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四级翻译汉译英技巧详解

四级翻译汉译英技巧详解
四级翻译汉译英技巧详解

2013年12月英语四级翻译汉译英技巧详解

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新四级第六部分:认清“翻译”的本来面目

新四级的考题按六大部分设计,从试卷结构和题型设置来说都已经脱胎换骨,每个部分在原来基础上寻求多种变化,整个试卷在整体上追求题目高密度、题型多样化以及知识点的高含金量。那么如何理解试题第六大部分——新出现的翻译题呢?

Part VI Translation

考试的最后一个阶段是翻译,5分钟处理5个句子。四级阶段考生受词汇量和知识结构影响,基本缺乏双语翻译的训练和技巧,所以只是蜻蜓点水般做一些知识点练习,题目并非中高级口译资格证书考试的考生所形容的:“翻译难,难于上青天。”四级试卷上的翻译部分,说其简单无非有三,其一,考题只考查汉译英,没有英译汉。大学英语精读教材中,每课都有汉译英译句练习,应该是学生非常熟悉的题型。相比较,考研翻译中的长句英译汉则把考生难得死去活来;其二,内容单纯,不需要专业理论知识。题目内容既没有高难度的新闻翻译、文学翻译,也不涉及科技经贸翻译中的专业知识,只是一般的短句翻译,没有大主题语境,也谈不上翻译的“信、达、雅”标准,四级程度学生可以manageable。第三,名为翻译,实为补全句子,考查语法结构和词组运用知识。每句只涉及15个左右的英语词,需添入的部分也只有3到8个单词,其中隐含着四级水平考生应当掌握的句型、语法、词组知识点。

以下是样题所提供的5个翻译句子,我们根据其内容来推测可能考查的知识点:我要收藏

87.The substance does not dissolve in water _______________(不管是否加热)。

本句意为:不管是否加热,这种物质都不会溶解于水。

前半句所给的信息并不重要,考生凭四级词汇知识可以理解substance(物质)和dissolve(溶解)两个单词的意义。考虑提示部分的汉语,“不管…是否…”即“whether…or …”,很容易找到这个对应结构。关键点在于对“加热”的理解,是主动还是被动处理,从上下文意义推断出是water被加热,所以我们采用被动方式,即whether (it is) heated or not,填入部分作让步状语从句,it is可以被省略。

考查重点:

从句知识:尤其让步状语从句,注意复习whether… or…, though, no matter how

等表达的用法。

分词用法:注意辨别现在分词和过去分词,同时考虑动词被动语态的运用。

88.Not only ___________________(他向我收费过高),but he didn’t do a good repair job either.

本句意为:他不但向我收费过高,而且东西修理得不怎么样。

本句中要考虑两个层面,首先是动词“收费”的对应词,应当是“charge”。“过高”则往往使用too high或too much, 由于主体内容是金钱而不是温度,我们用经常搭配的“much”。更加巧妙的用词是“overcharge”,恰好可以把意思归并到一起。还要考虑的是本句中“not only…but…”结构中出现了否定词前置到句首的现象,自然是倒装句的标志。结合后半句的一般过去时形式,我们不得不把助动词did提炼出来,按照倒装结构翻译成“Not only did he charge me too much”或者“Not only did he overcharge me”。

考查重点:

倒装句结构中的否定词前置现象。类似的知识点还要注意

Never/Neither/Hardly/Scarcely等否定词在句首的倒装情况。

89. Your losses in trade this year are nothing ______________________(与我的相比)。

本句意为“你在生意中的损失与我的相比不值一题。”

翻译时有两个知识点容易出错,首先,“与…相比”考查词组知识,四级程度同学应当掌握“compared with”或者“in comparison with”, 但常有考生把“compare with”与“compare to”(把…比做)混淆,或者没有考虑过去分词形式。此外,“我的”应当使用物主代词所有格“mine”,此处不宜写成“my losses”。

考查重点:

