2016届辽宁省大连市第八中学高三上学期期中考试英语试题

辽宁省大连市一〇三中学2016-2017学年高一英语上学期期中试题（无答案）考试时间：100分钟总分：120分听力（略）第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项（A）Whether you rely on your bike for transportation or exercise, you’ll enjoy these funfacts on this two-wheeled vehicle.In 1817, Karl von Drais, a German, invented a horseless carriage that would help himget around faster. The two-wheeled, pedalless device moved by pushing your feet againstthe ground. The machine became known as the “draisine”, and led to the creatio n of the modern-day bicycle. The term “bicycle” was not introduced until the 1860s, when it wascoined in France to describe a new kind of two-wheeler with a mechanical drive.Orville and Wilbur Wright, the brothers who built the first flying airplane, operateda small bike repair shop in Dayton, Ohio. They used their workshop to build the 1903 Wright Flyer. Fred A. Birchmore, 25, circled the globe by bicycle in 1935. The entire trip, through Europe, Asia, and the United States, covered 40,000 miles. He pedaled about 25,000 miles.The rest was traveled by boat. He wore out seven sets of tires.In the 1980s, bicycle delivery services developed into an important industry, especially in cities, where the couriers(快递员) earned a reputation(名声) for their high speed and traffic-weaving skills.Americans use their bicycles for less than one percent of all urban trips. Europeansbike in cities a lot more often---in Italy 5 percent of all trips are on bicycle, 30 percent in the Netherlands, and 7 out of 8 Dutch people over age 15 have a bike.The Tour de France is one of the most famous bicycle races in the world. Establishedin 1903, it is considered to be the biggest test of endurance out of all sports. LanceArmstrong, an American cyclist, is the only rider to have won 7 titles after survivingcancer.21. The underlined word “coined” in the second paragr aph can be replaced by __________.A. boughtB. discoveredC. printedD. created22. Who made the most important contribution to the bike?A. Karl von Drais.B. The Wright brothersC. Fred A. Birchmore.D. Lance Armstrong.23. The couriers in the 1980s in the cities preferred the bike because it was __________.A. beautiful and produced no noiseB. a symbol of fashion and wealthC. cheap and could be moved about easilyD. fast and rarely affected by traffic conditions（B）Monkeys are very similar to us in many ways. Most have ten fingers and ten toes, andbrains much like ours. In fact, Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution says that monkey and humans share a common a ncestor. We e njoy watching them because they often act like us, and we also love to use many expressions about monkeys in almost every language. This is whymany monkey expressions are about tricky people or playful acts.Monkeyshine is one of the expressions to show tricks or foolish acts. The meaning isclear if you have ever watched a group of monkeys playfully chasing each other: pullingtails, stealing food, doing tricks.Monkeying around with something means that you do not know what you are doing. Whenyou feel like doing something but have no firm idea of what to do, you are monkeying around. It is just a way to pass the time.Monkey business usually means secret, maybe illegal activities. You may come acrossa new report that there is monkey business involved in building the new airport, with some officials getting secret payments from builders.Monkey suits are common names for clothes or uniforms soldiers wear. In earlier yearsin many American cities, you would find men playing musical band organs on the street.Dancing to the music would be the man’s small monkey that was dressed in a tight-fitting, colorful jacket similar to a military uniform. So, people began to call a military uniforma monkey suit.24. Which of the following is NOT true about the similarities between human and monkey?A. Most monkeys have ten fingers and toes.B. Monkeys have the same brains as humans.C. Monkeys often act like humans in many ways.D. Monkeys are humans’ closest relatives in species.25. According to the passage, an idle(闲散的) wander on the street can be describedas______.A. monkeyshineB. monkeying aroundC. a monkey suitD. monkey business26. Monkey suits are commonly used to call military uniforms because they ______.A. are created particularly for soldiers’ uniforms.B. are originally designed for American soldiers.C. share typical features with military uniforms.D. make American soldiers look like monkeys.27. Most monkey expressions are ______.A. used only in western cultures.B. used on some formal occasions.C. about tricks and naughtiness(淘气).D. about terrible funny behaviors.（C）The decisions that we make shape us throughout our lives. No matter what decisionswe make, good or bad, each one puts us on a new road in the future. Make a bad decision?No problem. Learn from the decision and make another decision to get on a different path.This is advice that I got from Tony Robbins in his book Awaken the Giant Within. This is a book that I recommend to anyone waiting to develop a fire within to make changes in their life. It helped me to understand how fear of making poor choices was hindering me from becoming the great man who I am today. Now I am not saying that I am a well-known personin any particular circle. But I am the king of my castle working hard and trying to makegood decisions in regard to the paths that I have chosen. I am a great man in the eyes ofmy wife and my children. And that is all the recognition that I need in my lifetime. AndI know that my past failures have been the building block that I continue to build my career。

