Writing Skills and Practice
C o n t e n t s
Part One Brief Introduction to College English Writing 2 (7)
Part Two Methods of Developing Paragraphs 8 (10)
Part Three Various Forms of Writing
(from appreciation to production) 10 (21)
Part Four Selected Model Compositions 21 (30)
Part Five A List of Most Commonly Employed
Sentence Patterns 30 (32)
Compiled by The First Section of Teaching and Research, Department of College English Teaching & Studies, Qingdao University
Part One Brief Introduction to College English Writing
I. Format and General Requirements of College English Writing
1.Format of College English Writing
It is stipulated in College English Curriculum Requirements(《大学英语课程教学要求》) that college students should be able to write within 30 minutes a short composition of 120 words on a general topic or an outline. The composition should be basically complete in content, appropriate in diction and coherent in discourse.
More often than not, college students are expected to write compositions based on topic sentences, outlines given in Chinese, key words, visual aids or given situations. Accordingly, it is normally of great help to decide on what style (narration, exposition, description or argumentation) to be employed to develop the whole essay, and then to determine the controlling idea contained in each of the topic sentences/Chinese outlines, or to state the controlling idea at the very beginning of each paragraph in respect of writing based on key words, visual aids or given situations.
2.General Requirements of College English Writing
Unity（一致性）and coherence (连贯) are two important general requirements of college English writing.
Unity is achieved by ascertaining that each sentence in the paragraph is relevant to the topic sentence, that is, each sentence should be a further development of the topic sentence. At the same time, the student writer must be positive that each of the 3 paragraphs is connected with each other in form as well as in meaning or content.
Coherence is the logical connection of the sentences in a paragraph and the paragraphs in a composition to each other. Coherence can be achieved through a variety of techniques, such as the employment of transitional words/link words/connectors（过渡词语）, repetition of key words, consistent use of the same point of view, proper pronoun reference, logical organization of the information and arguments in a paragraph and between paragraphs. The student writer must be certain that there is appropriate transition from one sentence or one paragraph to the next.
In order to make the paragraph more interesting and vivid, it is a good idea to use sentence variety. An effective way to do this is to vary the grammatical structures of
sentences to avoid monotony. Different structures not only convey distinct shades of meaning, but also give a composition an attractive atmosphere.
II. Form of Good Writing
It is generally assumed that a well-written paragraph contains a topic sentence, developing/supporting sentences and a concluding sentence if necessary.
Below is an example to show the process of writing a paragraph. Suppose that you are required to write a paragraph on the topic “Riding a bicycle is better than riding a motorcycle”. It is advisable for you to go through the following procedures before writing the paragraph proper.
Step 1. Determine the writing style —argumentation
Step 2.Seek out the controlling idea —better
Step 3.Collect some convincing facts about or arguments for the controlling idea —inexpensive to buy, easy maintenance , good for health, nonpolluting, safer,
etc.
Step 4.List details about some of the facts or arguments that will interest your audience,
e.g., health —more exercises, less pollution
Step 5. Outline the paragraph.
Step 6.Write the paragraph by using the details you have just listed.
Riding a bicycle is better than riding a motorcycle. First of all, a bicycle is relatively inexpensive to buy and to maintain. While a motorcycle may cost thousands of Yuan to buy and hundreds of Yuan annually for maintenance, a good bicycle will only cost two hundred Yuan or so, and its annual maintenance cost is very small. Biking is also healthful. Not only does the cyclist get more physical exercises than the motorcyclist, but bicycles are nonpolluting, so they keep the environment clean. Finally, bicycling is, unlike motorcycling, personally satisfying. Instead of being a robot inside a machine, the biker pedals along, enjoying the scenery and becoming part of the nature. In one word, the bicycle is a pleasurable means of transportation.
What is said above is true of a well-organized essay, i.e., an idealized composition is supposed to contain 3 paragraphs— a topic/introductory paragraph, a supporting paragraph and an ending paragraph. Let us take the following essay as an example.
Staying Healthy
Good health is the most valuable possession a person can have. There are three things that a person can do to stay in good health. One should eat the right foods, get enough rest, and exercise properly. (Topic/introductory paragraph)
Proper nutrition is important for good health. Avoid food with lots of sugar and fat. Eat plenty of high protein foods, vegetables and fruits. But do not overeat because it is not healthful to be overweight. Getting the proper amount of sleep is also important. Without enough sleep, you are likely to feel tired and irritable. So allow yourself eight hours of sleep each night. Finally, get plenty of exercise since it improves your heart and lunges, and prevents you from gaining weight. (Supporting paragraph)
If everybody were to eat the right foods, get plenty of sleep, and exercise regularly, there would be much less complaining about poor health. (Ending paragraph)
III. Specific Steps Involved in Writing and Noteworthy Points
要想在30分钟内完成一篇不少于120词的文章, 应认真审题，仔细构思，拟出提纲，拟订各段的主题句，或根据所给主题句确定各段中心思想，想好用什么事实或细节来支持主题句的观点。这样写出的文章语言通顺、逻辑严密、观点明确、错误较少。
1. 审题
就是根据所提供的有关写作范围、内容要求、目的方面的信息进行仔细推敲斟酌，从而确定文章的主题、体裁、重点、长短等等。审题主要是解决“写什么”的问题。
1.1 确立文章主题
通过审题，明确文章主题即中心思想，才能理清思路，抓住重点，这样的文章才能紧扣主题，立意鲜明，文笔流畅。例如：
Directions:For the part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the toipc: Global Shortage of Fresh Water. You should write at least 120 words and you
should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: （1）人们以为淡水是取之不尽的。
（2）实际上淡水是非常紧缺的。
（3）我们应该怎么办？
根据对本篇作文的审题，可以明确文章中心是淡水资源保护。可以从淡水资源看似非常丰富的错误表象出发，列举出淡水资源实则严重匮乏的事实及原因，最后提出问题的解决办法。思路清晰后，文字自然通顺连贯。
范文：Global Shortage of Fresh Water
Some people believe that the fresh water will never be used up. Because people can get fresh water from the rains, from the rivers, from the wells and from the lakes, it seems that we have more than enough fresh water to use.
But as a matter of fact, the whole world is in severs shortage of fresh water. With the development of industry, more and more factories use a lot of fresh water. Many factories discharge a large number of poisonous wastes into the rivers and lakes and cause serious pollution of the fresh water. And because of the rapid increase of the world’s population, there is a continuously rising demand for fresh water. In fact, in some big cities, fresh water cannot meet the people’s daily needs.