词组知识:需要考生把握大批类似compare with以及名词形式in comparison with

的词组或短语,其中固定搭配需要使用的介词/副词非常重要。

分词形式:在句子中做修饰成分与前者构成主动被动关系至关重要。

90. On average, it is said, visitors spend only _____________________(一半的钱) in a day in Leeds as in London.

本句意为:据说,游客平均一天在利兹花掉的钱只有在伦敦的一半那么多。

显然本句在拿as…as…结构做文章。因为是比较关系,把在Leeds和在London的费用做比较,所以后半句有明确的“as”一词。空缺部分是要有“as”,还要有“half”和“money”。关键是次序如何调理。根据比较结构中的倍数原则,倍数数字放在最开始,接下去有关于量的as much+n.+as, 因此本句要填入“half as much money”。

考查重点:

比较结构:本句考查同级比较中的倍数关系,类似表达还有twice as much(many) as…

91. By contrast, American mothers were more likely__________________ (把孩子的成功归因于) natural talent.

本句意为:相比较,美国的母亲们更可能把孩子的成功归因于天赋。

本句再次在词组方面进行考查,“把…归因于…”是大学英语四级考查率极高的一个语言点,有时表达因果关系最复杂的动词词组。应当熟练把握“attribute…to…”的拼写和用法。此外,不要忽略另外一个词的用法,“be likely to …”表示“容易”、“可能”等意义,稍不小心就会把to漏掉。总之,需要填入的部分拼贴在一起就是“to attribute their children’s success to”。

考查重点:

动词词组,表示因果关系的attribute… to…。需要熟练掌握用法的还有lead to, result in, result from, be to blame for, be responsible for。另外,还要学会使用拼写类似的词组contribute to,表示“有助于,对…做出贡献”。

各位考生,如果仔细研究以上样题的考点,不难发现新四级在放弃专门的词汇语法结构题型后,把相关知识点设置到了其它的几种题型中。至少我们未来面对的翻译部分就重点考查了各类词组语法的知识,而且全是原来四级题目中的重点。那么我们辛辛苦苦准备的倒装句、虚拟语气、分词、从句、词组仍然有用武之地。准备新四级千万不要与以往的知识割裂,我们所说的“万变不离其宗”就是这个道理,熟练掌握四级大纲规定的词汇、词组、语法知识,并且活学活用,才不会被千变万化的题型吓倒。

新四级汉译英段落翻译技巧 新四级汉译英段落翻译解题技巧 ?题型简介?基本要求?翻译技巧 题型简介 ?自2013年12月考次起,全国大学英语四级考试的翻译部分将由原单句汉译英调整文段落汉译英,翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等题材。 140~160词 基本要求 要求考生以词、句的翻译为基础,扩大到对整体段落的翻译的把握,段落内容相对完整、结构相对独立。翻译时要把整个段落当作一个有机的语篇,注意各句子之间的衔接和段落间的过渡。 翻译技巧 (一) 词的翻译 (二) 句的翻译 (三) 段落翻译 (一) 词的翻译 1. 词义选择 2. 词类转换 3. 词的增补 4. 词的省略 5. 词的替代 1.词义选择 (1)语境词?汉语有些词语的含义会因语境而发生微妙的变化,称之为“语境词”,应紧密结合上下文译成相应的词,不能按照原词的字面意思来译。?原文:手机刷新了人与人的关系。?译文:Cell phone have altered the relationship among people. ?分析:“刷新”此处实际是指“改变”,而并非是我们平常所指的含义,因此不宜译成refurbish或renovate,翻译为alter或 change更恰当。 (2) 表意模糊的词?原文:这所全国重点大学为社会输送了大批的人才。?译文:The national key university has prepared batches of qualified graduates for the society. ?分析:“输送”在句中是一个模糊笼统的词,具体说来是指“培养出”。“人才”笼统,译为qualified graduates比较确切。 (3) 比喻词汇?汉语有许多比喻词汇,表面意义和喻指含义完全不同,英译时应跳出机械对应的思维定式,动态地译出其潜在含义。?原文:老师答应给这几个学生“吃小灶”。?译文:The teacher has promised to give these students special tuition. ?分析:“吃小灶”在这里指的是“个别辅导”。 2.词类转换 (1)动词?名词?英语动词受到形态变化规则的严格限制,大量本应该由动词表达的概念,常需借助于名词,因为名词不受形态规则的束缚,使用相对灵活、方便。?原文:吃头两个主菜时,也是赞不绝口。?译文:You"ll be full of praise while eating the first two main courses. ?分析:英语中有大量抽象名词表示行为或动作意义 advice,agreement,inheritance,knowledge,praise,use等。以上例句借助抽象名词表达了特定的行为动作,译文也显得较为地道。 (2)动词?介词?介词与名词密切相关,英语名词的广泛使用使得介词也频繁出现,而且英语中有些介词本身就是由动词演变来的。汉译英时,有些动词可以用介词来表达。?原文:人们常用剪纸美化环境。?译文:People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings. (3)动词?形容词?汉语的一些动词常常用形容词来表达,这些形容词通常是与动词同源的词(如dreamful,doubtful,sympathetic 等),这样的译文有时会更地道、标准。?原文:在明朝和清朝时期特别流行。?译文:It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