2015—2016学年辽宁省大连八中高三（上）期中数学试卷（文科）一、选择题:本大题共12小题,每小题5分,共60分．在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合要求的．1．已知集合A={x｜x＞1｝，B=｛0，1，2，4｝,则(∁R A)∩B=(）A．｛2,4｝B．{0｝ C．｛0，1} D．∅2．已知a为实数，若复数z=（a2﹣1）+（a+1）i为纯虚数，则的值为(）A．1 B．﹣1 C．i D．﹣i3．已知向量=（3cosα，2)与向量=（3，4sinα）平行，则锐角α等于（）A．B．C．D．4．与函数y=tan（2x+）的图象不相交的一条直线是（）A．x=B．x=C．x=D．x=﹣5．命题“∃x∈R，使x2+ax﹣4a＜0为假命题”是“﹣16≤a≤0”的（）A．充分不必要条件B．必要不充分条件C．充要条件 D．既不充分又不必要条件6．当x＞1时，不等式x+恒成立,则实数a的取值范围是（）A．（﹣∞，2］B．[2，+∞）C．[3，+∞）D．（﹣∞，3]7．设函数f（x)是定义在R上的奇函数，且对任意x∈R都有f（x）=f（x+4）,当x∈(0，2)时，f（x)=2x，则f（2015）+f（2012）的值为（)A．﹣2 B．﹣1 C．D．8．已知正项数列｛a n｝中,a1=1，a2=2，2a n2=a n+12+a n﹣12（n≥2），则a6等于(）A．16 B．8 C． D．49．如图是一个四棱锥的三视图，则该几何体的体积为（）A．B．C．D．10．已知x，y满足条件，则z=的最小值（)A．﹣B．C．D．411．在平面直角坐标系xOy中,设点P为圆C：（x﹣2)2+y2=5上的任意一点，点Q（2a,a+2），其中a∈R，则线段PQ长度的最小值为(）A．B．C． D．12．已知函数f(x)=lnx,g(x）=x2+a（a为常数)，直线l与函数f（x)，g（x）的图象都相切，且l与函数f(x）图象的切点的横坐标为1,则a的值为（）A．1 B．﹣C．﹣1 D．2二、填空题：本大题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分．13．若不等式ax2+5x﹣2＞0的解集是，则不等式ax2﹣5x+（a2﹣1）＞0的解集是．14．在公差为正数的等差数列{a n}中，a10+a11＜0，且a10a11＜0，S n是其前n项和，则使S n 取最小值的n是．15．已知一圆柱内接于球O，且圆柱的底面直径与母线长均为2,则球为O的表面积为．16．椭圆+=1（a＞b＞0)的右焦点F（c,0)关于直线y=x的对称点Q在椭圆上，则椭圆的离心率是．三、解答题:本大题共5小题，共70分，解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤．17．已知数列｛a n}的前n项和为S n，且S n=n2+2n，（n∈N*）求：（1）数列｛a n}的通项公式a n;（2）若b n=a n•3n，求数列｛b n｝的前n项和T n．18．已知在锐角△ABC中，a，b，c为角A，B，C所对的边,且（b﹣2c）cosA=a﹣2acos2．（1)求角A的值；（2）若a=，则求b+c的取值范围．19．如图，在四棱锥P﹣ABCD中,平面PAD⊥平面ABCD，AB∥DC，△PAD是等边三角形,已知AD=4，BD=4，AB=2CD=8．（Ⅰ）设M是PC上的一点,证明:平面MBD⊥平面PAD；（Ⅱ）当M点位于线段PC什么位置时,PA∥平面MBD？（Ⅲ）求四棱锥P﹣ABCD的体积．20．已知抛物线C1：y2=2px（p＞0)的焦点为F，抛物线上存在一点G到焦点的距离为3,且点G在圆C：x2+y2=9上．(Ⅰ）求抛物线C1的方程;（Ⅱ）已知椭圆C2：=1（m＞n＞0)的一个焦点与抛物线C1的焦点重合，且离心率为．直线l:y=kx﹣4交椭圆C2于A、B两个不同的点，若原点O在以线段AB为直径的圆的外部，求k的取值范围．21．已知函数f（x）=e x+2ax．（Ⅰ）当a=1时，求曲线y=f(x）在点（0,1）处的切线方程;（Ⅱ）若函数f（x）在区间［1,+∞）上的最小值为0，求a的值；（Ⅲ)若对于任意x≥0，f（x）≥e﹣x恒成立,求a的取值范围．22-24小题为选做题，考生要将你所选择的题目对应题号填涂好，不填涂默认为第22小题的作答．选修4-1：几何证明选讲22．如图,AB是⊙O的直径，AC是弦,∠BAC的平分线AD交⊙O于D，DE⊥AC交AC延长线于点E，OE交AD于点F．（Ⅰ）求证：DE是⊙O的切线；（Ⅱ)若，求的值．选修4-4:极坐标与参数方程23．在平面直角坐标系中，以坐标原点为极点，x轴的正半轴为极轴建立极坐标系，已知曲线C的极坐标方程为ρsin2θ=acosθ（a＞0），过点P(﹣2，﹣4）的直线l的参数方程为（t为参数），直线l与曲线C相交于A,B两点．（Ⅰ)写出曲线C的直角坐标方程和直线l的普通方程；（Ⅱ）若｜PA｜•｜PB｜=｜AB|2，求a的值．选修4—5：不等式选讲24．(2015秋•大连校级期中）已知m＞1且关于x的不等式m﹣|x﹣2｜≥1的解集为［0，4]．（1）求m的值;(2）若a，b均为正实数，且满足a+b=m，求a2+b2的最小值．2015-2016学年辽宁省大连八中高三(上）期中数学试卷（文科)参考答案与试题解析一、选择题：本大题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合要求的．1．已知集合A=｛x｜x＞1｝，B={0,1，2，4}，则（∁R A）∩B=(）A．｛2，4｝ B．{0} C．｛0，1} D．∅【考点】交、并、补集的混合运算．【专题】集合．【分析】求出∁R A，然后求解所求交集．【解答】解：集合A=｛x｜x＞1｝，则∁R A={x｜x≤1｝．B={0，1，2，4｝，则（∁R A）∩B={0，1｝．故选：C．【点评】本题考查集合的交、并、补的运算,基本知识的考查．2．已知a为实数，若复数z=（a2﹣1)+（a+1）i为纯虚数，则的值为(）A．1 B．﹣1 C．i D．﹣i【考点】复数代数形式的乘除运算．【专题】数系的扩充和复数．【分析】复数z=（a2﹣1)+(a+1）i为纯虚数,可得，解得a．又i4=1，可得i2015=（i4）503•i3=﹣i，代入即可得出．【解答】解:复数z=(a2﹣1）+（a+1）i为纯虚数，∴，解得a=1．又i4=1，∴i2015=（i4)503•i3=﹣i，则====﹣i．故选：D．【点评】本题考查了复数的运算法则,考查了计算能力，属于中档题．3．已知向量=（3cosα，2）与向量=（3,4sinα)平行，则锐角α等于（）A．B．C．D．【考点】平面向量共线(平行）的坐标表示．【专题】三角函数的求值；平面向量及应用．【分析】根据∥，列出方程，求出sin2α=1，再根据α是锐角，求出α的值即可．【解答】解：∵=（3cosα，2），=(3，4sinα）,且∥；∴3cosα•4sinα﹣2×3=0，解得sin2α=1；∵α∈（0,）,∴2α∈(0，π）,∴2α=,即α=．故选：A．【点评】本题考查了平面向量平行的坐标表示，也考查了三角函数的求值问题，是基础题目．4．与函数y=tan（2x+）的图象不相交的一条直线是（）A．x=B．x=C．x=D．x=﹣【考点】正切函数的图象．【专题】函数的性质及应用．【分析】令2x+=kπ+，k∈z，可得x=+,由此可得与函数y=tan（2x+）的图象不相交的直线的方程．【解答】解:令2x+=kπ+，k∈z，可得x=+,结合所给的选项可得应选C，故选C．【点评】本题主要考查正切函数的图象特征，得到2x+=kπ+，k∈z,是解题的关键，属于中档题．5．命题“∃x∈R，使x2+ax﹣4a＜0为假命题”是“﹣16≤a≤0”的（）A．充分不必要条件B．必要不充分条件C．充要条件 D．既不充分又不必要条件【考点】必要条件、充分条件与充要条件的判断；特称命题．【专题】计算题．【分析】命题“∃x∈R，使x2+ax﹣4a＜0为假命题”，等价于命题“∀x∈R，使x2+ax﹣4a≥0为真命题”，故△=a2+16a≤0，由此得到﹣16≤a≤0;由﹣16≤a≤0，知△=a2+16a≤0，故命题“∀x∈R，使x2+ax﹣4a≥0为真命题”，所以命题“∃x∈R,使x2+ax﹣4a＜0为假命题"．由此得到命题“∃x∈R，使x2+ax﹣4a＜0为假命题"是“﹣16≤a≤0"的充要条件．【解答】解：∵命题“∃x∈R，使x2+ax﹣4a＜0为假命题”，∴命题“∀x∈R，使x2+ax﹣4a≥0为真命题”，∴△=a2+16a≤0，∴﹣16≤a≤0，即命题“∃x∈R，使x2+ax﹣4a＜0为假命题”⇒“﹣16≤a≤0”；∵﹣16≤a≤0，∴△=a2+16a≤0，∴命题“∀x∈R，使x2+ax﹣4a≥0为真命题”，∴命题“∃x∈R，使x2+ax﹣4a＜0为假命题”,即命题“∃x∈R,使x2+ax﹣4a＜0为假命题"⇒“﹣16≤a≤0”．故命题“∃x∈R，使x2+ax﹣4a＜0为假命题”是“﹣16≤a≤0”的充要条件．故选C．【点评】本题考查必要条件、充分条件、充要条件的判断和应用，是基础题．解题时要认真审题,仔细解答．6．当x＞1时，不等式x+恒成立，则实数a的取值范围是（）A．（﹣∞，2］B．［2，+∞）C．［3，+∞）D．（﹣∞,3］【考点】基本不等式．【专题】计算题．【分析】由题意当x＞1时，不等式x+恒成立，由于x+的最小值等于3,可得a≤3,从而求得答案．【解答】解：∵当x＞1时，不等式x+恒成立，∴a≤x+对一切非零实数x＞1均成立．由于x+=x﹣1++1≥2+1=3，当且仅当x=2时取等号,故x+的最小值等于3，∴a≤3，则实数a的取值范围是（﹣∞，3］．故选D．【点评】本题考查查基本不等式的应用以及函数的恒成立问题，求出x+的最小值是解题的关键．7．设函数f（x）是定义在R上的奇函数，且对任意x∈R都有f（x)=f（x+4）,当x∈（0，2）时，f（x)=2x,则f(2015）+f（2012）的值为（）A．﹣2 B．﹣1 C．D．【考点】函数奇偶性的性质．【专题】函数的性质及应用．【分析】由于对任意x∈R都有f（x）=f(x+4），则4为f（x)的周期,从而f（2015）+f（2012）=﹣f（4×504﹣1)+f(4×503)=f(﹣1）+f（0）=﹣f（1)，再根据f（x）的奇偶性可得f(0）=0，f（﹣1）=﹣f（1）．【解答】解：由f(x)是定义在R上的奇函数，得f（0）=0,又x∈（0，2）时，f（x）=2x，所以f(1)=2，因为对任意x∈R都有f(x）=f（x+4)，所以4为f （x)的周期，所以f(2015）+f （2012)=﹣f （4×504﹣1)+f （4×503）=f(﹣1）+f （0）=﹣f （1）=﹣2，故选:A【点评】本题考查函数的奇偶性、周期性及函数求值，考查学生综合运用知识分析解决问题的能力，属中档题．8．已知正项数列{a n }中，a 1=1，a 2=2,2a n 2=a n+12+a n ﹣12（n ≥2),则a 6等于（ ） A ．16 B ．8 C ． D ．4【考点】数列递推式．【专题】计算题．【分析】由题设知a n+12﹣a n 2=a n 2﹣a n ﹣12,且数列{a n 2}为等差数列，首项为1，公差d=a 22﹣a 12=3，故a n 2=1+3（n ﹣1）=3n ﹣2,由此能求出a 6．【解答】解：∵正项数列{a n }中,a 1=1，a 2=2,2a n 2=a n+12+a n ﹣12(n ≥2），∴a n+12﹣a n 2=a n 2﹣a n ﹣12，∴数列{a n 2}为等差数列，首项为1,公差d=a 22﹣a 12=3，∴a n 2=1+3（n ﹣1）=3n ﹣2， ∴=16， ∴a 6=4,故选D ．【点评】本题考查数列的递推式的应用，是基础题．解题时要认真审题，注意等差数列的性质和应用．9．如图是一个四棱锥的三视图，则该几何体的体积为（ )A．B．C．D．【考点】由三视图求面积、体积．【专题】计算题；空间位置关系与距离．【分析】根据几何体的三视图，得出该几何体是底面为直角梯形的直四棱锥，结合图中数据求出它的体积．【解答】解：根据几何体的三视图，得该几何体是如图所示的直四棱锥；且四棱锥的底面为梯形，梯形的上底长为1，下底长为4,高为4;所以，该四棱锥的体积为V=S•h=．底面积故选：A．【点评】本题考查了利用空间几何体的三视图求体积的应用问题，是基础题目．10．已知x，y满足条件，则z=的最小值（）A．﹣B．C．D．4【考点】简单线性规划．【专题】不等式的解法及应用．【分析】作出不等式组对应的平面区域,利用目标函数的几何意义进行求解即可．【解答】解：因为z===1+，即为求的最大值问题，等价于求可行域中的点与定点B（﹣3，1）的斜率的最小值，根据可行域可知，点C与点(﹣3，1）的斜率最小，由，解得，即C(3，﹣3），此时k==﹣，则z的最小值为1﹣=，故选：B．【点评】本题主要考查线性规划以及直线斜率的应用，根据分式的特点进行化简是解决本题的关键．11．在平面直角坐标系xOy中，设点P为圆C：（x﹣2）2+y2=5上的任意一点，点Q（2a,a+2),其中a∈R，则线段PQ长度的最小值为(）A．B．C． D．【考点】直线与圆的位置关系;两点间的距离公式．【专题】直线与圆．【分析】根据点Q的坐标可得点Q在直线x﹣2y﹣6=0上，求出圆心(2，0）到直线x﹣2y ﹣6=0的距离，再将此距离减去半径,即得所求．【解答】解：设点Q（x，y)，则x=2a，y=a+2，∴x﹣2y+4=0,故点Q在直线x﹣2y+4=0上．由于圆心(2，0）到直线x﹣2y+4=0的距离为d==,故线段PQ长度的最小值为﹣=，故选:A．【点评】本题主要考查直线和圆的位置关系，点到直线的距离公式，体现了转化的数学思想,属于中档题．12．