2015年高考英语真题试卷（上海卷）
一.完型填空
1.(2015·上海）Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Gift from a stranger
My local supermarket is always busy. The first parking space I found was convenient, but I'd noticed a woman in a blue car circling for a while. ________ I was in a good mood, I let her have it. On the edge of the car park I backed into the next available spot—it was a tight fit.
Pretty soon I'd made my way through the supermarket and was back in the fresh air. Feeling good, I
________ (empty) my purse change into the hands of a homeless man and helped a struggling woman reverse park（倒车）.
Just as I approached my car, 1 saw the woman I'd let have my car space earlier. She was giving me ________ odd look—half puzzled, half intent (热切的). I smiled and wished her a pleasant day. As I squeezed back into my car, I spotted the same lady ________ (look) in at me. "Hello," she said, hesitantly. "This ________ sound crazy but I was on my way to drop some of my mother's th ings off at the charity bins.” You are just so much________her.” You helped those people, I noticed, and you seemed so happy.” She looked at me meaningfully and passed a box in through the window. “I think she would like you to have it.”________(shock), I took it from her automatically. She smiled and walked away.
After a pause, I opened the box. Inside was a beautiful gold necklace with a large grey pearl. It
was________ (nice) gift I'd ever received, and it was from a complete stranger. The necklace was around my neck, a warm reminder of human kindness.
2.(2015·上海）Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Ask helpful Hannah
Dear helpful Hannah,
I’ve got a problem with my husband, Sam. He bought a smart phone a couple of months ago and he took it on our recent ski vacation to Colorado, it was a great trip except for one problem. He has a constant
urge________ for next messages; he checks his phone every five minutes! He’s so addicted to it that he just can’t stand the idea ________ there may be an important text. He can’t help checking even at inappropriate times like when we are eating in a restaurant and I am talking to him! He behaves________ any small amount of boredom can make him feel the need to check his phone even when he know he shouldn’t. The temptation to see ________ is connecting him is just too great. When I ask him to put down the phone and stop
________ (ignore) me, he say, “In a minute.” but still checks to see if________ has posted something new on the Internet. Our life ________ (interrupted). If we go somewhere and I ask him to have the phone at home,
he suffers from withdrawal symptom. May this dependency on his smart phone has become more than an everyday problem.
I recently read an article about “nomophobia,”________ is a real illne ss people can’t suffer from the fear of being without your phone! I am worried that Sam maybe suffering from this illness because he feels anxious if he doesn’t have his phone with him, even for a short time.
Who would have thought that little devices like these could have brought so much
trouble!
Sick and Tired Sadie
3.(2015·上海）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. access
B. alternatives
C. designed
D. confirmed
E. conflicting
F. elements
G. function H. innovative I. prospective J. separate K. supporting
Considering how much time people spend in effects, it is important that with A be well designed. Well-designed office spaces help create a corporation’s image. They motivate workers and they make an impression on people who visit and might be potential, or________ , customers. They make business work better, and they are a part of the corporate culture to live in.
As we move away from an industrial-based economy to a knowledge-based one, office designers come up with ________ to the traditional work environments of the past. The design industry has moved away from a fixed office setup and created more flexible “strategic management environments.” These ________ solutions are meant to support better organizational performance.
As employee hierarchies （等级制度）have flattened or decreased, office designers’ response to this change has been to move open-plan areas to more desirable locations within the office and create fewer formal private offices. The need for increased flexibility has also been ________ by changes in workstation design. Office and work spaces often are not ________ to a given person on a permanent basis. Because of changes to methods of working, new design allow for expansion or movement of desks, storage, and equipment within the workplace. Another important design goal is communication, which designers have improved by breaking the walls
that________ workstations. Designers have also created informal gathering places and upgraded employees’________ to heavily trafficked areas such as copy and coffee rooms.
Corporate and institutional office designers often struggle to resolve a number of competing and often
________ demands, including budgetary limits, employees hierarchies and technological innovation (especially in relation to computerization). These demands must also be balanced with the need to create interiors (内饰) that in some way enhance, establish or possess a company’s image and will enable employees to ________ and their best.