汉译英三步骤: 1.理解原文 包括原文逐字逐句的理解、对原文整体思想、观点和态度的理解,也包括对原文句子之 间和各部分之间相互关系的理解。 2.英语表达 在正确理解原文的基础上进行的,不是一对一的死译,而是在理解原文的基础上用相应 的英语结构、词汇和表达习惯准确的表达原文的意思。 3.核对检查 认真阅读自己的译文,要用挑错的眼光来检查译文是否正确表达了原文的意思,是否有 漏译、错译,译文语法如时态、语态、单复数形式和拼写上是否有错误。 汉译英翻译技巧: 1.选择恰当的英语词汇 有些英语词汇不仅有字面意思,还有内含意思。 e.g.“国家”:country, nation, state, land 分别内涵:疆土、人民、政府、感情 有些英语词汇本身含有贬义或一些委婉的意思,运用时要特别注意。 e.g.“宣传”publicize, propaganda (带贬义) 汉译英选词原则: (1)选适合上下文的词汇 e.g.“观众”:audience,viewer, spectator 分别表示:听音乐会或看戏的观众、电视观众、看体育表演的观众 “条件”不同情况下应用不同的英语词表达: 工作条件:working condition 有利的条件:favorable situation 录取条件:admission requirement 付款条件:terms of payment 词汇选择首先要忠于原文的意思。 e.g.近年来由于就业问题日益严重,有些人建议让没有工作的未婚妇女来替换那些 家务繁重的女工。 “就业问题”:employment problem, unemployment problem(找不到工作就业已 成问题,即失业问题) “没有工作的妇女”: women without jobs, women hunting for jobs(没有工作又 需要找工作的妇女,不需找工作的并不包括在内) (2)要注意词的广义、狭义、具体的意思和抽象意思的不同 e.g. ①他讲的笑话逗得我们都笑了。 ②他讲的话使我们大家都笑了。 ①His joke made us laugh. ②What he said make us laugh. We all smile at what he said. (3)选词时不要望文生义,不要死译,要考虑与汉语对应的英语词汇真正的意思。 e.g.①他们的好奇心得到了满足。

一、翻译的标准 严复:信、达、雅(faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance—忠实于原文;译文通顺易懂;译文展示出风采) 二、汉译英常用方法和技巧 与词有关的翻译方法包括: 直译和意译 词义的选择 词的增补与省略 词类转义法 重复法 正说反译法和反说正译法 分句法和合句法 直译和意译 首先应当指出,直译不是死译,而是指基本保留原有句子结构,照字面意思翻译。意译也不是胡译、乱译,而是在不损害原文内容和精神的前提下,为了表达的需要,对原文作相应的调整。 例 原文:我们的朋友遍天下。 直译:Our friends are all over the world. 意译:We have friends all over the world. 直译以严格意义上的忠实为宗旨,意译则更多考虑英语的特点,更强调译文的效果,不求形式对应,只求语言在深层次中的对应。总之,选择直译还是意译,应该根据文章具体需要而定,两种译法可以并用。 能直译则直译 例 原文:爱是耐心和善良;爱不是妒忌和吹嘘;爱不是傲慢和粗鲁。 译文: Love is patience and kindness; love is not jealous and boast; love is not

