汉英翻译第8讲调整谓语（动词）——美感再造
开讲引言
1看门人惊呆了，喘着气，摇摇晃晃地走下楼梯。
Translation:
（1）The janitor was so surprised that he turned to be foolish, gasped and went down the stairway unsteadily.
（2）The janitor staggers down the stairway, stunned and gasping
2他到了家，发现父亲已经走了
He arrived the home, only to find that
his father has gone.(only to do表意想不到的结果）
3他坐在沙发上听音乐
He sat on the sofa, listening to music （伴随状语)
4这个穷人去世了，没有给他儿子留下任何东西
The poor man died, not having left anything for his son动名词）
1）阿德莱德（Adelaide）属地中海型气候。Adelaide enjoys a
Mediterranean climate.
2）九寨沟风光，却又是另一番景象了。
Jiuzhaigou presents another view. 3）南京有层出不穷的风流人物和彪炳千秋的不朽业绩。Nanjing has
witnessed the continuous emergence
of many distinguished talents and
noble hearts as well as monumental
achievements.
4）这面铜镜与普通铜镜一样，背面有
图案，还有铭文。Like ordinary
bronze mirrors it bears patterns
and inscriptions on the back.
5）寺前有一溶洞，寺后有一石碑。 A karst cave lies before it, and a stone
tablet was erected behind.
6）北海公园的总面积共有68.2公顷。
Beihai( North Lake) Park covers an
area of 68.2 hectares.
7）热腾腾的晚餐已摆好在桌上。Hot meals were served on the dinner
table. 如译成：hot meals were put
on the dinner table 就显得过于呆
板。而serve 和meals 联用最符合
英语的宾搭配习惯。
8）冬天如果你怕冷的话，可以到昆明来居住。不能译成“fear, be afraid
of”。? If you dislike the cold in
winter, you can live in Kunming. 9）花坛北面有一株腊梅花，南端是一丛南天竹。? A winter plum stood
on the northern end of the terrace,
and a nandina erected on the
southern end. ? 译文运用“化静为
动”的手法，将原文中“有”、“是”等
静态动词翻译成stand 和erect
等动态动词，使译文更加生动活泼。
宾搭配习惯。
10）他咳着从祖父的房间里慢慢走出来。Coughing, he strolled out of the
room of Grandpa.
11）妻在屋里拍着闰儿，迷迷糊糊哼着眠歌。In the room, my wife was
patting the son, Run-er, sleepily
humming a cradle song.
12）王夫人提了暖壶下席来。
13）（《红楼梦》）Lady Wang rose from her seat, with the wine pot in her
hand.
14）我悄悄地披上了大衫，带上门出去了。三个并列谓语，也是时间先后
关系。在翻译时可将“出去”作为主
要动词，其他两个动词可处理成分
词短语。Putting on an overcoat, I
made my way out, closing the door
behind me.
15）后来，青蛇精在深山中修炼，习武多年，终于砸烂了那座塔，救出白
蛇精。For many years afterwards,
the Blue Snake Spirit hid in deep
mountains and trained herself in
martial arts and various
supernatural powers. Eventually,
she rescued the White Snake Spirit
by smashing the tower.
课堂练习
比较汉语句子和英语译文句子，看谓语的处理
1、你最好打个电话跟他约个时间见面谈
谈。You’d better fix an appointment with him over the phone to meet for a talk.
2、一到星期天，他就蒙头大睡打发光阴。On Sundays he always whiles away his time by tucking himself up in bed, sleeping like a log.
3、我们听到这个喜讯，都高兴地跳了起来。Hearing the good news, we all jumped with joy.
4、看门人惊呆了，喘着粗气摇摇晃晃地走下楼梯。The janitor staggered down the stairway, stunned and gasping.
5、他已经请了假，坐火车回老家探亲去了。He asked for leave to go home by train to see his family.
6、他说完拔剑准备刺虎。Having said this, he drew his sword, getting ready to stab the tiger.
课堂讨论
比较汉语句子和英语译文，注意谓语的表意的准确性
1) 中央政府不干预香港特别行政区的事务。 a. The Central Government has refrained from intervening in the affairs of the HKSAR. b. The Central Government has never intervened in the affairs of the HKSAR.
2) 中国的经济将融入世界经济的大潮。
a. The economy of China will merge into the tide of the world economy.
b. The economy of China will converge with that of the world economy.
3) 这事到了现在，还是时时记起。 a. Even now, this remains fresh in my memory. b. Even now, I still often think about it.
4) 世纪之交，中国外交空前活跃。 a.
