当前位置:文档之家› 汉译英技巧

汉译英技巧

汉译英技巧
汉译英技巧

一.Diction(选词).

(一)根据上下文context,抓住准确意思

1.老部下a former subordinate

2.芹菜长老了The celery is overgrown

3.老干部a veteran carder or a carder with great seniority

4.菜、肉煮老了overdone underdone

5.老百姓common people

6.老辈子(长辈)one’s elders

7.赌徒把老本输光了lose one’s last stakes

8.地主老财money bags

9.土匪老巢the bandits’ den

10.老成持重experienced and prudent

11.老处女spinster

12.老粗(没有文化)uneducated person/illiterate

13.老大难问题a knotty problem of long standing

14.揭某人老底dig up sb’s unsavory past

15.老掉牙的书an obsolete book

16.你排行老几? Where do you come in your family?

17.你算老几? Who the devil do you think you are?

18.我算老几! I’m a nobody.

19.她办事老练She is experienced and works with a sure hand.

20.该换你的老脑筋Get rid of your old way of thinking.

21.老气横秋lack youthful vigor

21.这是老生常谈It’s commonplace.

22.老祖宗forefather, ancestor

23.老实点! Behave yourself.

24.老主顾regular customer

25.老资格old-timer

26.老不死a person who has outlived his usefulness

27.老糊涂dotard

28.老虎钳vice

29.老黄牛willing ox; a person who serves the people wholeheartedly.

30.你认为我的月薪是500吗?那是老黄历啦。ancient history; obsolete practice.

31.老茧callus

32.老江湖a man of long experience

33.情场老手master in love affairs

34.他们之间的老交情long-standing friendship

35.老来少old in age but young in heart

36.走老路回家吧let’s go home the usual way.

37.江西老区old liberated area; old revolutionary base area.

38.摆老资格arrogant on account of one’s seniority.

39.老油子old campaigner

40.老调重弹 strike the same old tune up.

41.老没见到你啦,怪想你的。Haven’t seen you for ages.

1、敲锣打鼓闹元宵to celebrate the lantern Festival by beating gongs and drums

2、(母亲对儿子叫道):“打起精神,把作业做完”。Raise your spirits (cheer up)

to finish your homework

3、你的官再大,也不能打官腔.No matter how high you are in ranks, you mustn’t

talk like a bureaucrat.

4、杰克爱打小算盘,因而和同事们相处不好。Jack doesn’t get along well with

his colleagues since he is petty and scheming.

5、每次叫你办的事,你都打折扣。Discount Whatever I ask you to do, you fall

short of the requirement.

6、这是正经事,可别打哈哈。This is a serious matter. It’s no joke.

7、他率先发言,打破了僵局。He spoke first and thus broke the ice.

8、他俩打得火热。They two are on intimate terms.

9、他喜欢打抱不平.He is fond of defending others against injustices.

10、打杂do odds and ends(run errands)

11、和……打官司go to court against sb.

12、这个铁匠打了一把刀The black smith forged a knife.

13、打手电flash a torch 14、打摆子(患痢疾)suffer from malaria

15、两队结果打成平局The two teams ended in a draw (tie).

16、在比赛中打出风格give full play to one’s sportsmanship in the match

17、打出王牌play one’s trump card

18、打坚实基础lay a solid foundation for

19、给行李打包to pack the luggage

20、打得好,你太调皮了。You deserve the beating. You are too naughty.

21、找他办事,必须打点。Give bribes to sb.

22、打短工do an odd job(engage in a temporary job)

23、打错算盘to miscalculate

24、打个盹儿 to doze off

25、打圆场explain and smooth over the matter

26、打冷枪to snipe at sb

27、不怀好意地打量我to size me up viciously(look me up and down viciously)

28、他对此打埋伏He kept it in reserve.

29、再不规矩,我要打你屁股I’ll spank you if you don’t behave yourself.

30、打破旧框框,创造新局面。Break through the old stereotypes and open up a

new prospect

31、打情骂俏 to coquet with sb. 32、打秋千play on the swing

33、这个秘书已被打入冷宫This woman secretary is out of favor.

34、打退堂鼓 to beat a retreat(lose courage)

35、打下手 act as an assistant

36、打先锋 fight in the van

37 给坏人打掩护 to shield the evildoers

38、你住哪儿?我打游击。I sleep at no fixed place.

1、抓住大好时机,做出更大成绩。Grasp the golden chance and make greater

achievements

2、你为何大白天还睡觉?Why are you still in bed in broad daylight?

3、等长大了,我要经商When I’m grown-up, I’ll become a businessman.

4、这顶帽子你戴大了点This cap is a bit too loose for you.

5、大搞经济建设go all out with economic construction

6、大饱眼福sth. gluts my eyes

7、大不了,咱们再从头开始。If the worst comes to the worst,we’ll start

all over again.

8、大材小用 to waste talent on a petty job

9、大吃一顿have a square meal

10、事情办得之顺利,真是大出所料.Everything goes so smoothly. That’s well

beyond our expectation.

11、在大庭广众中,他大出洋相。He cut a poor figure on a public occasion.

12、大得人心 enjoy great popularity

13、大动肝火fly into a rage

14、大局为重put the interest of the whole above everything else

15、大男子主义male chauvinism

16、大批量生产mass produce

17、这是不可逆转的大趋势。Irreversible general trend

18、分清大是大非draw a clear distinctions concerning cardinal issues of right

and wrong

19、被瓢泼大雨淋得像个落汤鸡to be soaked to the skin(look like a drowned rat)

in the pouring rain

20、这几天他行为反常,这里大有文章。He is abnormal these days. There is sth.

fishy about it

21、你应该申请这个工作,你大有希望。You should apply for this job because you

stand a good chance.

22、大宗用户、大宗合同 bulk user, bulk contract

1、全班同学没一个欢她,她喜欢打小报告。Make a snitch

2、小本经营business with a small capital

3、(报刊)小标题subheading

4、小吃店snack bar

5、小葱shallot

6、小道消息hearsay

7、搞小动作play little tricks

8、小康之家well-to-do family 9、小恩小惠petty favors

10、小老婆 concubine 11、小两口 young couple

12、电视小品TV short sketch

13、小气的①(钱):stingy ②心胸narrow-minded(easily get offended)

15、占小便宜 go after petty advantages

16、小声讲话speak in a low voice

17、那双鞋子,我穿小了一些That pair of shoes is a little tight for me .

