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动词不定式动名词用法归纳

动词不定式动名词用法归纳
动词不定式动名词用法归纳

动词的不定式与动名词的用法归纳

动词不定式

动词不定式:(to)+do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。

否定式:not + (to) 被动语态do to be done

以do为例,动词不定式的构成如下:

不定式的句法功能:

(1)作主语:

To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。

To lose your heart means failure. 灰心意味着失败。

动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置于句后,例如上面两句可用如下形式:

It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。

It means failure to lose your heart. 灰心意味着失败。

常用句式有:1、It+be+名词+to do。2、It takes sb.+some time+to do。3、It+be+形容词+of sb +to do。

careless,,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid, wise,等表示赞扬或批评的形容词,不定式前的sb.可作其逻辑主语。

(2)作表语:

Her job is to clean the hall. 她的工作是打扫大厅。

He appears to have caught a cold. 他似乎感冒了。

(3)作宾语:

常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语(不定式)后置,放在宾语补足语后面,例如:

Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. 马克思发现研究俄国的情况是很重要的。

动词不定式也可充当介词宾语,如:

I have no choice but to stay here. 我只能留在这里,别无选择。

He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike. 他上周日除了修他的自行车什么也没干。

动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用,如:

He gave us some advice on how to learn English. 他给了我们一些学英语的建议。

(4)作宾语补足语:

在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语:want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.

有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to 的不定式连用,但改为被动语态时,不定式要加to, 如:

I saw him cross the road. 我看见他横过公路。

He was seen to cross the road. 他被我看见横过公路。

(5)作定语:

动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后与所修饰名词有如下关系:

①动宾关系:

I have a meeting to attend. 我有一个会议要出席。

注意:不定式为不及物动词时,所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等,应有必要的介词,如:

He found a good house to live in. 他找到了一个居住的好房子。

The child has nothing to worry about. 这个孩子无忧无虑。

What did you open it with? 你用什么打开它?

如果不定式修饰time, place, way,可以省略介词:

He has no place to live. 他无处安身。

This is the best way to work out this problem. 这是解决这个问题的最好办法。

②说明所修饰名词的内容:

We have made a plan to finish the work. 我们制定了一个完成工作的计划。

③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语:

He is the first to get here. 他第一个来到这儿。

(6)作状语:

①表目的:

He worked day and night to get the money. 他夜以继日地工作来赚钱。

She sold her hair to buy the watch chain. 她卖掉了自己的头发来买那条表链。

注意不定式放句首时,逻辑主语与句子主语要一致:

wrong:To save money, every means has been tried.

right:To save money, he has tried every means. 为了省钱,他使出了浑身解数。

wrong:To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.

right:To learn English well, he needs a dictionary. 为了学好英语,他需要一本词典。

②表结果(往往是与预期愿望相反的结果意料之外):常放在never only后

He arrived late only to find the train had gone. 他来晚了,只见火车已经走了。

I visited him only to find him out. 我去拜访他,只见他出去了。

③表原因:常放在形容词后面

They were very sad to hear the news. 他们听到这条新闻非常伤心。(7)作目的状语:既可以放在句首,也可以放在句尾

To tell you the truth, I don't like the way he talked. 说实话,我不喜欢他讲话的方式。

(8)不定式的省略:保留to省略do动词。

If you don't want to do it, you don't need to. 如果你不想做这件事,你就不必做。

(9)不定式的并列:第二个不定式可省略to。

He wished to study medicine and become a doctor. 他希望学医并成为医生。

动名词的句法功能:

(1)作主语:

Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。

Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。

当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。

It's no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。

(2)作表语:

In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs.

在蚂蚁王国,蚁后的工作是产卵。

(3)作宾语:

They haven't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。

We have to prevent the air from being polluted.

我们必须阻止空气被污染。

注意,动名词作宾语时,若跟有宾语补足语,则常用形式宾语it,例如:We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。

要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语:

enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid(避免), excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit(承认),deny(否认), mind, permit, forbid, practise,

risk(冒险), appreciate(感激), be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help(情不自禁地), think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from),keep …from, stop…(from),protect…fro m, set about, be

engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like

一、不定式

1.“to” 是不定式符号还是介词,下列短语中的to 都是介词。

agree to object to close to , come to , lead to , refer to ,

equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to , devote to , next to , belong to , be used to , look forward to

2.带to 还是不带to

I have no choice but to give in

I cannot do anything but give in

I saw him enter the classroom .

(但是:He was seen to enter the classroom .)

3.动词不定式逻辑主语是由for 作为标记的。但是有时用of .

