英语专八考试翻译评分标准
英译汉评分标准：按照“忠实60% + 通顺40%”的标准整体打分
优秀
（100-90）良好（89-90）
中等（79-70）
及格（69-60）
不及格（59分
以下）
忠实60% 原文的信息全
部传达，语气
和文体风格与
原文一致
除个别次要信息有
疏漏之外，原文的
重要信息全部传
达，语气和文体风
格与原文一致
有少量理解错误
或个别漏译，但主
要精神与原文一
致
有个别重大错误或
遗漏，部分信息含
混，但总体上基本
达意
误译、漏译较
多，不能传达
原文主要精神
通顺40% 断句恰当，句
式正确。选词
妥帖。段落之
间、句子之间
互应自然，有
一定文采
选词较正确、得体。
句子组织与安排符
合汉语规范
拘泥于英文的句
式，行文不够顺
达，但没有重大的
选词和句式错误
语句不够连贯，行
文灰色，有个别重
大的选词和句式错
误
用词不当，行
文不通顺，语
言不符合汉语
规范
汉译英评分标准：按照“忠实60% + 通顺40%”的标准整体打分
优秀（100-90）良好（89-90）中等（79-70）及格（69-60）不及格（59分以下）
忠实60% 原文的信息全部
传达，语气和文
体风格与原文一
致
除个别次要信息
有疏漏之外，原文
的重要信息全部
传达，语气和文体
风格与原文一致
有少量理解错
误或个别漏译，
但主要精神与
原文一致
有个别重大错
误或遗漏，部分
信息含混，但总
体上基本达意
误译、漏译较
多，不能传达
原文主要精
神
通顺40% 句式处理恰当，
选词妥帖，英语
比较地道
语言基本合乎英
语规范。行文比较
流畅
有个别句子结
构错误和词不
达意现象。行文
不够流畅
有逐字硬译，不
符合英语表达
习惯的现象。句
子不连贯，比较
费解
有大量的语
法和用词错
误。1/3以上
的句子生搬
硬套，不知所
云
英语专业八级考试翻译评分标准(Grade Score Description)
5 10-9 EXCELLENT TRANSLATION
The translation faithfully reflects all the original passage with only 1 or 2 minor errors in vocabulary, syntax, punctuation or spelling. The translation is elegant (appropriate choice of words, a variety in sentence patterns).
4 8-7 GOOD TRANSLATION WITH FEW INACCURACIES
The translation reflects almost all the original passage with relatively few significant errors of vocabulary, syntax, spelling or punctuation. The translation is readable (generally clear, smooth and cohesive).
3 6-5 PASSABLE TRANSLATION WITH SOME INACCURACIES
The translation adequately reflects most of the original passage with occasional errors of vocabulary, syntax, spelling or punctuation. The translation is, for the most part, readable.
2 4-
3 INADEQUATE TRANSLATION WITH FREQUENT INACCURACIES
The translation only reflects about half of the original passage with frequent errors of vocabulary, syntax, spelling or punctuation. The translation is, in some parts, unreadable.
1 2-1 POOR TRANSLATION
The translation reflects less than half of the original passage. Almost all sentences contain errors of vocabulary, syntax, spelling or punctuation. The translation is , for the most part, unreadable.
