Applicant`s name:
Ⅰ.Title:
Reading from Feminism Perspective Jane Eyre and Tess of the D`Urbervilles
Ⅱ.Abstract:
⒈Research question
Jane Eyre and another novel Tess of the D`Urbervilles are two typical novels of the Victorian era, both of them proclaim the consciousness of independence and resistance of women who have lower social status. This article starts from the situation of women and development of feminism at that time and analyze the two novels from the perspective of feminism.
⒉Rationale for the study
In the Victorian era, man was still holding the dominant position.Women don`t have equal rights with man. For instance, when man and women get marry, the property brought by women will belong to her husband, when they divorce, women don`t have guardianship right. Besides that for most of women, finding job is an incredible thing, much less have right to vote. Taking care of children and husband are their only duty. The writers reveal the living situation of women through the characters in their novels .What`s more, as the awakening of female consciousness and development of feminism, the characters are granted the features of independence and resistance.
⒊Methodology
In this paper I firstly use standardized research to outline the theory in this study. This method will be based on secondary research which source will be the research published in various journals and management publications.
⑴Advantages of Secondary Research
The most important factor determining me to use the secondary data is that it is easy to do and helps to save time. My research dissertation has to be completed within four months, which implies constraints from the time, and some other factors. Furthermore, the verification process is more rapid and the reliability of the information and conclusion is greatly enhanced.
⑵Disadvantages of Secondary Research
Although secondary data collection is very useful for us to collect the existing information, the information collected through this method may be incomplete. Using this technique requires people to be quite clear about what they are looking for and the technique is restricted to the materials that already exist. It is not a flexible way to collect materials. If you are not clear about what you are looking for, you may spend much time but not collect the materials you need. So this method of documentation should be used base on the assumption that you have the clear objective about what
kind of materials you want to collect. And the data and information that you want to collect through this method must be the real and existing information available in the market. So this method just can help to collect the past and historic information and can not collect the in-depth information.
Ⅲ.Procedure:
Firstly, Jane Eyre written by Charlotte Bronte and another novel Tess of the D`Urbervilles written by Thomas Hardy have been read. I am familiar with the characters in the novels, their image, their features and their families.
Secondly, I will read some books record the history of the Victorian era to realize the living condition of women. Moreover, I want to know the social background and what the authors want to reflect of the society.
Lastly, I will read literature about feminism, such as the source of it and its development in the 19th century. Then I will on the perspective of this theory to analyze expression of feminism in the novels.
Above all, I can use library method to do the theoretical outline of this dissertation. Some journals and articles from internet will be read.
Ⅳ.Timetable
To decide a topic November, 2013
Collect secondary materials and review of literatures December, 2013
Complete a research proposal December, 2013
Write up results and conclusion January, 2014
First draft of project report completed January, 2014
Second draft of project report completed February, 2014
Third draft of project report completed April, 2014
Final writing of project report April, 2014
Ⅴ.Introduction:
⒈Purpose of the study
The main purpose of this research is to analyze the feminism in the two novels, one aspect is their spirit of resistance, another aspect is their perception of love which shaped by their independent personality. Comprehending the social background of the novels and the development of feminism in Victorian era is the first task.
⒉Importance
Jane Eyre and Tess of the D`Urbervilles are two famous works with the profound history of imprinting, we regard them as canons until now. The novels are worth being studied because their literary value and historical value. In the Victorian era women did not want to be limited by children and families, they eager to have jobs, social
status, and even political rights same with man. From the perspective of feminism, the novels show awaking of women`s consciousness. That time and those novels help to feminism study all over the literature.
⒊Major issues and sub-problems
This study seeks to study
1.The expression of feminism in Jane Eyre and Tess of the D`Urbervilles, including
the independent personalities, what did the characters do when they trapped in dilemma, their perception of love.
2.The living conditions, social status and rights of women in Victorian era
3.The source of feminism and developing process in that era
⒋Delimitation and boundaries
1.Do the research from the perspective of feminism
2.Just analyze the two novels,Jane Eyre and Tess of the D`Urbervilles
3.State the living condition of women only in Victorian era
Ⅵ.Key concepts
⒈Victorian era （social status of women, literature）
Man in Victorian era thinks that women are in inferior position , even the most famous poet and great leader of that time also have the same thought. Women are appreciated because they are obedient to their husband. Women don`t have equal rights with man. For instance, when man and women get marry, the property brought by women will belong to her husband, when they divorce, women don`t have guardianship right. Besides that for most of women, finding job is an incredible thing, much less have right to vote.
Some great novelists try to reflect the true life of the public from different aspects at that time. Meanwhile, they carry the duty of criticizing the society and defending interest of people. Their novels with the same feature, they care about life and fate of general people, they show their anger for the poverty and injustice. The most vital thing is that they wake up the consciousness of social problem and development from the public. Their works truly reflects the reality and spirit of that era.
⒉Jane Eyre
Jane Eyre is a representative work with autobiographical color of Charlotte Bronte. Jane Eyre was an orphan of poor clerical family. This young girl was placed in foster care with her aunt and uncle. However, Jane`s uncle passed away, she suffered ill-treat and bear discrimination from her aunt and cousins in decade. Later, she was sent to the ROM. Wood orphanage, where children had hard life and died in their bed. In that school, her best friend Helen passed away. Then the condition was improved, Jane got education for 6 years. As the leaving of her teacher ---Miss temple Bohr，she left the school . Finally, she found a job in Thornfield manor as a tutor. Gradually, Jane fall in love with the host Mr Rochester. However, someone came to testify Mr Rochester had got married with the mad woman locked in the third floor of the abbey 15 years ago.