arrogance and rudeness. 原文:你们要八仙过海,各显其能,完成这项工作。 译文:You should display your special prowess like eight immortals ( in Chinese legend) crossing the sea, to fulfill this task. 必须意译 例 原文:怕什么呢死了张屠夫,还有李屠夫,人多得很。 直译:If Butcher Zhang dies, there’s Butcher Li yet. 译文:What are you afraid of He is not the only pebble on the beach. 意译效果比直译好 例 原文:她怕碰一鼻子灰,话到了嘴边,又把它吞了下去。 译文:She was afraid of being turned down / snubbed, so she swallowed the words that came up to her lips. 词义的选择 汉译英的过程就是寻找适当的英语词、词组和句型来重新表达汉语原文的思想的过程。正确的选词是保证译文质量的重要前提。词的选择主要从以下两个方面着手。 一、根据上下文正确理解原文的词义 词的正确选择首先取决于对原文词义的确切理解,而这又取决于对原文上下文的推敲。在具体运用中,词义往往随着语言情境而千变万化,因此,我们必须熟悉词在运用中的灵活变化,才有可能选择出等值词或近值词。 英语词汇在翻译成汉语时也需要根据具体的语言环境选择适当的词义,因为汉语也有丰富的同义表达法。 二、辨析词义和正确选词 (一)注意词的广义和狭义 词义有广狭之分,运用范围也就各不相同。

红色在中国文化中,红色通常象征着好运。长寿和幸福在春节和其他喜庆场合。红色到处可见人们把现金作为礼物送给家人或亲密朋友时。通常放在红信封里,红色在中国流行的另一个原因是人们把它与中国革命与共产党联系。然而红色并不总是代表好运与快乐,因为从前死者的名字常用红色书写。用红墨水写中国人名被看成是一种冒犯行为。 in Chinese culture, red usually symbolizes good luck. Longevity and happiness in the Spring Festival and other festive occasions. Red is everywhere when people give cash as gifts to family or close friends. Usually put in a red envelope, another reason why red is popular in China is that people associate it with the Chinese revolution and the Communist Party. Red, however, does not always represent good luck and happiness, because the names of the dead used to be written in red. Writing Chinese names in red ink is considered an offence. 随着中国的改革开放,许多年轻人都喜欢举行西式婚礼。新娘在婚礼上穿着白色婚纱因为白色被认为是纯洁的象征,然而在中国传统文化中,白色经常是葬礼上使用的颜色。因此务必记住白花一定不要用作祝人康复的礼物。尤其是不要送给老年人或危重病,同样礼金也不能装在白色信封里,而要装在红色信封里。 With China's reform and opening up, many young people like to hold western-style weddings. The bride wears a white wedding dress at the wedding because white is considered a symbol of purity, but in traditional Chinese culture, white is often the color used at the funeral. Therefore, be sure to remember that white flowers must not be used as a gift for people to recover. In particular, do not give to the elderly or critical illness, the same gift should not be in white envelopes, but in red envelopes. 在中国文化中,黄颜色是一种很重要的颜色。因为它具有独特的象征意义,在封建社会中它象征统治者的权力和权威。那时,黄色是专为皇帝使用的颜色,皇家宫廷全漆成黄色。黄袍总是黄色的,而普通老百姓是禁止穿黄色衣服的。在中国黄色也是收获的象征,秋天庄稼成熟时,田野变得一片金黄,人们兴高采烈庆祝丰收。 In Chinese culture, yellow color is a very important color. Because of its unique symbolic significance, it symbolizes the power and authority of the rulers in feudal society. At that time, yellow was used exclusively for the emperor, and the royal court was painted yellow. Yellow robes are always yellow, and ordinary people are forbidden to wear yellow clothes. In China yellow is also a symbol of harvest, autumn crops mature, the fields become golden, people happily celebrate the harvest.