区别:当使用for时,句中形容词修饰的是不定式;而用of时,句中形容词修饰逻辑主语。

It’s necessary for you to study hard .(necessary 修饰to study hard,表示学习努力是有必要的)

It’s foolish of him to do it .(foolish 修饰逻辑主语him)

与of 连用的形容词有:

good, kind , nice , wise ,clever , foolish , right , wrong , careful , careless , polite , …

与for连用的通常是一些表示可能性、难易程度、必要性等含义的形容词:

possible,impossible,easy,hard,difficult,necessary,…

4.后接不定式作宾语的动词有:

want , hope , wish , like , begin , try , need , forget , agree , know , promise , teach , refuse , help , arrange , dare , decide , determine , fail , manage , offer , prepare , continue , ask , mean , choose , expect etc.

需要宾语补足语的动词不能用动词不定式直接做介词的宾语,而要用it做形式宾语。例如:通常不说We think to obey the laws is important . 而说We think it important to obey the laws .

5. 不定式作宾语补足语时省略to的情况:若不定式前的谓语动词是使役动词make,let,have(表示“让、使”)、感官动词see,watch,look at,observe,notice,hear,listen to,feel时,不定式符号to可以省略。这些动词亦可总结为口诀:“三使五看两听一感觉”。例如:

Let's (to)go!走吧!

He saw the thief (to)steal a lady’s cellphone.

注:改为被动句时要把to还原,例如:

The thief was seen to steal a lady’s cellphone.

6.不定式作定语,应注意两种关系:

1)动宾关系:

He has a lot of meeting to attend .

Please lend me something to write with .

He is looking for a room to live

He is looking for a room to live in .

He has no money and no place

to live ( in ) .

I think the best way to travel ( by ) is on foot .

There is no time to think ( about ) .

2)主谓关系:

She is always the last ( person) to speak at the meeting .

7.不定式作状语,可以有以下几种意义:

1)原因

He is lucky to get here on time .

这种结构中常用的形容词有:

happy , glad , delighted , pleased , sorry , eager , anxious . lucky , fortunate , proud , angry surprised , frightened , disappointed , ready , clever , foolish , worthy

2) 目的

He came to help me with my maths .

3) 结果

I hurried to get there only to find him out .

The book is too hard for the boy to read .

He is old enough to go to school .

8 . 不定式作补足语

I saw him play in the street just now .

能跟不带to 的不定式作补足语的动词有:

see , feel , hear , listen to , look at , watch , let , have make, observe, notice

注: 当这些词为被动式时,不定式要带to , 如:

He was seen to play in the street just now.

二.动名词

1.There’s no telling what will happen .

=It’s impossible to tell what will happen .

= No one can tell what will happen .

2.It’s no use talking with him .

It’s no good speaking to them like that .

3.There’s some difficulty ( in ) doing …

在此句型中,difficulty 可以由以下单词替换:

trouble , problem , fun , pleasure , a good time , a hard time

注意以下几个问题:

1.下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区别,

forget to do … 忘记要做某事forget doing… 忘记做过了某事

remember to do…记住要做某事remember doing …记着曾做过某事mean to do … 打算要做某事mean doing … 意味着做了某事

regret to do …(do指代有限的几个词,如say、tell)很抱歉要告诉你…

regret doing … 后悔做过某事

can’t help to do…不能帮助做某事

can’t help doing … 情不自禁做某事

try to do … 尽力去做某事try doing 试着做某事

learn to do … 学着去做某事learn doing … 学会做某事

stop to do … 停下来去做(另一件事)stop doing … 停止做某事

go on to do … 接着做(另外一件事)go on doing … 继续做某事

used to do … 过去做某事be used to doing … 习惯做某事

2.动名词作定语与现在分词作定语意义有区别

动名词作定语表达n+ for doing 的含义

现在分词作定语表达n+which(who) be doing的含义

如:a sleeping car = a car for sleeping

a running horse = a horse which is running

前者是动名词,后者是现在分词

又如:drinking water , walking stick running water , sleeping boy

3.动名词的逻辑主语:

动名词的逻辑主语为代词或名词的所有格形式。

例如:His coming made us very happy .