Now it is time for us to do something to solve the problem of fresh water shortage. First, we must take efficient steps to protect our fresh water from being polluted and make it clean. Then we must let everyone understand the dangerous situation he is in. We must also educate the people to know: where there is no water, there is no human being.
1.2 确定文章文体
文体，即文章的表现形式，其中包含体裁和语言。一般来说，不同的体裁应具备不同的语言表达模式和特点，比如说明文说明事物时强调语言明确清晰，实事求是；议论文则要求语言具有逻辑性，肯定性强。大学英语作文文体可分四大类，即议论文、应用文、描写文和记叙文。例如：
Directions: For the part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition in three paragraphs. Your part of the composition should be no less than 120 words, not
including the words given. Remember to write clearly. You should write this
composition on the Composition Sheet.
Time
(1)Some people think time is valuable and make good use of it.
(2)Some people make poor use of it.
(3)I think we should form the good habit of saving time.
根据对本篇作文的审题，可以明确它的主题是：珍惜时间。议论文体裁，但兼有说明部分。本篇提纲中的第1、2点要求说明人们对待时间截然不同的两种态度及其原因和表现，第3点则要求在前文的基础上论述自己的观点——应养成珍惜时间的习惯，总结全文的同时，强调了珍惜时间这一主题。由于说明的目的是为了“告知”，所以应侧重摆事实，注意客观、准确；论说的目的是为了“说服”，应注意提出有力的论据和明确的结论。
范文：Time
Some people think time is valuable and make good use of it. They really understand the meaning of “Time and tide wait for no man”. Hence they treasure every single minute of every day and make good use of it in practice. They arrange every day’s time properly, not to waste it.
Some people make poor use of it. They spend their precious time oversleeping, drinking, and sometimes playing games or gambling. They do not realize that wasting time is equal to wasting part of their precious life and that they are to pay much for these some day. They always regret having made little achievement in their career owing to their poor use of time.
I think we should form the good habit of saving time. Never put off what can be done today till tomorrow. We should think highly of our time just like our lives. Wasting time just like staying in the tomb, you are not yourself, just a walking corpse.
1.3 确立写作要点
大学英语作文所涉及内容均为日常生活、科技、社会和文化等。对这些话题大学生们虽然熟悉，但因字数所限，审题的时候，应该把握文章中心思想，限定话题范围，明确写作重点，其后再进行扩充展开，这样的文章才能思路清晰，主题明确，阐述充分。例如：
“Women in the Modern World”(1987.6)，可以采用议论文的形式，以Women today are playing an increasingly important role both in the family, yet facing many difficulties and obstacles为中心来写作，重点应放在important role和difficulties上，可以首先着重论述妇女在各行各业中发挥越来越大的作用，然后提出妇女在家庭中的地位也有所提高，最后总结妇女们要争取完全的平等，还面临许多困难和障碍，需要克服。
范文：Women in the Modern World
Women are playing an increasingly important role in society. Successful women who are government officials, scientists, athletes, teachers and doctors can be found everywhere. It is fair to say that many jobs that used to be dominated by men can now be done equally well by women. Women are making their influence felt in all walks of life.
With the changes in their social role, women’s position in the fami ly has been improved as well. The husband is no longer the only bread-earner in the family. Both husband and wife cope with the problems of daily life together and share happiness with each other.
In spite of these changes, women still face many difficulties and obstacles due to their traditional roles and limited economic strength. Women still have a long way to go in their struggle for complete equality with men.
2. 构思
通过审题弄清楚题目要求之后，来对如何按照要求形成文章做一
方法（举例法、列举法、对比法等）和语言形式（正式、非正式）等。
3.
是对文章内容的一个整体规划。事实上，写提纲就是审题构思
段落分配、内容安排等落实到笔头，以保证写正文的时候思路清楚。如：所给作文的题目是“Harmfulness of Fake Commodities”。根据审题，可以明确本篇主题是：假冒产品的危害性极大，用议论文体裁来写。写作要点：假冒产品泛滥的现象、假冒产品对社会和人民生活带来的各种危害以及假冒产品问题的解决。根据以上
写作结构和内容可列出如下简要的提纲：
第一段现象及其原因
第二段危害1：影响企业的效益和信誉
危害2：给个人带来麻烦甚至危险
第三段总结强调危害的严重，呼吁政府和个人解决、防范。
范文：Harmfulness of Fake Commodities
Nowadays in the society, there are an enormous number of fake commodities. They have found their ways into almost every store and supermarket. The deep root of this phenomenon lies in some people’s greed for money. In order to make big sums of money, they try every possible means to produce fake commodities, without any regard for other people’s benefit and health.
Fake commodities can do serious harm to both consumers and society. Compared with the genuine products, they have more attractive prices, which, without doubt, causes great economic losses to the manufacturers of genuine-products. Furthermore, fake commodities are also detrimental to consumers. For instance, not long ago some consumers were reported to have died from drinking fake wine.
So fake commodities are a serious problem in our society and deserve attention from people in all walks of life. The authorities should redouble their efforts to prohibit the production and sale of fake commodities. Also, consumers should be on guard against the temptation from the cheaper fake commodities and be careful not to waste money on them.
4. 写正文
写正文应把重点放在选择适当的写作策略和准确的语言运用上，大学英语作文常见题型——段首句作文、汉语提纲作文、关键词作文、情景作文、图表作文都有各自独特的写作策略和语言技巧（参见Part Three Various Forms of Writing）。
5. 检查修改
这一步骤包括内容和语言，应更加侧重于语言方面的检查。
1)内容方面
⑴每个段落是否切题。
⑵观点是否明确。
⑶段落主题句是否准确。
⑷段落扩展句是否紧扣段落中心思想。
⑸段落首尾是否照应。
⑹段落之间、句子之间是否有较强的条理性、逻辑性。
⑺说理是否充分，是否提供了充分具体的论据、事例。
2)语言方面：
⑴是否有语法错误：主谓是否一致、动词时态是否正确一致、用词形式是否有误等。
⑵单词拼写是否有错、词汇运用是否准确。
⑶句式是否多样，搭配是否合理。
⑷是否有过渡词语的使用。
⑸书写格式是否规范。
6. 写作时间分配
可根据以下通常采用的时间分配方案，结合个人情况，找到最适合自己的写作节奏。
审题、构思——3分钟拟订提纲——5分钟
正文写作——20分钟检查、修改——2分钟
Part Two Methods of Developing Paragraphs
段落的扩展方式多种多样，其中举例法、列举法、比较法、因果法、分类法等五种方法在大学英语写作中较为常见。
I. Exemplification (举例法)
1. 举例法的含义
举例法是指使用具体事例、论据等对论点予以论证或阐述的方法。运用举例法时，所举事例可以是个人经历，名人逸事或日常事例，但都应具有可信、典型的特征。例如：In recent years, many Chinese schools and colleges have been suffering an acute shortage of teaching staff. According to a study, there are 100 candidates competing for every vacancy in big companies, whereas there are only ten applicants for a school where one teacher might be needed. （引用数据举例）
Indeed, anyone who wishes to make his life pleasant, efficient and successful will find it wise to “work while he works, play while he plays”. For example, when I am engaged in writing a passage now, I must do it with full concentration and should not think of going shopping with my roommates this afternoon. If my mind is focused on the writing, I will surely do it more smoothly with fewer mistakes and will get a good grade.（用个人经历举例）2. 举例法常用词语
for example, for instance, as another example, such as, like, be example(s) of, take …as an example, illustrate, show, prove, (e.g. The story he told about her illustrates/shows/proves her generosity very clearly.)
