-ing分词、过去式和-ed分词构成规律
-ing分词和-ed分词构成规律（简版）
1. 一般动词加-ing, -ed: working, worked;
2. 以e结尾的(-ee, -oe, -ye, -ie除外)，去e 加-ing, -ed;以-ie结尾的变-ie为-y再加-ing(但-ed分词则直接加–d)：如hope→hoping, hoped; 但agree→agreeing, agreed; hoe（锄）→hoeing, hoed; dye→dyeing, dyed; tie→tying, tied.
另外，age→ageing, aged; singe(烧/烫焦)→ singeing, singed.
3. 以一个元音+一个辅音（w和x除外）结尾的重读音节出现在第2个音节重读的双音节或单音节词中，双写该末尾辅音字母后，加-ing, -ed：如admit→admitting, admitted; stop→stopping, stopped；但snow→snowing, snowed; fix→fixing, fixed. 个别以非重读结尾的也须双写该末尾辅音字母后，加-ing, -ed：如（telegram），humbug（欺骗）→humbugging, humbugged;
4. 两个元音字母+一个辅音字母结尾的直接加-ing, -ed：如rain→raining, rained；
5. 以一个辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i再加-ed（但直接加-ing）：如（worried, 但worrying）;
以一个元音字母+y结尾的，直接加-ed和-ing：如（enjoyed）;
6. 以l结尾的动词，在英国英语中双写l再加-ed和-ing，在美国英语中直接加-ed 和-ing：如（travel）;
7. 以-ic结尾的加k后再加-ed和-ing：如（picnic→picnicking, picnicked）.
规则动词过去式、过去分词（即-ed分词）的构成规律
规则动词：
A.—般加-ed。例如：
work—worked learn~learned
spell—spelled review一reviewed
want—wanted n eed一needed
-ed在清辅音后读[t];在浊辅音和元音后读[d];在[t]和[d]
之后读[id].以下读音均按此规则。注意某些以ed结尾的形容词与动词过去形式的区别，如learned,动词读作[l?:nd]，形容词读作[ ?l?:nid]。
B.以e结尾的动词只需加-d。例如：hope一hoped live一lived complete一completed desire一desired
C.以单辅音字母结尾，而这个辅音字母前为单元音字母a， e,
i，o，u的单音节动词需将最后一个字母重写后再加-ed。例如:
stop—stopped plan一一planned
fit一fitted net一netted
具备上述条件的重音落在第二个音节上的双音节动词同样应把最后一个字母重写后加-ed。例如：
permit—permitted prefer~preferred
occur~occurred allot—allotted
个别重音不落在最后一个音节上的双音节或三音节动词加-ed 时最后一个字母也
需重写。例如：
humbug—humbugged telegram—telegrammed
D.以“辅音字母+ y”-结尾的动词需将y变i后再加-ed。例
如：,
try—tried study--studied
但‖元音字母+y‖结尾的动词仍直接加-ed. 例如：
play—played enjoy--enjoyed
E.有些以c结尾的词需将c改写为ck再加-ed。例如:
panic—panicked traffic—trafficked picnic—picnicked mimic一mimicked
F.以l结尾的某些动词，在英国英语中需把l重写后加-ed，在美国英语中直接加-ed。例如:
travel—travel (1) ed marvel—marvel (1) ed
G.有许多以n结尾的动词在英国英语中加t而不加-ed，
在美国英语中则加-ed。这些词也可作不规则动诃对待,但越来
越多的人将其作规则动词对待，用-ed式。例如：
learn~learnt /learned burn—burnt/burned
有些以11结尾的动词也有类似情况，不过加t时需将最后一个
l去掉。例如：
spell—spelt /spelled dwell~dwelt / dwelled
不规则动词过去式、过去分词（即-ed分词）的构成
不规则动词：
A.现在、过去和过去分词形式三种形式各不相同的：
(1 )drink，drank，drunk 式。例如：
begin began begun
drink drank drunk/ drunken
ring rang/rung rung
sing sang/sung sung
swim swam swum
shrink shrank shrunk
sink sank/sunk sunk/sunken
spring sprang / sprung sprung
stink stank/stunk stunk
注意，drunk和sunk通常作表语形容词（即主语补语），而drunken和sunken作定语形容词（即修饰语）。
(2)break, broke, broken式。例如：
break broke broken
choose chose chosen
freeze froze frozen
steal stole stolen
speak spoke spoken
bespeak bespoke bespoken
weave wove woven
cleave clove/cleft/cleaved cloven/cleft/cleaved
forget forgot [美]forgotten /forgot