All these ________ of office design are related. The most successful office designs are like good marriage—the well-designed office and the employees that occupy it are seemingly made for each other.
4.(2015·上海）Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning,
you would not detect interest in romance among the artists. 1 , you would see plenty of animals with people running after them. Life for ancient people’s earned to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals.
In modern times, when food is available in grocery stores, finding love is more 2 in people’s lives. The 3 is all around us. It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love. An endless number of books and movies qualify as love stories in popular culture.
Researchers are studying whether love, a highly valued emotional state, can be 4 . They ask, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth, but clean teeth go only so far. Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved. You have probably heard that opposites attract but that 5 attract, too. One thing is certain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone.
First Impression
To help determine the 6 of attraction, researchers paired 164 college classmates and had them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minutes so they could get a sense of each other’s individuality. Then students were asked to 7 what kind of relationship they were likely to build with their partners. After nine weeks, they reported what happened.
As it turned out, their 8 judgments often held true. Students seemed to 9 at an early stage who would best fit into their lives.
The 10 Knows
Scientists have also turned to nonhumans to increase understanding of attraction. Many animals give off pheromones — natural chemicals that can be detected by, and then can produce a response in, other animals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling
11 to partnerships. In contrast, humans do not seem to be as 12 as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction. Although we may not be aware of chemicals like pheromones consciously, we give and receive loads of information through smell in every interaction with other people.
Face Value
Being fond of someone seems to have a number of factors, including seeing something we find attractive. Researchers had people judge faces for 13 . The participants had 0.013 seconds to view each face, yet somehow they generally considered the images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces. The way we 14 attractiveness seem to be somewhat automatic.
When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations, people responded to
15 words faster after viewing an attractive face. Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking.
1. A. Instead B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Otherwise
2. A. romantic B. stressful C. central D. artificial
3. A. priority B. proof C. possibility D. principle
4. A. tested B. impressed C. changed D. created
5. A. appearances B. virtues C. similarities D. passions
6. A. illustrations B. implications C. ingredients D. intentions
7. A. predict B. investigate C. diagnose D. recall
8. A. critical B. initial C. random D. mature
9. A. memorize B. distinguish C. negotiate D. question
10. A. Nose B. Eye C. Heart D. Hand
11. A. open B. alert C. resistant D. superior
12. A. disappointed B. amazed C. confused D. gifted
13. A. emotion B. attractiveness C. individuality D. signals
14. A. enhance B. possess C. maintain D. assess
15. A. familiar B. plain C. positive D. irritating
二.阅读理解
5.(2015·上海）阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项.
Look to many of history’s cultural symbols, and there you’ll find an ancestor of Frosty, the snowman in the movie Frozen. It appeared on some of the first postcards, starred in some of the earliest silent movies, and was the subject of a couple of the earliest photos, dating all the way back to the 1800s. I discovered even more about one of humanity’s earliest forms of life art during several years of research around the world.
For example, snowmen were a phenomenon in the Middle Ages, built with great skill and thought. At a time of limited means of expression, snow was like free art supplies dropped from the sky. It was a popular activity for couples to leisurely walk through town to view the temporary works of chilly art. Some were created by famous artists, including a 19-year-old Michelangelo, who in 1494 was appointed by the ruler of Florence, Italy, to build a snowman in his mansion’s courtyard.
The Miracle of 1511 took place during six freezing works called the Winter of Death. The city of Brussels was covered in snowmen—an impressive scene that told stories on every street corner. Some were political in nature, criticizing the church and government. Some were a reflection of people’s imagination. For the pe ople of Brussels, this was a defining moment of defining freedom. At least until spring arrived, by which time they were dealing with damaging floods.