II. Listing (列举法)
1. 列举法的含义
列举法是指在扩展部分列举出一系列论据或原因等对主题句中提出的论点进行说明、论证的方法。运用列举法时，注意不能简单地罗列出所准备的细节，而要按照一定的逻辑顺序来安排多个例证的排列顺序，比如是按照时间顺序、空间顺序、还是主次顺序等。例如：
Young children should spend most of their time playing because it will offer them more advantages than will formal schooling at that age.[topic sentence] To begin with, a child who spends his early years out of school can learn many things that formal schooling does not teach, such as how to take care of himself and how to cope with an ever-expanding world. In addition, he will have a better opportunity to develop a good relationship with his family.
Another reason not to send a child to school too early is that he may not be ready. If he is not prepared to deal with the rules and the pressure of schoolwork, he may become discouraged and develop a negative attitude toward school. Last but not the least, children can learn many beneficial things through play. By having fun while learning, they not only gain knowledge, but develop curiosity and a desire to learn.
2. 列举法常用词语
as follows, in the following way, first/to begin with/for one thing, second, third, next, then, finally…
III. Comparison and Contrast (比较对照法)
1. 比较对照法的含义
比较对照法由比较和对照两部分组成，分别用来阐述两种或更多事物之间的相同或不同之处，从而使各个事物的特点更为突出。比较侧重相同点，对照着重不同点。在说明文、议论文写作中，比较和对照可以分开使用，也可以结合在一起使用。运用比较对照法时，可以先说一方再说另一方，即AABB的模式；也可以是双方同时展开，相互交替，即ABAB模式。例如：
There are both similarities and differences between movies and TV. For one thing, the first form of movies and TV were both in black and white. Besides, they both carry information. Furthermore, they both bring entertainment to people. And they both educate people and enrich people’s life. However, there also exist some differences between movies and TV. In the first place, they are different in their history. Movies have been with us for a longer time than TV. In the second place, movies have mainly low forms from the perspective of content, feature films and documentary films, whereas TV covers a wide range of subjects, from news report, educational programs, recreation, sports, music to TV series and even films. And finally, movies usually have to be seen in a cinema, while TV can be enjoyed at home.
本段结合比较法和对照法，论述了movies和TV两个事物的异同，采用先说相同点，后说不同点，将两事物同时逐点比较对照的方法。
2. 比较对照法常用过渡词语
⑴比较常用过渡词语
resemble, be the same as, be like, be equal to, be comparable to, be as …as, both …and, neither …nor, not only …but also…, similarly, in the same way, likewise, correspondingly, like
⑵对照法常用过渡词语
not as…as, contrast with, differ from, be different from, although, whereas, while, however, nonetheless, nevertheless, yet, still, but, on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast, unlike, contrary to, in contrast to, in opposition to
IV. Cause and Effect (因果法)
1. 因果法的含义
因果法是指通过对事物或现象的原因分析，找出事物发展的因果联系的扩展方法。
运用因果法时，可采用先因后果或先果后因两种模式；若有多个原因且有主次之分时，可考虑按照从主到次或从次到主的顺序来阐述各项内容。例如：
Some countries have banned smoking in many public places and office buildings, and they see strong reasons for this. The first and most important reason is that while limits on smoking restrict the rights of smokers, smoking itself affects the rights of non-smokers. Studies have shown that second-hand smoke can have a harmful effect on the health of non-smokers. Second, aside from the long-term health effects of second-hand smoke, it can have very serious immediate consequences for those who are allergic to it. Third, the ashes and cigarette butts left behind by smokers are another form of pollution. They dirty our environment and, as taxpayers, we must all pay for the cleanup of our public places.
本段以先果后因的形式展开。主题句（第一句）先提出事实，即有些国家已经禁止在许多公共场所吸烟，并用关键词reason引导出造成这一事实的三个理由，并根据其重要性上按照从主到次的顺序依次表达。
2. 因果法常用词语
because, because of, since, for, owing to, thanks to, on account of, due to, be due to, be a consequence of, result from, be the result of; as a result, consequently, in consequence, therefore, accordingly, for this reason, so, thus, lead to, contribute to, result in, cause, be the reason for
V. Classification (分类法)
分类法多见于说明文或议论文的说明部分，它是指先把同一事物按一定标准分类，再分别进行详细说明的扩展方法。运用分类法时，应注意保持分类标准的统一性，不能在段落中间随意改动。例如：
There are three kinds of book owners. The first has all the standards of sets and best-sellers—unread, untouched. The second has a great many books—a few of them read through, most of them dipped into, but all of them as clean and shiny as the day they were bought. The third has a few books or many — every one of them dog-eared and dilapidated, shaken and loosened by continual use, marked and scribbled in from front to back.
本段采用分类法，按照藏书人所读书籍多寡的标准，把藏书人分为三大类进行具体说明。
Part Three Various Forms of Writing (from appreciation to production)
I. Wring based on topic sentences（段首句作文）
1. 写作技巧
1. 1 认真审清标题和主题句，仔细分析研究标题与各主题句之间的关系，把握全文的主题。
1.2 充分理解主题句，以明确每段的写作重点并弄清各段之间的逻辑关系，使主题表述清晰
流畅。
1.3 根据标题和主题句选择与其关系最密切、最具说服力、最容易表达的细节、例子等围绕
主题句进行扩展。
2. Sample
Directions: Write a composition entitled “My Idea of Internet” in three paragraphs. You are given the first sentence of each paragraph and are required to develop its
idea in completing the paragraph. Write no less than 120 words.