The turn of the century finds China most active on the diplomatic arena. b. At the turn of the century, China is very active in its diplomatic activities.
5) 在同新闻界谈话的时候，上海人使用越来越多的最高级形容词。 a. When they talk to press, the Shanghai citizens use more and more adjectives of the superlative degree. b. You can hear Shanghai people using more and more adjectives of the superlative degree when they talk to the press.
6) 我又闲了一个多月了啦！a. I’ve been idle for another month now. b. Another month now and I’ve had no work.
7) （颐和园）1900 年遭八国联军破坏。a. The palace was reduced to ruins by the allied forces of the eight foreign powers. b. The palace suffered ravage in the hands of the allied forces of the eight foreign powers.
8) 她们逐渐地镇定下来，有了自信。 a.
They gradually calmed down, restored self-confidence. b. Gradually, they calmed down and regained self-confidence.
9) 封建社会代替奴隶社会，资本主义代替封建主义，社会主义经历一个过程发展后必然代替资本主义。Feudal society replaced slavery society, capitalism supplanted feudalism, and, after a long time, socialism will necessarily supercede capitalism.
10) （一个世纪以来，中国人民在前进道路上经历了三次历史性的巨大变化……）第一次是辛亥革命，……第二次是中华人民共和国的成立，……第三次是改革开放…… The first change was represented by the Revolution of 1911…The second change was marked bby the founding of the People’s Republic of China…The third change was featured by the reform, opening-up policy…
谓语确定应该基于构
句（语法）的需要，判断其中的错误。
1) 农业搞好了，农民能自给，五亿人口就稳定了。a. If agriculture is in good shape and the peasants self-supporting, then the 500 million people will feel secure. b. If agriculture is in good shape and the peasants are self-supporting, then the 500 million people will feel secure.
2) 关于如何改进市民的居住条件问题市政府给予了充分重视。 a. Full attention has been paid by the municipal government to the improvement of the housing conditions of the urban inhabitants. b. The municipal government has paid full attention to the housing conditions of the urban inhabitants. （The book was given by me to the student.）
3）脍炙人口的传统京剧《白蛇传》讲的
是源自明朝的故事。The White Snake, one of the most popular traditional Peking operas, is based on a story handed down from the Ming Dynasty.
4）意大利著名旅游家马可·波罗曾这样叙述他印象中的杭州：“这是世界上最美妙迷人的城市，它使人觉得自己是在天堂。” The famous Italian traveler Marco Polo was so impressed by the beauty of Hangzhou that he described it as “the most fascinating city in the world, where one feels as if he was in paradise.”
6）英雄造时势，时势造英雄。Heroes create the times, the times produce their heroes.
7）四川被称为“天府之国”。Sichuan is noted as the “Land of Abundance”.
讨论分析下面句子的翻译
8)本文的目的在于讨论元件材料和元件技术的新发展。
This article aims at discussing new developments in component material and techniques．
9)方向舵的用途是使飞机能够左右偏航。
The rudder serves the purpose of yawing the air．plane to the right or left．
10)气体和固体的区别，在于前者比后者有更大的压缩性。
Gases differ from solids in that the former have greater compressibility than the latter．
11)温度计的刻度读数是摄氏度数。
The scale of the thermometer is read in degrees Celsius．
12)原油里各种碳氢化合物的沸点不同。
The different hydrocarbons in crude oil boil at different temperature
翻译练习
本来，生命只有一次，对于谁都是宝贵的。但是，假使他的生命溶化在大众的事业里面，假使他天天在为这世界干事业是不死的，他会领略到“永久的年轻”的感觉。而“浮生如梦”的人，从这个世界拿去的很多，而给这世界的却很少——他总有一天会觉得疲乏得快要死亡：他连拿都没有力量了。衰老和无能的悲哀，像铅一样沉重，压在他的心头。青春是多么短啊。