If you fear the heyday of the snowman has passed, don't worry: I've learned that some explosive snowman history is still being made today. Every year since 1818, the people of Zurich, Switzerland, celebrate the beginning of spring by blowing up a snowman. On the third Monday of April, the holiday Sechselauten is kicked off when a cotton snowman called the Boogg is stuffed with explosive and paraded through town by bakers and other tradesmen who throw bread to the crowds. The parade ends with the Boogg being placed on a 40-foot pile of firewood. After the bells of the Church of St. Peter have rung six times, representing the passing of winter, the pile is lit. When the snowman explodes, winter is considered officially over—the quicker it is burnt down, the longer summer is said to be.
(1)According to the passage, why did snowmen become a phenomenon in the Middle Ages?
A.People thought of snow as holy art supplies.
B.People longed to see masterpieces of snow.
C.Building snowmen was a way for people to express themselves.
D.Building snowmen helped people develop their skill and thought.
(2)“The heyday of the snowman” （paragraph 4）means the time when___________.
A. snowmen were made mainly by artists
B.snowmen enjoyed great popularity
C.snowmen were politically criticized
D.snowmen caused damaging floods
(3)In Zurich, the blowing up of the Boogg symbolizes__________________.
A.the start of the parade
B.the coming of a longer summer
C.the passing of the winter
D.the success of tradesmen
(4)What can be concluded about snowmen from the passage?
A.They were appreciated in history
B.They have lost their value
C.They were related to movies
D.They vary in shape and size
6.(2015·上海）阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项.
NANO MATERIAL NANO MATERIAL NANO MATERIAL 纳米材料 应用现状及发展趋势 北京有色金属研究总院李明怡 摘要纳米材料是近期发展起来的多功能材料,本文概述了纳米材料的结构特性、主要制备工艺及应用现状和发展趋势,由于纳米材料具有许多特殊功能和效应,将在工业和国防等领域中发挥巨大潜力,并将为人类社会带来巨大影响。 关键词纳米结构功能材料制备工艺应用现状发展趋势 1前言 纳米材料是指由极细晶粒组成,特征维度尺寸在1~100纳米范围内的一类固体材料,包括晶态、非晶态和准晶态的金属、陶瓷和复合材料等,是80年代中期发展起来的一种新型多功能材料。由于极细的晶粒和大量处于晶界和晶粒内缺陷中心的原子,纳米材料在物化性能上表现出与微米多晶材料巨大的差异,具有奇特的力学、电学、磁学、光学、热学及化学等诸方面的性能,目前已受到世界各国科学家的高度重视。以纳米材料及其应用技术为重要组成部分的纳米科学技术,被认为对当代科学技术的发展有着举足轻重的作用。美国IB M公司首席科学家Ar mstrong认为:/正像70年代微电子技术产生了信息革命一样,纳米科学技术将成为下一代信息的核心。0我国科学家钱学森也指出:/纳米左右和纳米以下的结构将是下一阶段科学技术发展的重点,会是一次技术革命,从而将引起21世纪又一次产业革命。0由于纳米科学技术具有极其重要的战略意义,美、英、日、德等国都非常重视这一技术的研究工作。美国国家基金会把纳米材料列为优先支持项目,拨巨款进行专题研究。英国从1989年起开始实施/纳米技术研究计划0。日本把纳米技术列为六大尖端技术探索项目之一,并提供1187亿美元的专款发展纳米技术。我国组织实施的新材料高技术产业化专项中也将纳米材料列为其中之一。纳米材料正在向国民经济和高技术各个领域渗透,并将为人类社会进步带来巨大影响。 2纳米材料的结构和特性 我们所使用的常规材料在三维方向上都有足够大的尺寸,具有宏观性。纳米材料则是一些低维材料,即在一维、二维甚至三维方向上尺寸极小,为纳米级(无宏观性),故纳米材料的尺寸至少在一个方向上是几个纳米长(典型为1~10nm)。如果在三维方向上都是几个纳米长,为3D纳米微晶,如在二维方向上是纳米级的,为2D纳米材料,如丝状材料和纳米碳管;层状材料或薄膜等为1D纳米材料。纳米颗粒可以是单晶,也可以是多晶,可以是晶体结构,也可以是准晶或无定形相(玻璃态);可以是金属,也可以是陶瓷、氧化物或复合材料等。纳米微晶的突出特征是晶界原子的比例很大,有时与晶内的原子数相等。这表明纳米微晶内界面很多,平均晶粒直径越小,晶界 20