4.动名词主动形式表被动的情况:

need doing , want doing , require doing

例如:This room needs painting . 这个房间需要粉刷。

6.只能跟动名词作宾语的动词:

admit , avoid , advise , consider , delay , deny , enjoy , escape , excuse , fancy , finish , complete , forbid , imagine , mind , miss , permit . practise , require , suggest , risk , keep, take to , look forward to , get down to , feel like , ca n’t help , can’t stand , be used to ,insist on , succeed in , set about, give up , include ,

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动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有:要求选择 同意(ask, choose, agree)期望决定学习(expect, hope, decide, Iearm,宁可假装知道(prefer, pretend, know),希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love)。女口: 1) We decided to talk to SOme StudentS about Why they go there. 2) He PreferS to eat White bread and rice. 3) Id love to ViSit Mexico. 2. 动词decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell...,介词结构on... 可用疑问词带to的不定式短语作宾语,但Why后面的不定 式不带to。女口: 1) Could you PIeaSe tell me Where to Park my car? 2) It gives advice on What to do in lots of different SitUations. 3. 动词feel, find, make, think等后面,可以用it作形式宾语 代替真正的宾语--- 动词不定式,句子结构是…feel / find / make / ... it+adj. / n.+to do...。女口: 4. 感知动词like, love, know等一般不用进行时态。 5. 后接动词不定式或Ving形式作宾语,意思差别较大的动词有forget, remember等。后接不定式作宾语,表动作尚未发 生;后接Ving形式作宾语,表动作已经发生。stop to do停

动词不定式的基本用法

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动词不定式的用法荟萃

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inconvenient, unnecessary, right, wrong...)+( for/of sb.)+ 不定式 【例如】 It is essential to reserve a table in advance of Christmas Eve. hard to put my hopessintoswords. It is not easy to catch fish with your hands only. It is important for us young people to learn English and master it. b) It is+名词(a pleasure, a pity, a pleasant thing, one’s du ty, an honor, a shame, a crime, no easy job...) +不定式 It is a sheer waste of time to read that kind of trash. It is a pity to have to go without her. It is a glorious death to die for the people.

(完整版)省略to的动词不定式用法归纳

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动词不定式用法及练习题-L105

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充当宾语补足语 I persuaded him to make a speech in public. 注意:在感官动词/使役动词/help后(see, hear, watch, notice, make, have, let后不定式做宾补时,可省略“to”) I saw them have a disagreement on who should sweep the floor. (我看到了他们争论的整个过程) 但,感官动词后面也可接Ving形式,表示正在进行。 I saw them arguing about who should sweep the floor. (我看到他们正在争论谁该扫地,并不一定看到了整个过程) 充当状语(目的,原因,结果状语,其逻辑主语与句子主语一致) I wrote him a letter to further explain this matter. (目的状语) I’m sorry to bother you.(原因状语) He queued for hours at the box office only to find that the show was sold out. (结果状语,only + to find/realize/discover表示出乎意料的结果) 充当定语(不定式作定语,要放在所修饰的词的后面) I have a lot of dishes to wash. Do you have anything to say There are 3 questions to answer. 一些固定句型中不定式省略“to” had better would rather do… than do… why not do “except/but” 有“do” 无“to”,有”to”无“do” have nothing to do but do… do everything but/except have no choice but to want nothing but/except to 当两个或多个作用相同的不定式并列(and/or/than)时,通常只保留第一个不定式的“to”. He told me to stay there and wait for him. It’s easier to persuade people than force them. To try and fail is better than not to try at all. (否定式中“to”不能省略)

(完整版)动词不定式的用法总结

动词不定式的用法总结 动词不定式在中学英语中应用非常广泛,一方面在句中可起名词、形容词或副词的作用,同时也可在句中作主语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。接下来为大家提供了以下:动词不定式的用法总结一 动词不定式的形式一般是to +动词原形,但to有时要省去。 而动词不定式在具体运用时用不用to,取决于谓语动词的用法。 现就以下几方面介绍如下。 一、不定式结构 1. 带to的不定式结构 能直接跟带to的不定式结构的动词主要有:want, ask, tell, hope, learn, try, decide, forget, remember, like, love, stop, go, come等。 如: I want to go to the movies with you. 我想跟你一起去看电影。 Don’t forget to turn off the light before you leave. 在你离开之前别忘了关灯。 注意:动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not,即not to do sth.。

如: Dave told me not to wake up Kate. 大卫告诉我别叫醒凯特。 2. 不带to的不定式结构 以下几种情况使用不带to的动词不定式: (1)在固定词组had better之后。 注意:had better的否定形式是had better not do sth.。 如: You had better go home now. 你最好现在回家。 It’s cold outside. You’d better not go out. 外面很冷,你最好不要出去。 (2)在let, make, see, feel, watch, hear等感官或使役动词后,要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。 如: I made them give me the money back. 我迫使他们把钱还给我。 I didn’t see you come in. 我没看见你进来。 (3)在引导疑问句的why not之后。 Why not+不带to的不定式是Why don’t you do的省

