专题07 虚拟语气(真题解析)-备考2021年高考英语语法分类讲解+十年真题解析

2021年高考英语真题和模拟题分项汇编专题02 动词的时态和语态及情态动词、虚拟语气一、2021年高考真题1. (2021年高考全国甲卷语法填空)The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It ___41___ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).…….We ___46___ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.【答案】41.was built 46.hired【解析】46.考查被动语态。

句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。

分析句子可知，空格处为谓语，动词build和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态(be done)，根据句意和时间状语the Tang dynasty可知，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，主语it为第三人称单数，主谓一致，故填was built。

47.考查时态。

句意：我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。

分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词，根据上下文可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。

故填hired。

2.(2021年高考全国甲卷短文改错) They kept very much to themselves. In my opinion, whenever in trouble, we should seek help from those we trust most.考查时态。

句意：他们很自闭。

结合前文可知，文章的时态用一般现在时。

所以此处的kept改为keep。

虚拟语气专题❝虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，也许与事实相反。

❝应用条件❝表示假想的虚假的与事实相反的或者难以实现的情况，用虚拟语气❝表示说话人主观愿望，建议或者某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。

❝表示主观愿望或者某种强烈情感的动词坚持命令建议要求(互动)一个坚持：insist两个命令：order, command三个建议：suggest, advise, propose四个要求：demand, require, ask, desire动笔记好记性不如烂笔头一动词后面的虚拟语气表示主观愿望，建议或者强烈情感用should do表示，其中should可以省略，也可以保留The teacher demanded that the students should finish the homework on time.The teacher demanded that the students finish the homework on time.They insisted that we should hold a meeting to solve the problem.The guide proposed that we should set out at once.He demanded that the problem( )right now.❝ A. was solved B. be solved❝ C. must be solved D. would be solved❝He demanded that the problem should be solved right now.❝He demanded that the problem be solved right now.❝考点should 可以省略❝Suggest 表明，暗示，说明不用虚拟语气❝Insist 坚持说，坚持认为，不用虚拟语气❝The guide gave us a suggestion that we should set out at once.❝The guide suggested that we should set out at once.Her pale face suggested that she ( ) ill, so her friends suggested that she ( ) a doctor.( go went gone with the wind)A was, should go to seeB should be, went to seeC was, went to seeD should be, go to seesuggest 不用虚拟语气表明，暗示，说明suggest 用虚拟语气建议❝Wish在动词wish后的从句中用虚拟语气，表示不可能实现的愿望。

考点13 情态动词和虚拟语气【命题解读】英语中常用的情态动词主要有can，could，may，might，must，will，would，shall，should，ought to，dare，need，used to，had better等。

在学习情态动词时应注意以下几点：同一情态动词表示不同的意义的情况；情态动词后跟各种形式的用法；尤其要注意＂情态动词+完成式＂是高考中的重点所在。

对虚拟语气的考查重点在于根据句子的语境灵活多样地运用虚拟语气，宾语从句中虚拟语气的应用，交际用语中为表示委婉而使用的虚拟语气，含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气，以及特殊句型中的虚拟语气等。

【命题预测】情态动词是2021年各地高考试题中的必考项目，每年高考单独命题区的单项填空必有一道考查情态动词的项目。

新课标卷主要在语法填空和短文改错中考查。

考点依次是：推测(可能性)→请求/允许→必要性→特殊用法。

试题的立意不偏不怪，但有效信息越来越隐蔽，语境越来越真实，考查角度越来越细致，这些因素在很大程度上增加了试题的难度。

情态动词和虚拟语气与动词的时态和语态相结合的考查是近年来高考的趋势。

【复习建议】情态动词：1. 掌握情态动词的基本用法；2. 掌握情态动词表达＂情感、态度、语气等＂方面的用法。

虚拟语气：1. 掌握虚拟语气的基本用法；2. 掌握含蓄虚拟条件句的用法；3. 掌握主从句时间不一致的虚拟条件句的用法；情态动词考向一情态动词的基本用法1）can，could与be able to1．表示能力，意为＂能，会＂。

☞Many people can use the computer.许多人会用电脑。

☞If you have a good sleep，you will be able to work out this problem.如果你好好睡一觉，你将能够解出这道题。

☞I could have worked out the problem，but I was too nervous.我本来可以解决这个问题，但我太紧张了。

2017年高考英语（深化复习+命题热点提分）专题07 情态动词和虚拟语气编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（2017年高考英语（深化复习+命题热点提分）专题07 情态动词和虚拟语气）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。

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专题07 情态动词和虚拟语气1．The school took the students' request into consideration that a party ________ be held to celebrate the victory。