英语四级翻译常用词汇：123个中文高频成语翻译 Automation 1502 YuDeyu 一、复习建议： 1. 加强历史、文化、经济以及社会发展相关热词的积累 2. 广撒网，学习、揣摩这些话题相关的难点单句训练 做这些单句训练时，先阅读1遍整个段落，专门挑出自己觉得比较难翻的句子，然后重点练习这一句的翻译。难句会了，简单句自然不在话下。 在做单句翻译时，先尝试自己翻，翻完以后，对照答案，看解析，总结和揣摩其中好的 词汇和表达。下面请大家跟着教研君给出的常考单句示例，具体学习吧~ 1. 对于大多数年轻人来说，结婚意味着独立组建家庭，然而物价的不断上涨使这一切 变得越来越困难。 参考译文：For most young people, marriage means s etting up a family independently, which has become increasingly difficult because of the constantly rising prices. 词汇点评： 组建家庭：set up a family。有同学容易使用start a family。start a family表示begin to have children“开始生儿育女”。 越来越：一般看到“越来越”大家习惯译为more and more，比如“越来越多的人”more and more people，但译为 a growing number of people可令人眼前为之一亮；而表达“变 得越来越”的含义时，使用become increasingly的译法更好。 物价的不断上涨：constantly rising prices，而不是price rising。 表达点评： 本句是一个表转折关系的并列句，后半句中的“物价的不断上涨使这一切……”中的“这一切”指代前半句中提到的“结婚意味着独立组建家庭”，因此，用which引导的非限制性定语从句，让整个句子简洁明了。 使字句的翻译：“物价的不断上涨”是“这一切变得困难”的原因，因此处理为原因状 语，用because of…来带出原因。 2. 过去十年中国房地产（real estate）行业高速发展。 参考译文：The past decade has witnessed a high-speed development in China's real estate. 词汇点评： 十年：decade 高速发展：develop rapidly; high-speed development 表达点评：
第一章 考研翻译基础知识 一翻译的定义 二翻译的标准和翻译的方法 三翻译的基本过程 四考研翻译的核心解题策略 第二章翻译技巧：词法翻译法 一词义选择和词义引申 二词性转换 三增词法 四省略法 第三章翻译技巧：句法翻译法 一名词性从句的翻译 二定语从句的翻译 三状语从句的翻译 四被动结构的翻译 第一讲翻译的定义 翻译是一门语言的艺术，是语言之间的转换，是在准确理解的基础上用一种语言来忠实的表达另外一种语言。 考研翻译简介 （一）考研翻译考查内容和形式 根据全国硕士研究生统一考试英语考试大纲规定，考研翻译“主要考查考生准确理解内容或结构复杂的英语材料的能力。要求考生阅读一篇约400词的文章，并将其中5个划线部分（约150词）译成汉语，要求译文准确、完整、通顺。考生在答题卡2上作答。”以2007年考研翻译题为例，考生在试卷上阅读的是一篇完整的文章，翻译的是5个划线部分。如： （二）考研翻译的评分标准 根据大纲规定，考研翻译的评分标准如下： 5个小题，每题2分，共10分。 ·如果句子译文明显扭曲原文意义，该句得分最多不超过0.5分。 ·如果考生就一个题目提供了两个或两个以上的译法，若均正确，给分；如果其中一个译法有错，按错误译法评分。 ·中文错别字不个别扣分，按整篇累计扣分。在不影响意思的前提下，满三个错别字扣0.5分，无0.25扣分。 （三）考研翻译今年考题特点和内容 根据对大纲和最近十几年来考研翻译已经考过的真题的分析，我们发现考研翻译具有如下明显的特点。 首先，考研翻译的短文内容大多是涉及当前人们普遍关注的社会生活、政治、经济、历史、文化、哲学、心理和科普方面的题材。其体裁基本上是议论文。如： 1990年：人的性格和行为分析 1991年：能源与农业
任何年满18岁的人都有资格投票（vote）.(be eligible to ) Anyone over the age of 18 is eligible to vote. 每学期开学前，这些奖学金的申请表格就会由学校发给每一个学生。(apply for,scholarship) A form to apply for scholarships is sent by the university to each student before the start of each semester . 遵照医生建议，我决定戒烟。（on the advice of） On the advice of my doctor, I decided to give up smoking . 公司位于县城的正中央.(Be located in) The park is located right in the center of town . 这所大学提供了我们所需的所有材料和设备。(Facilities) The university provides all the materials and facilities we desire. 警察们正忙着填写关于这场事故的各种表格。（fill out） The policemen are busy filling out forms about the accident. 我想在还车之前把邮箱（fuel tank）加满（fill up） I want to fill up the fuel tank before returning the car. 如果你要投诉，最好遵循正确的程序。（follow the procedure） If you want to make a complaint,you would better follow the correct procedure. 要不是约翰帮忙，我们绝不会这么快就完成实验。（without） We could not have finished the experiment so soon without John’s help. 暴风雨之后，岸边的人们焦急地搜索湖面以期待发现小船的踪迹。 