?During the meeting,hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him 他一开始说话，就被听众打断了 ?surrounded by the police, the kidnappers had no choices but to surrender on the spot (没有选择，只能投降) 若是everything 等则不加 to ?The concerned mother thrilled at the news of his son's having been admi tted to the university(她的儿子被大学入取了) ?The lecture was so boring that the students couldn't help yawning(学生忍不住打起哈欠) ?I‘ll be very grateful if you could be kind enough to give me a ride to school (好心载我一程去学校) ?(除非你和保险公司签订了货物保险合同)Unless you sign a contract with the insu rance company for your goods, you are not entitled to a repayment for the goods damaged in delivery. ?It is reported that local health organization was established 25 years ago(据说当地的卫生组织25年前就成立了)when Dr.Mark became its first president. ?Mrs.Smith shut the window lest 以免 the noise outside (should) interfere with h er son's sleep(外面的噪声会影响她儿子睡觉)虚拟语气 ?The new mayor was charged with failure to fulfill his promise to decrease the inflation rate(未能履行他降低通货膨胀率的承诺) ?When confronted with such question, my mind goes blank(每当我遇到这类问题，我脑袋一篇空白)，and I can hardly remember my won date of birth. ?The customer complained that no sooner had he started the computer than it sto pped working(他刚启动计算机，它就不运转了) ?What upset me was not what he said but the way he said it.(不是他说的话，二十他说话的方式) ?This piece of writing is more like a news report than a short story.(与其说是短篇小说，还不如说是新闻报道) ?The court ruling deprive him of his political right.(剥夺他的政治权力) ?Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, while animal behavior depen ds mostly on instinct.(然而动物的行为主要依靠本能)。
论英汉翻译中的视角转换 1.引言 语言是文化的载体，体现人类的思维活动。不同的文化对语言风格和表达方式产生了极大的影响，使得语言中的视角存在一定的差异，因此在翻译时，译者要挣脱原语文化的传统思维模式，使原语所传达的信息，所体现的风格一并能被读者完全体会。这就要求译者在了解语言文化背景及视角差异的基础上，在翻译过程中进行视角转换。 2.文献回顾 在研究翻译的视角转换这个领域已有不少学者涉及，研究成果也颇丰富。如刘保华在“英汉翻译技巧：视角转换”中介绍了主要的视角转换法；邵卫平在他的“英汉视角对比及翻译中的视角转换”也对如何进行视角转换进行了相关阐述；张小珊在“中英文翻译视角转换浅议”中提出了自己的观点。当然还有很多专家学者对这一论题进行了探讨，在这暂不一一列举。本文准备从英汉翻译视角转换的重要性和视角转换的方法入手，就这个论题谈谈我的观点。 3.英汉翻译中的视角转换 翻译在很大程度上不仅是语言的交流，更是文化之间的交流。由于英、汉语在产生的背景、经历的历史上有很大的不同，许多文化的观察视角也就有了很大区别。请看如下一例： What we lose in hake we shall have in herring. (失之东隅，收之桑榆。) 在此例中原句用了hake（鳕鱼）和herring（鲱鱼）两种鱼来表示，因为历史上西方人以航海捕鱼闻名，各种鱼类对他们而言是非常必需的，从中就可以看出西方人的生活习惯。但如果直译成“我们从鳕鱼中失去的将会从鲱鱼中得到”，中国读者就不明其意了。如果换成中国人熟悉的“东隅”“桑榆”两个词，就能达到意义上的对等，中国读者便能很清楚地了解这句话所传达的意思。 3.1翻译中视角转换的必要性 译者在翻译过程中自始至终都在考虑如何将原语传递到译语中，而在信息传递的过程中，转换是必不可少的。刘宓庆先生说：“转换是翻译中用得最广泛的变通手段。在一般情况下，转换是获得灵活对应的不可少的应变对策，而失去形式则常常是转换带来的必然结果。”但不同文化间的差异会导致人们按照自身文化思维习惯去解读另一种文化，因而在翻译中因为被传统思维方式所束缚，对原语逐词翻译而无法找到合适的译文。比如，许多人将英语习语“a heart as hard as flint”理解为“心如坚石”来表示意志坚定，而实际上此习语是“铁石心肠”的意思，形容冷酷无情，两者含义相差甚远。有不少人会把“望子成龙”译成“to expect one’s son to be a dragon”，这是不可取的，因为龙在西方文化中象征着凶残、暴力。正确的译文是“to expect one’s son to be somebody”。 由上可见若囿于原语的视角就难以找到合适的切入点，难以找到地道的表达方式。相反，若将视角适当转换，问题便迎刃而解。由此可见视角转换的必要性。 3.2英汉翻译中视角转换的方法 3.2.1词序的调整 英语表达式中一些修饰成分和词语有其一定的顺序，且不同于汉语表达式中的顺序。因此在翻译时要注意成分顺序的调整，以符合译入语的语序习惯。如： (1).an outstanding contemporary American writer (一位美国现代优秀作家) (2).Mary’s pretty new black leather bag (玛丽漂亮的黑色新皮包)
英语知识 在汉英翻译中可进行各种词类的转换,例如：汉语动词转换成英语名词、形容词、介词；汉语形容词或副词转换成英语名词；汉语名词转换成英语动词等等。其中，汉语动词转换成英语抽象名词尤为普遍。高校常用的翻译教材，如张培基、吕瑞昌、冯庆华等编撰的翻译教材均将这种转换列在第一位。请看以下各例： 例1．中国政府承诺不对无核国家使用核武器。 如不注意词性转换，译文可能是： The Chinese government undertakes not to use (that it will not use) nuclear weapons against non-nuclear countries. 这种译文显得有些口语化，不够庄重。不如改用抽象名词non-use: The Chinese government undertakes non-use of nuclear weapons against non-nuclear countries. 例2．禁止任何叛国、分裂国家、煽动叛乱及窃取国家机密的行为。 译文一：To prohibit any act of treason, acts to split the country, incite rebellion and steal secrets. 译文二：To prohibit any act of treason, secession, sedition and theft of state secrets. 以上译文一使用split , incite, steal 等动词虽然语义正确，但似乎不够庄重。译文二使用抽象名词，因而显得文字严谨，适合正式法律条文的风格。 例3．技术引进合同应当订明下列事项：引进技术的保密义务，改进技术的归属和分享。 译文一：Provisions on the obligation to keep confidential the