A。

could B。

might C. would D。

should【答案】D2．－Mary, how did your Math test go？－I had thought I ________, but in fact I came in the top 10 in my class.A。

should have failedB。

couldn’t have failedC. might have failedD。

shouldn’t have failed【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词的用法。

句意：—-Mary，你的数学测试怎么样？-—我认为我可能失败了，但是实际上我在班里在前十名。

might have done sth。

表示对过去发生的事情的猜测或担心，意思是“或许会……”，而事实上不一定如此。

故选C.3．—I didn't know your telephone number in Paris； otherwise, I ________ you.-Oh, I would rather you ________ me.A。

专题15 情态动词和虚拟语气【2021年】1．（2021·天津卷）It used to be that you ___drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now there are houses and people everywhere.A．need B．should C．could D．must【2020年】1.（2020·天津卷）Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy .A. mustB. canC. needD. should2.（2020·江苏卷）If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I _____where I am.A. won’t beB. wouldn’t have beenC. wouldn’t beD. shouldn’t have been【2019年】1.【2019·江苏卷】What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________a good time together.A. hadB. will haveC. would have hadD. had had2.【2019·天津卷】The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________ the task in half the time.A. accomplishedB. had accomplishedC. would accomplishD. would have accomplished【2018年】1.【2018·江苏】It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission.A. wouldB. shouldC. couldD. might2.【2018·江苏】There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______ a second chance to become more involved.A. hadB. will haveC. would have hadD. have had3.【2018·天津】I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.A. should leaveB. must have leftC. might leaveD. could have left4.【2018·北京】In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company.A. needB. shouldC. canD. must5.【2018·北京】They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.A. droveB. would driveC. were to driveD. had driven6.【2018·天津】If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beachA. had caughtB. caughtC. have caughtD. would catch【2017年】1.【2017·北京卷】Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ______ easily reach the books on the top shelf.A. mustB. shouldC. canD. need2.【2017·北京卷】If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened.A. had been putB. were putC. should be putD. would be put3.【2017·江苏卷】_______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.A. It wereB. Were itC. It wasD. Was it4.【2017·天津卷】My room is a mess, but I __________clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.A. daren’tB. shouldn’tC. needn’tD. mustn’t5.【2017·天津卷】—Do you have Betty’s phone number?—Yes. Otherwise, I ______able to reach her yesterday.A. hadn’t beenB. wouldn’t have beenC. weren’tD. wouldn’t be【2016年】1.【2016·北京】I love the weekend, because I ________ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.A. needn’tB. mustn’tC. wouldn’tD. shouldn’t2.【2016·北京】Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you ________ me, I could have helped.A. toldB. had toldC. were to tellD. would tell3.【2016·江苏】If it for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.A.had not beenB.should not beC. were not to beD. should not have been4.【2016·天津】It was really annoying; I _____ get access to the data bank you had recommended.A. wouldn’tB. couldn’tC. shouldn’tD. needn’t5.【2016·天津】I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I ____.A. were injuredB. would be injuredC. had been injuredD. would have been injured6.【2016·浙江】Had the governments and scientists not worked together , AIDS-related deaths _______ since their highest in 2005.A. had not fallenB. would not fallC. did not fallD. would not have fallen【2015年】1.(2015﹒北京)—Can’t you stay a little longer?—It’s getting late. I really _____go now, My daughter is h ome alone.A .mayB .canC . mustD .dare2.(2015﹒北京) If I _____it with my own eyes ,I wouldn’t have believed it.A . didn’t see B. weren’t seeing C. wouldn’t see D. hadn’t seen3.(2015﹒重庆)Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway____ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.A.didn’t writeB. hadn’t writtenC. wouldn’t writeD. wouldn’t have written4.(2015﹒重庆)You ____ be Carol. You haven’t changed a bit after all these years.A. mustB. canC. willD. shall5.(2015﹒浙江)It was so noisy that we hear ourselves speak.A. couldn’tB. shouldn’tC. mustn’t D needn’t6.(2015﹒天津)I ______ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.A. m ightn’tB. mustn’tC. needn’tD. couldn’t7.(2015﹒天津)I wish I ______ at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.A. will beB. would beC. have beenD. had been8.(2015﹒四川)You _____be careful with the camera. It costs!A .must B. may C. can D. will9.(2015﹒陕西) You feel all the training a waste of time, but I’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it.A. shouldB. needC. shallD. may10.(2015﹒陕西)Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I as well as her.A. danceB. will danceC. had dancedD. danced11.(2015﹒福建)—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.—Oh, it's too bad. You ______ have made full preparations.A.mustB. canC. wouldD. Should12.(2015﹒江苏)It might have saved me some trouble ______ the schedule.A. did I knowB. have I knownC. do I knowD. had I known13.(2015﹒安徽)It is lucky we booked a room, or we ______nowhere to stay now.A. hadB. had hadC. would haveD. would have had【2014年】1.(2014﹒北京)________I have a word with you? It won't take long.A.CanB.MustC.ShallD.Should2.(2014﹒北京)We ________back in the hotel now if you didn't lose the map.A.areB.wereC.will beD.would be3.(2014﹒全国大纲卷)Although you ________ find bargains in London, it's not generally a cheap place to shop.A. shouldB. needC. mustD. can4.(2014﹒福建)________no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.A.Were thereB.Had there beenC.If there areD.If there have been5.(2014﹒湖南)If Mr Dewey ________ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.A. wereB. had beenC. should beD. was6.(2014﹒湖南)—I've prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.