18、搞小圈子 to form a small clique

19、无名小辈a small potato ; a mere nobody

20、小商贩vendor

21、小事聪明,大事糊涂。Penny wise and pound foolish

22、小苏打baking soda

23 小心为妙 one can’t be too careful.

25、小中见大much in little

1、炉子着得很旺。The fire is burning briskly in the stove

2、她着凉了 She has caught cold.

3、上不着天,下不着地,土匪把他吊起来。He was suspended in the mid-air by the

bandits.

4、你猜着了。You’ve guessed right; you said it; you got it.

5、老李躺下就睡着了。Lao Li fell asleep the moment he lay down.

6、他走错了一着。He made a false move (took a wrong step)

7、老王说了,他没着了。He was at the end of his tether.

8、屋顶上全盖着积雪。The roof is covered with snow.

9 这些孩子穿着整齐。These children are neatly dressed.

10、这些措施着眼于调动一切积极因素,建设具有中国特色的社会主义。All these

measures are aimed at mobilizing all positive factors to build socialism with Chinese characteristics.

1、讲法语 speak French

2、讲排场 to indulge in ostentation

3、讲口译水平,她不是你的对手。As far as oral interpretation proficiency is

concerned, she is not your match.

4、讲卫生 pay attention to hygiene

5、我们一定要讲质量。We must stress quality.

6、领导干部要讲政治,包括政治方向、政治立场、纪律等。Leading carders must attach great importance to politics, including political orientation, stand, and discipline, etc.

7、你最好心平气和地同他讲道理。You’d better reason things out with him calmly.

8、这位老师在校长面前为这位学生讲情。The teacher asked the headmaster for leniency for this student.

1、他说的是。What she said is correct.

2、这是对我国主权的严重侵犯。This constitutes a gross violation of our

sovereignty.

3、他想在我们中间搬弄是非。He wanted to sow discord between us.

4、老李满身是汗。Lao Li is sweating all over.

5、他来的是时候。He came at just the right time.

6、这条裙子好是好,但颜色太暗了一些。It’s a nice skirt all right, but the

color is a bit too dark.

(二)词义的范围:广义与狭义

1.农林牧副渔互相结合的方针the principle of combining farming(agriculture), forestry, animal husbandry, side-occupations and fishery.

2.他从不喝酒。He never touches wine\spirits.(alcoholic drinks)

(三)词义的强弱:大词与小词

1.争取运动成绩和精神文明双丰收!(标语)For better record and sportsmanship.(civilization)

2.她吓得魂不附体。She was very afraid---------She was terrified out of her senses.

3.她勃然大怒。She got very angry------- She flew into rage.

(四)词义的色彩:褒义与贬义

1.他们讲唯心论,我们讲唯物论。They preach idealism while we advocate

materialism

2.他在学生会负责宣传工作。He is in charge of publicity in the Students’Union.(propaganda)

3.汤姆醉心于名利。Tom is infatuated with fame and gain.

engrossed in academic research

4.中国是块肥肉,谁都想吃。China is a fat piece of meat which every one wants

to eat./= China is an attractive piece of meat coveted by all.

二.省略

(一)不合逻辑或冗长汉语为了强调或者节奏,喜欢重复,英语崇尚简洁。所以汉语里某些东西翻译成英语时候,可能不合逻辑或冗长。例如:

(一)

1.不必要的浪费unnecessary waste (waste that may otherwise be avoided)

2.不切实际的幻想impractical illusion (illusion or fond hope)

3.毫无根据的诽谤groundless slander (slander)

4.耳朵听得见,眼睛看的见的audible to the ear and visible to the eye (audible and

visible)

5.日军所至,屠杀人民,奸淫妇女,焚毁村庄,掠夺财物,无所不用其极。

(去繁就简,增强气势,痛斥罪行)Wherever the Japanese troops went, they massacred, raped, burned and looted, stopping at nothing.

(二)原文中重复出现的词语

例6:.要维护世界和平,就要反对对侵略者的绥靖政策,不管是军事的绥靖,经济的绥靖,政治的绥靖,都要反对。

To safeguard world peace, it is essential to oppose the policy of appeasement

towards the aggressors, militarily, economically and politically.

例7:能言善辩to be skilled in debate

例8:铜墙铁壁bastion of iron

例9:使用毒气,显然违反国际公法,特别是违反日内瓦公约。The use of poison is a clear violation of international law, in particular of the “Geneva Convention”.

例10:全体公检法部门工作人员都应做到有法必依,执法必严,违法必究。

All those working in the public security, procuratorial and judicial fields should see that the laws are strictly observed and enforced and that law-breakers are punished. 例11:判断我们各方面工作的是非得失,归根到底,要以是否有利于发展社会主义社会的生产力,是否有利于增强我国的综合国力,是否有利于提高人民的生活水平为标准。In the final analysis, the criterion for judging the success or failure of our work in various fields is whether it helps to develop the productive forces of socialist society, to improve the overall national strength and the people’s living standards.

例12:有条件要上,没有条件,创造条件也要上。When conditions exist, go ahead; when they don’t, create t hem and go ahead.

思考:少数服从多数,下级服从上级,局部服从全体,全党服从中央的民主集中制原则the principle of democratic centralism which subordinates the minority

to the majority, the lower level to the higher, the part to the whole, and the

whole to the Central Committee.

(三)工作、情况、问题、现象、局面、制度、事业、道理、范围等等词语有时只表达一个范畴,没有具体意义,称为范畴词,一般省略不译。

例12:讨论的范围涉及中日关系。The scope of discussion involves (covers)Sino-Japanese relation.

例13:我想谈谈关于节约的问题。I’d like to speak briefly on practicing economy.

例14:同各种无纪律、无效率的现象作斗争。To combat indiscipline and inefficiency. 例15:多年来,那个国家一直存在严重的失业现象。For many years there has been serious unemployment in that country.

例16:朋友们听到她家的困难情况后,都主动伸出援助之手。After hearing about her family difficulties, all her friends offered her a helping hand.

例17:我国已经结束了那个时期的社会动荡和纷扰不安的局面。Our country has put an end to the social unrest and upheaval of that time.

