Unit 9

Unit 9Question1.Why is Mark Twain one of America's best-loved authors?Because his literary works like two novels about Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer are welcomed by Americans, who expected him as adventurous, patriotic, romantic, and humorous,2.Give a brief account of Mark Twain's experience before he becamea writer.He worked as a tramp printer , river pilot , Confederate guerrilla , prospector , and reporter before he became a writer.3.Why did the author adopt "Mark Twain" as his pen name?He adopted his pen name from the cry heard on the steamboat, signaling two fathoms of water.4.When did Mark Twain become a pilot on a steamboat?How long did he stay there? What did he learn there?What effect did this experience have on his writing?He become a pilot on a steamboat in 1857 and stay there for four and a half years. He learned a lot about human nature and gained a keen perception of the human race there,which immensely enriched his writing.5.Why did Mark Twain leave the river country?What did he do then? Because the development of railroad, rendered demand for steamboat pilots and the breakout of the Civil War. Then he became a Confederate guerrilla.6.What story did he write that made him known as "the wild humorist of the Pacific slope"?"The celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County."7.Why did the book ,the Innocent Abroad,become an instant best-seller?Because it was a book centered on satirizing Europe and the Holy Land, arousing great interest among Americans.8.Why is Tom Sawyer as sure to be studied in American schools today as is the Declaration of Independence?Because it is a classical story of American boyhood about Tom's naughty daring, ingenuity, and the lovely innocence of his emotion for Becky Thatcher.9.Why did Mark Twain become bitter late in life?Because personal tragedies made him become bitter in the later life. Paraphrase1.a man who became obsessed with the frailties of the human race.a man who became constantly preoccupied by the moral disadvantage of mankind.2.Mark Twain digested the new American experience before sharing it with the world as writer and lecturer.Mark Twain first observed and absorbed the new American experience, and then made it widely known to the world in his books.3.The cast of characters set before him in his new profession was rich and varied--a cosmos.In his new career he could meet all kinds of people4.Broke and discouraged, he accepted a job as reporter with the Virginia City Territorial Enterprise…With no money and a low feeling, he accepted a job as reporter with Territorial Enterprise in Virginia City5.Mark Twain began digging his way to regional fame as a newspaper reporter and humorist.Mark Twain began working diligently to become known locally as a newspaper reporter and humorist.6."and when she projects a new surprise, the grave world smiles as usual, and says 'Well, that is California all over'""and when California determined to make a new surprise, the solemn people in other states of America smile as usual, making a comment 'that's typical of California. '"7.Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh.The man who made the world smile was himself consumed by pain.Translate1.对贫困的担忧使她忧心重重。

He was obsessed with anxieties of poverty.2.洞庭湖盛产鱼虾。

Dongting Lake teems with fish and shrimps.3.汤姆的聪明丝毫不亚于班上第一名的学生。

In class Tom was every bit wise as the top boy.4.我认识他，但我们说不上是朋友。

I got acquainted with him, but we were not friends.5.在压力下，他别无办法，只好离职。

Under stress, he had no other choice but quit office.6.最后他被她说服了，决定改变原计划。

In the end he succumbed to her persuasion and decided to change his original plan.7.那时许多儿童死于天花。

Many children succumbed to small pox then8.他发现船舱里进了很多水，十分惊恐。

Much to his horror, he found the cabin flooded.9.孩子们考试成绩优异，家长和老师都很满意。

The kids did extremely well in their exam, to the great satisfaction of both parents and teachers.10.彼得的特点正是如此。

That's Peter's personalities all over.11.直到半夜医生才做完手术。

Not until midnight did the surgeon finish the operation.12.历史课使我对古代文明有所了解。

The history course has acquainted me with ancient civilization.13.老作家根据这个民间故事写成了一个电影剧本。

The old writer shaped the folktale into a film scenario14.新上演的那出话剧充分表现了中国人民大无畏的革命精神。

The dauntless revolutionary spirit of the Chinese people finds full expression in the new play.Unit10Question1.How much do you know about the author from this article?When he was a teacher at a secondary school in a little town Dayton which is in the mountains of Tennessee in the 1920s, he was charged with teaching evolution and had to be present in the court.T he trial, however, rocked the world, After that ,he studied at University of Chicago and later became a geologist for an oil company.2.What do you think of the struggles between fundamentalists and modernists? What did that show?In fact, the struggles between fundamentalists and modernists were struggles between ignorance and wisdom religion and science, which showed the spread of science and truth.3.Why was so much attention paid to this trial in an out-of-the-way small town in the U.S.?Because the result would influence the whole country, even the world.4.Try to elaborate the view of Darrow and Malone and that of Bryan's.Darrow and Malone believed that Evolution Theory could co-exist with the Bible and it was acceptable for a Christian to be an evolutionist, and the Bible should be protected and accepted literally.Bryan did not think so.5.What have you learned about the law and legal procedures in the U.S.? Do you think them sensible ?Beginning with prayer the trial showed the connection of the religion with the law.Among 12 jurors three of them had never read any book except the Bible.That showed that the religion and ignorance play a significant role in the law.According to the fact, the law and legal procedures in America as that time were not sensible.6.Did John Scopes lose or win the case?Although John Scopes lost the case in the court,he won in a real sense.7.What have you learn about the Bible?The Bible should not be taken literally.In fact, there is something inconsistent. It can be accepted as a religious book which should not be defined as law and truth.8.What do you think is the message of this article?This article is intended to draw the attention of the whole world to the Evolution Theory and persuade people to respect science.Paraphrase1.we'll show them a few tricks.We have some smart and unexpected measures which will surprise all of them in the trial.2.The case had erupted round my head……The case had befallen me unexpectedly and strongly.3.The fundamentalists adhered to d literal interpretation of the Old Testament.The fundamentalists insisted on what is said in the Bible.4.that all animal life …… Had evolved from a common ancestor.That all animal life had developed step by from a common original organism. 5."Let's take this thing to court and test the legality of it."Let's accuse Scopes of teaching evolution and let the court decide if he is breaking the law or not.6.People from the surrounding hills, mostly fundamentalists, arrived to cheer Bryan against the "infidel outsiders."People from the neighbor mountains,mostly fundamentalists,came to sustain Bryan against those professors,scientists, and lawyers who came from big cities in the north and were not fundamentalists.7.As my father growled,"That's one hell of a jury!""That's no jury at all",my father grumbled wrathfully.8.He is here because ignorance and bigotry are rampant.He is here because ignorance and prejudice are unbridled and widespread.9.Spectators paid to gaze at it and ponder whether they might be related.People had no pay in order to see the ape and reflect attentively whether apes and people could have the same ancestry.10.and the crowd punctuated his defiant replies with fervent"Amens".and the crowd eagerly interrupted his incompliant answers with fervent"Amens".Translate1.当时形而上学十分猖獗。