动词不定式用法小结

动词不定式用法 动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能独立作谓语。但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征,在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。另外,动词不定式具有动词特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语,组成动词不定式短语。动词不定式的肯定形式是to+do;其否定形式是not to+do。 下面以动词不定式在句中的作用来予以详细说明。 1.作主语 可以直接作主语。如:To see is to believe. 但在英语中,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。如: It's wrong to play tricks on other people. It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy. 点击规律:动词不定式在句中作主语时,常放在It is +adj.(形容词)+to do sth.或It is +n.(名词)+to do sth.句型中,it仅作形式主语。 2.作宾语 a.want,decide ,agree等动词后面跟并且只能跟不定式。如: We agreed to start early. She wants to be a doctor. b.love,like ,begin,start,hate ,prefer等词后面可以接不定式。 点击规律:上述动词后面除接不定式外,还可以接动名词,意思无很大区别。 提示板:like doing指经常性动作,而like to do指一次性的动作。如: I like swimming,but I don't like to swim now.我喜欢游泳,但我现在不想游。 c.stop,forget,remember,go on ,try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。 点击规律:上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。 提示板: 1)stop to do sth.:停止一件事,去做另一件事。 stop doing sth.:停止正在做的事。 例句:When the teacher came in,the students stopped talking;when he came out,the students stopped to talk.当老师走进来时,学生们停止说话;当老师走出去时,学生们又开始说话。 2)思考:forget,remember,go on,try等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别? d.在find/feel+it+adj.+to do sth.句型中,it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。如: The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep. I feel it easy to recite the text. 点击规律:某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语,又可接动名词作宾语,二者用法上的区别可以通过造句子加以区分,如上面stop例句。 3.作宾语补足语 a.tell,ask,want,order,teach,invite,warn,wish,help,get,wish,help等词后面常接不定式作宾补。如: I tell him not to go there by bus . Edison's mother taught him to read and write. b.let,make,have,see,hear,feel,watch,notice后面接不带to的不定式作宾补。如: The boss makes them work 16 hours a day.I heard her sing in the next room. 提示板:若变成被动语态,在上述结构中,不定式符号to要加上。如: They are made to work 16 hours a day by the boss. She was heard to sing in the next room. 4.作定语:放在被修饰的名词、代词后面 例句:I have a lot of work to do. The doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy. 点击规律:动词不定式若在句中作定语,常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。 提示板:如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系,若动词是不及物动词,切记不要忘掉介词。如: I have a small bedroom to live in. Have you got some pens to write with? 5.表语:放在连系动词be后面 例句:His wish is to become a scientist. The first important thing is to save the soldiers' lives. 当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。 点击规律:动词不定式在句中作表语时,通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。 6.作状语

动词不定式用法

动词不定式用法 不定式是动词的一种非限定式,它是不受主语的单复数、人称、时态、语态等的限定及影响的一种动词形式。 一、动词不定式的基本结构 动词不定式的基本形式为:to+动词原形,有时可不带to。不定式的否定形式是:not to+动词原形。在句中除不能作谓语外,其他成分都可作。如:主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。 注意:不定式之前的to(又称为小品词)与介词to的功能不同。介词to之后要接名词或代词的宾格,或相当于名词的短语作它的宾语;而不定式符号to的后面需要跟动词原形。 speak to him (to 是介词) 对他讲话 to speak English (to 是不定式的小品词) 讲英语 二、动词不定式的用法 不定式在句中有各种作用,一般可归类为三种基本用法:作名词,作形容词,作副词。 (一) 不定式作名词的用法 不定式起名词作用,在句子中担当主语、表语、宾语和宾语补足语。 ⒈作主语

名词用法的不定式和名词一样,可担任句子的主语。 To grow more trees here is very important. (=It is very important to grow more trees here.) 在这里多种些树是非常重要的。 To hear your voice is so nice. (=It is so nice to hear your voice.) 听到你的声音真高兴。 To speak English well is not easy for me. (=It is not easy for me to speak English.) 把英语说好对我来说并不容易。 To walk to school takes me twenty minutes. (=It takes me twenty minutes to walk to school.) 步行到学校我要花20分钟。 注意:在It is… to…‖的句型中,it是形式主语,真正的主语是不定式;使用这种结构,可以避免句子的头重脚轻。通常不定式被视为第三人称单数,所以动词用is或was。 It is bad for your eyes to read in the sun. 在阳光下看书对你的眼睛有害。 另外,不定式作主语的句子,同时有另外一个不定式作表语时,不能转换成―It is… to…‖的句型。 To see is to believe. (百闻不如一见。) 不能转换为:It is to believe to see. 2.作表语

初中英语动词不定式的基本用法(2)(最新整理)

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