get got [美]gotten/got
tread trod trodden/trod
注意，表示“摇晃着前进”时weave为规则动词; cleft, cloven作形容词时分别用于a cleft palate, a cloven hoof。
(3)blow, blew, blown式。例如：
blow blew blown
draw drew drawn
grow grew grown
know knew known
throw threw thrown
withdraw withdrew withdrawn
fly flew flown
(4)drive, drove, driven 式。例如:
drive drove driven
ride rode ridden
(a) rise (a) rose (a) risen
stride strode stridden
write wrote written
shrive shrove/shrived shriven/shrived smite smote smitten/smote strive strove/strived striven/strived thrive throve / thrived thriven /thrived
(5 ) wear, wore, worn式。例如：
bear bore born(e) forbear forbore forborne shear shore /sheared shorn/sheared swear swore sworn
tear tore torn
wear wore worn
注意，bear表示“出生”时过去分词式为born。
(6 ) bite, bit, bitten 式。例如:
bite bit bitten/bit
hide hid hidden
chide chid/chided chidden/chided/
chid
（7）shake, shook, shaken 式。例如:
forsake forsook forsaken mistake mistook mistaken partake partook partaken
shake shook shaken
take took taken
(8)give, gave, given 式。例如：
forbid forbad (e)forbidden forgive forgave forgiven
give gave given
(9 ) mow, mowed, mown式。例如：
hew hewed hewn
sew sewed sewn
lade laded laden/laded
mow mowed mown/mowed
rive rived riven/rived
saw sawed sawn
shave shaved shaven/shaved
sow sowed sown/sowed
strew strewed strewn/strewed
show showed shown/showed
注意，作形容词时只用laden和sown,如a laden heart, sown s e e d s等。
(10)其他:
be was/were been
crow crew/crowed crowed
dive dove/dived dived
do did done
eat ate eaten
fall fell fallen
befall befell befallen
go went gone
lie lay lain
see saw seen
slay slew slain
swell swelled swollen/swelled
(a)wake (a)woke
/(a)waked (a)waked / (a)woke / (a)waken
注意，作形容词时只用swollen，如a swollen leg等。
B.过去式与过去分词式相同：
(1) hang, hung式。例如：
cling clung dig dug
fling flung hang hung
sling slung slink slunk
spin spun stick stuck
sting stung strike struck/stricken
string strung swing swung
wring wrung
strike的过去分词strick-
注意，hang作―吊死‖解时为规则动词； stricken通常只作形容词。
(2) feed, fed 式。例如：
bleed bled breed bred
creep crept deal dealt
feed fed feel felt
flee fled keep kept
kneel knelt /kneeled lead led
leave left leap leapt
meet met mean meant
speed sped/speeded sleep slept
weep wept sweep swept
注意，作“加速”解时speed为规则动词，如They speeded up.
(3) burn, burnt式。例如：
bless blest/blessed burn burnt/burned
spilt spoilt,spilt milk, a spoilt boy。learned 作形容词时读作['l?:nid]。
(4) bend, bent式。例如:
bend bent blend blent/blended
gird girt/girded lend lent
rend rent send sent
spend spent build built
(5) bind, hound式。例如:
bind bound find found
grind ground wind wound/winded
注意，动词wind [wind]是规则动词，如He winded the horse.