—Do you mean we ________ bring anything with us?A. can'tB. mustn'tC. shan'tD. needn't7.(2014﹒江苏)It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, ________ bring me food.A.mightB.wouldC.shouldD.could8.(2014﹒江西)Life is unpredictable; even the poorest ________ become the richest.A. shallB. mustC.needD. might9.(2014﹒陕西)We would rather our daughter ________ at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.A. would stayB. has stayedC. stayedD. stay10.(2014﹒四川)I still remember my happy childhood when my mother ________ take me to Disneyland at weekends.A. mightB. mustC. wouldD. should11.(2014﹒天津)________ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.A. Did he catchB. Should he catchC. Has he caughtD. Had he caught12.(2014﹒浙江)They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they ________ to our help.A.would have comeB.could comeC.have comeD.had come13.(2014﹒重庆)I've ordered some pizza, so we ________ worry about cooking when we get home tired.A. can'tB. dare notC. needn'tD. may not14.(2014﹒重庆)It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I _____it?A. had doneB. have doneC. didD. am doing15.(2014﹒安徽)People are recycling many things which they ________ away in the past!A.had thrownB.will be throwingC.were throwingD.would have thrown【2013年】1.(2013﹒北京)If we ______ a table earlier, we couldn’t be sta nding here in a queue.A. have bookedB. bookedC. bookD. had booked2.(2013﹒福建)—Do you think George has passed the driving test?—No. If so, he _____his car to our college yesterday.A. would driveB. droveC. would have drivenD. had driven3.(2013﹒江苏)I should not have laughed if I ______ you were serious.A. thoughtB. would thinkC. had thoughtD. have thought4.(2013﹒陕西)My mom suggests that we ______ eat out for a change this weekend.A. shouldB. mightC. couldD. would5.(2013﹒天津)If he had spent more time practicing English before, he ______ able to speak it much better nowA. will beB. would be C has been D. would have been6.(2013﹒浙江)Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exa m _____ at the age of six months old.A. wasB. beC. wereD. is7.(2013﹒重庆)— It rained cats and dogs this morning. I'm glad we took an umbrella.— Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we ______.A. hadn'tB. haven'tC. didn'tD. don't8.(2013﹒陕西)The children ______ lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.A. must have gotB. must getC. should have gotD. should get9.(2013﹒新课标卷II)Since nobody gave him any help, he ______ have done the research on his own.A. canB. mustC. wouldD. need10.(2013﹒江西)When I was a child, I ______ watch TV whenever I wanted to.A. shouldB. couldC. mustD. need11.(2013﹒辽宁)Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He ______ too much at the party last night.A. could drinkB. should drinkC. would haveD. must have drunk12.(2013﹒四川)—Why are your eyes so red? You _______ have slept well last night.—Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report.A. can’tB. mustn’tC. needn’tD. won’t13.(2013﹒天津)No one ______ be more generous; he has a heart of gold.A. couldB. mustC. dareD. need14.(2013﹒安徽)It ______ be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.A. mayB. couldn’tC. shouldD. needn’t15.(2013﹒北京)--- You needn’t take an umbrella. It isn’t going to rain.--- Well, I don’t know. It ______ do.A. mightB. needC. wouldD. should16.(2013﹒湖南)He ________ sleep, although he tried to when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it.A.wouldn'tB.shouldn'tC.couldn'tD.mustn't17.(2013﹒新课标卷I)The door ________ open, no matter how hard she pushed.A. shouldn’tB. couldn’tC. wouldn’tD. mightn’t18.(2013﹒浙江)I ______ myself more ---- it was a perfect day.A. shouldn’t have enjoyedB. needn’t have enjoyedC. wouldn’t have enjoyedD. couldn’t have enjoyed19.(2013﹒重庆)— What are you doing this Saturday?— I'm not sure, but I ______ go to the Rolling Stones concertA. mustB. wouldC. shouldD. might20.(2013﹒安徽)I ______ to my cousin’s birthday party last night, but I was not availableA. wentB. had goneC. would goD. would have gone【2012年】1.(2012﹒北京)We ______ the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me?A. should faceB. might faceC. could have facedD. must have faced2.(2012﹒北京)Don’t handle the vase as if it ____ made of steel.A. isB. wereC. has beenD. had been3.(2012﹒全国卷II)I’m going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _______ find the money.A. canB. mightC. wouldD. need4.(2012﹒全国新课程)I use a clock to wake me up because at six o'clock each morning the traincomes by my house.A. couldn'tB. mustn'tC. shouldn'tD. needn't5.(2012﹒山东)If we _______ adequate preparations, the con ference wouldn’t have been so successful.A. haven’t madeB. wouldn’t makeC. didn’t makeD. hadn’t made6.(2012﹒福建)We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we________ more places of interest yesterday.A. visitedB. had visitedC. would visitD. would have visited7.(2012﹒江苏)— Happy birthday!—Thank you! It’s the best present I for.A. should have wishedB. must have wishedC. may have wishedD. could have wished8.(2012﹒江苏)Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but say where he was.A. mustn'tB. shouldn'tC. wouldn'tD. mightn't9.(2012﹒安徽)Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she there, she wouldn't be able to see her parents very often.A. livesB. would liveC. having askedD. Were to live10.(2012﹒陕西)I______ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.A. won’tB. can’tC. canD. will11.(2012﹒湖南)Sorry, I am too busy now. If I ____ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.A. have hadB. had hadC. haveD. had12.(2012﹒重庆)-____you interrupt now? Can’t you see I’m on the phone?-Sorry Sir, but it’s urgent.A. CanB. ShouldC. MustD. Would13.(2012﹒辽宁)One of our rules is that every student wear school uniform while at school.A. mightB. couldC. shallD. will14.(2012﹒四川)I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao ” just as I ____ do in China.A. mustB. mightC. canD. should15.(2012﹒陕西)If may car _________more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.A. wasB. had beenC. should beD. would be。