已知函数f（x）=lnx,g（x)=x2+a(a为常数），直线l与函数f（x)，g（x）的图象都相切，且l与函数f（x）图象的切点的横坐标为1,则a的值为（)A．1 B．﹣C．﹣1 D．2【考点】利用导数研究曲线上某点切线方程．【专题】导数的综合应用．【分析】求出两个函数的导数,利用导数的几何意义，即可得到结论．【解答】解：∵f（x）=lnx，g（x）=x2+a，∴f′（x）=，g′（x)=x，∵l与函数f（x）图象的切点的横坐标为1，∴k=f′（1）=1,又f（1）=0，则切线l的方程为y﹣0=x﹣1，即y=x﹣1，当x=1时，y=1﹣1=0,即切点坐标为（1，0）,∵切点（1，0）也在函数g（x）上，即g（1）=+a=0，解得a=﹣，故选:B【点评】本题主要考查导数的几何意义，根据条件求出对应的切线斜率和切点坐标是解决本题的关键，比较基础．二、填空题：本大题共4小题,每小题5分，共20分．13．若不等式ax2+5x﹣2＞0的解集是，则不等式ax2﹣5x+（a2﹣1）＞0的解集是．【考点】一元二次不等式的应用．【分析】先由二次不等式的解集形式，判断出，2是方程ax2+5x﹣2=0的两个根，利用韦达定理求出a的值，再代入不等式ax2﹣5x+a2﹣1＞0易解出其解集．【解答】解：∵ax2+5x﹣2＞0的解集是，∴a＜0，且，2是方程ax2+5x﹣2=0的两根韦达定理×2=，解得a=﹣2；则不等式ax2﹣5x+a2﹣1＞0即为﹣2x2﹣5x+3＞0，解得故不等式ax2﹣5x+a2﹣1＞0的解集．故答案为：【点评】本题考查的知识点是一元二次不等式的解法,及“三个二次”（三个二次指的是：二次函数，一元二次不等式，一元二次方程）之间的关系，“三个二次"之间的关系及应用是数形结合思想的典型代表．14．在公差为正数的等差数列{a n}中，a10+a11＜0，且a10a11＜0，S n是其前n项和，则使S n 取最小值的n是10．【考点】等差数列的性质．【专题】计算题．【分析】根据a10+a11＜0，且a10a11＜0，利用等差数列的性质得到等差数列{a n｝的前10项都为负数,从第11项开始变为正数,即可求出使S n取最小值的n是10．【解答】解：由a10+a11=2a10+d＜0，且d＞0，得到a10＜0；又a10a11＜0，得到a11＞0，得到等差数列｛a n}的前10项都为负数，从第11项开始变为正数，所以使S n取最小值的n是10．故答案为：10【点评】此题考查学生灵活运用等差数列的性质化简求值，掌握等差数列的前n项和公式,是一道基础题．15．已知一圆柱内接于球O，且圆柱的底面直径与母线长均为2,则球为O的表面积为8π．【考点】球的体积和表面积；球内接多面体．【专题】空间位置关系与距离．【分析】圆柱的底面半径为1,根据底面直径与高相等的圆柱内接于球，确定球的半径,进而可得球的表面积．【解答】解:由题意得，圆柱底面直径为1，球的半径为R，由于底面直径与高相等的圆柱内接于球，则圆柱的轴截面的对角线即为球的直径，即×2=2R，∴R=∴球的表面积=4πR2=8π，故答案为：8π．【点评】本题考查球内接多面体与球的表面积的计算,正确运用公式是关键，属于基础题．16．椭圆+=1(a＞b＞0)的右焦点F(c，0)关于直线y=x的对称点Q在椭圆上，则椭圆的离心率是．【考点】椭圆的简单性质．【专题】圆锥曲线的定义、性质与方程．【分析】设出Q的坐标，利用对称知识，集合椭圆方程推出椭圆几何量之间的关系，然后求解离心率即可．【解答】解:设Q（m,n），由题意可得，由①②可得:m=，n=,代入③可得:,解得e2（4e4﹣4e2+1）+4e2=1，可得,4e6+e2﹣1=0．即4e6﹣2e4+2e4﹣e2+2e2﹣1=0，可得(2e2﹣1）（2e4+e2+1）=0解得e=．故答案为：．【点评】本题考查椭圆的方程简单性质的应用，考查对称知识以及计算能力．三、解答题：本大题共5小题,共70分，解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤．17．已知数列{a n}的前n项和为S n，且S n=n2+2n，(n∈N*）求：（1)数列{a n}的通项公式a n；（2）若b n=a n•3n，求数列｛b n}的前n项和T n．【考点】数列的求和．【专题】等差数列与等比数列．，即可【分析】（1）由,当n=1时，a1=S1=3．当n≥2时，a n=S n﹣S n﹣1得出．（2）由(1)可得，．再利用“错位相减法”与等比数列的前n项和公式即可得出．【解答】解：（1)∵,∴当n=1时,a1=S1=3．（＊）, 显然，当n=1时也满足(＊)式,综上所述,．(2)由（1）可得,．其前n项和①则②①﹣②得，==﹣2n•3n+1，∴．【点评】本题考查了递推关系、“错位相减法"与等比数列的前n项和公式,考查了推理能力与计算能力，属于中档题．18．已知在锐角△ABC中,a，b，c为角A，B,C所对的边，且(b﹣2c）cosA=a﹣2acos2．（1)求角A的值;（2）若a=,则求b+c的取值范围．【考点】正弦定理；三角函数中的恒等变换应用．【专题】解三角形．【分析】（1)在锐角△ABC中，根据条件利用正弦定理可得（sinB﹣2sinC)cosA=sinA（﹣cosB），化简可得cosA=，由此可得A的值．(2）由正弦定理可得==2,可得b+c=2(sinB+sinC）=2sin（B+）．再由，求得B的范围，再利用正弦函数的定义域和值域求得b+c的取值范围．【解答】解：(1）在锐角△ABC中，根据（b﹣2c）cosA=a﹣2acos2，利用正弦定理可得(sinB﹣2sinC）cosA=sinA（﹣cosB),化简可得cosA=,∴A=．（2）若a=，则由正弦定理可得==2，∴b+c=2（sinB+sinC）=2[sinB+sin(﹣B）］=3sinB+cosB=2sin（B+）．由于，求得＜B＜，∴＜B+＜．∴sin（B+）∈（，1］，∴b+c∈（3，2］．【点评】本题主要考查正弦定理的应用，正弦函数的定义域和值域,属于中档题．19．如图,在四棱锥P﹣ABCD中,平面PAD⊥平面ABCD,AB∥DC，△PAD是等边三角形，已知AD=4,BD=4，AB=2CD=8．（Ⅰ）设M是PC上的一点，证明：平面MBD⊥平面PAD；(Ⅱ)当M点位于线段PC什么位置时，PA∥平面MBD？(Ⅲ）求四棱锥P﹣ABCD的体积．【考点】平面与平面垂直的判定；棱锥的结构特征；直线与平面平行的性质．【专题】计算题;证明题；综合题;转化思想．【分析】(Ⅰ）设M是PC上的一点，证明平面MBD内的直线BD垂直平面PAD，即可证明平面MBD⊥平面PAD；（Ⅱ）M点位于线段PC靠近C点的三等分点处,证明PA∥MN，MN⊂平面MBD，即可证明PA∥平面MBD．（Ⅲ）过P作PO⊥AD交AD于O,说明PO为四棱锥P﹣ABCD的高并求出，再求梯形ABCD 的面积，然后求四棱锥P﹣ABCD的体积．【解答】证明：(Ⅰ)在△ABD中，∵AD=4,，AB=8，∴AD2+BD2=AB2．∴AD⊥BD．又∵平面PAD⊥平面ABCD，平面PAD∩平面ABCD=AD,BD⊂平面ABCD,∴BD⊥平面PAD．又BD⊂平面MBD,∴平面MBD⊥平面PAD．(Ⅱ)当M点位于线段PC靠近C点的三等分点处时，PA∥平面MBD．证明如下：连接AC，交BD于点N，连接MN．∵AB∥DC,所以四边形ABCD是梯形．∵AB=2CD,∴CN：NA=1：2．又∵CM：MP=1：2，∴CN：NA=CM：MP，∴PA∥MN．∵MN⊂平面MBD,∴PA∥平面MBD．（Ⅲ）过P作PO⊥AD交AD于O,∵平面PAD⊥平面ABCD,∴PO⊥平面ABCD．即PO为四棱锥P﹣ABCD的高．又∵△PAD是边长为4的等边三角形，∴．在Rt△ADB中，斜边AB边上的高为,此即为梯形ABCD的高．∴梯形ABCD的面积．故．【点评】本题考查棱柱的结构特征，平面与平面垂直的判定，考查学生逻辑思维能力，空间想象能力，以及计算能力，是中档题．20．已知抛物线C1：y2=2px(p＞0）的焦点为F，抛物线上存在一点G到焦点的距离为3，且点G在圆C：x2+y2=9上．（Ⅰ）求抛物线C1的方程;（Ⅱ）已知椭圆C2：=1（m＞n＞0）的一个焦点与抛物线C1的焦点重合，且离心率为．直线l：y=kx﹣4交椭圆C2于A、B两个不同的点，若原点O在以线段AB为直径的圆的外部，求k的取值范围．【考点】直线与圆锥曲线的综合问题;椭圆的简单性质；抛物线的简单性质．【专题】圆锥曲线的定义、性质与方程．【分析】（Ⅰ）设点G的坐标为（x0，y0)，列出关于x0，y0,p的方程组，即可求解抛物线方程．（Ⅱ)利用已知条件推出m、n的关系，设(x1,y1）、B（x2，y2），联立直线与椭圆方程,利用韦达定理以及判别式大于0，求出K的范围，通过原点O在以线段AB为直径的圆的外部，推出，然后求解k的范围即可．【解答】(本小题满分13分）解:（Ⅰ）设点G的坐标为（x0,y0），由题意可知…解得:，所以抛物线C1的方程为：y2=8x…（Ⅱ）由（Ⅰ）得抛物线C1的焦点F（2，0)，∵椭圆C2的一个焦点与抛物线C1的焦点重合∴椭圆C2半焦距c=2，m2﹣n2=c2=4，∵椭圆C2的离心率为,∴,，∴椭圆C2的方程为：…设A（x1,y1）、B（x2，y2），由得(4k2+3）x2﹣32kx+16=0由韦达定理得：,…由△＞0⇒（﹣32k）2﹣4×16(4k2+3）＞0或…①…∵原点O在以线段AB为直径的圆的外部，则，∴===…②由①、②得实数k的范围是或…【点评】本题考查直线与椭圆的位置关系的综合应用，圆锥曲线的综合应用，考查分析问题解决问题的能力．21．已知函数f(x）=e x+2ax．（Ⅰ)当a=1时，求曲线y=f（x）在点（0，1）处的切线方程；(Ⅱ）若函数f(x)在区间［1，+∞）上的最小值为0，求a的值；（Ⅲ）若对于任意x≥0，f（x)≥e﹣x恒成立，求a的取值范围．【考点】利用导数研究曲线上某点切线方程；利用导数求闭区间上函数的最值．【专题】导数的综合应用．【分析】（Ⅰ）由求导公式求出f′（x），由导数的几何意义求出切线的斜率k=f′(0），利用点斜式方程求出切线的方程;（Ⅱ）对a进行分类讨论,当a≥0时f（x）=e x+2ax＞0，不符合题意，当a＜0时,求出f′（x）以及函数的单调区间,再对临界点与1的关系进行分类讨论，分别求出f(x）的最小值，结合条件求出a的值；（Ⅲ）根据不等式构造函数g（x）=e x+2ax﹣e﹣x，求出g′（x）后由基本不等式对a分类讨论，分别求出g（x）的单调区间和最小值，结合恒成立列出不等式，求出a的取值范围．【解答】解:（Ⅰ）当a=1时，f（x）=e x+2x，则f′(x）=e x+2,∴在点（0，1）处的切线斜率为f′（0）=3，所以在点（0，1）处的切线方程为：y﹣1=3x，即3x﹣y+1=0;（Ⅱ）当a≥0时,函数f（x）=e x+2ax＞0，不符合题意．当a＜0时，f′（x)=e x+2a,令e x+2a=0，得x=ln（﹣2a），所以,当x∈(﹣∞，ln(﹣2a））时，f′（x）＜0，函数f（x）单调递减；当x∈（ln（﹣2a）,+∞)时，f′（x）＞0，函数f（x）单调递增．①当ln（﹣2a）≤1,即≤a＜0时，f（x）最小值为f（1）=2a+e．解2a+e=0，得a=,符合题意．②当ln(﹣2a）＞1，即a＜时，f（x）最小值为f[ln（﹣2a）]=﹣2a+2aln（﹣2a）．解﹣2a+2aln（﹣2a）=0,得a=,不符合题意．综上，a=．（Ⅲ）由题意设g（x)=e x+2ax﹣e﹣x,则g′(x）=e x+e﹣x+2a．①当2a≥﹣2，即a≥﹣1时，因为e x+e﹣x≥2,所以g′（x）≥0，（且a=﹣1时，仅当x=0时g′(x）=0）所以g（x）在R上单调递增．又g（0）=0，所以，当a≥﹣1时,对于任意x≥0都有g（x）≥0．②当a＜﹣1时,由g′（x）=e x+e﹣x+2a＜0，得（e x)2+2ae x+1＜0，得，其中且，所以，且，，所以g（x）在(0，）上单调递减．又g(0)=0,所以存在x0∈（0，)，使g（x0）＜0,不符合题意．综上可得，a的取值范围为［﹣1，+∞）．【点评】本题考查导数的几何意义以及切线方程，利用导数研究函数的单调性、最值，恒成立问题的转化,以及分类讨论和转化思想，构造函数法，考查化简、变形能力，综合性强，难度大，属于中档题．22—24小题为选做题,考生要将你所选择的题目对应题号填涂好，不填涂默认为第22小题的作答．选修4—1：几何证明选讲22．如图，AB是⊙O的直径，AC是弦,∠BAC的平分线AD交⊙O于D,DE⊥AC交AC延长线于点E，OE交AD于点F．（Ⅰ）求证:DE是⊙O的切线；（Ⅱ)若,求的值．【考点】圆的切线的判定定理的证明；相似三角形的判定；相似三角形的性质．【专题】证明题．【分析】（Ⅰ）根据OA=OD，得到∠ODA=∠OAD，结合AD是∠BAC的平分线，得到∠OAD=∠DAC=∠ODA，可得OD∥AE．再根据DE⊥AE,得到DE⊥OD，结合圆的切线的判定定理,得到DE是⊙O的切线．（II）连接BC、DB，过D作DH⊥AB于H,因为AB是⊙O的直径,所以在Rt△ACB中，求出，再利用OD∥AE，所以∠DOH=∠CAB，得到Rt△HOD中,=．设OD=5x,则AB=10x，OH=3x，用勾股定理,在Rt△HOD 中算出DH=4x，再在Rt△HAD中,算出AD2=80x2．最后利用△ADE∽△ADB，得到AD2=AE•AB=AE•10x，从而AE=8x，再结合△AEF∽△ODF，得出．