(6) pay, paid式。例如：
lay laid mislay mislaid
pay paid say said
(7)sell, sold式。例如：
sell sold tell told
（8）其他:
abide 【古】abode have had
clothe clad/clothed heave hove/heaved
hear heard behold beheld
hold held light lit/lighted
withhold withheld make made
lose lost shoe shod
shine shone sit sat
注意，abide表示―遵守‖, shine表示―擦亮”，heave表示“叹 息‖时为规则动词；wrought只用于某些搭配，如wrought destruction；lighted和
lit均可作形容词，但定语形容词只用lighted，如 a lighted branch 等。
C. 现在式和过去分词相同。例如：
come came come
become became become
overcome overcame overcome
run ran run
D.现在式和过去式相同。例如：
beat beat beaten/beat
注意，作形容词时只用beaten,如the beaten enemy等。
E.三种形式相同。例如：
burst, cast, cost, cut, hit, hurt, let, put, rid, set, shed, shut, slit, split, spread, thrust; bet (也可作规则动词对待；betted);
bid (作―喊价”解时三式相同；
作―祝‖、―命令”等解时过去式和过去分词分别是bade和bidden)； broadcast (也可作规则动词对待)；
forecast (也可作规则动词对待)；
knit (也可作规则动词对待；knitted) ；
quit (也可作规则动词对待；quitted);
read (过去式和过去分词读[red]);
shred (也可作规则动词对待；shredded) ；
spit (过去式和过去分词也可用spat);
sweat (也可作规则动词对待);
wed (通常作规则动词对待);
wet (通常作规则动词对待)。
（以上不规则动词共189个）
（摘自正式出版书籍，版权所有；仅供内部学习）
一般情况下:动词的过去分词就是这个动词的过去式形式 规则动词的过去式变化如下： 一般情况下，动词词尾加 -ed ，如：worked played wanted acted 以不发音的 -e 结尾动词，动词词尾加 -d，如： lived moved decided declined hoped judged raised wiped 以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i 再加-ed，如： studied tried copied justified cried carried embodied emptied 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加 -ed，如： stopped begged fretted dragged dropped planned dotted dripped 注：不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。 go - went make - made get - got buy - bought come - came fly-flew
动词过去式,过去分词不规则变化AB型 can could shall should will would may might AAA型 cost cost cost cut cut cut hit hit hit hurt hurt hurt let let let must must must put put put set set set shut shut shut read read read AAB型 beat beat beaten ABA型 become became become come came come run ran run
Teaching plan for Unit 5 Learning about Language (Revising the ~ing form) Introduction In this period students will first be guided to review some basic knowledge about –ing . After that they may be given materials to learn about the –ing form. Finally they shall take a quiz to consolidate their knowledge. Objectives 1.To help students learn about the –ing form 2.To help students discover and learn to use some useful words and expressions 3.To help students discover and learn to use some useful structures Procedures Step 1. Warming up by asking questions 1 what is –ing? 2 what’s the function of –ing? 3 what is the meaning of –ing ? what’s the difference between –ing,to do and –ed? Step 2. Learning about grammar 动词-ing形式起到名词、形容词和副词的作用，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、状语和宾语补足语，但不能单独构成谓语，表示的是主动与进行，其构成形式如下， 一：-ing的形式：-ing有一般式和完成式。及物动词的-ing还有主动语态和被动语态，而不及物动词的-ing则没有被动语态。现在以及物动词make 和不及物动词go为例，将其-ing 1.–ing短语的一般式和完成式 Eg (talk) and_____(laugh), the students went into the classroom. , he couldn’t afford to buy a house. (poor) 2–ing短语的完成式(having + 过去分词)作状语,表示在句中谓语之前发生的动作和
-ED分词 一. –ed分词作前置修饰语 1.来自及物动词的-ed分词作前置修饰语 来自及物动词的-ed分词作前置修饰语通常带有被动意义和完成意义；而能作上述用法的–ing分词有的来自及物动词，有的来自不及物动词，通常带有主动意义和未完成意义。试比较： frozen food a freezing wind a bored traveler a boring journey a lost cause a losing battle a conquered army a conquering army a finished article the last finishing touch the spoken word a speaking bird a recorded talk a recording machine a closed shop the closing hour written language writing paper 有些-ed分词通常不能单独用作前置修饰语，但若加前缀un-或者为副词所修饰而构成“副词+ -ed分词”的复合形容词以后，便可作前置修饰语，例： uninvited guests badly- built house untold sufferings far-fetched reasons unheard-of stories newly-born children
2.来自不及物动词的-ed分词作前置修饰语 来自不及物动词的-ed分词很少能单独用作前置修饰语，能作这种用法的仅限于retired, escaped, faded, withered, fallen, expired, risen, returned, vanished, grown这几个词，这些前置修饰语仅表示完成意义，不表示被动意义，例： a retired worker = a worker who has retired an escaped prisoner = a prisoner who has escaped the risen sun = the sun that has just risen 某些来自不及物动词的-ed分词，单独一个词不可以作前置修饰语（如不可说“a behaved boy, a traveled businessman”）,但若与某些副词构成复合形容词，便可作前置修饰语，例：well-behaved children = children who behave well a widely-traveled businessman = one who has traveled widely 二. –ed分词作补语 能用作补语的-ed分词也大都来自及物动词。凡是已经形容词化了的-ed分词，大都可以既作名词修饰语又作主语补语或宾语补语，例： The door remains locked.