2015年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试 上海英语试卷 第I卷（共103分） I. Listening Comprehension SectionA Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the questions you have heard. 1. A. impatient B. confused C. pleased D. regretful 2. A. at a bus stop B. at a laundry C. at the dentist‘s D. at the chemist‘s 3. A. An actor B. A salesman C. A translator D. A writer 4. A. He lost his cla ssmate‘s homework. B. He can‘t help the woman with her math. C. He broke the woman‘s calculator. D. He doesn‘t know where the ―on‖ button is. 5. A. The woman should go to another counter. B. The woman gives the man so many choices. C. The man dislike the sandwiches offered there. D. The man is having trouble deciding what to eat. 6. A. She has no idea where to find the man‘s exam result. B. She isn‘t allowed to tell students their grades. C. Dr. White hasn‘t finish grading the papers. D. Dr. White doesn‘t want to be contacted while he‘s away. 7. A. Move to a neat dormitory B. Find a person to share their apartment C. Clean the room with the roommate D. Write an article about their roommate 8. A. Bob won‘t take her advice B. Bob doesn‘t want to go abroad C. She doesn‘t think Bob should study overseas D. She hasn‘t talked to Bob since he went aboard 9. A. The snack bar isn‘t usually so empty. B. Dessert is served in the snack bar. C. The snack bar is near the library. D. Snacks aren‘t allowed in the library. 10. A. Take her bicycle to the repair shop. B. Leave her bicycle outside. C. Clean the garage after the rain stops . D. Check if the garage is dry. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be askedthree questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. It helps care for customers‘ dogs. B. You have to buy food for dogs. C. None of the dogs are caged. D. There is a dog named Princess. 12. A. She likes the food there. B. She enjoys the fun with a pet. C. She can have free coffee. D. She doesn‘t like to be alone. 13. A. A new kind of cafe. B. A new brand of cafe. C. A new home for pets. D. A new way to raise pets. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
2015年上海高考英语试卷（听力略） II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. (A) Gift from a stranger My local supermarket is always busy. The first parking space I found was convenient, but I'd noticed a woman in a blue car circling for a while. (25) _____ I was in a good mood, I let her have it. On the edge of the car park I backed into the next available spot—it was a tight fit. Pretty soon I'd made my way through the supermarket and was back in the fresh air. Feeling good, I (26) _____(empty) my purse change into the hands of a homeless man and helped a struggling woman reverse park（倒车）. Just as I approached my car, 1 saw the woman I'd let have my car space earlier. She was giving me (27) _____ odd look—half puzzled, half intent (热切的). I smiled and wished her a pleasant day. As I squeezed back into my car, I spotted the same lady (28) _____ (look) in at me. "Hello," she said, hesitantly. "This (29) _____ sound crazy but I was on my way to drop some of my mother's things off at the charity bins.‖ You are just so much (30) _____ her.‖ You helped those people, I noticed, and you seemed so happy.‖ She looked at me meaningfully and passed a box in through the window. ―I think she would like you to have it.