（英语）高考英语翻译易错剖析含解析 一、高中英语翻译 1．高中英语翻译题：Translation: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．究竟是什么激发小王学习电子工程的积极性？(motivate) 2．网上支付方便了客户，但是牺牲了他们的隐私。(at the cost of) 3．让我的父母非常满意的是，从这个公寓的餐厅可以俯视街对面的世纪公园，从起居室也可以。(so) 4．博物馆疏于管理，展品积灰，门厅冷落，急需改善。(whose) 【答案】 1．What on earth has motivated Xiao Wang’s enthusiasm/ initiative to major in electronic engineering? 2．Online payment brings convenience to consumers at the cost of their privacy. 3．To my parents’ satisfaction, the dining room of this apartment overlooks the Century Park opposite the street and so it is with the sitting room. 或者What makes my parents really satisfy is that they can see the Century Park from the dining room of this apartment, so can they from the living room. 4．This museum is not well managed, whose exhibits are covered with dust, and there are few visitors, so everything is badly in need of improvement. 或The museum whose management is reckless, whose exhibits are piled with dust and whose lobby is deserted, requires immediate improvement. 【解析】 1．motivate sb to do sth 激发某人做某事，on earth究竟，major in 以…为专业，enthusiasm/ initiative热情/积极性，故翻译为What on earth has motivated Xiao Wang’s enthusiasm/ initiative to major in electronic engineering? 2．online payment网上支付，brings convenience to给…带来方便，at the cost of以…为代价，privacy隐私，故翻译为Online payment brings convenience to consumers at the cost of their privacy. 3．To my parents’ satisfaction令我父母满意的是，后者也那样so it is with。也可以用主语从句What makes my parents really satisfy 表语从句thatthey can see the Century Park from the dining room of this apartment。overlooks俯视，opposite the street街对面，living room 起居室。故翻译为To my parents’ satisfaction, the dining room of this apartment overlooks the Century Park opposite the street and so it is with the sitting room.或者What makes my parents really satisfy is that they can see the Century Park from the dining room of this apartment, so can they from the living room. 4．not well managed/ management is reckless疏于管理，be covered with dust/ be piled with dust被灰尘覆盖，few visitors游客稀少，be badly in need of improvement/ requires immediate improvement亟需改善。故翻译为his museum is not well managed, whose exhibits
汉英翻译技巧 第一节汉语无主语句的英译处理 一、祈使句对应为祈使句 e.g. 小心轻放。Handle with care. 量体裁衣，看菜吃饭。Fit the dress to the figure and fit the appetite to the dishes. 宁为鸡首，不为牛后。Better be the head of an ass than the tail of a horse. 二、采用英语的被动结构译出 采用英语被动结构翻译的汉语无主语句一般的情况：一是某些表示事物存在的无主语句；二是有些句子突出宾语部分，在翻译时可以不用补出主
语而用原句中的宾语来充当主语。e.g. 这儿将修建更多的居民大楼。More apartments will be built here. 利用发电机，可以将机械能转变为电能。 The mechanical energy can be changed back into electrical energy by a generator. 在合同中，详细地规定了双方必须履行的各种条件。 In the contract, all kinds of conditions which both sides should follow were laid down in detail. 没有爱心，就无法了解人生。 Life cannot be understood without much charity. 三、采用倒装语序