三.增补

(一)为了语法结构的完整

例1.要有把握,就要准备,而且要有充分准备。To ensure success, one should be prepared, and fully prepared.

例2.打得赢就打,打不赢就走。Fight when you can win, move away when you can’t. 例3.会用就了不得,不会用就一文不值。

It works wonders when you know how to use it; but when you don’t, it is not worth a single penny.

(二)为了意思表达准确以及修辞效果

人和动物不同。Man is different from other animals.

例1.谁都知道朝鲜战场是很艰苦的。Everybody knows that the life on the Korean battlefield was rather hard.

例2.三个臭皮匠,顶个诸葛亮。Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the master mind.

例3.俗话说:“一个篱笆三个桩,一个好汉三个帮”。As saying goes, a fence needs the support of three stakes, an able man needs the help of three other people.

例4.班门弄斧showing off one’s proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter

例5.喝水不忘挖井人When drinking water from a well, one mustn’t forget those who dug it.

例6. 轻工业、农业同重工业二者之间的关系必须处理好。The relationship between light industry and agriculture on the one hand, and heavy industry on the other hand must be properly handled.

例7.凡是贪污了的,要承认错误,自己报出来。这就是给他一个楼梯,让他慢慢下来。

Whoever has embezzled public money must admit his mistake and of his own accord state the amount taken. This is to provide him, so to speak, with

a staircase by which he can come down step by step.

例8.老干部应支持中青年干部的工作,担负起传、帮、带的任务。The veteran cadres should support the young and middle-aged leaders in their work and take upon the task of helping and guiding the latter and passing on experience to them.

四.词序调整

(一)为了意思的准确,避免歧义

例1.请区别下列四种译文。原文:“中国代表在联合国第六届委员会关于反对劫持人质公约的发言”

1. speech on the Convention against the Taking of Hostages by Chinese

Representative at the U.N. 6th Committee

2. speech at the U.N. 6th Committee on the Convention against the Taking of

Hostages by Chinese Representative

3. speech by the Chinese Representative on the Convention against the Taking

of Hostages at the U.N. 6th Committee

4. speech by the Chinese Representative at the U.N. 6th Committee on the

Convention against the Taking of Hostages

(二)表语形容词在作定语时,常放在被修饰语之后

例1.他是目前健在的为数不多的老红军之一。He is one of the few Red Army men alive.

例2.到场的外宾中有一些外国记者。

The guests present included a few foreign newsmen.

例 3.仅这个委员会就有三名女委员。On this committee alone there are three women.

(三)-able,ible形容词和every, the only, 最高级搭配时,常放在被修饰语之后

例1.这是这里能找到的唯一的参考书。This is the only reference book available here.

例2.工人们努力以尽可能快的速度提高产量。The workers are trying to increase production at the highest speed possible.

例3.这是能想出来的最好的解决办法。This is the best solution imaginable. 例4. 所有牵涉到的问题all the problems involved

例5. 有关各方 all the parties concerned

(四)在某些固定用法中,形容词常放在被修饰语之后。

例1.新当选总统 the president elect

例2.世贸总干事 Director-General of the WTO

例3.联合国秘书长 Secretary General of the UN

例4.军事法庭 Court Martial

(五)其它固定用法

例1.水火不相容的 as incompatible as fire and water

例2.无论晴雨,明天我们都得去。Rain or shine, we must go tomorrow.

例3.左顾右盼 look right and left

例4.血肉相连 as close as flesh and blood

例5.男女老少 men and women, young and old

例6.钢铁厂the iron and steel plant

(六)渐进高潮

例 1.救死扶伤,实行人道主义。Heal the wounded, rescue the dying, practice humanitarianism

例2.不属于这个集团的人被此集团所打击、排斥或轻视。Those who didn’t belong to this clique were slighted, pushed aside or even attacked.

五.长句的拆译

(一)长句的开头或结尾带有一个总结或判断

例1.不可否认,国营企业很少注意经济效益,广泛存在着劳动无定员、生产无定额、质量无检查、成本无核算的现象,在人力、物力、财力上造成很大浪费。

Undeniably, the state-owned enterprises pay little attention to economic benefits since usually the number of workers needed for a job is not fixed, the production quota is not set, the quality of products is not checked and the cost is not accounted. All this has incurred a big waste of manpower, material resources and money.

例2.有少数人出于不可告人的目的,千方百计利用台湾、西藏、人权、军控、贸易等所谓问题,对中国施压,钳制中国的发展,散布所谓“中国威胁论”,企图破坏中国同周边国家的关系,就是他们的一种新手法,这是注定要失败的。

Out of ulterior motives, a handful of people try desperately to put pressure on China and contain her development by resorting to various tricks, such as making use of the so-called issues of Taiwan, Tibet, human rights, disarmament and trade. One of their latest tricks is to spread the fallacy of “China Threat” in an attempt to sabotage the relations between China and its neighboring countries.

All this is doomed to failure.

例3.灾难深重的中华民族,一百年来,其优秀儿女探索救国救民的真理,奋斗牺牲,前赴后继,可歌可泣。

For a hundred years, the finest sons and daughters of disaster-ridden Chinese nation fought and sacrificed their lives, one stepping into the breach as another fell, in quest of the truth that would save the country and the people. This moved us to songs and tears.

(二)长句以反问句或感叹句结尾时

例1.应当承认,每个民族都有其长处,不然它为什么能存在,为什么能发展?

It must be admitted that every nation has its strong points. If not, how can it survive?(=/= exist) How can it progress?

例2.盛夏炎日,一走进峨眉山的林间小道就汗止心凉,加上清风吹拂,浑身有说不出的舒坦,忍不住要赞叹一声:好一个清凉世界!

Even in the scorching sun of mid-summer, the moment you step into the trail through the forest on Emei Mountain, the sweat withdraws from your body. In addition, the breeze refreshes you with a gentle caress and great comfort. How cool a place it is!

(三)当长句包含抽象与具体关系、总与分关系时

以农民为例,他们现在更乐于使用科学种田方法,由于杂交水稻的种植面积增加,单位面积的产量也增加了。

Take the farmers for example. They are now more eager to use scientific methods for farming. The amount of land devoted to hybrid rice has risen so that the per-mu yield has gone up considerably.