2016年6月大学英语四级段落翻译预测 大学英语四级段落翻译预测一 别在意外表,因为外表的东西往往不真实,也别在意财富,因为再多的财富也会有用完的一天。找一个能让你绽放笑容的人,因为一个笑容就能让灰暗的一天变得明亮。去做你想做的梦,去你想去的地方,成为你想成为的人,因为人生短暂,机会错过了可能就不会再有。只有不断的尝试才能让你变得强大,永远怀抱希望你才会开心,幸福。 Don’t go for looks which often deceive you. Don’t go for wealth which would be used up however amazing it is. Go for someone who will make you smile because a smile is enough to render a dark day bright. Dream what you want to dream; go where you want to go; become the one you want to be, because one’s life is short and once you let the chance slip through your fingers it may not come to you again. Only when you keep trying can you become strong; only when you cherish hopes can you remain cheerful and happy. 大学英语四级段落翻译预测二 七夕节——中国人的情人节 中国人也有一天是奉献给爱情的。这就是农历七月初七的七夕节,常被人成为中国的情人节。这一传统浪漫节日源自一个古老的传说:年轻的牛郎和织女分居银河的两岸,终年隔岸苦苦相望而无法相会。玉皇大帝可怜这对恋人,传令天下喜鹊在七月初七这天夜晚全部飞到银河上来。架起鹊桥,好让牛郎、织女在桥上相会。 “Qi Xi Jie” ----Chinese Valentine’s Day The Chinese also have a day devoted to “love” that is “Qi Xi Jie”, or the seventh of the seventh month on the Chinese lunar calendar. Often called “Chinese Valentine’s Day”. This romantic traditional festival originated from a old legend: Niu Lang and Zhi Nv were fairies living on opposite sides of the Milky Way. They have been waiting for each other for a year but can not meet. Feeling sorry for the two lonely sprites, the Jade Emperor ordered all magpies must flock over the Milky Way to form a bridge so that the couple could meet there on the seventh night of the seventh month. 大学英语四级段落翻译预测三

汉译英的几种常用技巧(一)常用的翻译技巧1. 增译2. 减译(省译)3. 重复 4. 转译 5. 语序(词序/句序)调整(倒置) 6. 拆句与合并7. 正说反译, 反说正译8. 语态变换 1.增译法:指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达 方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。 这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There be…”结构来翻译以外,一般都要根据语境补出主语,使句子完整。英语中代词使用频率较高,凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时,必须在前面加上物主代词。因此,在汉译英时需要增补物主代词,而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。 英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示,而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此,在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外,汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语,以确保译文意思完整。 总之,通过增译,一是保证译文语法结构的完整,二是保证译文意思的明确。 1. I am looking forward to the holidays. 我们等待假日的到

2.Much of our morality is customary. 我们大部分的道德观念都有习惯性。 3.Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记使人精确。 4.Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. 读史使人明智,读诗使人灵秀,数学使人周密,科学使人深刻,伦理使人庄重,逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。 5. 没有调查研究就没有发言权。 He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. (No investigation, no right to speak.) 6. 虚心使人进步, 骄傲使人落后。 Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 7. 留得青山在, 不怕没柴烧。 So long as green hills remain, there will never be a shortage of firewood. 8. 班门弄斧 Showing off one’s proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter. 9. 三个臭皮匠, 顶个诸葛亮。