‖ (31) _____ (shock), I took it from her automatically. She smiled and walked away. After a pause, I opened the box. Inside was a beautiful gold necklace with a large grey pearl. It was (32) _____ (nice) gift I'd ever received, and it was from a complete stranger. The necklace was around my neck, a warm reminder of human kindness. (B) Ask helpful Hannah Dear helpful Hannah, I’ve got a problem with my husband, Sam. He bought a smart phone a couple of months ago and he took it on our recent ski vacation to Colorado, it was a great trip except for one problem. He has a constant urge (33) for next messages; he checks his phone every five minutes! He’s so addicted to it that he just can’t stand the idea (34) there may be an important text. He can’t help checking even at inappropriate times like when we are eating in a restaurant and I am talking to him! He behaves (35) any small amount of boredom can make him feel the need to check his phone even when he know he shouldn’t. The temptation to see (36) is connecting him is just too great. When I ask him to put down the phone and stop (37) (ignore) me, he say, ―In a minute.‖ but still checks to see if (38) has posted something new on the Internet. Our life (39) (interrupted). If we go somewhere and I ask him to have the phone at home, he suffers from withdrawal symptom. May this dependency on his smart phone has become more than an everyday problem. I recently read an article about ―nomophobia,‖ (40) is a real illness people can’t suffer from the fear of being without your phone! I am worried that Sam maybe suffering from this illness because he feels anxious if he doesn’t have his phone with him, even for a short time. Who would have thought that little devices like these could have brought so much trouble! Sick and Tired Sadie Section B
2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷） 英语试卷 第 卷(共103分) I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. It is satisfactory. B. It is luxurious. C. It is old-fashioned. D. It is disappointing. 2. A. On August 5th. B. On August 6th. C. On August 7th. D. On August 8th. 3. A. A waiter. B. A butcher. C. A porter. D. A farmer. 4. A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a booking office. D. In a furniture store.
纳米金属材料的发展与应用 摘要：纳米技术的诞生将对人类社会产生深远的影响，可能许多问题的发展都与纳米材料的发展息息相关。在纳米金属材料的研究中，它的制备、特性、性能和应用是比较重要的方面。本文概要的论述了纳米材料的发现发展过程，并结合当今纳米金属材料研究领域最前沿的技术和成果，简述了纳米材料在各方面的应用及其未来的发展前景。 关键词：纳米金属材料、纳米技术、应用 一、前言 纳米级结构材料简称为纳米材料(nanomater material)，是指其结构单元的尺寸介于1纳米～100纳米范围之间。由于它的尺寸已经接近电子的相干长度，它的性质因为强相干所带来的自组织使得性质发生很大变化。并且，其尺度已接近光的波长，加上其具有大表面的特殊效应，因此其所表现的特性，例如熔点、磁性、光学、导热、导电特性等等，往往不同于该物质在整体状态时所表现的性质。 纳米粒子异于大块物质的理由是在其表面积相对增大，也就是超微粒子的表面布满了阶梯状结构，此结构代表具有高表能的不安定原子。这类原子极易与外来原子吸附键结，同时因粒径缩小而提供了大表面的活性原子。 纳米技术在世界各国尚处于萌芽阶段，美、日、德等少数国家，虽然已经初具基础，但是尚在研究之中，新理论和技术的出现仍然方兴未艾。我国已努力赶上先进国家水平，研究队伍也在日渐壮大。 二、纳米材料的发现和发展 1861年，随着胶体化学的建立，科学家们开始了对直径为1~100nm的粒子体系的研究工作。1990年7月在美国召开了第一届国际纳米科技技术会议（International Conference on Nanoscience &Technology)，正式宣布纳米材料科学为材料科学的一个新分支。自20世纪70年代纳米颗粒材料问世以来，从研究内涵和特点大致可划分为三个阶段： 第一阶段（1990年以前）：主要是在实验室探索用各种方法制备各种材料的纳米颗粒粉体或合成块体，研究评估表征的方法，探索纳米材料不同于普通材料的特殊性能；研究对象一般局限在单一材料和单相材料，国际上通常把这种材料称为纳米晶或纳米相材料。 第二阶段（1990~1994年）：人们关注的热点是如何利用纳米材料已发掘的物理和化学特性，设计纳米复合材料，复合材料的合成和物性探索一度成为纳米材料研究的主导方向。 第三阶段（1994年至今）：纳米组装体系、人工组装合成的纳米结构材料体系正在成为纳米材料研究的新热点。国际上把这类材料称为纳米组装材料体系或者纳米尺度的图案材料。它的基本内涵是以纳米颗粒以及它们组成的纳米丝、管为基本单元在一维、二维和三维空间组装排列成具有纳米结构的体系。 三、纳米材料的应用 1、纳米磁性材料 在实际中应用的纳米材料大多数都是人工制造的。纳米磁性材料具有十分特别的磁学性质，纳米粒子尺寸小，具有单磁畴结构和矫顽力很高的特性，用它制成的磁记录材料不仅音质、图像和信噪比好，而且记录密度比γ-Fe2O3高几十