After the storm of boat the people on the store anxiously scanned the lake for any sign. 我们需要通过减少道路上的车辆以降低燃料消耗。（consumption） We need to cut down on our fuel consumption by having fewer cars on the road. 电费上涨增加了我们的负担。（add to） The rise in power costs has added to our burden. 你应该自己判断行事，别总是跟在你哥哥后面。（follow the lead） You should fudge by yourself,and not always follow your brother’s. 那种发型今年很流行，但是我想明年就会过时。（in fashion） That hair style is in fashion this year,but I an afraid it will be out of fashion next year. 在追求真理的过程中，我们注定（fate to）要遭受失败的痛苦。（in one’s quest for） In our quest for truth, we are fated to suffer from many failures. 我们得把感情放在一边，从专业的（professinal）角度来对待这件事。（from a```stand point）We have to put aside our emotions and take it from a professional stand point. 这部戏非常精彩，我很快就沉浸于激动人心的剧情之中。（lose oneself in of ） The plan was so wonderful that I soon lost myself in the excitement in of it. 她没有什么爱好——除非你把看电视也算是一种爱好。 She hasn’t got any hobbies---unless you call watching TV a hobby. 他说他是直接从市长本人那里得到这个信息的。（first-hand） He said he had got the information first-hand from the major himself. 既然你不能回答这个问题，我们最好问问别人。（since） Since you can not answer the question, perhaps we would better ask someone else. 那件工作很难做，不过我想试试看。（have a shot） It is a difficult iob but I’d like to have a shot. 这是一本关于商务实践而非理论的书。（as opposed to）
浙江广播电视大学 英语专业(开放本科) 《翻译理论与实践》期末复习 题型： 一、选择题（每小题2分，共20分） 二、翻译句子。（每小题3分，共30分） 三、篇章翻译（每小题40分，共40分） 四、案例分析题（每小题10分，共10分） 一、选择题（每小题2分，共20分） 1.美国语言学家罗曼.雅各布森把翻译分成__________。 A. 语内翻译 B. 语际翻译 C. 符际翻译 D. 以上选项都正确 2. 下面哪个选项是错误的？_________。 A. dry goods：纺织品B．white goods：白色的货物 C．white wine：白葡萄酒D．toilet water：花露水 3. “This is a special offer and is not subject to our usual discounts” 请问下面哪个译文最合适？________。 A. 这是特殊报盘，不以我方通常折扣为条件。 B. 这是特惠报盘，我方通常折扣不适应于此盘。 C. 此系特惠报盘，不另加我方通常折扣。 D. 这是特殊报盘，不局限于我们通常折扣。 4．下面哪句话的描述是错误的？________。 A．美国著名翻译理论家奈达提出了“动态对等”原则。 B．“动态对等”原则是指，运用交际理论和信息论的原理，将焦点从传统的译文与原文两个文本的比较转移到两个过程的比较，使人们注意到影响信息接收的各种语言和文化因素。C．奈达曾将“动态对等”的提法改成了“功能对等”原则。 D．翻译求的是“形式对等”，而非”动态对等”。
5．_________提出了“美化之艺术，创优似竞赛”的翻译理念。 A．尤金.奈达B．泰特勒 C．许渊冲D．鲁迅 6. 下面哪个配对是错误的？_____。 A．赤脚医生：barefoot doctor B．纸老虎：paper tiger C．to show one’s cards：摊牌D．大海捞针：look for a needle in sea D B C D C D 7.哪句话的描述是正确的？______。 A. 严复提出的翻译是：重神似不重形似 B. 傅雷的翻译标准是：信、达、雅 C. 许渊冲的翻译标准是：美化之艺术，创优似竞赛 D. 泰特勒的翻译标准是：通顺 8. 下面哪个选项是错误的？_________。 A. dry State：实行禁酒的州B．white goods：白色的货物 C．dry white wine：涩白酒D．toilet water：花露水 9. 泰特勒(Tytler)提出的著名翻译原则是：_______。 A. 译文应完整地再现原文的思想内容。 B. 译文的风格、笔调应与原文的性质相同。 C. 译文应像原文一样流畅自然。 D. 以上选项都正确。 10．下面哪个选项是正确的？________。 A．bring down the house 翻译为：“推倒房子” B．pull up one's socks 翻译为：鼓起勇气 C．think a great deal of oneself 翻译为：“为自己想得很多” D．an apple of love 翻译为：“爱情之果” 11．A book, tight shut, is but a block of paper.下面哪个译文是最合适的？_____。A．一本书，紧紧合上，只是一叠纸。 B．一本书，如果紧紧合上不读，只是一叠纸。 C．一本书，如果紧紧合上不读，只是一叠废纸。 D．闲置之书只是一叠废纸。