My Idea of Internet
Internet plays an important role in our life.
Yet, Internet is not flawless.
There is no doubt that Internet has contributed and will contribute greatly to our life.
2. 1 Appreciation
My Idea of Internet
Internet plays an important role in our life. When you surf the net, the world seems smaller than ever, and countries far away seem no farther than your hometown. Every hour, thousands of people, including young children, university students, scientists, businessmen, see various information through Internet. You can discuss international affairs, football games, or your viewpoint on love and marriage with known or unknown people. In this way, you may make some friends, who share common views with you. And what’s more, various meetings can also be held on the net. “What a wonder!” many people do exclaim. Indeed, Internet is one of the most wonderful human inventions.
Yet, Internet is not flawless. First, there are too much rubbish on the net. Some people are just over-enthusiastic to offer worthless information. This, in turn, has made it more and difficult to find what you want. Secondly, officials also find it hard to prevent Internet form the invasion of criminals. To some extent, it actually makes it more convenient to commit certain crimes. And sometimes the cost is so prohibiting to many Chinese people. So we can see, just like most other inventions, Internet has its own problems.
There is no doubt that Internet has contributed and will contribute greatly to our life. We should make full use of it while minimizing its negative effects. I think a stricter administration will be of considerable help in making better use of Internet.
2.2 Analysis
⑴Framework of the essay (文章框架结构)
Para. 1因特网的作用
TS (topic sentence) Internet plays … in our life.
DS (developing sentences)
1.When we surf … hometown.(作用一：世界变小)
2.Every hour … through Internet. （作用二：获取信息）
3.You can … with you. (作用三：交友)
4.And what’s more,… the net. (作用四：网上会议)
TrS (transitional sentence)“What a …” do exclaim.
CS (concluding sentence) Indeed, Internet … inventions.
Para. 2因特网的局限/问题
TS: Yet, Internet is not flawless.
DS: 1. First… you want. (问题一)
2. Second, … crimes. (问题二)
3. And sometimes… Chinese. (问题三)
Para. 3因特网之我见
TS: There is no doubt… in our life.
DS: 1.We should make … in our life. (建议一)
2.I think … effects. (建议二)
⑵Useful Pattern Drills
1.When you surf the net, the world seems smaller than ever, and countries far away seem n
farther than your hometown.
2.Second, officials also find it hard to prevent Internet from the invasion of criminals.
3.I think a stricter administration will be of great help in making better use of Internet.
⑶Choice of Words
1.And what’s more
2.in turn
3. negative
4.be of help(c.f. be helpful)
5.exclaim(c.f.. cry)
6.convenient(c.f. easy)
7.minimize(c.f. reduce)
3. Production
Practice One
The Importance of Education
The prosperity of a nation depends on the development of education.
Education is also vital to the development of an individual.
Some people, however, are still ignorant of the importance of education.
Practice Two
Why Do People Like to Buy Lottery
Nowadays some people tend to try their luck on lottery tickets and dream to win the big prize.
There are many purposes for these crazy lottery-goers who can’t resist buying some lottery tickets whenever they see them.
As far as I am concerned, lottery is a kind of public drive, which benefits the society.
II. Writing based on Chinese outlines （汉语提纲作文）
1.写作技巧
1.1审好标题，仔细推敲提纲思路，确定提纲所隐含的文章主题，不要遗漏甚至违背提纲规
范的文章要求。
1.2 充分利用提纲信息写好每段的主题句。主题句应紧扣主题、言简意赅。
1.3根据标题、提纲和主题句选择与其关系最密切、最具说服力且最容易表达的细节、例子
等围绕主题句进行扩展。
2. Sample
Directions：Write a composition on the topic “Future of China’s Football” according to the following outline (given in Chinese). Your composition should be no less than
120 words.
Outline:
1.中国足球的现状。
2.中国足球的进步与不足。
3.对足球的展望。
2.1 Appreciation
Future of China’s Football
Currently football is the world’s No. 1 sport. Billions of Chinese people are watching the World Cups almost each time, but unfortunately, the Chinese team almost fails in the Asian qualifications, let alone entering the World Cups. What an agony for every Chinese! However, we should never accept such defeat as final but rise to fight again.
We have to see football in a new light. On the one hand, our team is still rather weak. We lack for a galaxy of world-class stars and qualified coaches with much winning experience in international games. Moreover, strong teams are often firmly supported by powerful economy. The developing China cannot afford big football funds yet. On the other hand, we have made great leaps in our football league; professional football has become one of the world’s largest industries, backed by millions of fans. And the last but not the least problem is that our Asian rivals have also made bigger progress.
China’s football will have a bright future. With the rapid growth of our economy, this sport has been attracting more money and better coaches even from abroad and a growing number of football fans as well. We believe that our football team will be getting much stronger in the near future.
2.2 Analysis
⑴Framework of the essay
Para. 1 中国足球的现状
TS: Currently football … No. 1 sport. (引出主题)
DS: 1. Billions of … World Cups.（中国足球的处境）
2. What an agony … Chinese! (中国人民的苦恼)
Para. 2以新的角度看待我们的足球
TS: We have … a new light.
DS: 1. On the one hand,… fund yet. (角度一：不足之处)
2. On the other hand, … fans. (角度二：中国足球的进步)
3. And the last … bigger progress. (角度三：其他国家的足球也在进步) Para. 3对足球的展望
TS: China’s football … bright future. (中国足球的未来)
DS: 1. With the … as well. (外援和经济的支持)
2. We believe … near future. (寄予希望)
⑵Useful Pattern Drills
1.However, we should never accept such defeat as final but rose to fight again.
2.On the other hand, we have made great leaps in our football league; professional football
has become one of the world’s largest industries, backed by millions of fans.
3.With the rapid growth of our economy, this sport has been attracting more money and
better coaches even from abroad and a growing number of football fans as well.
⑶Choice of Words
1.let alone
2.agony(c.f. suffering)
3.in a … light 4 . galaxy (c.f. famous people)
5.make great leaps in (c.f. make progress in)
6.back(Vt.)