(四)当长句包含多个表示平行关系的句子,共同说明一个观点时

我们没有在任何外国留驻一兵一卒,没有侵占任何国家一寸领土,没有侵犯任何外国主权,没有以不平等关系强加于任何外国,我们始终坚持和平共处五项原则。 We have not stationed a single soldier abroad, nor have we occupied a single inch of foreign land. We have never infringed on the sovereignty of any country, or imposed an unequal relation upon it. We have always abided by the Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence.

(五)当长句具有多个具有独立的、不同层次意思时

漫步山间时,听得四处竹林间的淙淙泉声,众多的细泉汇成一条狭长而深邃的小溪,顺山势而下,及至悬崖处,猛然跌落二三丈,形成一道瀑布,水珠飞溅,凉透肌肤。

Strolling along the path you can hear springs singing everywhere in the bamboo forest. Several little springs assemble into a narrow but deep stream, running down the mountainside. Meeting a small cliff, it falls down several meters, forming a waterfall with splashing cold drops gently patting your skin.

六.反译

例1.当今世界还很不太平。

The present world is far from peaceful.

例2.他无愧于优秀教师的称号。

He is worthy of being called a model teacher.

例3.我党兴旺发达,后继有人。

Our party is flourishing and has no lack of successors.

例4.我们绝不辜负父母的希望。

We shall live up to the expectation of our parents.

例5.返回祖国的念头始终在他心中萦绕。

The thought of returning to the motherland never deserted him.

例6.小心轻放,切勿倒置。

Handle with care. Keep upright.

例7.不冻港 ice-free harbor

七.词性转换

例1.夫妻之间经常交流感情非常必要,这能极大地促进婚姻的稳定。

Frequent exchange of ideas between the husband and the wife is a vital necessity that greatly improves the stability of marriage.

例2.绝对不允许违反这个原则。

No violation of this principle can be tolerated.

例3.该产品的特点是工艺精湛、经久耐用。

This product is characterized by its fine workmanship and durability.

新四级汉译英段落翻译技巧

新四级汉译英段落翻译技巧 新四级汉译英段落翻译解题技巧 ?题型简介?基本要求?翻译技巧 题型简介 ?自2013年12月考次起,全国大学英语四级考试的翻译部分将由原单句汉译英调整文段落汉译英,翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等题材。 140~160词 基本要求 要求考生以词、句的翻译为基础,扩大到对整体段落的翻译的把握,段落内容相对完整、结构相对独立。翻译时要把整个段落当作一个有机的语篇,注意各句子之间的衔接和段落间的过渡。 翻译技巧 (一) 词的翻译 (二) 句的翻译 (三) 段落翻译 (一) 词的翻译 1. 词义选择 2. 词类转换 3. 词的增补 4. 词的省略 5. 词的替代 1.词义选择 (1)语境词?汉语有些词语的含义会因语境而发生微妙的变化,称之为“语境词”,应紧密结合上下文译成相应的词,不能按照原词的字面意思来译。?原文:手机刷新了人与人的关系。?译文:Cell phone have altered the relationship among people. ?分析:“刷新”此处实际是指“改变”,而并非是我们平常所指的含义,因此不宜译成refurbish或renovate,翻译为alter或 change更恰当。 (2) 表意模糊的词?原文:这所全国重点大学为社会输送了大批的人才。?译文:The national key university has prepared batches of qualified graduates for the society. ?分析:“输送”在句中是一个模糊笼统的词,具体说来是指“培养出”。“人才”笼统,译为qualified graduates比较确切。 (3) 比喻词汇?汉语有许多比喻词汇,表面意义和喻指含义完全不同,英译时应跳出机械对应的思维定式,动态地译出其潜在含义。?原文:老师答应给这几个学生“吃小灶”。?译文:The teacher has promised to give these students special tuition. ?分析:“吃小灶”在这里指的是“个别辅导”。 2.词类转换 (1)动词?名词?英语动词受到形态变化规则的严格限制,大量本应该由动词表达的概念,常需借助于名词,因为名词不受形态规则的束缚,使用相对灵活、方便。?原文:吃头两个主菜时,也是赞不绝口。?译文:You"ll be full of praise while eating the first two main courses. ?分析:英语中有大量抽象名词表示行为或动作意义 advice,agreement,inheritance,knowledge,praise,use等。以上例句借助抽象名词表达了特定的行为动作,译文也显得较为地道。 (2)动词?介词?介词与名词密切相关,英语名词的广泛使用使得介词也频繁出现,而且英语中有些介词本身就是由动词演变来的。汉译英时,有些动词可以用介词来表达。?原文:人们常用剪纸美化环境。?译文:People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings. (3)动词?形容词?汉语的一些动词常常用形容词来表达,这些形容词通常是与动词同源的词(如dreamful,doubtful,sympathetic 等),这样的译文有时会更地道、标准。?原文:在明朝和清朝时期特别流行。?译文:It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

汉译英常用技巧

词汇汉译英常用技巧(1)对等译法 对等是翻译的最高境界,但完全的对等几乎是不可能的。所以,可以采取大致对等的手法(所谓大致对等,是指比喻的方式基本一致,但意象,也就是比喻所用的image发生了改变): e.g.1.扪心自问,他不得不承认自己错了。 By searching his heart, he could not but admit that he was in the wrong. 2.你真是福星高照。 You have a lucky star above you. 3.我们必须全力以赴,拿下这场比赛。 We must go all out to win this game. 4.你真不该插手他们的事情。 You really shouldn’t have poked your nose into their business. 5.那种情形之下,他除了忍气吞声又能怎样呢? As things stood, what could he do but swallow the insult? 6.他们个个摩拳擦掌,士气高涨,准备再打一个漂亮仗。 Being in high morale, every one of them rolled up their sleeves, eager to win another brilliant victory.