【解答】证明:（Ⅰ）连接OD，∵OA=OD,∴∠ODA=∠OAD∵∠BAC的平分线是AD∴∠OAD=∠DAC∴∠DAC=∠ODA，可得OD∥AE…又∵DE⊥AE，∴DE⊥OD∵OD是⊙O的半径∴DE是⊙O的切线．…(Ⅱ）连接BC、DB，过D作DH⊥AB于H,∵AB是⊙O的直径，∴∠ACB=90°,Rt△ABC中，∵OD∥AE，∴∠DOH=∠CAB，∴．∵Rt△HOD中，，∴，设OD=5x，则AB=10x，OH=3x，∴Rt△HOD中，DH==4x，AH=AO+OH=8x, Rt△HAD中，AD2=AH2+DH2=80x2…∵∠BAD=∠DAE，∠AED=∠ADB=90°∴△ADE∽△ADB，可得，∴AD2=AE•AB=AE•10x,而AD2=80x2∴AE=8x又∵OD∥AE,∴△AEF∽△ODF，可得…【点评】本题以角平分线和圆中的垂直线段为载体，通过证明圆的切线和求线段的比，考查了相似三角形的性质、相似三角形的判定、圆的切线的判定定理等知识点，属于中档题．选修4-4：极坐标与参数方程23．在平面直角坐标系中，以坐标原点为极点，x轴的正半轴为极轴建立极坐标系，已知曲线C的极坐标方程为ρsin2θ=acosθ（a＞0)，过点P(﹣2，﹣4)的直线l的参数方程为(t为参数），直线l与曲线C相交于A，B两点．（Ⅰ）写出曲线C的直角坐标方程和直线l的普通方程;（Ⅱ)若｜PA｜•|PB｜=｜AB｜2，求a的值．【考点】参数方程化成普通方程；点的极坐标和直角坐标的互化．【专题】坐标系和参数方程．【分析】(Ⅰ)把曲线C的极坐标方程、直线l的参数方程化为普通方程即可；（Ⅱ)把直线l的参数方程代入曲线C的直角坐标方程中,得关于t的一元二次方程,由根与系数的关系,求出t1、t2的关系式,结合参数的几何意义，求出a的值．【解答】解：（Ⅰ）曲线C的极坐标方程ρsin2θ=acosθ(a＞0)，可化为ρ2sin2θ=aρcosθ(a＞0),即y2=ax（a＞0）；直线l的参数方程为（t为参数），消去参数t，化为普通方程是y=x﹣2；（Ⅱ）将直线l的参数方程代入曲线C的直角坐标方程y2=ax(a＞0）中，得；设A、B两点对应的参数分别为t1，t2，则;∵｜PA|•|PB｜=｜AB|2，∴t1•t2=，∴=+4t1•t2=5t1•t2，即；解得：a=2或a=﹣8（不合题意，应舍去）；∴a的值为2．【点评】本题考查了参数方程与极坐标的应用问题，也考查了直线与圆锥曲线的应用问题，解题时应先把参数方程与极坐标化为普通方程，再解答问题，是中档题．选修4-5：不等式选讲24．（2015秋•大连校级期中）已知m＞1且关于x的不等式m﹣｜x﹣2｜≥1的解集为［0，4］．(1）求m的值;（2）若a，b均为正实数，且满足a+b=m，求a2+b2的最小值．【考点】绝对值不等式的解法．【专题】不等式的解法及应用．【分析】（1)去掉绝对值，求出解集，利用解集为［0，4]，求m的值；（2）利用柯西不等式，即可求a2+b2的最小值．【解答】解：(1）∵不等式m﹣｜x﹣2|≥1可化为|x﹣2｜≤m﹣1,m＞1．…∴1﹣m≤x﹣2≤m﹣1，即3﹣m≤x≤m+1，…∵其解集为[0，4],∴,∴m=3．…（2）由（Ⅰ）知a+b=3，∵（a2+b2）（12+12）≥（a×1+b×1）2=（a+b）2=9，∴a2+b2≥,∴a2+b2的最小值为．…【点评】本题考查不等式的解法,考查柯西不等式，正确运用柯西不等式是关键．。

2019届辽宁大连第八中学高三上学期期中英语试卷【含答案及解析】姓名___________ 班级____________ 分数__________一、阅读理解1. A British shopper, Emma Mumford, who was named “the Coupon(优惠券) Queen” has spent just £350 on a luxury(奢侈) Christmas for her and her family—butgot £2,500 worth of food, drink and presents thanks to coupons and offers.Ms Mumford is a so-called “extreme couponer” and spends hours hunting out the best deals and bargains. She has been preparing for this Christmas since the end of thelast one. Ms Mumford made the huge savings by checking price comparison websites and as a result collected more presents than she needed for Christmas. After sorting out gifts for all of her family, she has even been able to donate £1,000 worth of presents to her local hospital.“It has been so nice to have Christmas sorted and not having to worry about breaking the bank . I wanted to get high quality presents for my family and show that you can do it without spending a fortune. There is a misconception that everyone who does couponing only gets value productsbut through my careful shopping I have managed to purchase designer perfumes(香水), a high-end coffee machine.” she explained.She said “What started as a h obby to help me save money has turned into my life and I am able to run a business helping people save money. I know what it feels like to struggle as my ex-partner had a lot of debtwhich I took on for him. We were in a poor situation where every penny counted. That’s what really inspired me.”She has now turned her bargain-hunting addiction into abusiness where she searches for the best deals and offers tips to the general public through video blogging and her Facebook Page.“I try and show people that it is just a little bit of work in the beginning but it will eventually pay off. One of the best things to do is just to be a bit forward thinking and save throughout the year.”1. What does “breaking the bank” in the third paragraph mean?A. Buying presents of low quality.B. Breaking into the bank.C. Spending more money than you have.D. Taking out money from the bank.2. What really inspired Emma to help people save money?A. Her addiction to bargain-hunting.B. The financial difficulties she shared with her ex-partner.C. The poor situation people around her were going through.D. Her experience of running an unsuccessful business.3. Which of the following can best describe Emma?A. Ambitious and creative.B. Sensitive and determined.C. Brave and lucky.D. Careful and caring.4. How did Emma make the huge savings?A. She compared prices through websites.B. She hunted out bargains in real shops.C. She used coupons and offers worth £3,500.D. She collected more Christmas presents than needed.2. The associates I hired in my bicycle and lawn mower shop like myself were never perfect; however, they were excellent. Working with them as they improved taught me new ways to show forgiveness, understanding, and patience. One day the placement officer asked me to interview a young man who was having trouble finding a job. He told me that David was a little shy, did not talk much and was afraid to go on with interviews. He requested that I give David an interview just for practice. He plainly told David that I had no positions open at the time and the interview was just for practice.When David came in for the interview, he hardly said a word. I told him what we did at the bicycle shop andshowed him around. I told David to keep showing up because the number one thing an employer wanted in an associatewas dependability.David was very quiet (he was evaluated as a slow learner in school). Every ten days or so, for weeks after the interview, David walked into the bicycle shop and stood by the front door. He never said a word, just stood by the door.One day, shortly before Christmas, a large truck came to the shop, packed with 250 new bicycles. It had to be unloaded right away or the driver would leave.It was raining. Some of my workers (without physical limitations) chose not to brave the weather to get into work, so I was short-handed. It seemed everything was going wrong and on top of it, David came in the front doorand just stood there. I looked at him and shouted, “Well, all right! Fill out a time card and help me unload this truck!”David worked for my bicycle shop for eighteen years. He came to work everyday thirty minutes early. He