历年四级段落型翻译真题 Roger Li 2014年6月大学英语四级翻译 试卷一：中餐 许多人喜欢中餐，在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看，烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养(nutrition)。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以中餐既味美又健康。 译文： Many people like Chinese food. In China, cooking is viewed as not only a skill but also a form of art. The well-prepared Chinese food is both delicious and good-looking. Although cooking methods and food ingredients vary wildly in different places of China, it is common for good cuisine to take color, flavor, taste and nutrition into account. Since food is crucial to health, a good chef is insistently trying to seek balance between cereal, meat and vegetable, and accordingly Chinese food is delicious as well as healthy. 试卷二：信息技术 信息技术(Information Technology)，正在飞速发展，中国公民也越来越重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。一部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。另一部分人认为这是应该的，中国就应该与时俱进。不管怎样，信息技术引起广大人民的重视是一件好事。 译文： As Chinese citizens are attaching increasing importance to the rapidly developing Information Technology, some colleges even set it as a compulsory course. In regard to this, people hold different opinions. Some people view it as unnecessary move, for students should learn the traditional curriculum. Other thinks it is a need, because China should keep pace with the times. Anyway, it is a good thing that Information Technology arouses public concern. 试卷三：茶文化 "你要茶还是咖啡?"是用餐人常被问到的问题，许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶，相传，中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶，并用来治病，在明清(the qing dynasties)期间，茶馆遍布全国，饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到18世纪才传到欧美，如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料(beverage)之一，茶是中国的瑰宝。也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。译文： "Would you like tea or coffee?" That’s a question people often asked when having meal. Most westerners would choose coffee, while the Chinese would like to choose tea. According to legend, tea was discovered by a Chinese emperor five thousand years ago, and then was used to cure disease. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, tea houses were all over the country. Tea drinking spread to Japan in the 6th century, but it was not until the 18th century does it spread to Europe and America. Nowadays, tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world, and it is not only the treasure of China but also an important part of Chinese tradition and culture. 试卷四：中国结 中国结最初是由手工艺人发明的，经过数百年不断的改进，已经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。在古代，人们用它来记录事件，但现在主要是用于装饰的目的。“结”在中文里