3.Production
Practice One
It Pays to be Honest
1.当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象。
2.诚实利人利己，做人应该诚实。
Practice Two
Knowledge and Certificates
1.人们常把知识和文凭联系在一起。
2.然而，一个有丰富知识的人并不意味着就应该有张文凭。
3.我们也不应该想当然地认为有文凭的人就一定有学问。
III. Writing based on key words given （关键词作文）
1.写作技巧
1.1 认真审清标题，对要写的短文主题、内容和结构有一个大致的安排。
1.2 把关键词和标题结合起来研究，判断短文的中心思想。
1.3 结合关键词的给出顺序和短文中心，确定各词语间的逻辑关系和内容层次，然后分好
段落并拟好提纲。
1.4 关键词的使用上有两点值得注意：
⑴全部用上，不要遗漏。
⑵不要顾此失彼：只考虑词语使用而忽视了整篇短文的一致性、连贯性和条理性。
2.Sample
Directions: Write a composition entitled “Fake Diplomas” based on the following words and phrases given.
Key words: problem, practical abilities, disorder, do harm to, eliminate, keep detailed record of, punish, cope with, prohibit
2.1 Appreciation
Fake Diplomas
It’s reported that fake diplomas have become a very serious problem in the personnel market nowadays. The prospective employers put too much emphasis on the job seekers’educational background, and neglect their practical abilities. As a result, all kinds of fake diplomas and certificates come into being to meet this abnormal phenomenon in our society. Therefore, fake diplomas disorder the job and employment markets and even do harm to the society.
Nevertheless, our government has adopted a series of means to eliminate fake diplomas. For one thing, some organizations have kept detailed record of the diploma holders and issued the diplomas with fake-proof seal, which can’t be easily copied. For another, for those who fabricate fake diplomas government has take legal measures to punish them severely, including forcing them to pay a heavy fine. Finally, some employers have given more weight to candidate s’ abilities. Once they find their employees get the jobs by using fake diplomas, they will dismiss them from their posts immediately.
The above only serve as the basic ways to cope with the problems. Therefore, we should work out some more effective methods to prohibit fake diplomas.
2.2 Analysis
⑴Framework of the essay
Para. 1—Introduction
TS: It is reported … nowadays. (假文凭现象的严重性)
DS: 1.The prospective … abilities. （出现的原因）
2.As a result,… our society. (后果)
3.Therefore,… harm to the society. (危害)
Para. 2—Body
TS: Nevertheless… fake diplomas. (采取措施)
DS: 1.For one thing … easily copied. (措施一)
2.For another… fines. (措施二)
3.Finally … job posts. (措施三)
Para. 3 —Conclusion
TS: The above … problems. (处理问题的方法)
DS: Therefore … fake diplomas.（禁止假文凭）
⑵Useful pattern drills
1.The prospective employers put too much emphasis on the job seekers’educational background, and neglect their practical abilities.
2. For one thing, some organizations have kept detailed record of the diploma holders and issued the diplomas with fake-proof seal, which can’t be easily copied.
⑶Choice of words
1.prospective (c.f. future)
https://www.doczj.com/doc/ed7212359.html,e into being/existence
3. issue (c.f. give)
4.fabricate (c.f. make)
5.give weight to (c.f. pay attention to)
3. Production
Practice One
Advantages of Oral Communications
Key words: face to face, by telephone, speed, convey instantly, oral response, instant feedback, a conversation, reactions, in telephone conversations, tone of voice,
control of the situation, written messages, audience, pay attention, be well
received
Practice Two
The Reform of College Curricula
Key words: complain,not much helpful, acquire, outdate, impractical, inapplicable, it is high time to, new economic system, connected with, pure theory, be competent for,
the shift of the economic system, corresponding change in, make adjustment,
catch up with
IV. Writing based on visual aids （图表作文）
1.写作技巧
1.1 仔细观察研究图表内容，包括图表的文字、说明部分和图表中的具体数据，以弄清图
表所试图反映的问题、现象或趋势。
1.2在充分领会图表信息的基础上，结合标题和其他提示构思文章布局。一般说来，图表作
文可采用以下这种结构：
1.3文章中引用的数据应代表其体现的趋势或变化，而决不能毫无目的地大量照搬堆砌。
1.4语言要客观，结论应合乎逻辑。
2. 常用句型
2.1引入图表的句型
We can see/know from the chart / table / g raph / (that) …
It can been seen from the chart / table / graph / (that) …
It is obvious/evident/clear/apparent from the chart / table / graph / (that) …
As can be seen from the from the chart / table / graph / …
According to the chart/table/graph, …
The chart / table / graph shows (that) …
As (is) shown from the chart / table / graph / (that) …
2.2 表示数量增加、减少的句型
The consumption of (milk) rose dramatically from 1985 to 1990.
The profit increased significantly from May to June.
The number of (private cars) went up sharply from 1000 to 1002.
The amount of (computers) soared in the past five years.
The use of solar energy climbed steadily between 1998 and 2001.
There was a jump in the profit of sales in the past two years.
There was a gradual increase in the amount of meat consumption between 1996 and 2000. There was a slow reduction of …
3. Sample
Directions:Write a composition on “Income Sources of College Students”based on following chart in three paragraphs. You should base your composition on the
outline below:
1.概括说明中美大学生的主要收入来源。
2.分析产生这种不同现象的可能原因。
3.1 Appreciation
Income Sources of College Students
According to the investigation into the income sources of students, the income of the American and the Chinese students comes from almost the same channels: parents, part-time jobs and scholarship. However, the percentage of each is quite different. Half of the American students’ income is from their parents and fifteen percent from the scholarships granted by colleges and universities. Chinese students, on the other hand, get ninety percent of their income from their parents.
In my opinion, there are many reasons for the phenomenon. American students are taught to be independent right from childhood while Chinese parents care so much for their children that it is almost unthinkable for college students to love on their own. In addition, Chinese students have fewer opportunities to find part-time jobs.
Nevertheless, more and more Chinese students are seeking part-time jobs nowadays. They are eager to acquire some social skills and earn extra money, which will make them less dependent on their parents. But I expect the source of American students’ income will remain the same.
3.2Analysis
⑴Framework of the essay
Para. 1 —Introduction （收入来源）
TS: According to … quite different. (来源相同，但比例不同)
DS: Half of the American students’ income … their parents. (具体不同)
Para. 2 —Body (产生不同的原因)
TS: In my opinion, … the phenomenon.
DS: 1.American students … on their own. (原因一)
2.In addition, … part-time jobs. (原因二)
Para. 3—Conclusion (展望)
TS: Nevertheless,… jobs nowadays. (中国学生谋求打工)
DS: 1.The … on their parents. (带来的趋势)
2. But … the same. (对美国学生的预测)
⑵Useful pattern drills
1.According to the investigation into the income sources of students, the income of the
American and the Chinese students comes from almost the same channels: parents, part-time jobs and scholarship. （表格作文开篇常用语）
2.In my opinion, there are many reasons for the phenomenon. American students are taught
to be independent right from childhood while Chinese parents care so much for their children that it is almost unthinkable for college students to love on their own.