They were separated by law in pain. Jane left the abbey and led a vagrant life. A priest St. John, her cousin took her in and gave her a job as a teacher in a school. Later, they got legacy left by Jane`s uncle. John proposed to Jane for a reason she fit to be a wife of priest. Jane refused him and went to visit Mr Rochester. However, she found the abbey became a total ruin. The mad woman died after falling from the building. Mr. Rochester lost an arm and eye for saving his mad wife. Finally, Jane Eyre got married with him and they had happy life.
⒊Tess
Tess`s father is a simple farmer, that he is descended from the illustrious D`Urbervilles family or maybe not. He send Tess to check on a family named D`Urbervilles living in a manor house less than a day`s carriage ride away. Alec is delighted to meet this beautiful “cousin”. Then, Alec falls in love with Tess and rapes her. She leaves the family and back to home, she finds she is pregnant. She is laughed and discriminated. After the baby dies, she begins work as milkmaid, there she meets her true love Angel Clare. They fall in love, but Angle does n`t learn of her previous relationship with Alec until their wedding night and rejects her. Deserted by her husband, Tess meets Alec again, but poverty forces her to resume their relationship. Angle returns from traveling abroad, remorseful at his treatment of Tess, but finds her with Alec. Tess murders Alec in order to run away with Angle. They spend one night of happiness together before she is arrested and hung.
⒋British Feminist Literary Criticism
British Feminist Literary Criticism has a long history. The most famous work is A Vindication of the Rights of Women written by Mary Wollstonecraft, published in the 1792. She holds the opinion that the educational degree of women should match their social status. She asserts women should be given the same social rights like men, rather than are treated as the subsidiaries of society or a part of family property. Her opinion of feminist criticism is carried on by people in 19th century and 20th century. For instance, some outstanding writers, Jane Austin, the Bronte sisters, George Eliot, they express feminist feelings through characters in their novels.
British feminism is divided into three groups: Liberal Feminism, Social feminism (Marxist feminism) and Radical Feminism. In the Victoriann era the liberal feminism which purpose is erasing the social distinction in law, politics, employment and other social fields of life via legal reform is the main trend.
In the 20th Virginia Woolf gets the greatest achievement in the British feminist literary criticism because she puts forward the female economic independence consciousness. She pointed out economic independence has closed connection with education, privation of women restrict development of education.
The second high tide of British feminism is motivate by a work Women`s Two Roles written by Viola Klein and Alva Myrdal in 1956. They think female should integrate family with work, elevate economic status so that they can get ride of the subordinate position in society.
Ⅶ.Literature review
[1]Charlotte Bronte(2003)Jane Eyre Shanghai:World Publishing Corporation
[2]Thomas Hardy(2008)Tess of the D`Urbervilles Beijing:Foreign Languages Press
[3]Clayton Roberts.David Roberts.Douglas R Bisson(2002)A History of England, V olumeⅡ:1688 to the Present 4th ed.London:Pearson Education.Inc.
[4]Martha Licinus(1980)Suffer and Be Still Women in the Victorian Age Bloomington:Indiana University Press
[5]Virginia Woolf(2003)On Novels and Novelist Shanghai:Shanghai Translation Publishing House
[6]Elain Showalter(2005)A Literature of Their Own Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