汉译英: 1徐霞客一生周游考察了十六个省,足迹几乎遍及全 国。他在考察的过程中,从来不盲目迷信书 本上的结论。他发现前人研究地理的记载有许多很不可靠的地方。为了进行真实细致的考察,他很少乘车坐船,几乎全 靠双脚翻山越岭,长途跋涉;为了弄清大自然的真相,他总是挑选道路艰险的山区,人迹稀少的森林进行考察,发现了许多 奇山秀景;他常常选择不同的时间和季节,多次重游各地名 山,反复观察变换的奇景。 Xu Xiake toured and investigated 16 provinces in his lifetime, covering almost the whole of China/ the whole country. When he was carrying out his investigations, he never took blind belief in the conclusions in the books. Instead he found a lot of unreliable points in the geographic records taken by his predecessors. In order to make his investigations reliable and thorough, he seldom traveled by carriage or boat. Instead, he took long, arduous trips on foot almost all the time, climbing mountains and hills. In order to learn about the truth of nature, he always chose to conduct investigations in mountainous areas with dangerous roads and in lonely / untraveled woods, where he discovered a lot of magnificent peaks and beautiful sights. ( During his life time, Xu Xiake visited and explored 16 provinces, leaving his footprints in nearly every corner of the country. He never blindly accepted the conclusions given in books in his exploration. He found that many of the geographical records by other people before him were inaccurate ( He found many inaccuracies in the travel notes on geography written by his predecessors ) . He seldom traveled by horse cart or boat but climbed mountains and ridges and took long, difficult journeys most of the time

最牛英语口语培训模式:躺在家里练口语,全程外教一对一,三个月畅谈无阻! 洛基英语,免费体验全部在线一对一课程:https://www.doczj.com/doc/ec18203541.html,/ielts/xd.html(报名网址) 练习八 Directions: Read the underlined sentences carefully, and then translate them into Chinese. You may check your answers after you finish them. Passage One As is known to all, the organization and management of wages and salaries are very complex. Generally speaking, the Account Department is responsible for calculations of pay, while the Personnel Department is interested in discussions with the employees about pay. If a firm wants to adopt a new wage and salary structure, it is essential that the firm should decide on a method of job evaluation and ways of measuring the performance of its employees. In order to be successful, that new pay structure will need agreement between Trade Unions and employers. In job evaluation, all of the requirements of each job are defined in a detailed job description. Each of those requirements is given a value, usually in “points”, which are added together to give a total value for the job. For middle and higher management, a special method is used to evaluate managers on their knowledge of the job, their responsibility, and their ability to solve problems. Because of the difficulty in measuring management work, however, job grades for managers are often decided without reference to an evaluation system based on points. In attempting to design a pay system, the Personnel Department should compare the value of each job with those in the job market. It should also consider economic factors such as the cost of living and the labour supply. It is necessary that payment for a job should vary with any differences in the way that job is performed. Where it is simple to measure the work done, as in the work done with the hands, monetary(金钱的)encouragement schemes are often chosen, for indirect workers, where measurement is difficult, methods of additional payments are employed. Passage Two I came across an old country guide the other day. It listed all the tradesmen in each village in my part of the country, and it was impressive to see the great variety of services which were available on one’s own doorstep in the late Victorian countryside. Nowadays a superficial traveller in rural England might conclude that the only village tradesmen still flourishing were either selling frozen food to the inhabitants or selling antiques to visitors. Nevertheless, this would really be a false impression. Admittedly there has been a contraction of village commerce, but its vigor is still remarkable. Our local grocer’s shop, for example, is actually expanding in spite of the competition from supermarkets in the nearest town. Women sensibly prefer to go there and exchange the local news while doing their shopping, instead of queuing up