3. They are eager to acquire some social skills and earn extra money, which will make them
less dependent on their parents.
⑶Choice of words
1.however
2.granted (c.f. given)
3.on the other hand
4.be taught/brought up to be independent
5.in addition
6.acquire(c.f. get)
4. Production
Directions:You are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic “Student Use of Computers”. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on
the chart and the outline given below:
1 下图所示为1990年、1995年、2000年某校大学生使用计算机的情况，请描述其变
化。
2. 请说明发生这些变化的原因（可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说）。
3. 你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。
V. Writing based on given situations (情景作文)
1. 写作技巧
1.1仔细阅读领会所提供的情景提示及作文要求，不要忽略任何一点内容。
1.2根据所提供的情景确定文章中心思想，若有标题，可结合起来分析。
1.3紧扣主题并严格按照情景中规定的条件、范围和内容要求展开文章，做到切题切景。
1.4合理展开想象，但不能脱离主题和所规定的情景。
2. Sample
Directions:For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic:
A letter to the university president about the canteen service on campus. You
should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the following
information given in Chinese.
假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以是兼而有之。
2.1 Appreciation
April 8. 2009 Dear Mr. President,
My name is Li Ming. I am a sophomore of the law school. As the school year is drawing to a close, I venture to write a letter to you about the canteen service on campus, which has given rise to much complaint among students.
The focus of the complaint is the poor quality of the food. The rice is just like bullets and the buns are like hand grenades. They are too hard for us to chew. And the vegetables are so overcooked as to lose their nutrients. The fish and the meat are not given full measure. He only thing we are satisfied with is the free soup. However, the price of the food is surprisingly high. If we have 3 meals ass in the canteen, at least twelve Yuan is gone to keep our body and soul together. As a result, many of us go out to have meals.
Honestly speaking, the dining environment has been improved, with the wall painted and some Chinese calligraphy works posted up. But there are only two canteens on the campus. As the number of students is ever increasing, there is not enough space and seats to allow us to have our meals there. The attitude of the service staff to the students is not hospitable at all. All in all, there is much room for improvement as far as the canteen service is concerned. I hope we will not suffer for the rest of college life.
Sincerely yours,
Li Ming
2.2 Analysis
⑴Framework of the essay
Para. 1—Introduction (写信的目的)
Para. 2—Body (学校食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务)
Para. 3 —Conclusion(建议：服务有待进一步改善)
⑵Useful pattern drills
1.As the school year is drawing to a close, I venture to write a letter to you about the
canteen service on campus, which has given rise to much complaint among students.
2.The rice is just like bullets and the buns are like hand grenades. (Simile)
3.If we have 3 meals ass in the canteen, at least twelve Yuan is gone to keep our body and
soul together. (Hyperbole)
4.All in all, there is much room for improvement as far as the canteen service is concerned.
⑶Choice of words
1.draw to a close (c.f. come to an end)
2.venture to
3.not given full measure
4. surprisingly high
5.posted up
6. hospitable (c.f. friendly)
3. Production
Practice One
Directions: Write a composition on the topic: Some Suggestions to the President of our University. You should base your composition on the situation given below.
你是某大学的二年级学生。在过去的一年中，你对学校的师资力量和教学设备等均感到满意，但同时你也发现了大学生活中的一些不足之处，你决定给校长写一封信，阐述你的看法，提出一些建设性的意见。
英语作文四级范文 1 Succeeds Without a Strong Will There is an old saying: where there is a will, there is a way. It tells us that a strong will is the most essential quality that anyone who wants to achieve success. It can contribute a lot to one’s success. Alth ough “All roads lead to Rome”, none of them is completely smooth. Our life is filled with obstacles which may make us feel so hopeless that we may choose to give up. At the crucial moment, strong will helps a lot. As a matter of fact, the ability to work through difficult situation and unfortunate events with strong will can make one stronger and more capable. In other words, if we want to realize life’s goal, we must keep forging ahead with strong consciousness. From what has been discussed above, we can see that the establishment of tough determination is of great importance to everyone. With a strong will, including our knowledge, we will be able to deal with any situation in our life. Whatever we do, as long as we stick to and do not give up easily, we will realize the goal at last. 2Commercialization of Campus Music In recent years, campus music has been commercialized gradually. More and more enterprises are
英语作文万能句子精选 （一）段首句 1. 关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为…… There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____. 2. 俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然 适用。 There is an old saying______. It"s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correc t in many cases even today. 3. 现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。 · 4. 现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外（而且）……。 Nowadays，it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______. Besides，_ _____. 5. 任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。 Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disa dvantages. 6. 关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来，…… opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______. People’s To them,_____. 7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。 Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious. 8. ……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。
1.Weak men wait for opportunity, but the strong men make it. 弱者等待机会，强者创造机 会。 2.Opportunity meets the prepared mind, as the old saying goes. 正如俗话所说，机遇只属于那些有心理准备的人。 3.Perseverance is failing nineteen times and succeeding the twentieth. 十九次失败，到第二十次获得成功，这就叫坚持。 4.He tried hard to learn, and to be a good boy, and he succeeded fairly well. 他用心学 习，又很听话，因此一切倒还顺利。 5.In fact, there 'asn old Chinese saying which goes, “Hew ho hasn'bt een to the Great Wall is not a true man. 实际上”，中国有句古谚语说：“不到长城非好汉。” 6. A man is not old as long as he is seeking something. －John Barrymore 只要一个人还有所 追求 , 她就没有老。── 约翰·巴里莫尔 (美国艺术家 ) 7.To take advantage of them, you can 't let yourself be destroyed by a defeat, or let others set the limits on your ability to achieve. 利用它们 , 你就不会被一次失败击倒 , 也不会让别人来限制住你成功的能力。 8.Only those who have the patience to do simple things perfectly ever acquire the skill to do difficult things easily. 只有有耐心圆满完成简单工作的人才能够轻而易举地完成困难的事。 9.The most important thing in life is to have a beautiful dream and good ways to realize it. 人生最重要的是要有美梦，并有好的方法去实现它。 10.We must carry on till success in spite of the extremely difficult conditions. 尽管条件极端困难 , 我们必须坚持下去 , 直到成功。 11.This belief in equal opportunity has produced a spirit of compet ition. It 's like a race to the top of the success ladder. 这种机会均等的信念造就了一种竞争的精神 , 它就像一场通往成功之梯顶端的比赛一样。 12.Success is dangerous. One begins to copy oneself, and to copy oneself is more dangerous than to copy others. It leads to sterility. － Picasso (1881-1973), Spanish artist 成 功是危险的。一个成功的人开始模仿自己，而模仿自己比模仿别人更加危险。因为这样做将毫无结果。── 毕加索 (1881－ 1973), 西班牙画家 13.But failure also taught me that life is a road with unpredictable forks and unexpected tomorrows. 但是, 失败还使我懂得 , 生活的道路充满了无法预测的岔路口和无法预料的明天。 14.The common idea that success spoils people by making them vain, egotistic, and self-complacent is erroneous; on the contrary, it makes them, for the most part, humble, tolerant, and kind. Failure makes people cruel and bitter. －W. Somerset Maugham (1874-1965), British author 人们普遍认为成功使人变得虚荣、自以为是、自满 , 从而毁了他们 , 但这种看法是错误的；恰恰相反 , 成功在很大程度上使人变得谦恭、宽容、善良。失败则使人变得残忍、怨愤。── W·萨默塞特·莫姆 (1874－1965), 英国作家 15.Against all the odds she achieved her dream of becoming an actress. 她冲破重重困难，实现了当演员的梦想。 16.He is too smart not to jump at the chance. 他这个人很精明，不会错过这个机会的。 17.I'm not sure if I 'll succeed, but I certainly hope 是so否. 成功我没有把握 , 不过我当然希望会成功 18.I wish you every success. 祝你万事如意！ 19.He seems to be successful in anything he tries. 他好像不论做什么事都能成功。 20.Experience shows that success is due less to ability than to zeal. 经验告诉我们，成功与其