考研英语翻译技巧讲解 【勤思整理转载请注明】 翻译技巧补充 一、英译汉概述 英译汉部分主要测试考生根据上下文准确理解英语句子并用汉语正确予以表达的能力。要求考生阅读一篇文章，并将其中5个划线部分的句子（约150词）翻译成中文，译文应准确、完整、通顺。划线的句子一般结构比较复杂，以考查考生的语法知识，以及正确理顺句子各部分关系的能力。 要在英译汉部分得高分，认真分析此类试题的特点和掌握基本的解题要领是很有必要的。 一、英译汉试题的选材 从体裁上看，英译汉试题的短文多为议论文或说明文，词数基本上在350~450之间。从题材上看，短文的内容涉及社会生活、科普、政治、经济、历史、文化等领域人们普遍关心的问题。 年份（年）题材词数 1998 宇宙的形成376 1999 历史学的研究方法326 2000 现代政府依赖专家人才381 2001 科学技术影响人类的未来生活405 2002 行为科学339 2003 人类学376 2004 语言学中萨皮尔——沃尔夫假说的形成355 2005 欧洲的电视媒体425 2006 “知识分子”的定义412 2007 法律教育对于新闻报道的意义423 二、英译汉试题的考查目标和标准 从语言技能方面，英译汉考查的要点是理解和表达，主要集中在词汇和句法两个层面，考生对原文要有充分的理解，每个词的含义，每个句子的结构，都必须透彻理解，同时又必须上下通顺连贯，浑然天成；此外，考生还要有较强的表达能
力，即较强的中英文写作功底，杜绝亦步亦趋、逐字逐句死译的毛病，提高把握整体的能力。要实现这些目标，考生在翻译时要： 1.根据上下文推测词义，选择确定恰当的词义并用汉语准确表达； 2.理解英语特殊的表意方式和语序，并能准确地转换成符合汉语习惯的句子； 3.理解句子的句法结构、文章的总体结构以及单句之间、段落之间的关系，并以此为基础用汉语进行准确表达； 4.根据上下文进行有关的判断、推理和引申并用汉语进行正确表达；理解作者的意图、观点或态度并采用恰当的语域用汉语进行准确表达。 根据研究生入学考试大纲中对英译汉的要求，衡量翻译效果的主要标准：一是“准确”，二是“通顺”。所谓“准确”，就是译文要忠实于原文，准确地表达原文的内容和观点，不得随意增补，不能遗漏，不能加入自己的立场观点。当然，“忠于原文”并不是要逐字逐句地机械地翻译。过分拘泥于原文反而经常造成译文的生涩难懂。“通顺”，则是指译文语言合乎汉语的规范和语言习惯，不要有语病、错别字，力求做到明白晓畅。 三、造成翻译难度的原因 从历年考生答题的情况看，英译汉部分得分普遍不高。英译汉之所以难，究其根本原因是英汉之间的差异错综复杂，既有语言表达方式方面的不同，又有思维逻辑以及文化习俗等方面的不同，这些都造成理解和表达上的重重困难。英译汉的难点在试题中主要反映在以下几个方面： 1.词义的确定、句子的理解都依赖上下文 英汉两种语言，除一些专用名词、科技术语以外，绝对等值的词为数很少，原因主要是英语词汇一词多类、一词多义的现象。在多数情况下一个英语单词往往有好几个，甚至几十个意思，错综复杂。例如英语的like同时兼类动词、名词、介词和形容词，含义更是五花八门。因此，词义对上下文的依赖性较大。确定的、充分的词义必须到上下文中去寻找。如果只记住某个单词的一、两个基本意义，便不分场合，不加区别地套译原文，往往会使译文生硬难懂，甚至歪曲原义。因此，译者必须十分谨慎，要对原文的词义做深入细致的分析，根据上下文所构成的语言环境来确定词义，从而准确无误地译出原意。 2.抽象名词多 英语中大量名词特别是抽象名词的罗列增加了理解和翻译的难度。抽象名词是表达抽象概念的名词，它的翻译是一个非常复杂的问题, 需要根据上下文来具体地确定这些抽象名词的汉语表达。但是, 我们应该遵循一个基本的原则, 即把抽象意义具体化, 把抽象名词转化为具体名词或含有具体特指性的词。有时需要增词翻译或者改换说法。例如tension, complacency，unemployment这类抽象名词，译成汉语时可分别在“紧张”后面加上“局势”，“自满”后面增加“情绪”，
Unit1 A new study shows that dogs can detect if someone has cancer just by sniffing the person’s breath. Ordinary household dogs with only a few weeks of basic training learn to accurately distinguish between breath samples of lung- and breast-cancer patients and healthy subjects.One expert, who led the research, said, “Our study provides compelling evidence that cancers hidden beneath the skin can be detected simply by (dogs’) examining the odors of a person’s breath.” Early detection of cancers greatly improves a patient’s survival chances, and researchers hope that man’s best friend, the dog, can become an important tool in early screening. Unit 2 A research team recently replicated a bacterium’s genetic structure entirely from l aboratory chemicals, moving one step closer to creating the world’s first artificial organism. The researchers said, “It’s the second step of a three-step process to create a synthetic organism. But the final step could prove far more difficult.” Nonetheless, the research is pushing forward at a rapid pace. Last June, the team revealed details of an experiment in which researchers inserted the DNA of one species of bacterium into the cells of another. That process almost magically booted up the inserted genome. The research team hopes to use a similar trick to boot up the artificially