[7]Charles E. Bressler(2004)Literary Criticism:An Introduction to Theory and Practice Beijing:Higher Education Education Press
[8]Dale Kramer(2000)The Cambridge Companion to Thomas Hardy Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press
[9]张京媛.当代女性主义文学批评.北京大学出版社，1992
[10]王卫新，隋晓获.英国文学批评史.上海外语教育出版社,2012
[11]杨静远.勃朗特姐妹研究.中国社会科学出版社，1983
[12]张载中.托马斯-哈代——思想与创作.外语教学与研究出版社，1983
简爱开题报告范文 论文题目：An Analysis on The Double Character of Jane Eyre in《Jane Eyre》 对简爱性格双重性的分析 选体意义、研究现状及存在问题 1. 选题意义 夏洛蒂·勃朗特著名的代表作品《简爱》,其中所描写的主人公——简爱性格具有明显的双重性,即简爱既有她真、善、美和富有强烈叛逆特征的,坚强的一面;同时又有着缺乏自信,时时感到自卑,并且追求爱情的同时保有陈旧而保守的传统婚姻观的一面。但也正是由于这种双重性格, 简爱在西方文学史上成了先进妇女和具有经久不衰魅力 的代表人物，在英国文学史人物画廊里,简爱这个人物形象才显得更加丰满而更具有真实性。同时也反映出了人性的复杂性，值得我们去探讨和研究! 2. 研究现状 《简爱》是一部家喻户晓的小说。十九世纪中期，英国伟大的女性存在主义先驱，著名作家夏洛蒂勃朗特创作出了她的代表作--《简爱》，当时轰动了整个文坛，直至今日，这部小说也依然散发着无穷的魅力。在作品的序幕、发展、高潮和结尾中，女主人公的叛逆、自由、平等、自尊、纯洁的个性，同时又会感觉自卑，对传统婚姻形式的屈服，都是各个重点章节的主旨，而这些主旨则在女主人公的爱情观中被展露的淋漓尽致，它们如同乌云上方的星汉，灼灼闪耀着光芒，
照亮着后来的女性者们追求爱情的道路。多年来，国内外许多学者对这个作品尤其对主人公进行了多方面，多视角的分析，研究如下：在国内，郭笑梅论道：“简爱这一形象虽有女性的温柔顺从等特征，但更多的是具有男性一样的坚强勇敢、主动积极等特征，而且在许多角色上她实现了与男主人翁角色地位的互换，担当起积极主动的主体性地位。简爱体现了女权主义要实现男女平等的理想，她起到了鼓励女性起来追求平等、自由、独立的生活，以更加积极的生活态度，实现自身的主体地位的作用。就像王文慧.在文章中报道说本文从社会的人的反抗和女性意识的觉醒两个方面分析研究了《简·爱》女主人公简·爱的反抗精神, 剖析了当代中国社会现状及女性的处境, 目的在于借简·爱的反抗精神激励中国女性珍视和保持自尊、自立、自强的女性意识。在国外，特里.伊格尔顿在他研究勃朗特姐妹的专著《权利的神话》一书，指出夏洛蒂的作品存在一种固有的，两种模糊并内部分裂的价值观之间的斗争，即女主人公一方面表现出理性，冷静，自我奋斗精神，激进的反抗和叛逆;另一方面则过于虔诚，服从，保守，它们中的任何一对可相互替代或转移。乔伊斯.卡.欧茨在为小说第三版所作的“介绍”中曾指出：“在1847年《简爱》出版之前，英国文学中虽不乏叛逆女性的形象，但像简爱那样卑微、平凡、孤苦无依的…弱势?女性如此自觉地对抗强大的父权社会，算是空前的。 3. 存在问题 多年来，国内外许多学者对这个作品尤其对主人公进行了多方面、多视角的分析.关于该作品的研究论文也很多，但是学者们对简
毕业论文 谈《简爱》中的女权主义
谈《简爱》中的女权主义 摘要 《简爱》以女主人公简爱的经历为主线,讲述了一个坚强,独立,热爱劳动、自尊、自强、自信的女性爱情故事,塑造了一位值得赞美,歌颂的女教师形象。主人公简·爱--一个受过良好教育但社会地位卑微的女子的思索和抗争，并通过简·爱曲折丰富的情感经历，体味简·爱对爱情、友情以及独立、平等、自信等的理解和实践。两性之间是平等的，爱情须得以平等和互相独立做为基础。女人必须有独立的人格，自尊自爱，不依附于其他人才可以赢得别人的尊重和热爱，才会有真正的幸福。书中也讨论了简爱的反抗意识,集中反映在她为自由,平等,独立和女性尊重而战。在盖茨黑德,简爱由顺从到为生存而战,在劳渥德,她为女性尊重和平等而战,也为拥有平等爱而战。最后她赢得了罗切斯特的爱,过上了幸福的生活。 关键词： 坚强,独立,热爱劳动、女性平等、自尊、自强、自信
目录 1前言 (1) 2 作者女权主义思想的产生 (2) 2.1作者夏洛蒂.勃朗特的介绍 (2) 2.2作品《简爱》的介绍 (2) 3《简爱》中女权主义思想 (3) 3.1简爱的自尊心、自信心、反抗精神 (3) 3.2简爱的爱情观 (4) 3.3简爱的独立性 (5) 4《简爱》中女权主义反抗意识 (6) 4.1为生存而战 (6) 4.2为获得认同和尊严而战 (7) 4.3为独立平等而战 (7) 5结语 (9)
1前言 当今社会，女权主义受到越来越多人的重视，女权主义泛指妇女要求平等权利的社会思潮。又称男女平权主义、男女平等主义。女权主义是近代资产阶级启蒙思想运动和妇女解放运动的产物，提倡妇女在人类生活所有领域与男子具有同等权利。女权主义具有广泛的文化内涵，涉及政治、经济、法律、教育、宗教、伦理等领域。 在19世纪的英国，一位批评现实主义的文学女作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特写出了一部代表女性主义思想的小说——《简·爱》。这部小说是夏洛蒂·勃朗特“诗意的生平写照”。书中的主人公简·爱是一个心地纯洁、善于思考的女性，她生活在社会底层，受尽磨难。但她有倔强的性格和勇于追求平等幸福的精神。这部小说以浓郁抒情的笔法和深刻细腻的心理描写，引人入胜地展示了男女主人公曲折起伏的爱情经历，歌颂了摆脱一切旧习俗和偏见。扎根于相互理解、相互尊重的基础之上的深挚爱情，具有强烈的震撼心灵的艺术力量。它最为成功之处在于塑造了一个敢于反抗，敢于争取自由和平等地位的妇女形象。
有关简爱的开题报告范文阅读 论文题目：《论简爱》On Jane Eyre 毕业论文(设计)开题时间 xx年12月10日 毕业论文(设计)实行地点郑州华信学院 一、选题的目的与意义： 《简爱》中作者以一种女性细腻，为我们解释了人的内心世界中 深刻的体验。这样的描写使得小说的价值超越了他故事本身。它提供 给我们读者心理活动的体验，直到今天依然会引起很多读者，尤其我 们女性读者无论是心理还是精神上的共鸣。通过简析简.爱的性格形成 和性格特征让人们理解到女人的尊严要自己来捍卫，人的最美好的生 活是人的尊严加爱。 二、研究的主要内容与创新之处： 主要内容：主要研究简爱的性格形成和性格特征以及尊严+爱着个 公式在人们生活中的时代意义。 1.小说中主人公所处的环境实行分析，简析简.爱的性格形成; 2、通过阅读小说，探索简.爱的人格力量，总结她的性格特征; 3、通过度析当今社会人们的价值取向和对爱情婚姻的选择条件， 提出这样一个主题：人的价值=尊严+爱，而不是让金钱和地位淹没爱情、尊严、人格、婚姻、甚至所有人类真正应该珍视的一切。创新之处：简所定义的最美好生活应该是：美好生活=尊严+爱+金钱。《简爱》的女性意识符合当时社会发展的趋势，体现了现代社会女性对于自我 价值和独立意识的追求。 三、研究的方法与设计方案
研究方法：调查法、归纳总结法、例证法、查阅文献资料法;课题的研究手段主要以文学研究为主兼以理论研究。 设计方案： 研究的进度安排：统一按照院系领导和指导老师的安排，并结合论文写作的实际情况，认真完成论文写作的每项步骤。 四、完成期限与预期进展： 完成期限：11月25日——4月10日 预期进展： 11月25日——12月15日：选题及收集资料，撰写文献综述 12月30日前：开题答辩，确定毕业论文研究课题;撰写开题报告书 次年1月——次年3月：收集相关资料，并对资料实行分类归纳 次年3月——次年4月：撰写论文初稿 次年4月1日——次年4月10日：论文修改及定稿 五、主要参考文献： [1] Bronte Charlotte .Jane Eyre.1847.New York： Bantam Books [M], 1981. [2] Bronte Charlotte .Jane Eyre.北京：当代中国出版社[M]，2002 [3] Eagle ton, Terry. Jane Eyre： A Marxist Study. Modern Critical Interpretation：Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyr e .Ed, Harold Bloom. Chelsea House Publishers[M], 1987：29-46.