一、动词第三人称单数练习题 （将括号里动词的适当形式填入横线上。） 1.She ________ homework by herself everyday.(do) 2.Jack ________home by bike on weekdays.(go) 3.He______________like apple.(do not) 4.Kitty__________TV everyday.(watch) 5.The boy usually___________(cry). 6.He ____________ his teeth everyday. (brush) 7.My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully. 8.Wang Hao __________ (play) ping-pong very well. 9.She ________(say) “I like these toys”. 10.He doesn’t_________(know)her name. 11.Nick __________(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 12. She ___________ her face once a day. (wash) 13 Grandma Wang_________ in Paris.(live) 14. She always____________ her homework on time. (finish) 15. She often _____________ rubbish on the floor. (throw) 16.Tom________ (fly) kites in spring. 17. He________(feed)them at 8:00 in the morning. 18. Pat _________ the plants in the morning. (water) 19.The boy __________ his hair everyday. (comb) 20.He _______(have) a ruler and a pencil. 二、动词现在分词练习题 play________ run__________ swim _________make________ go_________ like________ write________ ski___________ read________ shut_________ sing ________ die ________ cut_________ tie_________ put_________ begin________ buy _________ love____________sit ________ lie_________ live_________ take_________ come ________ get_________ stop________ dance_________ shop___________see________ prefer__________ have_________ eat________ meet_________
i n g分词做状语的句子-CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN
ing分词做状语的句子 ing分词做状语的句子现在分词作伴随状语 例句1：smoking a cigarette , he entered the meeting hall. 他抽着烟，走进了会议厅。 例句2：i gazed into the dark sky thinking about where i would belong. 凝望着漆黑的夜空，我心里思索着路在何方。 注释：现在分词作伴随状语，表示非谓语动词所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作或状态而发生的。 现在分词作条件状语 例句1：throwing yourself into your study, you will find it pleasant and productive. 如果你投入到你的学习中去，你会发现学习即愉悦又有收获。 例句2：speaking in english everyday, you will hander this language step by step. 每天都用英语说话，你会一步一步掌握这门语言。 注释：现在分词作条件状语时相当于一个if引导的条件状 语从句。比如例句1也可以写成：if you throw yourself into your study, you will find it pleasant and productive.
现在分词作时间状语 例句1：seeing the actors singing and dancing, the little baby did likewise. 当看到演员们载歌载舞的时候，小宝宝也学者手舞足蹈。 注释：相当于when he saw the actors singing and dancing, the little baby did likewise. 例句2：having finished reading passage one, we then moved on to the second passage. 完成第一章之后，我们进而进入第二章。 注释：相当于after we finished passage one, we then moved on to the second passage. 现在分词作让步状语 例句1：being a kid, he has much knowledge about love affairs. 虽然是个孩子，他知道很多关于爱情的事。 例句2：having learned english for years, he still can't speak freely. 虽然学了很多年英语，但是他还是不能自由交谈。 注释：例句1和例句2都可以变换成though引导的让步状 语从句。比如例句1也可以写成though he is a kid, he has much knowledge about love affairs. 现在分词作原因状语 例句1：being sleepy, the boy couldn't focus on his study.