2020四级英语作文万能句子(观点篇) 1.The human race has entered a completely new stage in its history, alone with the advance of the society and the increasingly rapid economic globalization and urbanization, more problems are brought to our attention,one of which is that...... 人类进入了一个历史的崭新的阶段，随着科技发展和经济快速增长、经济全球化、都市化的速度不断加快，随之给我们带来了很多问题，其中之一便是...... 2.Recently the phenomenon has aroused wide concern, some people are in alarm that.... 最近，这种现象引起了人们的广泛关注，有人开始担心 ______________。 3....... plays such an important role that it un de nia bly (无可厚非的)becomes a wide-spread concern of the present world, there comes a question, is it a blessing or a curse?" _______显得非常重要而成为当今世界所关注的最大的问题，这是无可厚非的。不过，问题是："我们该如何抉择?" 4.As society develops, There are a wide-spread concern over......
英语作文范文 英语四级写作范文 Directions：In this section you are required to write a letter in reply to a friend’s inquiry about applying for admission to your college or university. You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below： 1.建议报考的专业及理由； 2.报考该专业的基本条件； 3.应当如何备考。 A Letter of Reply to a Friend December 27, 2003 Dear When it comes to which major you should choose, I propose that you apply for the major of English. To begin with, English is the most popular language in the world, which is widely used in all fields such as teaching, translation, foreign trade and so on. What’s more, it goes without saying that English majors are more likely to find a good job in the
英语四级作文万能模板 一、提纲式作文 1．对立观点式 A．有人认为X 是好事，赞成X，为什么？B．有人认为X 是坏事，反对X，为什么？C．我的看法。 Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X. They point out the fact that 支持X 的第一个原因。They also argue that 支持X 的另一个原因。 However, other people stand on a different ground. They consider it harmful to do X. They firmly point out that 反对X 的第一个理由。An example can give the details of this argument: 一个例子。 There is some truth in both arguments. But I think the advantages of X overweigh the disadvantages. In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, X also may X 的有一个坏处。 二、批驳观点式 A．一个错误观点。B．我不同意。 Many people argue that 错误观点。By saying that, they mean 对这个观点的进一步解释。An example they have presented is that 一个例子。（According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响）。There might be some element of truth in these people’s belief. But if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 与错误观点相反的观点。There are a number of reasons behind my belief. (以下参照辩论文的议论文写法)。 三、社会问题（现象）式 A．一个社会问题或者现象。 B．产生的原因 C．对社会和我们生活的影响 D．如何杜绝。（如果是问题的话） E．前景的预测。 Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem. (X has increasingly become a common concern of the public). According to a survey, 调查内容说明这种现象的情况。（或者是一个例子）。 There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon. 下面参照辩论式议论文的写法。 X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated（表达）in the following aspects. 参照辩论式议论文的写法。 A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm. 参照辩论式议论文的写法。 Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people will …….. 图表式作文 It is obvious in the graph/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes. It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years (as X varies). At the point of （接近）X1, Y reaches its peak value of …(多少).
大学四级英语作文常用谚语和万能句型 where there is a will，there is a way.有志者事竟成 the brightest of all things, the sun, has its spots. 金无赤足，人无完人。 the best of friends must part. 莫逆至交，终有一别。 the best man stumbles. 伟人也有犯错时。 take time to deliberate; but when the time for action arrives, stop thinking and go in. 做事要深思熟虑，但时机一到，就要动手，不要犹豫。 books, like friends, should be few and well chosen. 书籍如朋友，应该少而精。 a true friend is known in the day of adversity. 疾风知劲草，患难见真情。 a near friend is better than a far-dwelling kinsman. 远亲不如近邻。 a friend to everybody is a friend to nobody. 广交友，无深交。 a friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真交。 low self-esteem is like driving through life with your hand-break on.缺乏自信,就好象没拉手刹地在人生道路上行驶。 self-confidence and self-reliance are the mainstays of a strong character.自信和自力更生是坚强品格的柱石。 rome was not built in a day. 伟业非一日之功。 great minds think alike. 英雄所见略同。 well begun，half done. 好的开始等于成功的一半。 it is hard to please all. 众口难调。 facts speak plainer than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 call back white and white back. 颠倒黑白。 first things first. 凡事有轻重缓急。 action speaks louder than words. 行动胜过语言。 east or west，home is the best. 金窝银窝不如自家草窝。 its not the gay coat that makes the gentleman. 君子在德不在衣。 we must not lie down,and cry,god help us. 求神不如求己。 live and learn. 活到老，学到老。 a smooth sea never made a skillful mariner. 平静的大海决不能造就出熟练的水手。no way is impossible to courage. 勇士面前无险路。 the fire is the test of gold;adversity of strong man. 烈火试真金，困苦炼壮士。many a little makes a mickle. 积少便成多。 a good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口利于病，忠言逆耳利于行。 a man is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。 a thousand mile trip begins with one step. 千里之行，始于足下。 do nothing by halves. 不可半途而废。 a miss is as good as a mile. 失之毫厘，差之千里. all roads lead to rome. 处处有路通罗马。 all beginnings are hard. 万事开头难。 opportunity meets the prepared mind, as the old saying goes. 正如俗话所说，机遇只属于那些有心理准备的人。 knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。 more hasty,less speed. 欲速则不达。 look before you leap. 三思而后行。
四级写作范文必背经典 大学英语四级范文背诵(01) COLLEGE STUDENTS SHOULD ATTEND PHYSICAL EXERCISE Physical exercise is a necessary part of college life. However, still some college students do not like to attend sports activities, they think those activities waste their time and influence their study. Indeed, it is very unwise for college students to keep distance from physical exercise because physical exercise is not harmful but good to them. College students can benefit a lot from physical exercise. First of all, attending physical sports can help students build a strong body, and keep abounding energy. Moreover, physical exercise is an effective way to relief pressure and keep a pleasant move. Besides, by attending physical activities, students can have chances to contact and communicate with others which can help them improve their social skills. Nowadays, all colleges and universities have provided many sports facilities for students to do physical exercises, students can chose freely according to their interests and needs. As for me, I am keen on all kinds of ball games, especially football and basketball. From these games, I have gained a lot, and enjoined great pleasure. To conclude, physical exercise is beneficial to every college students, and therefore do not hesitate to attend sports activities. 