created genome, so as to create a man-made living organism. Unit 3 In recent years, the psychologists from many countries banded together to do a research which indicated that continued income growth could make people apply themselves to an ongoing consumption race rather than promote overall happiness. Everyone has to spend more and more money in order to maintain a constant level of happiness. This is because our vanity and jealousy are functioning . The way to sort out them out is to cultivate the noble sentiment of being considerate and serving the society. People shouldn’t pin all their hopes on money. Instead , friends, family and work are also playing a very improtant role . Therefore, hapiness is not an inborn trait, but a talent which everyone can learn. Unit 4 I used to feel excited at teaching my students the elegant economic theories that could supposedly cure societal problems of all types. But what is the good of all my complex theories when people were dying of starvation on the sidewalks and porches across from my lecture hall? My lessons were like the American movies where the good guys always win. But when I emerged from the comfort of the classroom, I was faced with the reality of the city streets. Here good guys were mercilessly beaten and trampled. Daily life ws getting worse, and the poor were growing even poorer. Unit 5 No one thought that shy little Einstein would grow up to a prominent scientist. He was slow in learning to speak, and he often paused to consider what he would say during a conversation.In school, Albert Einstein was singled out by his teachers as a troublesome child because he liked to ask difficult strange questions. He did not like to memorize facts and rules, but was interested in what lay below the surface of things. When he was four or five years old, for instance, his father gave him a compass. Little Einstein was curious about the mysterious force that could keep a compass needle always pointing north, which prompted him to read widely in science. His real studies were mostly done at home by reading books on mathematics, physics, and philosophy. Unit 6 Most Americans have great vigor and enthusiasm. They prefer to discipline themselves rather than be disciplined by others. They pride themselves on their independence, their right to make their own minds. They tend to take the initiatives, even when there is a risk in doing so. They have courage and do not give in easily. They are considered sentimental. When they see a flag on ceremonial occasions, or attend parades celebrating Ame rica’s glorious past, tears may come to their eyes. They tend to be emotional at the reunions with family and friends, too. Sometimes, they can laugh at themselves and their country, while they will always remain intensely patriotic.