could talk; however, he rarely chose to. He drove my truck and made deliveri es. The customers would praise David, saying, “He doesn’t talk, but he really shows you how to operate a lawn mower!”1. The author finally hired David because________.A. there were no other workers in the shop thenB. he needed someone who was willing to work thenC. David kept showing upD. he realized David was dependable2. We can infer from the last paragraph that_______.A. the author feels lucky to hire DavidB. David has had his character changed through workC. the author prefers David to be more outgoingD. some customers just play jokes on David3. The author gave David an interview to _______.A. find a person who is reliableB. find a part-time worker in needC. give him some practiceD. show sympathy for him4. The author’s tone in describing David is full of ______.A. pity ______________B. wonderC. disappointment________D. appreciation3. The sound of a mosquito can mean trouble in many parts of the world. Thebite of the mosquito can be deadly. The insects carry serious diseases like malaria (疟疾). It is estimated that almost 630,000 people died from malariaand malaria ­ related causes in 2012, and most of these cases were inAfrican countries.In the United States, a group of California scientists are working to develop a more effective and less costlysubstance (物质) to protect people from mosquitoes. The researchers are investigating the sense of smell in mosquitoes. They found the insects use the same receptor for identifying carbon dioxide in human breath as they do for the smellof our skin. Anandasankar Ray, who is leading the investigation, says scientists tested more than a million chemical compounds (化合物) until they found a substancecalled Ethyl Pyruvate. He says Ethyl Pyruvate makes the mosquitoes' receptors inactive. “When we apply Ethyl Pyruvateto a human arm and offer it to hungry mosquitoes in a cage, very few of the mosquitoes are attracted to thehuman arm because only a few of them are able to smellit out,” said Ray.Genevieve Tauxe, a member of the research team, says itwas not easy to find the neurons (神经元) of noble cells that recognize both the smell of human breath and skin. “With the device used to examine the mosquito, we areable to insert a very small electrode (电极) into the part of the mosquito's nose, where its smelling neurons are and where the smell is happening,” said Tauxe.Anandasankar Ray says a product based on Ethyl Pyruvate may cost less to produce than DEFT, the most effective chemical treatment now in use. He says DEFT is too costly formost people who live in areas affected by malaria.“Perhaps by finding smells that can attack other target receptors, we willbe able to improve upon DEFT and finally have the next generation of insect behaviour control products,” said Ray.1. The underlined word in the second paragraph probably means ________.A. a substance that protects people from mosquitoesB. a piece of equipment that sends signalsC. a device that reacts to lightD. a sense organ that reacts to changes2. According to the passage, Ethyl Pyruvate can ________.A. kill the mosquitoes' smelling neuronsB. cause the mosquitoes to lose their senses of smellC. result in the inactiveness of the mosquitoes' receptorsD. make the mosquitoes uninterested in human breath and skin smell3. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Ethyl Pyruvate—an Insect Behaviour Control ProductB. Malaria—a Serious Disease Causing 630,000 DeathsC. Scientists Find a New Substance to Fight MosquitoesD. A New Generation of DEET Has Been Developed to Kill Mosquitoes4. This passage most probably appears in ________.A. a textbook of medical schoolsB. a collection of doctors' essaysC. the column of newspaper adsD. the health column of a magazine4. A 17-year-old boy, caught sending text messages in class, was recently sent to the vice principal's office at Millwood High School in Halifax, Nova Scotia. The vice principal, Steve Gallagher, told the boy he needed to focus on the teacher, not his cellphone. The boy listened politely and nodded, and that's when Mr. Gallagher noticed the student's fingers moving on his lap. He was texting while being scolded for texting. “It was a subconscious act ,” says Mr. Gallagher, who took the phone away. “Young people t oday are connected socially from the moment they open their eyes in the morning until they close their eyes at night. It's compulsive.”A study this year by psychology students at CovenantCollege in Lookout Mountain, Ga., found that the more time young people spend on Facebook, the more likely they areto have lower grades and weaker study habits. Heavy Facebook users show signs of being more sociable, but they are also more likely to be anxious, hostile or depressed. (Doctors, meanwhile, are now blaming addictions to 'night texting' for disturbing the sleep patterns of teens.)Almost a quarter of today's teens check Facebook more than 10 times a day, according to a 2009 survey by Common Sense Media, a nonprofit group that monitors media's impacton families. Will these young people get rid of this habitonce they enter the work force, or will employers come to see texting and 'social-network checking' as accepted parts of the workday?Think back. When today's older workers were in their 20s, they might have taken a break on the job to call friends and make after-work plans. In those earlier eras, companies discouraged non-business-related calls, and someone who made personal calls all day risked being fired. It was impossible to imagine the constant back-and-forth texting that defines interactions among young people today.Educators are also being asked by parents, students and educationalstrategists to reconsider their rules. “In past