7.为了救他的母亲,他赴汤蹈火。 He went through fire and flood to save his mother. 8.在纽约市寻找一个失落的小孩,那简直是大海捞针。 Looking for a missing child in New York City. Tha t’s like looking for a needle in a hay stack. 9.对问题视而不见并不能解决问题。 Turning a blind eye to a problem won’t solve the problem. 10.为了迷人眼目,他们把自己打扮成革命者。 To throw dust into the eye of the public, they decked themselves out as revolutionaries. 11.有时候老虎走近些,但对驴子还是敬而远之。 Sometimes the tiger ventured nearer, but still kept a respectable distance from the donkey. Exercise : 1.哀公问于孔子曰,寡人闻之,东益宅不祥,信有之乎?孔子曰,不祥有五,而东益不与焉。夫损人益己,身之不祥也;弃老取幼,家之不祥也;择贤用不肖,国之不祥也;老者不教,幼者不学,俗之不祥也;圣人伏匿,天下之不祥也。兆:presage ;omen 损人益己:to harm others to benefit oneself 贤:solon/sagacious person 不肖:unworthy 俗:custom 圣人:sage/saint 伏匿/匿伏:to stay in concealment

汉译英的几种翻译技巧

汉译英的几种常用技巧(一)常用的翻译技巧1. 增译2. 减译(省译)3. 重复 4. 转译 5. 语序(词序/句序)调整(倒置) 6. 拆句与合并7. 正说反译, 反说正译8. 语态变换 1.增译法:指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达 方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。 这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There be…”结构来翻译以外,一般都要根据语境补出主语,使句子完整。英语中代词使用频率较高,凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时,必须在前面加上物主代词。因此,在汉译英时需要增补物主代词,而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。 英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示,而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此,在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外,汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语,以确保译文意思完整。 总之,通过增译,一是保证译文语法结构的完整,二是保证译文意思的明确。 1. I am looking forward to the holidays. 我们等待假日的到

2.Much of our morality is customary. 我们大部分的道德观念都有习惯性。 3.Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记使人精确。 4.Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. 读史使人明智,读诗使人灵秀,数学使人周密,科学使人深刻,伦理使人庄重,逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。 5. 没有调查研究就没有发言权。 He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. (No investigation, no right to speak.) 6. 虚心使人进步, 骄傲使人落后。 Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 7. 留得青山在, 不怕没柴烧。 So long as green hills remain, there will never be a shortage of firewood. 8. 班门弄斧 Showing off one’s proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter. 9. 三个臭皮匠, 顶个诸葛亮。

翻译必备七大技巧

翻译必备七大技巧 泛瑞翻译 汉译英的七大基本技巧: 一、增词 在段落翻译时,为了能充分的表达原文含义,以求达意,翻译时有必要增加词语来使英文的表达更加顺畅。例如:虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后。 译文为:Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 其中间加上了增连词whereas,以使英语的句子表达更加有逻辑性。 二、减词 考生要明白,英语的表达倾向简洁,汉语比较喜欢重复,重复作为汉语的一种修辞手法,在某种场合下,重复的表达一个意思,是为了强调,加强语气。汉语中为了有更强的节奏感和押韵,也经常会出现排比句。考生在翻译这些句子时,为了符合英文表达的逻辑,就要有所删减或省略。例如:这是革命的春天,这是人民的春天,这是科学的春天!让我们张开双臂,热烈拥抱这个春天吧! 译文为:Let us stretch out our arms to embrace the spring, which is one of the revolution, of the people, and of science. 以上的汉语是比较重复的排比句,汉译英时考生要遵守英语的逻辑表达,加上定语从句来翻译,这样英文句子读起来也朗朗上口。 三、词类转换 英语语言的一个很重要的特点,就是词类变形和词性转换,尤其是名词、动词、形容词之间的转换。例如:她的书给我们的印象很深。 译文为:Her book impressed us deeply. 在此翻译中汉语中的名词印象转化成英语中的动词impress。 四、语态转换 语态分为被动语态和主动语态,汉语中主动语态使用率较高,英语中被动语态的使用率较高。所以考生在翻译时,要注意语态之间的转换。例如:这个小女孩在上学的路上受了伤。 译文为:The little girl was hurt on her way to school. 五、语序变换 为了适应英文的修辞避免歧义,有时需要对原文的语序进行调整。 六、分译与合译 考生在遇到较长的句子或较复杂的句子时,可以考虑分译,以使译文简洁,通俗易懂。同时考生也可以把汉语的两个较简短的句子翻译成一句英文,可以用连接词来链接。 七、正反表达翻译

汉译英翻译十大技巧

汉译英翻译技巧1:了解中英文区别,避免机械对等翻译 英语和汉语是两种差异比较大的语言。在汉英双语互译时,其差异具体体现为词汇、句式、衔接等方面的差异。因此,对于备考大学英语四级考试的考生,了解中英文两种语言的以下主要区别,对段落汉译英答题很有帮助。 1.汉语重意合,英语重形合。汉语强调意义上紧密结合,主要靠词义手段连接,讲究“意境美”,所以有时候语法是不完整的;英语则注重句法、词汇手段等形式上的紧密结合,讲究“结构美”,强调句式完整和上下文的衔接。因此,汉译英需要通过对汉语句子进行句型变换,使用逻辑衔接词、从句等来显现句中的逻辑关系,从而符合英语的表达习惯。 2.汉语多短句,英语多长句。汉语侧重语义,多用短句、分句来表达;英语多用长句及复合句,其结构通过时态、标点符号及关联词来表达。因此,汉译英往往需要对原文进行合译、增补词汇等。 3.汉语多重复,英语多替代。汉语由于结构较松散,常对名词进行重复,使语义更加清晰,对动词进行重复起增强语气的作用:而英语常使用代词、名词及do,do so或so do,so,as或其他词组来代替重复出现的部分。

4.汉语多用主动,英语多用被动。 5.汉语用词多动词,英语用词多名词和介词。汉语句子多用动词,具有动态性和具体性的特点;英语句子则喜用名词和介词,体现静态性和抽象性的特点。这一不同的特点决定了汉译英过程中常常需要转换词性。 6.汉语句中的定语通常放在所修饰的名词之前,英语中定语的位置却可前可后。因此,汉译英时往往需要调整语序,如汉语中定语过多,英语可使用介词短语、分词、不定式、从句等后置定语以求句子结构上的平衡。 7.汉语重心在后,英语重心在前。在表达多逻辑思维时,汉语一般是由因到果、由假设到推论、由事实到结论,即重心在后;英语则往往是判断或结论等在前,事实或描写等在后,即重心在前。【例1】九寨沟气候宜人,夏季凉爽,冬无寒风。 译文: Jiuzhaigou enjoys a favorable climate which is cool in summer but free from cold wind in winter. 解析:原句含三个汉语短句,但都是对“九赛沟”的描述,存在逻辑上的联系,译文中将第一个短句处理成主句,后两个短句则处理成 which引导的定语从句,既能体现三个句子间的逻辑联