英语四级历年真题汉译英讲解 第一题(外国直接投资): 商务部(Ministry of Commerce)最近发布的数据表明,在中国的外国直接投资(foreign Direct Investment,FDI)保持稳定增长。中国已经成为外国直接投资首选地。中央政府采取了一系列促进外国投资的扶持措施,这样既促进了经济增长,又贏得了国内外投资者的信心。商务部正在研究措施,进一步改善外商投资管理机制,创建一个透明和公平的竞争环境。世界银行(World Bank)也高度评价中国吸引外国直接投资所取得的成就。 表达难点: 1.第1句中的定语“商务部最近发布的”较长,故将其处理后置定语,用分词短语 recently released by theMinistry of Commerce 来表达。 2.第3句中的“这样既促进了经济增长,又贏得了国内外投资者的信心”,可用 which引导的非限制性定语从句来表达,which指代前面“中央政府采用了一系列促进外国投资的扶持措施”这一做法。“既……又……”在英语中的对等结构为both...and,其中both可省略。 3.第4句中的“进一步改善外商投资管理机制,创建一个透明和公平的竞争环境” 为表并列的两个目的,可将其译作两个不定式短语作状语 “to further improve... and (to) create...”,用and连接时后一个不定式的to可以省略。“外商投资管理机制”的中心词为管理机制 management mechanism,翻译时可在其后采用“of+名词”的形式构成名词所有格,对其进行补充说明,表示“……的”。 4.最后一句中的定语“中国吸引外国直接投资所取得的”用in引导的介词短语 in attracting Foreign DirectInvestment来表示在哪个方面所取得的成就。 而“中国”则作为形容词置于“成就”前面,这样比较符合英语的表达习惯。 资所取得的成就。 参考译文 The statistics recently released by the Ministry of Commerce showe d that Foreign DirectInvestment in China maintained steady growth . China has become the top destination for FDI.The central govern ment adopted a series of supportive measures to facilitate foreigni nvestment, which strengthened economic growth and won the co nfidence of investors athome and abroad. The Ministry of Commerc e is working on measures to further improve themanagement mech anism of foreign investment and create a transparent and fair co mpetitionenvironment. The World Bank also spoke highly of Chin a's achievements in attracting ForeignDirect Investment. 第二题(孙子兵法): 孙武是春秋末期(the late Spring and Autumn Period)杰出的军事家(strategist)。他所著的《孙子兵法》(Sun Zi's Art of War)是中国古代最著名的兵书,也是世界上现存最早的兵书。《孙子兵法》现存13篇,共6000字。在这不长的篇幅中,孙武全面论述了自己对战争的看法,提出了诸如知彼知己、集中优势兵力打败敌人等许多作战思想。《孙子兵法》已被译为多种文字,在世界上也享有很高的声誉。 表达难点:

2013年12月大学英语四级改革新题型段落翻译题 练习1 Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes)(原单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英。翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。四级长度为140-160个汉字。) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2. 中国的传统节庆膳食是节日必不可少的伴侣。例如,我国的端午节(the Dragon Boat Festival)是纪念古代诗人屈原的日子。那一天,人们通常要赛龙舟、吃粽子(zongzi)。中秋节是观赏满月的日子。圆圆的月亮象征着圆满,象征着家庭团聚。因此,中秋节(The Mid-autumn Festival)的特制食品是一种圆形的月饼。春节是中国的农历新年(the Chinese lunar New Year’s holiday),除了常见的家禽和肉类之外,人们还要按各自的地方习俗烹制传统食物,如铰子和年糕。 参考答案 Traditional Chinese holiday meals are indispensable on some festivals. For example, the Dragon Boat Festival is a day established in memory of the ancient poet Qu Yuan and people usually hold dragon boat races and eat zongzi, or rice dumpling on that day. The Mid-autumn Festival is an occasion for viewing the full moon. The round moon is a symbol for completeness and family reunion. The special food of the day is yuebing, a round cake known as the mooncake. The Spring Festival is the Chinese lunar New Year’s holiday. Besides the popular poultry and meat, people cook traditional food according to regional customs, for example, jiaozi, or boiled dumplings, and niangao, or the “1 ”new year cake . 难点精析 ■1.中国的传统节庆膳食:翻译为Traditional Chinese holiday meals,其中“节庆膳食”直接译为holiday meals , 即可,翻译时注意“中国的”和“传统”的顺序。 2.纪念:翻译为介词短语in memory of,修饰前面的a day。 ■3.赛龙舟:翻译为hold dragon boat races,其中hold意为“举行”,“举行龙舟比赛”即“赛龙舟”。 4.观赏满月:“满月”即fMlmoon,此处的“观赏”可以译为viewing,也可以用enjoying或watching表示。 5.象征着家庭团聚:“象征”翻译为系表结构is a symbol for,也可以用动词symbolize表示,“家庭团聚”翻译:为family reunion 即可。 练习2 Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes)(原单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英。翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。四级长度为140-160个汉字。) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2. 北京有无数的胡同(hutong)。平民百姓在胡同里的生活给古都北京带来了无穷的魅力。北京的胡同不仅仅是平民百姓的生活环境,而且还是一门建筑艺术。通常,胡同内有一个大杂院,房间够4到10个家庭的差不多20 口人住。所以,胡同里的生活充满了友善和人情味。如今,随着社会和经济的飞速发展,很多胡同被新的高楼大厦所取代。但愿胡同可以保留下来。 参考答案 In Beijing, there are numerous hutongs. The life of common people in hutongs brings endless charm to the ancient capital, Beijing. The hutong in Beijing is not only the living environment of common people but also a kind of architecture. Usually, there is a courtyard complex inside hutong, with rooms shared by 4 to 10 families of about 20 people. Therefore, life in hutongs is full of friendliness and genuine humanity. Nowadays, with rapid social and economic development, many hutongs are replaced by new tall buildings. I hope hutongs can be preserved. 难点精析 1.带来了无穷的魅力:翻译为bring endless charm to。 2.汉语习惯于用并列的散句或短语来表达一个语境,而英文习惯上用整句表述,句内不太重要的信息会用| 介词短语或从句来补充说明,如本段中“胡同内有一个大杂院,房间够4到10个家庭的差不多20口人住”是:两个并列关系的汉语短句,翻译成英文时可将第二句用with介词结构表达出来,起补充说明的作用。 3.充满友善和人情味:翻译为full of friendliness and genuine humanity。 4.随着社会和经济的飞速发展:翻译为with rapid social and economic development,也是with介词短语的应用,在句中作伴随状语。