e. g. 地下埋藏着大量的金银。Hidden underground is a wealth of gold and silver. 随着一声吼叫，忽的从树林里窜出一只老虎来。 Following the roar, out rushed a tiger from among the bushes. 山里住着个老和尚。 In the mountain lived on an old monk. 四、采用THERE BE 结构 例句：没有顺利，无所谓困难；没有困难，也无所谓顺利。 Without facility, there would be no difficulty; without difficulty, there would also be no facility. 剩下的时间不多了。
第五部分 翻译中视角的转换 教学目的：使学生很好地了解并掌握翻译中的转换技巧。 教学要点：各种转换技巧，包括词性转换、语态转换、肯定否定转换、虚实转换。 教学难点：中英文差异，转换技巧。 教学方法：任务型教学、合作学习教学。 教学设备：网络多媒体课室 教学情境：英语电影/电视字幕的翻译 时间分配： 第1-2节：翻译中词性的转换 第3-4节：翻译中的肯定否定转换 第5-6节：翻译中的主被动转换及虚实转换 翻译中词性的转换 什么是词性转换？ 在翻译中，将原文中的某一词类转换为译文的另一词类，如在英译汉中，将英语的名词译成汉语的动词，英语的形容词译成汉语的副词等等，这就叫做词性转换。 为什么要采取词性转换？ 采用词性转换方法的根源在于中英文语言的巨大差异。中英文在各种性质词汇的使用上差别很大，比方英语倾向名词化，而汉语倾向动词化。英语中对冠词的使用很严格，而中文则少用冠词。种种差异决定了，在翻译的过程中，译者要把握中英文的特点，恰当地进行词性转换。 如何进行词性转换？ 1. 汉语动词转化为英语名词 英语中名词结构占绝对优势，因此常用名词来表示汉语中的动词。英语有词形变化，这大大丰富了英语的名词，有些动词只要在后面加上后缀就变成名词了。汉译英时如果能适当地把动词转换为名词，则能使译文更自然，更凝练。 医生建议我多锻炼一些。 译文：The doctor gave me some advice of doing more exercise． 操作机器需要懂得机器的一些性能。 译文：The operation of a machine needs some knowledge of its function． 一定要少说空话，多做工作。 译文：There must be less empty talk and more hard work．
【英语】高考英语翻译试题经典及解析 一、高中英语翻译 1．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．美食是人们造访上海的乐趣之一。（visit） 2．街头艺术家运用创意将鲜艳明亮的色彩带进了老社区。（bring） 3．在你生命中，如果有一个人你需要对他说对不起，那么就去向他道歉吧。（apology）4．这个游戏的独特之处在于它让孩子学会如何应对现实生活中的问题。（what） 5．申请材料需要精心准备，这样你心仪的学校才会对你的能力有全面、准确地了解。（in order that） 【答案】 1．Delicious food is one of the pleasures when people visit Shanghai. 2．Street artists bring bright and vivid colors into older neighborhoods with originality 3．If there is someone to whom you need say sorry in your life, make an apology to him. 4．What makes this game peculiar lies in that it teaches kids how to handle the problems in real life. 5．The applications should be carefully prepared in order that the school you like can have an overall and accurate knowledge of your abilities. 【解析】 【分析】 1．本句重点考察两个知识点。一个是乐趣之一，说明此处的乐趣应该用复数，必须是可数名词，因此选择pleasure。另一个是题目中给出的visit，需要谨慎处理，是用做动词还是名词。此处我们给出一个时间状语从句when people visit Shanghai，同时还可使用其他从句进行处理。所以答案是Delicious food is one of the pleasures when people visit Shanghai. 2．本题难度不大，重点是明亮的色彩的表达，可以使用bright colors, 也可以使用bright and vivid colors. 所以答案是Street artists bring bright and vivid colors into older neighborhoods with originality 3．本题考查there be + 定语从句从而构成条件状语从句。另外考察“道歉”用“make apology to sb.”。所以答案是If there is someone to whom you need say sorry in your life, make an apology to him. 4．本题考察what引导的主语从句，以及“be peculiar to”的用法。所以答案是What makes this game peculiar lies in that it teaches kids how to handle the problems in real life. 5．本题主要考固定词组的掌握，为了使用in order that引导出的目的状语从句。另外也考查 preferred school，have…knowledge/ understanding of…，overall，accurate等。所以答案是The applications should be carefully prepared in order that the school you like can have an overall and accurate knowledge of your abilities. 【考点定位】翻译句子
汉英翻译中的句子结构处理
汉英翻译中的句子结构处理： 翻译一个具体句子时，首先必须解决句子结构的问题。在很多情况下，将汉语原文的句子结构不加改变或稍加改变就移植到英译文中去，是完全可能的；但在不少的情况下，则必须改变原文的句子结构。例如原文的句子很长或由于其他原因，译成英语时就须把它拆开，译成几个句子。如原文是两个或两个以上的句子，但其间的逻辑关系非常紧密，或由于英语本身的原因，又须将它们译为一句。此外，如为了句子的连贯，为了强调或不强调句子的某一部分；为了传达原文句子的语气，或是由于汉语句子比较特殊（如汉语多无主语句），或是由于英语本身的特点（如被动结构较多）等等，我们都必须改变原文的结构。改变原文句子结构的方法很多，现将常用的几种列举如下。 一、拆句 将原文中的一个句子拆开，译成两个或两个以上的句子，称为拆句翻译法。 1、时候既然是深冬，渐近故乡时，天气又阴晦了，冷风吹进般舱中，呜呜的响。（鲁迅《故乡》） It was late winter. As we drew near my former home the day became overcast and a cold wind blew into the cabin of our boat.