2015年上海市初中毕业统一学业考试英语试卷 （满分150分，考试时间100分钟） 考生注意：本卷有7大题，共94小题。试题均采用连续编号，所有答案务必按照规定在答题纸上完成，做在试卷上不给分。 Part 1 Listening （第一部分听力） I. Listening comprehension（听力理解）（共30分） A．Listen and choose the right picture（根据你听到的内容，选出相应的图片）（6分） 1. __________ 2. __________ 3. __________ 4. __________ 5. __________ 6. __________ B. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear（根据你听到的对话和问题，选出最恰当的答案）（8分） 7. A) A dog. B) A cat. C) A rabbit. D) A bird. 8. A) In France. B) In Britain. C) In Italy. D) In Germany. 9. A) At 6:30. B) At 7:00. C) At 7:30. D) At 8:00. 10. A) Sam. B) Judy. C) Kitty. D) Eddie. 11. A) Spring. B) Summer. C) Autumn. D) Winter. 12. A) Because a huge dog ran after her. B) Because she had a terrible dream. C) Because her dad woke her up. D) Because the street was too dark. 13. A) Walking to his office. B) Looking for a flat. C) Taking some pictures. D) Decorating his bedroom. 14. A) How to make movies. B) How to read novels. C) How to learn English. D) How to talk with foreigners. C. Listen to the dialogue and tell whether the following statements are true or false（判断下列句子是否符合你听到的对话内容，符合的用“T”表示，不符合的用“F”表示）（6分） 15. The boy went to a store to choose a mobile phone for his mum. 16. With the help of the shop assistant, the boy knew how the phone worked. 17. The price of the white phone was too high for the boy. 18. The white phone couldn’t be used to send emails or play games. 19. At last, the boy bought a phone of the same model as the shop assistant’s.
2015年高考全国1卷英语试题及答案 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分60分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项 涂黑。 A Monthly T alks at London Canal Museum Our monthly talks start at 19:30 on the first Thursday of each month except August. Admission is at normal charges and you don’t need to book. They end around 21:00. November 7th The Canal Pioneers, by Chris Lewis. James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers. He was also a major player in training others in the art of canal planning and building. Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such a positive contribution to the education of that group of early “civil engineers”. December 5th
Ice for the Metropolis, by Malcolm Tucker. Well before the arrival of freezers, there was a demand for ice for food preservation and catering, Malcolm will explain the history of importing natural ice and the technology of building ice wells, and how London’s ice trade grew. February 6th An Update on the Cotswold Canals, by Liz Payne. The Stroudwater Canal is moving towards reopening. The Thames and Severn Canal will take a little longer. We will have a report on the present state of play. March 6th Eyots and Aits-Thames Islands,by Miranda Vickers. The Thames had many islands. Miranda has undertaken a review of all of them. She will tell us about those of greatest interest. Online bookings:https://www.doczj.com/doc/ef2838055.html,/book More info:https://www.doczj.com/doc/ef2838055.html,/whatson London Canal Museum 12-13 New Wharf Road, London NI 9RT https://www.doczj.com/doc/ef2838055.html, www.canalmuseum.mobi