汉译英翻译技巧

汉译英翻译技巧 一、分清主从(Subordination) 汉语句中各分句关系比较松散,所以在动笔前应认真分析句子要旨所在。句中重点往往在后。英译时,要突出重点或主句,其他部分可分别用介词短语,非谓语动词形式或各种从句表示。 1、没有农业,人们就不能生存,社会生产就不能继续下去。 Without agriculture, people cannot exist, neither can social production proceed. 2、他们一听到“反霸”就火冒三丈,这充分暴露了他们那霸权主义的蛮横嘴脸。 The fact that they fly into a rage at a mere mention of the expression - “ anti hegemony ” is enough to reveal their true colours as a domineering hegemonists. 3、有人以为社会主义就了不起,一点缺点也没有,哪有这个事? Some believe that socialism is just perfect, without a single flaw. How can that be true? 4、但是,象我们常说的那样,道路总是曲折的,前途总是光明的。 But as we have often said, while the road ahead is tortuous, the future is bright. 二、选词用字 ( Diction ) 在汉译英时应特别注意选找与原文中在意义上和风味上尽可能都类似的词语。 1、每个民族都有它的长处,不然它为什么能存在?为什么能发展?Every nation has its own strong points. If not, how can it survive? How can it progress? 2、树雄心,立壮志,向科学技术现代化进军。 Foster lofty ideals, set high goals and march forward for the revolution of modernization of science and technology. 3、我国的社会主义建设,需要一个和平的国际环境,需要一个国内安定团结,天下大治的局面。 For its socialist construction, China needs an international environment of peace and a domestic situation of stability, unity and great order. 4、论技术,她那时还不如我,但思想却比我高得多。 Professionally she was then not yet my equal, but ideologically she was head and shoulders above me. 三、增益 ( Ampification ) 汉译英时的“增益”技巧的运用,有时是为了使英美人理解原文的精确含义,有时是为了遵循英语的行文习惯。 1、交出翻译之前,必须读几遍,看看有没有要修改的地方。这样才能把工作做好。 Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there anything in it to be corrected or improved. Only then can you do your work well. (英语行文时人称代词,物主代词用得较多) 2、她挑水,生炉子,洗东西,忙个不停。 Fetching water, building the fire, washing --- she had her hands full every minute. ( 增益为了意译) 3、他们一听说有新任务,就坐不往了。

最常用的十大英语翻译技巧

最常用的十大翻译技巧 转载自:花开有声转载于:2010-06-22 13:41 | 分类:转载的阅读:(1) 评论:(0) 常用十大翻译技巧之一:增译法 英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异,因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难,需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。这些技巧不但可以运用于笔译之中,也可以运用于口译过程中,而且应该用得更加熟练,因为口译工作的特点决定了译员没有更多的时间进行思考。 1、增译法:指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或"There be…"结构来翻译以外,一般都要根据语境补出主语,使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使 用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高,凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时,必须在前面加上物主代词。因此,在汉译英时需要增补物主代词,而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示,而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此,在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外,在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语,以确保译文意思的完整。总之,通过增译,一是保证译文语法结构的完整,二是保证译文意思的明确。 如: (1)What about calling him right away? 马上给他打个电话,你觉得如何?(增译主语和谓语) (2)If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations. 要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊!(增译主句) (3) Indeed, the reverse is true 实际情况恰好相反。(增译名词) (4)就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。 Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.(增译物主代词) (5)只许州官放火,不许百姓点灯。 While the magistrates were free to burn down house, the common people were forbidden to light lamps. (增译连词) (6)这是我们两国人民的又一个共同点。 This is yet another common point between the people of our two countries.(增译介词) (7)在人权领域,中国反对以大欺小、以强凌弱。

汉译英实用技巧

汉译英实用技巧初探 提要:汉英结构和表达方式相去甚远,为了在译文中不露刀斧之痕,译者务必灵活运用转换、省译、扩译等主要实用技巧。 关键词:转换,扩译,省译 一、转换技巧(transforming) 由于汉英结构不同,表达方式迥异,“硬性翻译”不仅读起来别扭,而且会闹出笑话。这就译者在翻译时灵活使用转换的技巧,有时将汉语中的动词转换成英语的介词短语,有时将并列句译成主从句,等等。法无定法,随机而化。力求做到云过无声,水过无痕。读来自然流利,移植的有如原生的。 1.词类的转换 (1) 名词译成动词 美国反对的理由是,北朝鲜不是联合国会员。 The U.S. objected that North Korea was not a member of the UN. 你很有鉴别力。 You know what?s what. (2) 动词译成名词 消防队员连续奋战了九个昼夜,才控制住了火势。 The firemen battled against the flames for nine days and nights before getting them under control. 邱吉尔来到华盛顿说服罗斯福把在欧洲开辟第二战场的日期拖延下去。 Churchill arrived in Washington to talk Roosevelt out of an early invasion of Europe. 富兰克林深信,我们必须学会了解我们所在的这半球的邻居并学会与他们和睦相处。Franklin had a deep conviction that we must learn to understand and to get on with our neighbors in this hemisphere. (3) 动词译成形容词 先生曰:“狼负我,狼负我!”狼曰:“吾非固欲负汝。天生汝辈,固需吾辈食也。” “ You are an ungrateful beast,” complained the man. “Not at all,” retorted the wolf, “it is not that I?m ungrateful, but you men were created for us to devour.” (颜惠庆译《马中锡·中山狼传》) 他急切地想得到消息。 He was news-hungry. 并不是所有的人都喜欢这个方案。 The program was not popular with all of the staff. (4) 动词译成介词或介词短语

