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西电科技英语课件——第四章_动词非谓语形式

第四章动词非谓语形式

主讲: 蒋维静

2011年10月

§4 .1 动词不定式

1、普通不定式:其功能有“主、宾、表、定、状、补”

(1)主语

特点:

ⅰ、句子谓语必定为单数第三人称形式

ⅱ、往往可用形式主语“it”的句型

§4 .1 动词不定式~1、普通不定式

(1)主语

①“It+ 系动词+ 表语+ 不定式”

It is of great interest to study the three laws of motion.

It proves convenient to describe the ability to conduct current in terms of conductance(电导).

§4 .1 动词不定式~1、普通不定式

(1)主语

It is possible to (do …)

It is necessary to (do …)It is a simple matter to (do …)

“我们能够……”“我们必须……”“……是容易的”

①“It + 系动词+ 表语+ 不定式”

§4 .1 动词不定式~1、普通不定式

(1)主语

②“It+ 及物动词(take★, require, do, make)+ 宾语+ 不定式”

It takes sunlight about 8minutes to reach the earth.

磁化(magnetize)这些物质需要一个强磁场。

§4 .1 动词不定式~1、普通不定式

(1)主语

②“It+ 及物动词(take★, require, do, make)+ 宾语+ 不定式”

It requires a strong magnetic field to magnetize these substances.

§4 .1 动词不定式~1、普通不定式(1)主语

②“It+ 及物动词(take★, require, do, make)+ 宾语+ 不定式”

解这个方程花了我们两个小时。

§4 .1 动词不定式~1、普通不定式(1)主语

②“It+ 及物动词(take★, require, do, make)+ 宾语+ 不定式”

It took us two hours to solve this equation.

西安电子科技大学§4 .1 动词不定式~1、普通不定式

(1)主语

③“It+ 不及物动词(suffice, work, help, occur)+ 不定式”(不常见)

It suffices to give one example here.

§4 .1 动词不定式~1、普通不定式

(1)主语

④“It+ 被动语态(desire, leave, find, propose)[ + 主补等] + 不定式”

It is desired to solve the equation for the unknown(未知量).

It is left as a problem to show that these equations reduce to(简化成)Eq. (2–7)when the point lies on the x-axis.

§4 .1 动词不定式~1、普通不定式

(2)宾语:注意以下两点。

①不定式的被动形式作宾语的情况

These problems deserve to be further studied.

[= It is worth studying these problems further.]

§4 .1 动词不定式~1、普通不定式(2)宾语:注意以下两点。

②一个用形式宾语“it”的常用句型

“主→谓→it→宾补→不定式”

We find it very difficult to solve this problem.

We consider it necessary to make measurements with accuracy.

§

4 .1 动词不定式~1、普通不定式

特点:

(3)表语

ⅰ、主表概念相等

ⅱ、只能是主动形式的不定式

ⅲ、一般只能用“is ”,且可译成

“是”★[否则是一种将来时形式,译成“将;要;应该;会”]

§4 .1 动词不定式~1、普通不定式

(3)表语

The function of an antenna(天线)is to transmit or receive radio waves.

*** We are to discuss this point in the next chapter.

*** This component(元件)is to be chosen so that the transistor operates linearly(线性地).

§4 .1 动词不定式~1、普通不定式

(3)表语

*** Suppose that this milliammeter (毫安表)is to be used as an ammeter(安培表)with a full-scale deflection(满刻度偏转)of 2A.

*** Several points are to be noted(注意)in connection with the circuit.

§4 .1 动词不定式~1、普通不定式

(3)表语

*** Feedback control systems are to be found in almost every aspect of our daily environment.

§4 .1 动词不定式~1、普通不定式注:若在句子的主语部分有实意动词“do”的任何形式时,作表语的不定式的标志“to”可以省去。

What … do is (to)~

All that … do is (to)~

The best way to do is (to)~

The only thing we must do is (to)~

§4 .1 动词不定式~1、普通不定式注:若在句子的主语部分有实意动词“do”的任何形式时,作表语的不定式的标志“to”可以省去。

All we need to do is measure the voltage across this resistor.

What we can do is consider the input to be a sum of functions(函数).

§4 .1 动词不定式~1、普通不定式

(4)定语

①普通不定式作定语时,往往可表示“能够”或“将来”之意。

An ohmmeter is a device to measure resistance. [≈that can measure resistance] R is the resistance to be measured. [≈that will be measured]

§4 .1 动词不定式~1、普通不定式

(4)定语

②不定式作定语时与被定词之间存在以下四种逻辑关系:

A、主谓关系(可以是主动的,也可以是被动的,可扩展成定语从句,如上面两例)

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