generations, students got in trouble for passing notes in class. Now students are skilled at texting with their phones still in their pockets,” says 40-year-old Mr. Gallagher, thevice prin cipal, “and they're able to communicate with someone one floor down and three rows over. Students are just fundamentally different today. Theywill take suspensions rather than give up their phones.”1. The underlined word “a subconscious act” refers to a n act __________.A. on purposeB. without realizationC. in secretD. with care2. Mr. Gallagher reminds us that the students in the past and those today_________.A. like to break rules and have the same means ofsending messagesB. are always the big problem for the educators and their parentsC. like sending text messages but those today do it ina more secret and skillful wayD. cannot live without a cellphone3. What’s the best title of the passage?A. Teenagers and CellphonesB. Teenagers’ Texting AddictionC. Employers and TeenagersD. Teenagers’ Education二、七选五5. 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020-2021学年大连第八中学高三英语期中考试试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AWelcome to join our Summer Youth Language Program to improve English language skills, make new friends worldwide. and have a good time here! The program capacity is limited, so if you are interested, you should register as soon as possible.Dates andCostsAll programs require a $ 100 nonrefundable deposit (不退还的押金)to reserve a spot in the program.June 15—July 16 5-week program：( $ 1920)July 20—August 20 5-week program：( $ 1920)June 15—August 20 10-week program：( $ 3620)You can also study with us for shorter periods. 4-week programs cost $ 1580 tuition and 3-week programs cost $ 1240.DiscountsThere is a 10% discount for each additional family member!Appropriate AgesRecommended Ages：14 and olderRestrictions：Students who are younger than 16 must have a parent or guardian with them.Program ScheduleIn the morning, you will join the all-aged Intensive English classes from 9：00 am to 2：00 pm, Monday to Thursday, where they can meet other students from worldwide. In the afternoonfrom 2 to 3 pm, we will have fun after-school activities, like soccer in the Park, visit toScienceMuseumand story writing competition.Items Students Should BringClothes：Shirts, a jacket, long pants ,a swimsuit and comfortable shoes, etc.Other personal items：Camera phone? plug adapter, photos of friends/family.Study materials：Notebooks, pens, and pencils.Airport Safe Items：Don't bring foods and snacks, or they'll be charged before you board the airport.1. How much will be charged if you and your brother join in a 3-week program?A. $ 1920,B. $ 2356.C. $3002.D. $ 3620.2. What will participants do at 2：30 pm on Monday?municate with foreign students.B. Attend intensive English classes.C. Join in some interesting activities.D. Talk with their parents on the phone.3. Why should students avoid bringing foods and snacks?A. To save space for their luggage.B. To protect the environment.C. To avoid any unwanted fees.D. To follow the rules of the airport.BLast year, 138,000San Franciscoresidents used Airbnb, a popular app designed to connect home renters and travelers. It’s a striking number for a city with a population of about 850,000, and it was enough for Airbnb to win a major victory in local elections, asSan Franciscovoters struck down a debatable rule that would have placed time restrictions and other regulations on short-term rental services.The company fiercely opposed the measure, Proposition F, with a nearly $10 million advertising campaign. It also contacted its San Franciscan users with messages urging them to vote against Proposition F.Most people think of Airbnb as a kind of couch-surfing app. The service works for one-night stays on road trips and longer stays in cities, and it often has more competitive pricing than hotels. It’s a textbook example of the “sharing economy”, but not everyone is a fan.The app has had unintended consequences inSan Francisco. As the San Francisco Chronicle reported last year, a significant amount of renting on Airbnb is not in line with the company’s image: middle-class families putting up a spare room to help make ends meet. Some users have taken advantage of the service, using it to turn their multiple properties into vacation rentals or even full-time rentals. Backers of Proposition F argued that this trend takes spaces off the conventional, better-regulated housing market and contributes to rising costs.“The fact is, widespread abuse of short-term rentals is taking much needed housing off the market and harming our neighborhoods,” said ShareBetter SF, a group that supported Proposition F. Hotel unions have protested the company’s practices inSan Franciscoand other cities, saying that it creates an illegal hotel system.San Franciscois in the middle of a long-term, deeply rooted housing crisis that has seen the cost of living explode. Actually, explode is a generous term. The average monthly rent for an apartment is around $4, 000. Located on a narrow outcropping of land overlooking the bay,San Franciscosimply doesn’t have enough space to accommodate the massive inflow of young, high-salaried tech employees flocking toSilicon Valley.As the Los Angeles Times reported, someSan Franciscoresidents supported the measure simply because itseemed like a way to check a big corporation. Opponents of Proposition F countered that the housing crisis runs much deeper, and that passing the rule would have discouraged a popular service while doing little to solve the city’s existing problems.4. The intention of Proposition F is to ________.A. place time limits in local election.B. set limits on short-term rental.C. strike down a controversial rule.D. urge