绝密★启用前 2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海 卷） 英语 第I 卷（105分） I . Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A;you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a questi on will be asked about what was said. The con versati ons and the questi ons will be spoke n only once. After you hear a conversatio n and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best an swer to the questi on you have heard. 1. A. At a train stati on. B. At an airport. C. At a travelage ncy. 2. A. $5. B. $10. C. $15. 3. A. Recepti onistand guest. B. Salespers on and customer. C. Doctor and patie nt. 4. A. Excited. B. Dissatisfied. 5. A. Her hair has cha nged. C. She prefers to wear long hair. 6. A. It is too early to watch the Tale nt Show. C. He would rather watch TV than go to bed. 7. A. She has got everyth ing ready. C. She hates pack ing by herself. 8. A. They should wait for Joh n for a while. C. They should start the meeting right away. 9. A. She is unwilling to move into a new flat. C. Bored. B. She isn ' t satisfied with her hair style. D. The man has cha nged his hair style. B. He will go to bed in five minutes. D. He is old eno ugh to stay up. B. She n ever hesitates over what to take. D. She n eeds more time for pack ing. B. They should stay here for the ni ght. D. They should call Joh n at on ce. B. Her neighbors get along well with her. D. At a bus stati on. D. $50. D. Waiter and diner. D. Exhausted. C. She can ' t tell the man why she is moving. D. Her neighbors usually play their TV loud. 10. A. Ask for direct ions. B. Try a differe nt route. C. Go back for the map. D. Cancel their trip. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked to questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questi ons will be spoke n only once. When you hear a questi on, read the four possible an swers on your paper and decide which one would be the blest an swer to the questi on you have heard. Questi ons 11 through 13 are based on the follow ing passage. 11. A. A political system. B. Religio n. 12. A. Discuss curre nt issues. C. Attend an arts and crafts competition. 13. A. The Commo nwealth Games. C. The Com mon wealth members. C. Work ing Ian guage. B. Join in a writing competition. D. Celebrate their frien dship. B. An importa nt holiday. D. An intern ati onal associati on. D. Race. Questio ns 14 through 16 are based on the follow ing n ews. 14. A. Equipp ing stude nts with kno wledge. B. Qualify ing stude nts for certa in jobs. C. Develop ing stude nts ' habits of min d.D. Help ing stude nts to go to graduate school. 15. A. The ability to have critical an alysis. C. Logical use of in formatio n. 16. A. Goals to reach in a college educati on. C. Qualifications needed for a job. Section C B. Creative use of leisure time. D. Willi ngn ess to accept un certa in ty. B. Roles of kno wledge in stude nts ' growth. D. Importa nee of after-class activities. Directions: In Sectio n C, you will hear two Ion ger con versati ons. The con versati ons will be read twice. After you hear each con versati on, you are required to fill in the nu mbered bla nks with the in formatio n you have heard. Write your an swers on your an swer sheet. Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer. ________________________________ Complaint Form _________________________________ Caller: Mary White Phone No.: ____ 17 . Location of Problem: A 18 restaura nt , 449 Sha nghai Street Details: It dumps its 19 on the street. It doesn ' t put bottles and cans in 20 bins. Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation. . Grammar and Vocabulary Section A