汉译英的八大技巧

汉译英的八大技巧 编辑:liqiao来源:中国教育在线 发布时间:2011-05-30 11:46 一、戒“从一而终” 汉语言简意赅,句子灵活,往往是一个汉语词汇对应N个英语(论坛)词汇,具体到在本句中应该采用哪个意项,务必抓住精神实质,不可以不变应万变。至于怎么应变,这就是显示译者功力的地方了。比如:都是“问题”,下面的翻译各不相同。 共同关心的问题questions of common interest 解决问题solve a problem 问题的关键the heart of the matter 关键问题a key problem 原则问题a question/matter of principle 没有什么问题without any mishap 摩托车有点问题Something is wrong with the motorcycle. 问题不在这里That is not the point. 译者要掌握这种汉英翻译中的“游击战术”,翻译家应是不同“文化王国”边境线上的“游击战略家”。 沙博里将《水浒传》译为:Outlaws of the Marsh(沼泽地上的亡命之徒),杨宪益译将屈原的《国殇》译为:For Those Fallen for Their Country,北外出版社将《儒林外史》译为:The Scholars。这些都是译者吃透了原文的原意而译出的佳作。 二、戒望文生义,机械直译 这多半是初学者犯的毛病,他们易于被表面现象所迷惑。 黄牛(yellow cow——ox前误后正,下同) 黄鹂(yellow bird ——oriole) 黄瓜( yellow melon——cucumber) 紫菜(purple vegetable ——laver) 红木(red wood——padauk) 红豆杉(red fir——Chinese yew) 黑社会(black society ——sinistergang) 三、戒“水土不服”,习惯搭配失当这的确是难度系数较大的问题,它要求译者既有较高的中文修养,又要有较高的英文造诣,一知半解的人常常在此“翻车”。如: 写罢,掷笔在桌上。又歌了一回,再饮数杯酒,不觉沉醉,力不胜酒,便呼酒保计算了,取些银子算还,多的都赏了酒保。And tossed the pen on the table. He intoned the verses to himself, then downed a few more cups of wine. He was very dunk. Song-Jiang asked for the bill, paid, and told the waiter to keep the change. (沙博里译《水浒传·浔阳楼宋江吟反诗》) 目前,《水浒传》最好的英译本要数沙博里先生的本子了。沙博里出生在美国,青年时来到中国,一住就是半个多世纪。为了译好《水浒传》,据说他潜心研究了山东的地方志和旧时方言,可谓精诚所致,译著既“达”又“雅”。然而历史告诉我们,中国古人没有用过钢笔,宋朝时用的还是毛笔,故the pen 应改为the writing-brush。 下面的译文就较好地照顾到了西方人的思维和理解习惯: 美国把贸易和扯在一起,只会损害两国的经济利益。The US policy of linking trade with hum an rights can only bring harm to the economic interests of the two countries. 关起门来搞建设是不成的,中国的发展离不开世界。 China can't develop in isolation from the rest of the world. 四、戒主语暗淡

汉译英翻译技巧

Theory:Translation Process 1. The comprehension 1) Nida: translation process consists in analysis, translating, re-constituting and checking. 2) to read the text carefully and have a correct understanding 3) to understand word meaning 4) to seek help from dictionary 5) to attend to the role of logic 6) to know the role of context 汉英短语比较: 1、汉词英译法: 翻译词,基本任务是词义的对应转换,形式问题是第二位的任务。 对应,又称“直译法。”但必须受一词多义和惯用法等机制的调节。 如:佳期wedding day,佳人beautiful woman,佳节joyful festival, 佳句well-turned phrase,佳音good news,佳肴dainty food 2阐释,主要是难以取得双语对应契合时,义恰如其分的铺衍方式加以解释,常见的是文化隔膜形成的对应障碍。 如:城楼tower over a city gate 民工irregular laborer working on a public project/ migrant worker 留用人员personnel kept on after reshuffle 民乐traditional instrumental music 井底之蛙a frog sitting at the bottom of a dried well/ person with very narrow outlook 夜郎自大be blinded by presumptuous self-conceit 空城计undefended city, a stratagem of putting up a bluff 3引申, 由一般的、泛指词义到具体的、特指词义的引申 如:时令season 太平间mortuary 清茶green tea/ tea served without refreshments 轻生commit suicide 体魄健壮的男孩an athletic boy 由具体的、特指词义到一般的、泛指词义的引申。 如:连珠in rapid succession 文盲illiteracy 十二万分地(感激)extremely 慢镜头slow motion 微笑外交并非在五湖四海都奏效。Smile diplomacy, then, is working, but not everywhere. 我们客栈热诚欢迎来自五湖四海的朋友!Our hotel welcomes friends from all over the world! 4转换:词类转换,句中肯、否定式的转换, 例: 人生琐事the little nothings of life 等闲视之think nothing of 家常便饭make nothing of 请来吃顿家常便饭。Come along and take potluck 在北京,堵车是家常便饭。Be in Beijing, blocking a car up is common occurrence. 5. 淡化(虚化) “闹名利”译为:be out for fame and gain

英语翻译的十大方法

英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异,因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难,需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。这些技巧不但可以运用于笔译之中,也可以运用于口译过程中,而且应该用得更加熟练,因为口译工作的特点决定了译员没有更多的时间进行思考。 一、增译法 指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There be…”结构来翻译以外,一般都要根据语境补出主语,使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高,凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时,必须在前面加上物主代词。因此,在汉译英时需要增补物主代词,而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示,而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此,在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外,在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语,以确保译文意思的完整。总之,通过增译,一是保证译文语法结构的完整,二是保证译文意思的明确。如: ①、What about calling him right away? 马上给他打个电话,你觉得如何?(增译主语和谓语) ②、If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations. 要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊!(增译主句) ③、Indeed, the reverse is true. 实际情况恰好相反。(增译名词) ④、就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。 Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.(增译物主代词) ⑤、只许州官放火,不许百姓点灯。 While the magistrates were free to burn down house, the common people were forbidden to light lamps. (增译连词) ⑥、这是我们两国人民的又一个共同点。 This is yet another common point between the people of our two countries.(增译介词) ⑦、在人权领域,中国反对以大欺小、以强凌弱。 In the field of human rights, China opposes the practice of the big oppressing the small