MODULE 5第三课时虚假语气讲解一、语气的分类语气 (mood)是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的企图或态度。

英语中的语气有三种：陈说语气、祈使语气和虚假语气。

(1)陈说语气 (indicative mood),表示所说的话是事实。

(2)祈使语气 (imperative mood),表示所说的话是央求或命令。

(3)虚假语气 (subjunctive mood),表示说的话不是事实，也许是不可以能发生的状况，而是一种梦想、建议或与事实相反的假设等。

二、虚假语气在条件句中的应用学习虚假语气在条件句中的用法以前我们必然清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句 (或称虚假条件句 )两种。

真实条件句所表示的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的从句与主句都用陈说语气。

比方： If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic.虚假条件句所表示的假设则是不可以能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的从句与主句皆须用虚假语气。

与此刻事实相反的假设与过去事实相反的假设与未来事实相反的假设从句主句If+ 主语 +动词过去式（ be 的过去主语 +should /would/might/could 式用 were）动词原形If+ 主语 +had+过去分词主语 + should /would/might/could+ have ＋过去分词①If+ 主语 +动词过去式（ be 的过去式用 were）；主语 + should /would/might/could②should＋动词原形；+动词原形③were to＋动词原形1.与此刻事实相反的虚假条件句的例句：(1)If I had HIV, I would know because I would feel sick.(2)If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug.2.与过去事实相反的虚假条件句的例句：(3)If I had taken your advice, I wouldn’ t have made a mistake.(4)If he had been there, it wouldn happened’thave.3.与未来事实可能相反的虚假条件句的例句：(5) If it should rain tomorrow, they wouldn’ t go for an outing.(6)I think we could do it, if we planned it properly and could borrowthe tools.(7)If we were to have three days off, we would enjoy a very happy life.三、 if 虚假条件句型注意点：(1)错综时间条件句当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句所表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为“错综时间条件句” ，主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。

五年（2017-2021）高考英语真题分项汇编（浙江专用）语法填空1.（2021年6月，浙江高考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, 56 （prove）irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. Beautifully restored（修复）to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln's home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it 57 $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their 58 （marry）ceremony in 1842.When the house was built, it was much 59 （small）than it is today. Mary's niece wrote, "The little home 60 （paint）white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of 61 （she）, everything in good taste and in perfect order.Although Mary loved flowers, 62 she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long- time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over 63 （plant）flowers in the front yard.64 Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and 65 （sell）most of their furniture.答案与解析：56. has proved/has proven 考查动词的时态。