动词-ed分词的用法 一、基本概念 1.分词的定义 1.动词的-ed 分词即过去分词，是由动词的过去分词构成，一般只有一种形式。 2.过去分词的语法作用：过去分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词（相当于被动语），在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。 1）过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。如： Don't touch the glass because it is broken. 不要碰那个杯子，它是坏的（它是被打坏的）。He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜欢那礼服的式样。 2）过去分词做定语：单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面，相当于一个定语从句。 如：The excited people rushed into the building. 激动的人们奔进了大楼。 （excited people 被激动了的人） We need more qualified teachers. 我们需要更多合格的教师。（被资质认证过的老师，或经过资质认证的老师。）过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面，相当于一个定语从句。如： Is there anything planned for tomorrow? 明天有什么活动吗? The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。 过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。如： The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people. 这些书是鲁迅写的，受到了许多中国人民的喜爱。 The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. 这次会议获得很大的成功，共有一千个学生出席了。 3）过去分词做状语： -ed 分词和-ing 分词作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。 ①表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when 或while 来强调时 间概念。如： Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. 从山顶上看，这个城市
】 过去式的规律 动词过去式变化规律关键词： 规则动词的过去式由“动词原形+-ed”构成，具体变化有： 1. 直接在词尾加-ed。如: want—wanted, work—worked, need—needed, clean—cleaned 2. 以不发音的e结尾的在词尾加-d。如：like—liked, live—lived, use—used, move—moved 3. 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，先双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stop—stopped, trip—tripped 4. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先把y变成i，再加-ed。如：study—studied, carry—carried, hurry—hurried, marry—married 不规则动词的过去式见课本后的不规则动词表。大体上归纳有以下六条记忆法： 1. 以t结尾的词，过去式与原形相同。如：put—put, let—let, cut—cut, beat—beat 2. 以d结尾的词，把d变成t。如:build—built, lend—lent, send—sent, spend—spent 3. 以n结尾的词，在词后加t。如：mean—meant, burn—burnt, learn—learnt 4. 以ow / aw结尾的词，把ow / aw变成ew。如：blow—blew, draw—drew, know—knew, grow—grew 5. 含有双写字母的词，将双写改为单写，在词尾加t。如：keep—kept, sleep—slept, feel—felt, smell—smelt 6. 含有元音字母o / i的词，将o / i变成a。如：sing—sang, give—gave, sit—sat, drink—drank 规则动词词尾加-ed有三种读音： 1. 在清辅音后读作[t]。如：asked, helped, watched, stopped 2. 在浊辅音和元音后读作[d]。如：enjoyed, studied, moved, called 3. 在t / d后读作[id]。如：wanted, needed 初中英语不规则动词过去式、过去分词表 （1） AAA型（动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形） cost（花费） cost cost cut（割） cut cut hit（打） hit hit hurt 伤害） hurt hurt let（让） let let put（放） put put read （读） read read (2) AAB型（动词原形与过去式同形） beat（跳动） beat beaten (3) ABA型（动词原形与过去分词同形） become（变成） became become
英语语法-ing分词的用法 ing分词的用法 1、-ing分词的构成 -ing分词是由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。-ing分词同样有时态和语态的变化，通常有下表几种形式（以do为例）： 一般式完成式 主动形式doing 主动形式having done 被动形式being done 被动形式having been done -ing分词的否定形式是由not 加-ing分词构成。如： Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait. 不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等着。 His not coming made all of us angry. 他没来使我们大家都很生气。 2. -ing分词的一般式和完成式： -ing分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作；完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。如： Being a student, he was interested in books. 作为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。 Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。 3. -ing分词的被动式： -ing分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词动作的承受者。根据-ing分词动作发生的时间，-ing分词的被动式有一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done)。如：The question being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。 Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 被老师批评以后，他把烟戒了。 注意：在need, want, require, be worth等动词(短语)后，作宾语的-ing分词常用主动形式来表示被动含义。