2016年上海市高考英语试卷 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1．（1分）A．It is satisfactory． B．It is luxurious． C．It is old﹣fashioned． D．It is disappointing． 2．（1分）A．On August 5th． B．On August 6th． C．On August 7th． D．On August 8th． 3．（1分）A．A waiter． B．A butcher． C．A porter． D．A farmer． 4．（1分）A．In a theatre． B．In a library． C．In a booking office． D．In a furniture store． 5．（1分）A．She expected to a better show． B．She could hardly find her seat． C．She wasn't interested in the show． D．She didn't get a favourable seat． 6．（1分）A．The woman often eats out for breakfast．
纳米材料及其应用前景 摘要:21世纪，纳米技术、纳米材料在科技领域将扮演重要角色。纳米技术是当今世界最有前途的决定性技术之一。本文简要地概述了纳米材料的基本特性以及其在力学、磁学、电学、热学等方面的主要应用，并简单展望了纳米材料的应用前景。 关键词：纳米材料；功能；应用； 一、纳米材料的基本特性 所谓纳米材料是指材料基本构成单元的尺寸在纳米范围即1~100纳米或者由他们形成的材料。由于纳米材料是由相当于分子尺寸甚至是原子尺寸的微小单元组成，也正因为这样，纳米材料具有了一些区别于相同化学元素形成的其他物质材料特殊的物理或是化学特性例如：其力学特性、电学特性、磁学特性、热学特性等，这些特性在当前飞速发展的各个科技领域内得到了应用。科学家们和工程技术人员利用纳米材料的特殊性质解决了很多技术难题，可以说纳米材料特性促进了科技进步和发展。 1、力学性质 高韧、高硬、高强是结构材料开发应用的经典主题。具有纳米结构的材料强度与粒径成反比。纳米材料的位错密度很低，位错滑移和增 殖符合Frank-Reed模型，其临界位错圈的直径比纳米晶粒粒径还要大，增殖后位错塞积的平均间距一般比晶粒大，所以纳米材料中位错滑移和 增殖不会发生，这就是纳米晶强化效应。金属陶瓷作为刀具材料已有50 多年历史，由于金属陶瓷的混合烧结和晶粒粗大的原因其力学强度一直 难以有大的提高。应用纳米技术制成超细或纳米晶粒材料时，其韧性、 强度、硬度大幅提高，使其在难以加工材料刀具等领域占据了主导地位。 使用纳米技术制成的陶瓷、纤维广泛地应用于航空、航天、航海、石油 钻探等恶劣环境下使用。 2、热学性质 纳米材料的比热和热膨胀系数都大于同类粗晶材料和非晶体材料的值，这是由于界面原子排列较为混乱、原子密度低、界面原子耦合作用 变弱的结果。因此在储热材料、纳米复合材料的机械耦合性能应用方面 有其广泛的应用前景。例如Cr-Cr2O3颗粒膜对太阳光有强烈的吸收作 用，从而有效地将太阳光能转换为热能。 3、电学性质 由于晶界面上原子体积分数增大，纳米材料的电阻高于同类粗晶材料，甚至发生尺寸诱导金属——绝缘体转变（SIMIT）。利用纳米粒子的 隧道量子效应和库仑堵塞效应制成的纳米电子器件具有超高速、超容量、超微型低能耗的特点，有可能在不久的将来全面取代目前的常规半导体 器件。2001年用碳纳米管制成的纳米晶体管，表现出很好的晶体三极管 放大特性。并根据低温下碳纳米管的三极管放大特性，成功研制出了室 温下的单电子晶体管。随着单电子晶体管研究的深入进展，已经成功研 制出由碳纳米管组成的逻辑电路。
2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 上海英语试卷 （已反复核对，希望最大限度保证准确） 考生注意： ? 考试时间 ??分钟，试卷满分 ??分。 ? 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。试卷分为第?卷（第 ???页）和第??卷（第 ?页），全卷共 ?页。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 ? 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。 第?卷 ?共 ??分? ?? ????????? ????????????? ?????? ? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ??◆ ??●● ???? ??? ????? ????????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????????????? ? ?◆?????? ??●● ?? ????? ???◆? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????????????? ??? ??? ?◆??????? ??●● ?? ?????? ??●? ????? ????? ??◆ ???? ? ???????????? ??? ??? ?◆?????? ???◆? ??? ???? ??? ??◆? ??????●? ??????? ?? ??◆? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???
?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?◆?????? ??◆ ???? ?????? ? ?? ?????????? ?? ????◆???? ?? ?●?????? ?? ???????◆●? ? ?? ?? ? ?◆? ????? ?? ?? ? ●?◆????? ?? ?? ??? ?????????? ?? ?? ??? ?????????? ? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ? ??●?????? ?? ? ?????●????? ?? ? ??????? ? ?? ?? ●??? ??? ?●????????? ????????? ?? ?? ????? ??●? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ??●?◆●????? ? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?◆???? ??? ? ?? ??? ????? ???◆●? ?? ?? ??????? ??◆???? ? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ? ??? ??? ???●???? ??? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???◆?●? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???◆●?? ? ??? ????? ?●●???? ?? ??●● ??◆????? ????? ??????? ? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ?????????