2019大学英语四级考试翻译试题（3） 1. In the budget for this building, they failed to __( 考虑价格增长的因素 ). 2. Only after I slapped him on the back ____( 他才发现我并高兴得叫起来 ). 3. I didn ' t even speak to him, ____( 更不用说与他讨论事情 ). 4. Some young people would rather try hard themselves to go through life than _____( 求助于他们的父母 ) with a sense of guilt. 5. The victim _____( 本来有机会活下来 ) if he had been taken to hospital in time . 参考答案： 1. consider/take into account the factor of increasing price. 「超级单词」Take…… into account=take…… into consideration 把……考虑在内 2. did he notice me and shouted with happiness 「超级句型」这是only引起的半倒装句，only+强调内容+助动词+主语+谓语+其它 3. let alone discuss with him 「超级短语」let alone用作连词，译为"更不用说了" 4. turn to their parents
考研xx万能解题技巧 一、简要介绍 翻译部分由一篇400字左右的文章组成，其中划出5个句子，要求考生在30分钟内译完。2002年题型更改之前，每句3分，一共15分，现在每句2分，一共10分。 二、有无必要通读全文? 完全没有必要。只有在以下两种情况下，才需要回头看看前文：1.出现it, he, they 等代词时，需要回读前文以确定它们所指代的人或物;2.出现某个单词有歧义，可作多种理解时。 三、如何做好翻译? 翻译有三个步骤：正确理解原文;用地道的译入语表达原文;对译文进行修改润色。 百分之百正确地理解原文，是做好翻译的前提。考生在已有的英语理解基础上，应针对翻译部分着重注意以下几个方面： 1.句子中相对应的部分。请看例句： The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem partly because other to find. to kindsbe directly obse rved and of explanations have bee n hard 这一句很明显可以分为A，B，C 三个部分，A 为果，B，C 为两个并列的原因。 明白了这一点，可以解决两个问题：1.全句大的结构可以确立为：之所以有A，部分原因是B，部分原因是C;2.B 部分中explanatory items 比较难以翻译，
尤其是item 一词，但结合C 部分，可以确定explanatory items 实际上就是explanations 的意思，短语other kinds of 进一步验证了这一点。 2.时态。英译汉时，常需借助着、了、过等助词和时间副词来表达原句的时态。 请看例句： There will be television chat shows hosted by robots…翻译本句，需添加届时一词来表达原文的将来时态。再请看： But even more...,for what they were seeing were the pa tterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago. 本句官方给出的参考译文是：因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。我认为，这个译文翻译的实际上是for what they saw 而不是for what they were seeing，换言之，它不足以表达一般过去时和过去进行时的区别。 再请看： ...anddigital age will have arrived. 有考生将其翻译成数字时代将会来到，体现的是一般将来时而不是将来完成时。 3.词的单复数，大小写等细节问题。 请看例句：Whether the Government should... 官方给出的参考译文将the Government 简单译成政府，不确切。定冠词the 以及government 首字母大写这两点明显表明此处的government 是特指。 本句前一句为: Federal policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs.genius dispute，可以确定，the Government 指的是联邦政府。 再请看：
II.20个单词词组翻译，平时讲课强调的词汇和表达。20分 (仅仅是部分，待补充) 等级制度a hierarchy of universal wants and needs 灵感需求aesthetic stimulation 多人关注的运动spectator sports 北京元谋人Peking Man 华北平原the Great North China Plain 战国时期the Warring States Period 天安门城楼Tian’anmen rostrum 紫禁城the grand royal compound of the Forbidden City/the old imperial palace 传统与现代的结合old meets new 人民大会堂the Great Hall of the People 武夷山风景区the Wuyishan Scenic Area 丹霞地貌Danxia landform 文人墨客men of letters 摩崖蚀刻cliff inscriptions 竹筏a bamboo raft 悬棺hanging coffins 云雾缭绕(be) shrouded with clouds and mists 天王殿the Heavenly King Hall 大雄宝殿the Grand Hall 卧佛殿the Hall of the Reclining Buddha 玉佛楼the Jade Buddha Chamber 方丈室the Abbot’s Room 佛光a back halo 观音Goddess of Mercy 弟子disciple 中国共产党the Communist Party of China 国务院the State Council 五星红旗the five-star red flag 义勇军进行曲the March of the V olunteers 社会主义市场经济the socialist market economy 好莱坞大片Hollywood blockbusters 悲惨世界Les Miserable 歌剧魅影Phantom of the Opera 最新技术state-of-the-art 弥漫节日的气氛be permeated with a jubilant atmosphere 身着节日的盛装in their holiday best 灯火辉煌a blaze of light 秋收冬藏autumn harvest and winter storage 春耕夏锄spring plowing and summer weeding 燕窝汤birds nest soup 鱼翅shark’s fin soup