如： Your shoes need cleaning. = Your shoes need to be cleaned. 你的鞋需要清洗一下了。 This book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得一看。 4. -ing分词的语法作用 -ing分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个名词或形容词、副词，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等。 1)–ing分词（短语）作主语： Laying eggs is the ant queen's full-time job. 产卵是蚁后的专职工作。 Saying is easier than doing. 说比做容易。 在下面两种结构中，-ing分词也作主语。 ①为了保持句子平衡，通常用作形式主语，而把真实主语放在句末。如： It is no use crying over spilt milk. 作无益的后悔是没有用的。 It's a waste of time arguing about it. 辩论这事是浪费时间。 ②在There is no结构中，通常用-ing分词。如： There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。
一，现在进行时 Ⅰ现在进行时的用法表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作 Ⅱ现在进行时时间状语及标志性词 now 现在look 看（后面有明显的“！”） listen 听（后面有明显的“！”） Ⅲ现在分词的构成 ①一般在动词结尾处加ing go—going look--looking ②以不发音字母e结尾的动词，去e加ing。write—writing ③以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这个字母，再加ing. get—getting run—running ( swim, run, put, get, sit, begin) Ⅳ现在进行时的构成 肯定句: 主语+ am/is/are+ doing +其他+时状. Eg: He is doing his homework now. 否定句：主语+am/is/are +not+ doing+其他+时状. Eg: He is not doing his homework now. 一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are +主语+ doing+其他+时状？ Eg: Is he doing his homework now? 肯定回答：Yes,主语+am/is/are Eg Yes, he is. 否定回答：No, 主语+am not/isn’t/aren’t Eg: No, he isn’t. 二，一般过去时 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,通常与过去的时间状语连用: yesterday ,last week(month,year), in 1990 （1）系动词be的过去时: am(is) →was, are →were 陈述句：He was at home yesterday. 否定句：He wasn’t at home yesterday. 疑问句：Was he at home yesterday? Yes ,he was./No ,he wasn’t. （2）行为动词的一般过去时: 陈述句：主语+动词过去式+其它 I go to the movie. →I went to the movie. 否定句：主语+助动词didn’t+动词原形+其 I don’t go to school today. →I didn’t go to school. 一般疑问句：Did +主语+动词原形+其它 Do you have breakfast? →Did you have breakfast? Yes, I do. /No, I don’t. Yes, I did. /No, I didn’t. （3）规则动词的过去式变化规则变化规则例词 一般在词尾加—ed. play→played 以不发音的e结尾的，只加--d. like →liked love →loved 以辅音字母+y 结尾的，变y为i ,再加—ed. study →studied carry →carried 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed stop →stopped plan →planned
（写出下列动词的过去式及过去分词） 1.c hoose_____ _____ 2.catch _____ ______ 3.f all______ ______ 4.break____ ______ 5.drink____ ______ 6.forget_____ ______ 7.feel_____ ______ 8.write_____ _______ 9.go_____ ______
10.see______ ______ 11.lose_____ ______ 12.grow_____ ______ 13.give_____ ______ 14.meet_____ ______ 15.spend____ _____ 16.take_____ ______ 17.wear_____ ______ 18.lie(躺)____ ______ 19.hold_____ _______ https://www.doczj.com/doc/ee1262223.html,y_____ ______ 21.throw____ _____
22.know____ ______ 23.keep_____ ______ 24.sell_____ ______ 25.let_____ _____
Class:_______ Name:__________ No:_____ Marks:________ Write down the past forms of the following verbs: （写出下列动词的过去式）每个4分 1. speak ________ 2. fly ________ 3. write ________ 4. hear _______ 5. find ________ 6. eat ________ 7. sing ________
-ing分词用法归纳 1. -ing分词概述 -ing分词的基本形式是由动词加-ing 构成，与动词的现在分词形式一致。 -ing分词的主要变化形式有一般式和完成式；一般式和完成式中又分别有主动形式及被动形式。详见下表： 2. -ing分词的意义 (1) -ing分词所表示的动作常与谓语动词的动作同时发生。如： He used to stand there thinking. 他过去常站在那儿思考。 They held activities celebrating their culture. 他们举行活动来庆祝他们的文化。 (2) -ing分词若在suggest, insist等动词后或作结果状语时，表示的动作常发生在谓语动词的动作之后； He suggested us practicing English every day. 他建议我们每天练习英语。 He insists on going with us together. 他坚持要跟我们一起去。 Her mother went away alone, leaving her crying there. 她母亲一个人走了，让她一个人在那儿哭。 (3) -ing分词若在forget, regret, remember等动词后或作时间状语时，表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。如： Can you still remember living there? 你还能记得在那里的生活情况吗？ I don’t regret helping him, though he is unkind to us. 尽管他对我们不友好，我对帮助他还是不后悔。 (4) -ing分词若在介词before, after之后，动作的先后依介词before, after的意义而定。