三、改变句子结构 将汉语的句子译成英语时，由于两种语言的句子结构不同，或由于两种语言的习惯表达法不同，或由于上下班下文和其他原因，往往需要改变原文的句子结构。句子结构的改变情况多样而又复杂，现举出以下实例说明一部分情况，读者可以“举一反三”，靠自己从实践中去更深地体会。 1、分句译为短语 1）中国昂首挺立于世界之林，越来越成为任何人都不能忽视的巨大力量。 Standing firm and proud among the nations of the world, China has become an ever stronger force which no one can ignore. 2）中日两国是近邻，只隔一衣带水。 China and Japan are close neighbours separated by just a strip of water.（省去主语的分句译为分词短语） 2、复句中的第一个分句的谓语部分译为短语；在这种情况下，第二个分句的主语和第一个分句的主语相同，故第二分句的主语常被省去不译。 1）某些居心叵测的政客们只知道挖空心思为“西藏独立”制造理论依据，却没有想到使他们自己陷入自相矛盾的境地。 Some ill-intentioned politicians, racking their
Unit 12 翻译中视角的转移 课时： 2H 教学目的要求： 认识并初步理解汉英翻译技巧中的正说反说技巧，并在实践中加以运用。 教学重点： 汉英翻译中的正说技巧，并能够根据提示灵活运用该技巧进行翻译，重点掌握表示正说常用的词汇。 教学难点： 如何使译文准确、地道。 教学内容： ◆Things could be expressed either in a positive way or in a negative way. ◆One of the biggest differences between Chinese and English. ?Warm-up practice: 1.今天的中东还很不安宁。 The Middle East today is far from peace. （反说正译） 2.他的解释不能让人满意。 His explanation is far from satisfactory. （反说正译） 试比较：His explanation is really not satisfactory. 3.黄鼠狼给鸡拜年，不安好心。 The weasel pays a courtesy to the hen with evil intent. (反说正译) 试比较：The weasel goes to pay respects to the hen not with the best of intentions. 4.我认为他的回答不对。 I don’t think his answer is correct. (正说反译法)/(反说正译) （注意句子结构 前后的对比） 5.天都这么晚了，我看她不会来啦。 It is so late; I don’t think she will come. (正说反译法)/ (反说正译) （注意前 后结构的对比） ?正说法（用英语形式上肯定的词表示中文意义上否定的意思） 表否定语气的动词fail, miss, lack, ignore, refuse, withhold, refrain from, neglect, deny, overlook, exclude etc. 1.他不愿意接受那笔款子。 He refused to take the money. 2.他去机场接朋友，可是在人群中未见到他。 He went to the airport to pick his friend up, but he missed him in the crowd. 3.他看了看桌上的点心，摇了摇头，一点也不吃。 He ran his eyes over the refreshments on the table but shook his head and refused to touch anything. 表否定语气的名词：absence, failure, refusal, ignorance, neglect, exclusion etc. 1. 司机开车时，千万不能心不在焉。 A d river’s absence of mind is absolutely forbidden. 2. 我们完全不知道他的计划。
福师2014春《英汉互译》课程练习题解析 一、句子翻译: （一）、英译汉 1. Vehicles steering in the conventional manner lacked the rapid response, short turning radius, and ease of handling. 解析：本题考点是车辆相关知识的翻译。 传统的车辆转向构件反应迟钝、转弯半径大,操作不便 2. Each patient is an individual with different needs, depending on his or her special illness or condition. 解析：本题考点是车辆相关知识的翻译。 根据他或她各自的不同疾病或情况,每个病人都是有不同需要的个体。 3. A sketch serves to express one’s idea graphically. 解析：本题考点是车辆相关知识的翻译。 草图的作用就是把人们的想法用图表示出来。.. 4.Distance learning is a formal educational process that breaks the traditional mode of classroom teaching. 解析：本题考点是下定义句子的翻译。 远程学习是一种突破了传统的教室教学模式的正规的教育方法..