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The Tragedy of Tess in Tess of the D’ Urberville Abstract:Tess of the D’Urbervilles is the famous British novelist and poet Thomas hardy’s masterpiece. It is known as the treasure of English literature and world literature. The novel describes a pure gir l’s tragic fate. This thesis tries to probe the inevitable factors and significance of her tragedy from the aspects of social environment, religion, moral, family, nature and so on. Key Words:tragedy; factor; Tess; Alec; Angel. Thomas Hardy (1840-1928) is one of the representatives of English critical realism at the time of the 19th century. In his whole life he published fourteen accomplished novel, forty-seven short stories, more than nine hundred poems. In his youth, Hardy had been greatly influenced by some liberal thinkers such as Darwin and John Stuart Mill. In his novels, Hardy incorporated many of these themes in order to portray a real world. Darwin’s challenge led Hardy to lose faith in Christianity, and this lack of faith gave his novels their tragic, bleak element. Tess of the D’ Urbervilles written by Thomas Hardy in 1891, is a tragic story of a beautiful country girl, Tess Durbeyfield, who is the daughter of a poor villager. She is a pure and loyal young woman. In order to support the poor family, she has to follow her parents’ advice and visit the so-called distant relative—D’Urbervilles. Later, she is seduced by Alec D’Urbervilles, the son of a rich merchant. From then on her destiny changes greatly. At last, Tess manages to elude Alec and gives birth to her baby, but she loses the baby finally. After the death of her baby, she leaves home and goes to work as a dairymaid at a distant farm, where she meets Clare, a pastor’s son. They fall in love and get married. On their wedding night Angel confesses to her the sins of his past, Tess forgives him and tells him her story with Alec, b ut Angel can’t accept the truth, he deserts her and leaves her to Brazil. After Angel’s leaving, Tess lives a very hard life. She meets Alec again and is pursued by him once more. Without hope for Angel’s back, Tess has no choice but go to Alec again. Unfortunately, Angel comes to find Tess and tell her he still loves her. Now, Tess hates Alec deeply. With deep sad she kills Alec and runs away with Angel. They live a
最新专业原创毕业论文，都是近期写作 1 大学英语教师课堂话语礼貌现象研究 2 中英社交禁忌习俗异同之比较分析 3 A Naturalistic Approach to Jude’s Tragedy in Jude the Obscure 4 幸福婚姻中爱情与金钱并重——论《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观 5 从译者主体性视角看文言语体在英文歌词 6 从广交会现场洽谈角度论英语委婉语在国际商务谈判中的功能与应用 7 浅析隐藏在“面纱”之后的伯莎梅森 8 论《最后的莫西干人》中的印第安情结 9 Research on the Expression of the Speaker’s Intention in English and Chinese Conversation 10 A Comparison of the English Color Terms 11 论《马丁伊登》中一个成功者的幻灭 12 An Analysis of the Family Membership In Death of a Salesman 13 