位到第1段。