如： I often read some newspaper before getting to sleep. 我在入睡前常要看一看报纸。 (5) -ing分词表泛指意义的动作或状态时，没有时间意义。如： Keeping on doing morning exercises is a good habit. 坚持做早操是一种好的习惯。 (6) -ing分词的完成式表示所发生的动作在谓语动词的动作之前。如： Not having received her answer, he decided to write to her again. 由于没有收到她的回信，他决定再给她写封信。 (7) -ing分词的主动形式，表明逻辑主语所动作的发出者；过去分词表明逻辑主语是动作的承受者。如： Seeing from the top of the mountain, you will find the town very beautiful. 你从山顶上看，就会发现这座城市很美。 Seen from the top of the mountain, the town looks beautiful. 从山顶上看去，这座城市看起来很美。 (8) -ing分词的否定式是在-ing分词前面加否定词not。如： Not knowing what to do, he went to ask the teacher for help. 由于不知道该怎么做，他去请求老师的帮助。 Not having made it clear, he went to ask the teacher about it again. 由于他没有弄明白，他又去向老师询问这件事。 3. -ing分词的句法功能
动词过去式变化规则： 1．一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2．结尾是e加d，如：live—lived 3．末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped 4．以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i，再加-ed，如：study-studied cry- cried 不规则动词的变化：
1.写出下列动词的过去式 is\am_________ fly_______ plant________ are ________drink_________ play_______ go________ make _______does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____taste_________ eat__________ draw________ put _____pass_______ do ________ 2.用be动词的适当形式填空（过去时填空） 1. I ____ ___ at school just now. 2. He ____ ____ at the camp last week. 3. We ___ _____ students two years ago. 4. They ____ ____ on the farm a moment ago. 5. Yang Ling ___ _____ eleven years old last year. 6. There ________ an apple on the plate yesterday. 7. There ___ _____ some milk in the fridge on Sunday. 8. The book _______ on the sofa yesterday evening 3.选择填空 1.Peter in a small house four years ago. Now he in a house A.live，lives B. lives, lived C.lived, lives 2.Amy TV Yesterday. 3. Amy is TV Now. 4. Amy TV every day. A.watched B.watching C.watches 5.Yesterday，we some books. A.buy B.bought C.buys 6.He a pupil . He a pupil last year A.was B. were C. is D.are 7.There a big house many years ago. A.was B. were C. is D.are 4.行为动词的过去时练习
-ED分词 -ED分词 -ED分词（-ED Participle）即传统语法所指的“过去分词”（Past Participle）, 是非限定动词之一。 -ED分词有两种形式：规则动词形式和不规则动词形式。规则动词形式由规则动词＋-ED 构成；不规则动词有其特殊的-ED分词。在语法功能上，它在句子中所能承担的成分基本与-ING 分词相同，可以作表语，定语，状语，也可以用在复合结构中，不管它作什么成分，其最基本的含义是“被动”的。-ED分词在语法功能和意义上与-ING分词有一定的区别。 一、-ED分词与-ING分词的区别 虽然在语法功能上，-ED分词在句子中所能承担的成分基本与-ING分词相同，但在意义上两者有差别：-ED分词表示被动的意义而-ING分词则表示主动的意义；-ED分词表示已经完成和被动的动作而-ING分词则表示一般性的或正在进行的动作，在表现形式上，-ING分词有“一般式”和“完成式”与“主动式”和“被动式”之分；而-ED分词只有一种形式。下边我们分析-ING 分词与-ED分词在语法功用上的区别。 1. 作表语时，-ING分词表示主语所具有的特征而-ED分词表示主语所处的状态 The book is quite interesting. I am interested in the book very much. The play is more exciting than any I have ever seen. That piece of land lay deserted. 2. 作状语时-ING分词表示主语正在进行的另一动作而-ED分词则表示主语发生动作的背景或情况 1) Having been served lunch，_________ . ［A］the problem was discussed by the members of the committee ［B］the committee members discussed the problem ［C］it was discussed by the committee members the problem ［D］a discussion of the problem was made by the members of the committee (B) 2) _______for her anthropological(人类学的) research，Margaret Mead also was involved with(涉及) the World Federation for Mental Health. [A] She is noted primarily [B] Noted primarily [C] Primarily is noted [D] She primarily noted (B) 3) Considered one of the leading poets in America today，___________ . ［A］a number of books and plays have also been written by Sonia Sanchez ［B］Sonia Sanchez has also written a number of books and plays ［C］a number of Sonia Sanchez's books and plays have been written ［D］there have been a number of books and plays written by Sonia Sanchez (B) 3. 作定语时，①-ING分词表示正在进行的动作，而-ED分词表示动作发生在谓语动词之前；