翻译练习9---14参考 1、A) She doesn’t wea r her usual lipstick but wears some perfume today.抹口红 B) She wears a white dress, an orchid corsage, and a rather lovely, awkward smile. 她身穿白色连衣裙，胸前佩戴着淡紫色胸花，脸上露出一丝可爱羞涩的笑容。 C) She wears a permanent smile.她脸上始终带着微笑 D) She wears the slimness of her mother. 和她母亲一样苗条 E) She really wears her years well. 她保养得非常好. A)我很荣幸代表中国政府和人民向各位外来使节表示热烈欢迎。 I feel honored to express this warm welcome on behalf of Chinese government and people to distinguished diplomatic envoys. B)我以能在此设宴各位贵宾而深感荣幸和愉快。 It is my privilege and great pleasure to host this banquet in honor of all distinguished guests. C)请允许我请各位与我一起举杯，为我们两国的友谊和合作干杯！ May I ask you to join me in a toast to the friendship and cooperation between our two countries. A、请问您是来自加拿大的史密斯先生吗？Excuse me, are you Mr. Smith from Canada? A、久闻先生大名，我是加中贸易理事会上海办事处代表。我非常高兴能在上海招待加拿大贵宾。“有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎。”这句中国古话可以代表我此时此刻的心情。 I’ve long heard of you. I’m the representative of Canada Chinese Business Council, Shanghai Office. It gives me a feeling of special joy to have the opportunity of entertaining our distinguished guest from Canada. An old Chinese saying can express what I feel now, “how happy we are to meet friends from afar!” A、上海是中国重要的经济、金融、贸易、科技、信息和文化中心。相信您此次来访一定会有收获。Shanghai is China’s important center of economy, finance, trade, science and technology and culture. I believe your visit will be rewarding. B.I hope so. Now the whole world is watching with great interest the remarkable changes that are taking place in China, particularly in Shanghai. // Over the last decade, there has never been any place than Pudong that holds so much attention for our people in the business community. It is with this awareness that we come here to seek better ways of promoting our economic and financial cooperation. 希望如此，现在整个世界都在以极大兴趣关注中国正在发生的巨变，尤其是关注上海，在过去的十年里，没有任何一个地方像浦东那样对我国商业界产生了如此巨大的吸引力。正是基于对这一点的认识，我们来到上海寻求促进使我们在经济和金融方面的更好途径。 A 祝您的访问圆满成功，并祝您在上海过的愉快。 I wish your visit a complete success and wish you a pleasant stay in Shanghai. B Thank you for your warm reception. 谢谢你们的热情款待。 翻译练习10 1、I don’t think the Council can or should remain indifferent to these most serious violations of human rights. 我认为，安理会不能也不应对这些及其严重的侵犯人权的行为漠不关心。 2、Oddly enough, he didn’t seem to remember his own birthday. 说也奇怪，他似乎不记得自己的生日了。 3 We do not live to eat, but eat to live.我们活着不是为了吃饭，而吃饭是为了活着。 4 All the great truths are obvious truths. But all obvious truths are not great truths. 伟大的真理都是显而易见的道理，但不是所有显而易见的道理都是伟大真理。 5 Your arm looks like a hospital job. Are you all right?看上去你的胳膊好像动过手术。有什么不舒服吗？ 6 We are being exposed on a daily basis to new forms of bacteria and virus, and our immune systems are no match for this newly evolved risk. 我们每天都会遇到新的细菌和病毒的侵袭，可是我们的免疫功能却不足以抵御这种新的危险。