中译英翻译技巧

一、戒“从一而终” 汉语言简意赅,句子灵活,往往是一个汉语词汇对应N个英语词汇,具体到在本句中应该采用哪个意项,务必抓住精神实质,不可以不变应万变。至于怎么应变,这就是显示译者功力的地方了。 比如:都是“问题”,下面的翻译各不相同,几乎是打一枪换一个地方。 共同关心的问题questions of common interest 解决问题solve a problem 问题的关键the heart of the matter 关键问题a key problem 原则问题a question/matter of principle 没有什么问题without any mishap 摩托车有点问题Something is wrong with the motorcycle. 问题不在这里That is not the point. 译者要掌握这种汉英翻译中的“游击战术”,翻译家应是不同“文化王国”边境线上的“游击战略家”。 沙博里将《水浒传》译为:Outlaws of the Marsh(沼泽地上的亡命之徒),杨宪益译将屈原的《国殇》译为:For Those Fallen forTheir Country,北外出版社将《儒林外史》译为:The Scholars。这些都是译者吃透了原文的原意而译出的佳作。 二、戒望文生义,机械直译 这多半是初学者犯的毛病,他们易于被表面现象所迷惑。 黄牛(yellow cow——ox前误后正,下同) 黄鹂(yellow bird ——oriole) 黄瓜( yellow melon——cucumber) 紫菜(purple vegetable ——laver) 红木(red wood——padauk) 红豆杉(red fir——Chinese yew) 黑社会(black society ——sinister gang) 三、戒“水土不符”,习惯搭配失当

翻译八点与汉译英技巧

一、数字 关于数字用法的问题,国家主管部门已有具体规定,各翻译出版机构以及一些国际组织也有自己的专门规定。有志于从事翻译职业的人应该对这些有起码的了解。 一般的规定是,对于纯粹属于计量或统计范畴的数值,无论原文是否使用阿拉伯数字,译文一般用阿拉伯数字。例如:原文“654,321,000”,译文中照抄“654,321,000”即可;不能译为6亿5千4百32万1千。原文“fifty million”,可译为“5 000万”;不能译为“五十百万”,或“50百万”。对于万以上数字,中文一般以“万”和“亿”为单位;原文“half a billion”,可译为“5亿”。原文“five trucks”,可译为“5辆卡车”;原文“3-4 percent”,可译为“3%-4%”;原文“five percentage points”,可译为“5个百分点”。 原文用英文数字或罗马数字表示的,除纯粹属于计量或统计范畴的数值的情况外,译文用汉字。例如:原文“Chapter II”,可译为“第二章”,不能译为“第2章”;原文“Committee of Twenty-four”,可译为“二十四国委员会”,不能译为“24国委员会”;原文“S ixty-fourth Session”,可译为“第六十四届会议”,不能译为“第64届会议”。 在原文中,数字如作为词素构成固定的词、词组、惯用语、缩略语、具有修辞色彩的语句,以及邻近两个数字连用表示概数的情况,则译文中可使用汉字;整数一至十,如果不是出现在具有统计意义的一组数字中,可以用汉字,但要照顾到上下文,以便求得局部体例上的一致。例如:原文“quarter”,应译为“四分之一”;原文“three to four people”,则译为“三四人”;原文“Third World”,可译为“第三世界”;原文“several thousand people”,则译为“几千人”;原文“five principles”,可译为“五项原则”;原文“four or five hundred”,可译为“四五百”;原文“well over sixty”,可译为“六十好几了(年龄)”, 原文“50-odd years old”,可译为“五十出头”, 原文“a little over 30 years old”,可译为“三十挂零”等等。 对于数字的翻译还可以做出许多规定,但对于翻译(水平)考试而言,掌握以上三点就基本可以了。对于不规范的数字表述,诸如“6亿5千4百32万1千”之类,阅卷老师都是要酌情扣分的。 二、人名问题 除另有特别规定外,对于原文中的人名一般都是要求翻译的,翻译时可以借助外文词典、人名词典或其他工具。在考试中,考生应该力争将人名准确地翻译出来,尤其是一些国际上

汉译英翻译技巧

汉译英翻译技巧 一、分清主从 (Subordination) 汉语句中各分句关系比较松散,所以在动笔前应认真分析句子要旨所在。句中重点往往在后。英译时,要突出重点或主句,其他部分可分别用介词短语,非谓语动词形式或各种从句表示。 1、没有农业,人们就不能生存,社会生产就不能继续下去。 Without agriculture, people cannot exist, neither can social production proceed. 2、他们一听到“反霸”就火冒三丈,这充分暴露了他们那霸权主义的蛮横嘴脸。 The fact that they fly into a rage at a mere mention of the expression“anti- hegemony”is enough to reveal their true colours as a domineering hegemonists. 3、有人以为社会主义就了不起,一点缺点也没有,哪有这个事? Some believe that socialism is just perfect, without a single flaw. How can that be true? 4、但是,象我们常说的那样,道路总是曲折的,前途总是光明的。 But as we have often said, while the road ahead is tortuous, the future is bright. 二、选词用字(Diction) 在汉译英时应特别注意选找与原文中在意义上和风味上尽可能都类似的词语。 1、每个民族都有它的长处,不然它为什么能存在?为什么能发展? Every nation has its own strong points. If not, how can it survive? How can it progress? 2、树雄心,立壮志,向科学技术现代化进军。 Foster lofty ideals, set high goals and march forward for the revolution of modernization of science and technology. 3、我国的社会主义建设,需要一个和平的国际环境,需要一个定团结, 天下大治的局面。 For its socialist construction, China needs an international environment of peace and a domestic situation of stability, unity and great order. 4、论技术,她那时还不如我,但思想却比我高得多。 Professionally she was then not yet my equal, but ideologically she was head and shoulders above me. 三、增益(Ampification) 汉译英时的“增益”技巧的运用,有时是为了使英美人理解原文的精确含义,有时是为了遵循英语的行文习惯。 1、交出翻译之前,必须读几遍,看看有没有要修改的地方。这样才能把工作做好。 Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there anything in it to be corrected or improved. Only then can you do your work well. (英语行文时人称代词,物主代词用得较多) 2、她挑水,生炉子,洗东西,忙个不停。 Fetching water, building the fire, washing --- she had her hands full every minute. (增益为了意译) 3、他们一听说有新任务,就坐不往了。 When they learnt that they’d been given a new task, they just couldn’t sit still any longer. (增加not… any longer 表示“不再”.)

相关主题
文本预览
相关文档 最新文档