5.If you confer a benefit, never remember it, if you receive one, remember it always. 解析：本题考点是if条件句的翻译。 施恩勿记,受恩勿忘。 6.Mr.Lin was and still is my teacher. 解析：本题考点是系动词+表语结构的翻译。 林先生过去是现在仍然是我的教师。 7.I had never thought I’d be happy to find myself considered unimportant. But this time I was. 解析：本题考点是宾语从句的翻译。 我从来没有认为自己被认为是无关紧要的是件很高兴的事情。但这一次我是。 8. It has been a long time since man began to make use of information. 解析：本题考点是现在完成时的翻译。 人开始利用信息已经很久了 9. There are two key differences between traditional education and distance learning. Distance learning adds flexibility and availability, regardless of time, place, or pace of learning. 解析：本题考点是there be句型的翻译。
The weight men carry 男人背负的重担 1 When I was a boy growing up off the grid in the Commonwealth of Virginia, the men I knew labored with their bodies from the first rooster crow in the morning to sundown. They were marginal farmers, shepherds, just scraping by, or welders, steelworkers, carpenters; they built cabinets, dug ditches, mined coal, or drove trucks, their forearms thick with muscle. They trained horses, stocked furnaces, made tires, stood on assembly lines, welding parts onto refrigerators or lubricating car engines. In the evenings and on weekends, they labored equally hard, working on their own small tract of land, fixing broken-down cars, repairing broken shutters and drafty windows. In their little free time, they drowned their livers in beer from cheap copper mugs at a bar near the local brewery or racecourse. 当我还是个小男孩时，我住在弗吉尼亚州一个偏远的地区，那时我所认识的男人们从清晨的第一声公鸡啼鸣一直劳作到日落。他们都是些不起眼的农民、牧羊人，勉强度日，或是焊接工、钢铁工或木匠；他们制作橱柜、挖掘沟渠、开采煤炭，或驾驶卡车，这使他们拥有肌肉结实的上臂。他们训练马匹、填塞炉膛、制造轮胎，站在装配线上将零件焊接到冰箱，或是给汽车发动机上润滑剂。到了傍晚或周末，他们也要同样辛苦地劳作，在自己的一小片土地上耕作，修理出了问题的汽车，修复坏掉的百叶窗和漏风的窗户。在仅剩的闲暇时间里，他们会在当地的啤酒作坊或赛马场附近的酒馆里用盛在廉价铜杯中的啤酒将自己灌得烂醉。 2 The bodies of the men I knew were twisted and wounded in ways visible and invisible. Heavy lifting had given many of them spinal problems and appalling injuries. Some had broken ribs and lost fingers. Racing against conveyor belts had given some ulcers. Their ankles and knees ached from years of standing on concrete. Some had partial vision loss as the glow of the welding flame damaged their optic receptors. There were times, studying them, when I dreaded growing up. All around us, the fathers always seemed older than the mothers. Men wore out sooner, being martyrs of constant work. Only women lived into old age. 我所认识的那些男人的身躯遭受着种种看得见或看不见的扭曲和伤痛。搬运沉重的物品给他们很多人造成了脊柱病和可怕的伤痛。有些人断了肋骨，掉了手指。在传输带上不停地工作使他们有些人患了溃疡。他们的脚踝和膝盖由于经年累月站立在水泥地上疼痛不已。有些人由于焊接火光损伤视觉感官而遭受部分视觉缺失的折磨。有些时候，打量着他们，我会害怕长大。在我们周围的人中，父亲们看上去总是比母亲们要老。男人衰老得更早，长期遭受着因持续劳作带来的病痛。只有女人才活到年老。 3 There were also soldiers, and so far as I could tell, they scarcely worked at all. But when the shooting started, many of them would die for their patriotism in fields and forts of foreign outposts. This was what soldiers were for —they were tools like a wrench, a hammer or a screw. 还有士兵也是男人的工作。据我所知，他们几乎不工作，但当战争一打响，他们很多人都会出于爱国热情而战死在疆场或异域前哨的堡垒前。这就是士兵的作用——他们就像工具，如同扳钳、锤子或螺丝一样。 4 These weren't the only destinies of men, as I learned from having a few male teachers, from reading books and from watching television. But the men on television —the news