Unreliable Narration – The Approach to Irony in Pride and Prejudice 14 分析与比较中美电视新闻的娱乐化，及其未来的发展 15 Yellow Peril–the Image of Fu Manchu in the West 16 解读奥斯卡王尔德的《莎乐美》中的女性意识 17 《大地》中赛珍珠女权主义分析 18 论福斯塔夫的性格 19 浅析《儿子与情人》中扭曲的人物关系 20 英语专业学生课外网络自主学习问题研究 21 对鲁滨逊性格特征的分析 22 《嘉莉妹妹》中女主人公的服饰所反映的女性意识 23 生态视角下解读《荒野的呼唤》 24 浅析《哈克贝利费恩历险记》的写作风格 25 从礼貌原则看英语委婉语的构成和社会功能 26 论托马斯哈代《还乡》的悲剧效果 27 跨文化交际背景下英语禁忌语探析 28 英语词汇中的性别歧视现象及回避方式 29 浅析广告发展现状及其未来发展趋势 30 An Analysis of the Names in Tess of the d’Urbervilles 31 社会阶层与语言关系在《雾都孤儿》中的投射研究 32 从Hofstede的文化维度角度解析中美家庭教育的差异 33 北京奥运会与中国品牌发展 34 A Comparison of Chinese and Western Taboos of Social Communication 35 奥斯卡王尔德童话中的理想与现实 36 母语在小学英语学习中的正迁移 37 论《傲慢与偏见》中的女性形象 38 非传统式英雄——从女性主义批评角度看《名利场》 39 论英语写作中中式英语的成因及解决策略 40 互动在高中英语阅读课的应用 41 The Relationship Between Oscar Wilde and Dorian Gray
简爱论文开题报告范文 勃朗特的小说《简爱》向来被认为是一部以女性主义为主题的 杰出作品。小说主人公简爱随着她成长环境的变化，经历了一个漫长的自我实现过程，从一个寄人篱下的孤苦女孩逐步成长为一个具有独立精神的女性。以下是整理的简爱论文开题报告范文，欢迎阅读。 一、选题的目的与意义： 《简爱》中作者以一种女性细腻，为我们解释了人的内心世界 中深刻的体验。这样的描写使得小说的价值超越了他故事本身。它提供给我们读者心理活动的体验，直到今天依然会引起很多读者，尤其我们女性读者无论是心理还是精神上的共鸣。通过简析简.爱的性格 形成和性格特征让人们认识到女人的尊严要自己来捍卫，人的最美好的生活是人的尊严加爱。 二、研究的主要内容与创新之处： 主要内容：主要研究简爱的性格形成和性格特征以及尊严+爱着个公式在人们生活中的时代意义。 1.小说中主人公所处的环境进行分析，简析简.爱的性格形成; 2、通过阅读小说，探索简.爱的人格力量，总结她的性格特征; 3、通过分析当今社会人们的价值取向和对爱情婚姻的选择条件，提出这样一个主题：人的价值=尊严+爱，而不是让金钱和地位淹没爱情、尊严、人格、婚姻、甚至所有人类真正应该珍视的一切。创新之处：简所定义的最美好生活应该是：美好生活=尊严+爱+金钱。《简
爱》的女性意识符合当时社会发展的趋势，体现了现代社会女性对于自我价值和独立意识的追求。 三、研究的方法与设计方案 研究方法：调查法、归纳总结法、例证法、查阅文献资料法;课题的研究手段主要以文学研究为主兼以理论研究。 设计方案： 研究的进度安排：统一按照院系领导和指导老师的安排，并结合论文写作的实际情况，认真完成论文写作的每项步骤。 四、完成期限与预期进展： 完成期限：11月25日——4月10日 预期进展： 11月25日——12月15日：选题及收集资料，撰写文献综述 12月30日前：开题答辩，确定毕业论文研究课题;撰写开题报告书 次年1月——次年3月：收集相关资料，并对资料进行分类归纳 次年3月——次年4月：撰写论文初稿 次年4月1日——次年4月10日：论文修改及定稿 五、主要参考文献： [1]BronteCharlotte.JaneEyre.1847.NewYork:BantamBooks[M],198 1.
Introduction Jane Eyre is such a great novel that it holds an important position in the history of British literature. It is also the masterpiece of Charlotte Bronte, who is a famous talented realistic woman novelist in English literature history. It has been translated into various languages and adapted for movie, dazzling generations of readers all through the world. This thesis mainly discusses the female doctrine of Jane in the social background of realism. Jane is neither a very beautiful woman, nor rich, but her genuine, selfless love for Rochester, and her good personality strike us deeply. It was written successfully to portray its heroine --Jane Eyre , a independent woman, who takes an positive and progressive attitude toward love, life , society and religions, and who dares to fight for the liberty and equality. Jane's sufferings are the deep reflections of the lives of lower-class people in Britain . The author shaped her heroine as a lower-class, awaken, and new feminine , who resists oppression and social prejudice strongly, fight for independent personality and dignity firmly ,and pursue happy life consistently. It is rather rare in the novels of that period. The period when Jane (the heroine in the novel Jane Eyre) lived roughly corresponds with the time of queen Victoria’s ruling. Victoria who ruled over the British Empire for over 60 years was a well known queen in English history. She mounted the throne in 1837 when British literature reached a prosperous period. In the 1940s, British literature reached its peak. The realists were one of the main groups at that time, and the author of Jane Eyre belonged to this group. A brief information about Charlotte Bront? Charlotte Bronte (1816-1855) was born in the family of a poor country clergyman at Haworth, Yorkshire, in northern England. In this period of tense class struggle appeared a new literary trend-critical realism. English critical realism of the 19 th century flourished in the forties and in the early fifties. The critical realists described with much vividness and great artistic skill the chief traits of the English society and criticized the capitalist system from a democratic viewpoint.She
理想与现实的挣扎——《德伯家的苔丝》中克莱尔的人物形象分析 克莱尔就身处保守与进步、落后与先进两种力量激烈交锋的时代。作为一名知识青年，克莱尔接受资产阶级进步思想，有着美好的理想，行为和思想都具有现代倾向。小说一开始就把克莱尔的这种思想倾向展现在读者的面前，“乡社游行”中，三兄弟的打扮：“年纪最大的一个穿着标准的助牧师的服装：白领带、短背心和窄边帽。第二个是标准的大学生打扮。第三个年龄最小，那副外表很难说他的身份，眼神和服装里有一种不服拘管，不随俗流的神奇，表示他还没有找到他的职业的道路。”他洋溢着热情的青春活力，不顾哥哥们的反对，停下来与一群乡下姑娘跳舞，这种行为对于他们的身份来说是不符合规矩礼仪的。克莱尔瞧不起等级、财富等差异，对社会习俗和礼仪表示不屑。为获得精神上的自由回避宗教事业，决定从事比较艰苦的农业，而且到农村去学习各种农事劳动。能克服中产阶级的身份感跟奶场的工人打成一片，像理解朋友一样理解他们，不但不把他们当作所谓的乡下“哈甲”，而且能欣赏他们的性格和才能。克莱尔的这种思想与他的家庭是有很大的差距的。克莱尔的家庭是一个牧师家庭，在这个中产阶级家庭里，父亲是一位虔诚备至的牧师，母亲是一个对上帝敬畏有加的信女，两位哥哥都上了剑桥大学，再把那座学府当作通向教会工作的垫脚石，最后都成为牧师。克莱尔钦佩父亲老克莱尔对教会事业的虔诚和自我牺牲的精神，却也明白他的狭隘与局限。对两个哥哥看得更清楚，尽管两人“浑身上下无一处不是中规中矩”，却也看出两个人思想上的庸俗，在他们面前克莱尔我行我素，毫不掩饰因为农村生活而产生的变化。 克莱尔的思想特征不是某一段时期的言行能够体现的，我们可以从他经历的几个较大的人生转折中探究他的思想变化，大致可以分为三个阶段：与苔丝结婚之前，结婚之后，从巴西回来。 婚前，克莱尔有着追求自然、不符合礼教的天性，所以他能够抛开世俗成见，从无拘无束的大自然中选择配偶，爱上了纯真美丽的“自然的女儿”———苔丝，拒绝了父母为他订下的门当户对的亲事。他告诉他的父亲：“像我这样勤苦节俭的农民最好和什 么样的妇女结婚呢？”她“首先要会挤牛奶，取奶油，做鲜美的奶酪，懂得怎样让母鸡和小鸡孵蛋，临时出了事故能够指挥地里全部的工作人员，还懂得对羊和小牛做出评价。” 克莱尔是一个追求个性解放的知识青年，他摒弃森严的等级制度，背离世俗礼教，追求心心相印、真挚纯洁的爱情。他追求以爱情为基础的婚姻，是对虚伪保守的宗教道德的反抗。他对苔丝的爱情是纯洁的，炙热的，带着田园牧歌情调。他夸苔丝“那挤奶的姑娘真是个大自然的女儿，多么鲜活，多么天然纯真啊！”他对母亲夸耀苔丝“真是浑身洋溢着诗意；她就是诗的化身，她过的就是诗的生活———那种生活舞文弄墨的诗人只能在纸上写写罢了。”他尊重苔丝，抱着郑重婚姻的意图和她接近，克莱尔一次又一次地向苔丝求婚，却被苔丝一次又一次地拒绝。在遭拒绝时虽很痛苦，但克莱尔很耐心，虽然不明白苔丝为什么要拒绝自己，但是坚信自己的诚心一定会打动苔丝的。小说中有一段描写克莱尔抱四个女孩过水塘，他因为要帮助其中的一个女孩，而要同时帮助四个，“在他心里，这一番举动有四分之三是普普通通的与人为善。”他向苔丝表明自己的爱情：“娶三个利亚就是为了一个拉结。”正是克莱尔的真情和体贴使“宗教上发下誓愿，要拒绝一切诱惑，决不结婚”的苔丝克服了精神上的压力，重新鼓起面对生活的勇气，答应嫁给克莱尔。
毕业论文英美文学开题报告 导语：小说中自然有着独特的作用，它使人精神放松，包容所有人，它似乎是一个有血有肉的灵魂，以下小编为大家介绍毕业论文英美文学开题报告文章，欢迎大家阅读参考! 毕业论文英美文学开题报告1 (一)课题研究来源 在考研过程中遇到类型相关的题目，本人很感兴趣，于是确定选择该题。 (二)课题研究的目的 本文通过对《呼啸山庄》中象征主义，来叙述《呼啸山庄》中文明与自然的冲突。 (三)课题研究的意义 艾米莉·勃朗特是英国维多利亚时期着名小说家和作家，是着名的勃朗特姐妹之一，也是三姐妹中最具天赋的一个。她一生只写了一部小说《呼啸山庄》，但是这部伟大的作品却使她扬名于世。通过《呼啸山庄》，艾米莉·勃朗特以维多利亚时代为背景，通过写两个截然不同的家族，三代人之间的爱恨情仇，充分表现了维多利亚时期文明和自然之间的冲突以及怎样反映了艾米莉·勃朗特对自然的偏爱。小说中自然和文明冲突不断，艾米莉·勃朗特在小说中多次运用对比和象征来表现此冲突，例如，呼啸山庄和画眉山庄的冲突，凯瑟琳两种不同的爱情观的冲突。这种冲突正是基于艾米