users to vote against Airbnb.5. What is the negative consequence of Airbnb onSan Francisco?A. It shrinks the living space of middle-class families.B. Users are taken advantage of by the service financially.C. It makes the house market more competitive.D. It indirectly leads to high house rental price.6. The housing crisis inSan Franciscoresults from ________.A. explosion of the living costB. its geographic characteristicsC. generosity of local enterprisesD. inflow of migrant population7. Theauthor’s attitude toward Proposition F is ________.A. objectiveB. supportiveC. negativeD. indifferentCMichele Gentile, an Italian bookseller, is offering free books to children in exchange for plastic bottles to recycle.Michele owns Ex Libris Cafe in Polla，a small town in southern Italy. He said he thought of the recycling program, because he wanted to inspire children in the small town to read and pay attention to the environment.''My goal is to spread the passion and love for books among those people in Italy who do not usually read while at the time helping the environment," Gentile explained.The idea for the initiative (倡议) came after Gentile collaborated with a nearby middle school on an aluminum recycling project. Working together, the schoolchildren and Gentile collected enough cans to purchase books for an entire classroom. His new program too off from there and has already spread into northern Italy: Gentile's hopes his work will continue to make headlines and become a worldwide initiative.The free books come from customers in Gentile's shop who have donated money to purchase a ''suspended" book. The idea comes from a World War II practice in which customers would buy two Coffees: one for themselvesand another for the next person in line. Gentile has been using the extra books as part of his recycling initiative, While Gentile's program is a great way to recycle and get kids to read, it also brings awareness to the growing problem of plastic waste. Single-use plastics make up around 26 percent of all the plastics in the world, only 14 percent of which are recycled. Plastics that end up in landfills take around 500 years to decompose (分解),is a major concern for environmentalists.Cutting down on plastic waste is important if we want to better the environment for future generations, and recycling programs like Gentile's book giveaway are a great way to meet that goal.8. What is the purpose of Gentile's book giveaway?A. To sell more coffee and books.B. To attract more customers.C. To collect money for a new project.D. To inspire reading and recycling.9. How did Gentile come up with the idea?A. Working with a school to recycle cans.B. Seeing school kids don't like reading.C. Donating books for a local school.D. Buying a “suspended” book for a child.10. Who pay for the books of the project?A. The local government.B. Gentile himself.C. Some publishers.D. His customers.11. Whichof the following is the best title for the text?A. An Italian's Reading InitiativeB. Recycling Can Get Kids Free BooksC. Michele's Way of Doing BusinessD. A New Way to Deal with Plastic WasteDRecently, I read about a promotion from a home builder in San Diego where consumers (消费者) could buy a 4,000 square foot house for $1.6 million and get a smaller home bythe developer valued at $400 thousand for free. This sounds like a fantastic deal, but I am alwayswary ofany promotion labeled (给……加标签) with“buy one get one free”, and here is why.Oftentimes, “buy one get one free” ends up being “buy two at the regularprice”. For example, I often see “buy one get one free” ads for orange juice at the supermarket, but the first box always costs over $5.00. At the same time, the juices not in the promotion are selling for $2.50 to $2.99 a box.Another problem with “buy one get one free” is that oftentimes you do not need the second item. I only consume one gallon of milk every two weeks. If I were talked into buying a second gallon in a “buy one get one free” promotion, then the second gallon would go bad before I have time to consume it. That creates wasteinstead of savings.In the case of theSan Diegodeveloper, so far they have received one offer on their expensive houses, but the buyer does not want the cheaper house for free. Instead, he wants the value of the smaller home taken away from his purchase price. I think this guy is quite wise because he saw right through the marketing of “buy one get one free”.Finally, it is up to you to see how much you need and how much you are willing to spend. Knowing the regular price of things also helps you in deciding whether a “buy one get one free” promotion is truly a great deal.12. What does the underlined part “wary of” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A. annoyed atB. careful aboutC. familiar withD. puzzled about13. Why does the author mention milk in Paragraph 3?A. To show that there are many promotions of food.B.To suggest that people think twice before they shop.C. To prove that the second item isn’t always as good as the first one.D. To show that people often buy more than they need in the promotion.14. What does the house buyer want to do?A. Buy the smaller house only.B. Get the smaller house for free.C. Buy the larger house for $1.2 million.D. Buy both the larger and smaller houses for $2 million.15. How does the author organize the text?(P: Paragraph)A. B. C. D.