大学英语四级范文背诵(02) Online games As a product of modern computer and the Internet, online games have become very popular among college students. Many students have enjoyed great pleasure and satisfaction from these games. But as we see, some students lacking self discipline on too much indulge in these games. So that their health and academic performances are affected. This phenomenon has caused much worry from the teachers and parents. However, some others argue that online games are not always harmful. They can train their ability of youngsters to respond to things quickly. Moreover, they can stimulate their imagination and their interest in computer science. More importantly, it does bring college students much pleasure and release their pressure greatly. Form my point of view, online games are wonderful entertainment if you play them in a clever way. When they interfere too much with your study, it is better for you to give them up at once, but if you have enough self control over them, you can certainly obtain real pleasure and benefit a lot from them. 大学英语四级范文背诵(03) Certificates Craze on Campus In recent years, to get a certificate has become a new craze among college students. Just randomly, ask a student on campus what he or she is busy doing, quite possibly, you may get the answer that he or she is preparing for a certificate of some kind. Why does this craze appear? There are two mainly reasons behind this phenomenon. First, it is the employments pressure that forces college students to get more certificates. With the admission expansion of
作文经典套句 一、~~~ the + ~ est + 名词+ (that) + 主词+ have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc) - ~~~ the most + 形容词+ 名词+ (that) + 主词+ have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc) - 例句：Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen. - 海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。- Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had. - 张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。- - 二、Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V - 例句：Nothing is more important than to receive education. - 没有比接受教育更重要的事。- - 三、~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much.（再怎么强调...的重要性也不为过。）- 例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much. - 我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。- - 四、There is no denying that + S + V ...（不可否认的...）- 例句：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse. - 不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。- - 五、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子~~ （全世界都知道...）- 例句：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us. - 全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。- -
四级英语作文范文 范文：Healthy Life 1、健康的生活方式包括合理膳食、有规律的起居、锻炼等。2、不好的生活方式包括抽烟、饮酒、暴饮暴食等。3、好的习惯使身体健康，不良习惯引发多种疾病。Healthy life style involves keeping a balanced diet，living a routine life，and undertaking regular physical exercises. A balanced diet means eating a variety of foods and allowing for an adequate intake of them every day. Living a routine life refers to getting up and going to bed at a fixed time, and maintaining 8-hour sleep each day. Doing physical exercisesregularly is also the key to staying healthy. Choose a suitable type of exercise depending on your own interests and physical conditions and keep to it. Unhealthy life style includes smoking, drinking and overeating. Smoking would cause bronchitis and lung cancer. According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking. Drinking would result in health and social problems. Drunk driving is a deadly hazard both to the person himself and to other people. Overeating would lead to obesity, diabetes, and other health-related diseases. It has been an undisputable fact that good life style will make people healthy, and bad one will result in many diseases. To keep fit, we should develop good living habits, , eating a balanced diet, living a routine life, and doing physical exercises regularly. 范文：Grammar Learning 1、在很长一段时间，中国的英语教学非常重视语法教学。2、近年来，有人提出在英语教学中要取消语法教学，因为死背语法规则的确不是有效的学习方法。3、但语法学习也有其必要性，关键在于如何将语法学习与语言应用相结合。In the past, grammar was the focus of the English language teaching and learning in China. The English class had been dominated by teachers’explaining grammar rules and sentence structures. Students were busy taking notse and they were given no time to practice using English for munication. Consequently, while having acquired a sufficient amount of grammar knowledge, students did not know how to express themselves in simple English. In recent years, it has been argued that we should stop teaching grammar in class, as memorizing grammar rules is not the proper way to learn English. It is suggested that more emphasis should be laid
四级英语作文万能句子 （一）段首句 1. 关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为…… There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____. 2. 俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。 There is an old saying______. It"s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today. 3. 现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。 Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____ Second,____. What makes things worse is that______. 4. 现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外（而且）……。 Nowadays，it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______. Besides，______. 5. 任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。 Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages. 6. 关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来，…… People’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them,_____. 7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。 Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious. 8. ……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。
大学英语作文四级万能模板 开头万能公式 1．开头万能公式一：名人名言 有人问了，“我没有记住名言，怎么办？尤其是英语名言？”，很好办：编！ 原理：我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的，包括我们欣赏的文章也是，所以尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道理呦！而且没准将来我们就是名人呢！对吧？ 经典句型： A proverb says, “ You are only young once.” （适用于已记住的名言） It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. （适用于自编名言） 更多经典句型： As everyone knows, No one can deny that… 开头万能公式一：数字统计 原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。 原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的，可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一，但编无妨，只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型： According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation. 看起来这个数字文邹邹的，其实都是编造出来的，下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造： Honesty：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。 Travel by Bike：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。 Youth：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。 Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work?：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。 更多句型： A recent statistics shows that … 结尾万能公式 1．结尾万能公式一：如此结论 说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信各位都有这样的经历，领导长篇大论，到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话，我们马上停止开小差，等待领导说结束语。也就是说，开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结尾，让读者眼前一亮，这样，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子： Obviously（此为过渡短语）, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others. 如果读者很难“显而见之”，但说无妨，就当读者的眼光太浅罢了！ 更多过渡短语： to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus 更多句型： Thu s, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that… 如此建议 如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话，那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废