莉·勃朗特对自然异于常人的热爱和当时现代文明盛行的背景。英国文学史上着名的三姐妹从小生活在荒原上，自然在她们心中是神圣之物，这点很像新英格兰超验主义的观点。并且英国浪漫主义时期沃兹沃斯和柯律利治等着名诗人影响，自然，情感和哥特式元素在艾米莉·勃朗特的作品中都发挥着举足轻重的作用。而且，艾米莉·勃朗特生活在物欲横流的维多利亚时代，当时的人们以自然之情为基础的生活受到现代文明的激烈冲击。作为维多利亚时代批判现实主义的代表人物，艾米莉·勃朗特看到了现代文明带来的种种罪恶，内心更加执着于对自然的喜爱。因此，要想真正读懂这部伟大的着作，就必须要了解小说中艾米莉·勃朗特对自然和文明的观点。只有了解艾米莉·勃朗特对自然和文明的态度，才能真正明白在这爱恨情仇下有着更深刻的寓意-人类生活应该顺应自然和本性。通过《呼啸山庄》中自然和文明的从图矛盾，由此来叙述《呼啸山庄》中回归自然的观点。 (一)国内研究现状 1.陈茂林从艾米莉·勃朗特所受的自然的影响来分析，他的《回归自然返璞归真--的生态批评》认为《呼啸山庄》是一部自然颂歌。小说中自然有着独特的作用，它使人精神放松，包容所有人，它似乎是一个有血有肉的灵魂，分享着人的痛苦和换了。作品表达了作者对自然的深深热爱，同时也反映了自然和文明的冲突和矛盾。叶利荣则在其《追寻
曲腊腊毕业论文 谈《简爱》中的女权主义 学生姓名：曲腊腊 系（部）：商务英语系专业：英语指导教师： 2013年X月X日
谈《简爱》中的女权主义 摘要 《简爱》以女主人公简爱的经历为主线,讲述了一个坚强,独立,热爱劳动、自尊、自强、自信的女性爱情故事,塑造了一位值得赞美,歌颂的女教师形象。主人公简·爱--一个受过良好教育但社会地位卑微的女子的思索和抗争，并通过简·爱曲折丰富的情感经历，体味简·爱对爱情、友情以及独立、平等、自信等的理解和实践。两性之间是平等的，爱情须得以平等和互相独立做为基础。女人必须有独立的人格，自尊自爱，不依附于其他人才可以赢得别人的尊重和热爱，才会有真正的幸福。书中也讨论了简爱的反抗意识,集中反映在她为自由,平等,独立和女性尊重而战。在盖茨黑德,简爱由顺从到为生存而战,在劳渥德,她为女性尊重和平等而战,也为拥有平等爱而战。最后她赢得了罗切斯特的爱,过上了幸福的生活。 关键词： 坚强,独立,热爱劳动、女性平等、自尊、自强、自信
目录 1前言 (4) 2 作者女权主义思想的产生 (5) 2.1作者夏洛蒂.勃朗特的介绍 (5) 2.2作品《简爱》的介绍 (5) 3《简爱》中女权主义思想 (6) 3.1简爱的自尊心、自信心、反抗精神 (6) 3.2简爱的爱情观 (7) 3.3简爱的独立性 (8) 4《简爱》中女权主义反抗意识 (9) 4.1为生存而战 (9) 4.2为获得认同和尊严而战 (10) 4.3为独立平等而战 (10) 5结语 (12)
1前言 当今社会，女权主义受到越来越多人的重视，女权主义泛指妇女要求平等权利的社会思潮。又称男女平权主义、男女平等主义。女权主义是近代资产阶级启蒙思想运动和妇女解放运动的产物，提倡妇女在人类生活所有领域与男子具有同等权利。女权主义具有广泛的文化内涵，涉及政治、经济、法律、教育、宗教、伦理等领域。 在19世纪的英国，一位批评现实主义的文学女作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特写出了一部代表女性主义思想的小说——《简·爱》。这部小说是夏洛蒂·勃朗特“诗意的生平写照”。书中的主人公简·爱是一个心地纯洁、善于思考的女性，她生活在社会底层，受尽磨难。但她有倔强的性格和勇于追求平等幸福的精神。这部小说以浓郁抒情的笔法和深刻细腻的心理描写，引人入胜地展示了男女主人公曲折起伏的爱情经历，歌颂了摆脱一切旧习俗和偏见。扎根于相互理解、相互尊重的基础之上的深挚爱情，具有强烈的震撼心灵的艺术力量。它最为成功之处在于塑造了一个敢于反抗，敢于争取自由和平等地位的妇女形象。
简爱女性主义分析开题报告 题目：《简爱》的女性主义分析 《简.爱》作为夏洛蒂.勃朗特的代表作之一，其在当时的英国社 会产生了较为广泛的影响。《简.爱》中所体现的女性主义意识更是引 起了当时以及后代人的广泛注重，而中外学者对《简.爱》中的女性主 义也都持有各自的观点。 吴娟《从觉醒到回归的渐进---19世纪英国女性小说中女性意识探幽》(2020)表现了19世纪以跨世纪小说家简.奥斯汀为首，勃朗特姐 妹及乔治.艾略特等一批优秀女作家相继亮相文坛，共同揭开了19世 纪英国小说妇女创作艺术的崭新篇章。指出女性作为第二性和“多余 的肋骨”，在父权社会的历是带着沉重的枷锁处于从属地位的。文章 从“女性意识”的角度，论述从奥斯汀到乔治.艾略特等女作家的小说 中所体现的19世纪英国妇女从觉醒到抗争，从出走到回归的曲折历程。她们以自己的亲自经历来说明妇女的处境，表达妇女的心声，以女性 特有的目光来审视社会现实，生动的反映女性在男权统治的社会中的 坎坷命运，并深刻地揭示了她们的情感危机，道德困惑和反叛意识。 冯茜《夏洛蒂.勃朗特文本的女性社会主体意识》指出夏洛蒂.勃 朗特的小说在看似女性私人化的叙事中，透露着19世纪英国社会公众 事务中的诸多信息。夏洛蒂.勃朗特把外在的社会心理和社会现象转化 为写作的一部分，一方面，小说折射出英国海外殖民的社会背景;一方面，小说也不乏注重英国社会问题;另一方面，通过财产与婚姻关系折 射出诸多的社会问题。作品以边缘人向主流社会挺近的姿态，在双重 历史语境下实行着对权利的去势与挑战，实现着作者鲜明的平等意识 和女性主义的价值观。夏洛蒂的小说更是以第一人称的叙事与读者成 为“同谋”，叙说着女作家自身的焦虑与无奈。从其作品中能够看出，夏洛蒂是试图通过她的女性文本和阴书写突破女性自身的内囿和父权 制的历史语境，抵抗男权社会对女性的边缘化和在语言、意识上的陌视。
浅谈《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝悲剧命运的根源 姓名：杨锐 学号：201330280219 班级：1332802 专业：汉语国际教育 指导老师：熊进萍