E-C 英汉翻译技巧：视角转换（Shift of Perspective） The University of San Francisco is located near the Golden Gate Park. 旧金山大学座落在金门公园附近。（语态的转换） （王恩冕、李正中：《大学英汉翻译教程》，对外经济贸易大学出版社） Her parents are both in their seventies. 她父母都已年过古稀。（表达方式的转换） （陈刚) If children are so well able to learn their mother tongue, it is precisely because they plunge themselves into the sea of language instead of reading a few textbooks only. 孩子们之所以能把自己的母语学好，恰恰是因为他们投身于语言的海洋之中，而不单单是读几本教科书而已。（条件状语转换成结果状语） （丁树德：《英汉汉英翻译教学综合指导》，天津大学出版社) You can mass-produce … incredible quantities of facts and figure s. You cannot mass-produce knowledge, which is created by individual minds, drawing on individual experience, separating the significant from the irrelevant. 你可以大批制造……数量惊人的事实与数字，但不可能大批生产知识，因为知识是个人头脑用个人经验，经过去伪存真后创造出来的。（定语从句转换成原因状语从句）（王恩冕、李正中：《大学英汉翻译教程》，对外经济贸易大学出版社） “C oming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the verandah, and into the porch. “来啦！”她转身蹦跳着跑了，越过草地，跑上小径，跨上台阶，穿过凉台，进了门廊。（介词转换成动词） （许建平：《英汉互译实践与技巧》，清华大学出版社) Highway and air traffic came to a standstill in most of Eastern Washington. 华盛顿州大部分地区的公路交通和空中航线都已陷入停顿。（名词转换成动词） （《新实用英译汉教程》） I believe equally that it is in the interests of the world as a whole that Europe should increasingly unite and speak with a common voice. 我同样认为，欧洲应该日益团结起来，并且用一个共同的声音说话，这是符合全世界的利益的。（词序调整） (许建平：《英汉互译实践与技巧》，清华大学出版社) Little did I then know the meaning of war and what it was in reality. 当时我确实不大懂得战争的意义以及战争实际上是怎么回事。（词序调整） （许建平：《英汉互译实践与技巧》，清华大学出版社)
高考英语翻译解析版汇编 一、高中英语翻译 1．高中英语翻译题：Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．任何人都不可能轻而易举获得成功。(ease) ________________________ 2．遇到紧急情况一定要冷静，否则可能会造成严重后果。(or) ________________________ 3．我们只有学会尊重人际间的差异，才能避免误会，与他人建立和谐的关系。(Only) ________________________ 4．令教练欣慰的是，整个辩论队齐心协力，克服了遇到的各种困难，最终所有的努力都得到了回报。(reward v.) ________________________ 【答案】 1． It is impossible for anyone to achieve success with ease./ Nobody can achieve success with ease. 2． Keep calm/ Calm down in emergency, or it can bring about/cause serious consequences. 3． Only by learning to respect interpersonal differences/differences between(among) people can we avoid misunderstanding and build harmonious relationships with others. 4．To the coach’s relief, all the debate/debating team members have worked together/cooperated to overcome various difficulties they met with/encountered/came across, and all their efforts have finally been rewarded. 【解析】 1．本句关键词（组）：achieve success“取得成功”，with ease“熟练地；不费力地”。根据句意可知，此处描述的客观事实，应使用一般现在时。故译为It is impossible for anyone to achieve success with ease./ Nobody can achieve success with ease. 2．本句关键词（组）：keep calm/ calm down“保持冷静”，emergency“紧急情况”，bring about/cause serious consequences“造成严重后果”。根据句意及提示可知，此处应使用句型：“祈使句，or+将来时的句子”。故译为Keep calm/ Calm down in emergency, or it can bring about/cause serious consequences. 3．本句关键词（组）：interpersonal differences/differences between(among) people“人际间的差异”，avoid misunderstanding“避免误会”，build harmonious relationshi ps with others“与他人建立和谐的关系”。only位于句首时，主句使用部分倒装结构。故译为Only by learning to respect interpersonal differences/differences between(among) people can we avoid misunderstanding and build harmonious relationships with others. 4．本句关键词（组）：to the coach’s relief“令教练欣慰的是”，worked together/cooperated“齐心协力”，overcome various difficulties“克服各种困难”，meet with/ encounter/come across“遇到”。根据句意及提示可知，此处主句应使用现在完成时。故译为