ing分词的用法 专题四：1、-ing分词的构成-ing分词是由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。-ing分词同样有时态和语态的变化，通常有下表几种形式（以do 为例）：一般式完成式主动形式doing 主动形式having done 被动形式being done 被动形式having been done -ing分词的否定形式是由not 加-ing分词构成。如：not knowing his address, i could do nothing but stay at home and wait. 不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等着。his not coming made all of us angry. 他没来使我们大家都很生气。 2. -ing分词的一般式和完成式：-ing分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作；完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。如：being a student, he was interested in books. 作为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。 3. -ing分词的被动式：-ing分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词动作的承受者。根据-ing分词动作发生的时间，-ing分词的被动式有一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done)。如：the question being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。
不规则动词的过去式和过去分词的练习 Verb原形过去式过去分词 1.am/is _______ _______ 2.are _______ _______ 3.bear _______ _______ 4.beat _______ _______ 5.become _______ _______ 6.begin _______ _______ 7.break _______ _______ 8.bring _______ _______ 9.build _______ _______ 10.buy _______ _______ 11.can _______ _______ 12.catch _______ _______ https://www.doczj.com/doc/ee1262223.html,e _______ _______ 14.cost _______ _______ 15.cut _______ _______ 16.do/does _______ _______ 17.draw _______ _______ 18.drink _______ _______ 19.drive _______ _______
21.fall _______ _______ 22.feed _______ _______ 23.feel _______ _______ 24.fight _______ _______ 25.find _______ _______ 26.fly _______ _______ 27.forget _______ _______ 28.freeze _______ _______ 29.get _______ _______ 30.give _______ _______ 31.go _______ _______ 32.grow _______ _______ 33.hang _______ _______ 34.have/has _______ _______ 35.hear _______ _______ 36.hold _______ _______ 37.hurt _______ _______ 38.keep _______ _______ 39.know _______ _______ https://www.doczj.com/doc/ee1262223.html,y _______ _______ 41.lead _______ _______
Unit2 Module5 The environment Grammar and usage Verb-ing form as an adjective or adverb Teaching aims: By the end of the class, students are expected to Knowledge and ability: 1. identify grammar functions of verb-ing as the attributive, the predictive, the object complement and the adverbial; 2. distinguish a perfect form of verb-ing and its passive voice; Process and methods: 1. conclude the rules of using the verb-ing form as an adjective or adverb by analyzing the sentences; 2. use the verb-ing form and verb-ing phrases in different situations freely by doing some exercises. Teaching important point: Various forms of Verb-ing form and their usage. Teaching difficult points: (1) Verb-ing form used as adjectives (2) Use the verb-ing form and verb-ing phrases in different situations correctly. Teaching aids: Blackboard，multimedia Teaching procedures: Step1. 自学导入 朗读下列句子，用口号里所给单词的适当形式填空，并说出verb-ing在句中所充当的成分。 1.This is an ________________ (amaze) achievement. 2.The damage is _______________(frighten). 3.Other types of waste flow into our water, __________(kill) river and sea life. 4.Can you hear her ________________ (sing) the song in the next room? 5.Not _______________ (know) English, he couldn’t understand the film. 6.While _______________ (read) the book, be nodded from time to time. Step2. 典例导学 学习任务一. Verb-ing form as an attribute (作定语) 朗读下列句子，并归纳用法。 1. a running man 2. The man running in the picture(= who is running in the picture) is Liu Xiang. 3. The man running fastest (=who runs fastest)gets the first place. 用法归纳：V-ing作定语时，表示_________________或_________________,当分词单独作定语时放在被修饰的名词__________;如果是分词短语放在被修饰的名词____________，称为______________,可以改为定语从句。 针对性训练 1：英汉互译 1. the running water_____________________ 2. breath-taking scenery