浅谈《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝悲剧命运的根源 摘要： 《德伯家的苔丝》是英国著名小说家托马斯?哈代进入晚期小说创作的代表作。小说反映的时代背景是传统的威塞克斯农村社会已大体上被资产阶级社会所占领，社会秩序发生了根本性的变化，农民为了生存不得不去寻找一条同过去完全不同的生活道路。于是哈代将创作的重心放到了浓厚的人道主义色彩，在主题上更加广泛和深刻地表现了维多利亚时代资产阶级的伦理道德、宗教法律、婚姻爱情、教育制度、人际关系等等重大社会问题，从对资产阶级社会的一般性描写转入整个社会的揭露、控诉和批判。 故事内容： 在小说中女主角苔丝?德北是一个美丽善良的农家姑娘，但由于家境贫寒，她不得不听从母亲的劝说，跑到地主的庄园去做工，后被地主的大儿子亚雷奸污。怀着身孕的她回到了家乡。孩子夭折后，她又到一家牛奶厂当挤奶工，在那里遇到了牧师的儿子安琪?克莱尔，两人产生了爱情。新婚之夜，苔丝出于一片忠诚，向克莱尔坦白了自己失身的遭遇，想不到丈夫不仅没有原谅她，反而翻脸无情，独自到了巴西。苔丝被遗弃后，又跑到一家农场做苦工。恰在这时亚雷又突然出现，一再跑来纠缠苔丝。后来家庭发生变故，使得苔丝一家人沦落街头,而克莱尔又杳无音讯的情况下，苔丝只好舍身救家，答应与亚雷同居。谁知克莱尔经过一场磨难，终于回心转意，从巴西回来寻找苔丝。苔丝悔恨交加，怒不可遏的刺死了亚历克。她在逃亡中与丈夫度过了几天幸福生活，最后被捕，并被判处绞刑使悲剧达到了项峰。 关键字： 苔丝、悲剧、社会、命运、性格
Research on Feminism in Jane Eyre Abstract: The thesis makes a thorough analysis of the heroine Jane‘s feminist consciousness by means of the approach of the feminist criticism. It first gives a brief introduction to the definition and connotations of the feminism. Then it deals with the embodiment of the heroine Jane‘s feminist consciousness from three aspects. They are：rebellion of the traditional women‘s image, pursuit of equality and pursuit of the independent personality. Finally it explores the reasons for the formation of Jane‘s feminist consciousness from the rise of the bourgeois democratic reform and her harsh living conditions. Key words: Jane Eyre; feminist consciousness; equality; independent personality 简爱中的女权主义研究 摘要: 本文采用女性主义的批评方法对小说《简爱》中的女主人公简的女性意识进行了全面分析。首先简要地介绍了女性主义的定义和基本内涵；然后,从三个方面论述了女主人公简的女性意识的体现,它们分别是：传统女性形象的反叛,追求平等和人格的独立。最后从资产阶级民主改革的掀起和艰难的生存环境等方面探讨了其女性意识形成的原因。 关键词:：《简爱》；女性意识；平等；独立的人格
高等教育自学考试本科 毕业论文（设计）题目：浅析苔丝人物形象分析 专业：英语教育 学生姓名：王丽珍 准考证号： 216714100021 指导教师：郭晓华 二零一五年四月十日
目录 摘要 (1) 引言 (1) 一、苔丝的纯洁与资产阶级的虚伪 (2) 二、苔丝的善良与宗教的伪善和法律的不公 (3) 三、苔丝的悲剧和自我道德意识 (4) 四、结论 (5) 参考文献 (6)
苔丝的人物形象分析 ———其悲剧的必然性 摘要英国著名作家托玛斯.哈代最伟大的小说《德伯家的苔丝》描写的是贫穷的农家女子苔丝的悲剧性命运。造成小说主人公苔丝悲剧的原因历来为人们所关注。本文将从社会的角度解读苔丝的悲剧。本文认为苔丝的悲剧是在宗法制社会的毁灭与资本主义社会的胜利这一历史演变过程中形成的。苔丝的悲剧是一个纯洁、善良的女子被资产阶级腐朽的伦理道德、伪善的宗教以及不公正的法律制度所毁灭的悲剧；而苔丝自身的资产阶级道德与宗教道德意识也在一定程度上造成了自己的悲剧。此外，苔丝的悲剧还有其它方面的因素。就苔丝本人而言，其源自农家女孩纯洁天性的种种选择往往成为与资本主义社会相违背的超越行为，这种对社会现实的超越导致了苔丝的悲剧。 关键词苔丝形象分析悲剧 Abstract：Tess of the D'urbervilles, the greatest novel of British famous writer Thomas Hardy, describes the misfortune of a poor peasant girl Tess, the cause of which has always been the concern of people. This passage will inquire into the cause of her tragedy from a social point of view. In this passage, we can know the tragedy of Tess takes shape from a social developing procession, in which the traditional society exterminated and the bourgeois society had a victory. Tess's death is a typical representative of the misfortune of the peasants because of the bourgeo is invading. Her miserable life reflects all kinds of sufferings of the impoverished peasants who have to turn workers. Besides, Her tragedy still lies in some other factors. Considering Tess herself, as a pure girl of the peasant nature, her choices go beyond bougeois society, which naturally leads to her tragedy. Key words:Tess；image Analysis；tragedy