汉译英翻译技巧1:了解中英文区别,避免机械对等翻译 英语和汉语是两种差异比较大的语言。在汉英双语互译时,其差异具体体现为词汇、句式、衔接等方面的差异。因此,对于备考大学英语四级考试的考生,了解中英文两种语言的以下主要区别,对段落汉译英答题很有帮助。 1.汉语重意合,英语重形合。汉语强调意义上紧密结合,主要靠词义手段连接,讲究“意境美”,所以有时候语法是不完整的;英语则注重句法、词汇手段等形式上的紧密结合,讲究“结构美”,强调句式完整和上下文的衔接。因此,汉译英需要通过对汉语句子进行句型变换,使用逻辑衔接词、从句等来显现句中的逻辑关系,从而符合英语的表达习惯。 2.汉语多短句,英语多长句。汉语侧重语义,多用短句、分句来表达;英语多用长句及复合句,其结构通过时态、标点符号及关联词来表达。因此,汉译英往往需要对原文进行合译、增补词汇等。 3.汉语多重复,英语多替代。汉语由于结构较松散,常对名词进行重复,使语义更加清晰,对动词进行重复起增强语气的作用:而英语常使用代词、名词及do,do so或so do,so,as或其他词组来代替重复出现的部分。

4.汉语多用主动,英语多用被动。 5.汉语用词多动词,英语用词多名词和介词。汉语句子多用动词,具有动态性和具体性的特点;英语句子则喜用名词和介词,体现静态性和抽象性的特点。这一不同的特点决定了汉译英过程中常常需要转换词性。 6.汉语句中的定语通常放在所修饰的名词之前,英语中定语的位置却可前可后。因此,汉译英时往往需要调整语序,如汉语中定语过多,英语可使用介词短语、分词、不定式、从句等后置定语以求句子结构上的平衡。 7.汉语重心在后,英语重心在前。在表达多逻辑思维时,汉语一般是由因到果、由假设到推论、由事实到结论,即重心在后;英语则往往是判断或结论等在前,事实或描写等在后,即重心在前。【例1】九寨沟气候宜人,夏季凉爽,冬无寒风。 译文: Jiuzhaigou enjoys a favorable climate which is cool in summer but free from cold wind in winter. 解析:原句含三个汉语短句,但都是对“九赛沟”的描述,存在逻辑上的联系,译文中将第一个短句处理成主句,后两个短句则处理成 which引导的定语从句,既能体现三个句子间的逻辑联

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