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020-2021学年大连市第八中学高三英语期中试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ALost cities that have been foundThe White CityIn 2015, a team of explorers to Honduras in search of"the Lost City of the Monke God"led to the discovery of the White City. They found the ruins in the Mosquitia region of the Central American country which is known for poisonous snakes, vicious jaguars and deadly insects. It is believed that local people hid here when the Spanish conquerors(征服者) occupied their homeland in the16th century.Canopus and HeracleionModern researchers were teased by the ancient writings about the Egyptian cities Canopus and Heracleion-where Queen Cleopatra often visited. But the cities weren’t found until 1992, when a search in Alexandria waters found that the two cities had been flooded for centuries. Artifacts(史前器物) showedthat the cities once highly developed as a trade network, which helped researchers piece together more about the last queen of Egypt. Machu PicchuA Yale professor discovered "the Lost City in the Clouds"in 1911. A combination of palaces, plazas, temples and homes, Machu Picchu displays the Inca Empire at the height of its rule. The city, which was abandoned in the 16th century for unknown reasons,was hidden by the local people from the Spanish conquerors for centuries keeping it so well preserved.TroyThe ancient city of Troy in homer's The Iliad was considered a fictional setting for his characters to run wild. But in 1871, explorations in northwestern Turkey exposed nine ancient cities layered (层叠) on top of each other, the earliest dating back to about5,000 years before. It was later determined that the sixth or seventh layer contained the lost city of Troy and that it was actually destroyed by an earthquake, not a wooden horse.1.Why did people hide in the White City in the 16th century?A.To survive the warB.To search for a lost city.C.To protect their country.D.To avoid dangerous animals2.Which of the following was related to a royal family member?A.The White CityB.Canopus and HeracleionC.Machu PicchuD.Troy3.What can we learn about Troy?A.It was built by Homer.B.It consisted of nine citiesC.It had a history of 5,000 yearsD.It was ruined by a natural disaster.BIf you ever find yourself trapped in the wilderness without food, you'llhave to figure out how to feed yourself. Many plants in the wild areedible, but many are also poisonous. So it is necessary to learn how to determine whether the plants you find can be eaten safely.Avoid using this method without careful planning. Some plants can be deadly, and even if you follow these guidelines perfectly, there is always a chance that a plant will make you seriously ill. Prepare yourself for wilderness outings by learning about the local plants, and carry a guidebook to help you identify plants. Even if you are unprepared and cannot find food you know to be safe, remember that, depending on your activity level, the human body can go for days without food, and you’re better off being hungry than being poisoned.Testing the plant in your mouth is dangerous, so go forward very slowly and carefully. First, hold a small portion of the prepared plant part against your lip for 3 minutes. Do not put the plant in your mouth. If you notice any burning, tingling (刺痛), or other reactions, discontinue testing. Second, place another small portion of the plant part on your tongue. Hold the plant on your tongue without chewing for 15 minutes. Discontinue testing if you notice any reaction. Third, chew the plant and holdit in your mouth for 15 minutes. Chew the plant well, and do not swallow. Discontinue testing if you notice any reaction. Fourth, swallow the small portion of the plant. Wait 8 hours. Do not eat or drink anything during this period except purified water. If you feel sick, immediately throw up what you eat and drink plenty of water. If activated charcoal (活性炭) is available, take that with the water.4. What’s the meaning of the underlined world “edible” in paragraph 1?A. Suitable for using as food.B. Widely spread.C. Existing in large quantities.D. Not widely known.5. What can we know from paragraph 2?A. Planning is unnecessary when using the method.B. Not all plants in the wild can serve as food generally.C. Suffering hunger can be more dangerous than testing plants.D. Following the method perfectly can ensure safety.6. Which is the correct order of testing plants in the mouth?① wait and see ② chew it in the mouth③ put it on the tongue④ put it against lips ⑤ swallow itA. ③④②①⑤B. ④③②①⑤C. ③④②⑤①D.④③②⑤①7. Where might the passage come from?A. A student’s diary.B. A science report.C. A guide book for camping.D. A doctor’ s notebook.CTo Rehan Staton, his childhood was a life of privilege — loving parents, a supportive big brother and a pleasant, private school education. Everything changed when his mother left the country and his father lost his job.He had to sleep with a heavy jacket on when it was cold. He was always hungry. He said he couldn't concentrate at school and would sleep during class. He went from straight. As to near the bottom of his class. A teacher told him he needed special education, which made him hate school.Staton spent his high school years as an excellent athlete, raining to become a professional boxer. He had won a lot of martial arts competitions.But a tragedy struck him in his senior year when Staton suffered serious tendonitis (肌腱炎), in both shoulders. He couldn’t lift either arm for months. His dream of becoming a professional player failed. He struggled to apply to colleges but was refused byall of them.Staton’s body slowly recovered from martial arts and he got a job as a rubbish collector. Many co-workers couldn't help but ask him a simple question, “What are you doing here? You’re smart. You are too young to be here. Go to college.” It was the first time someone outside his family had spoken highly of his intelligence. It was the co-workers thatem enedhim to return to school.Several co-workers put Staton in touch with a professor atBowieStateUniversity. The professor was impressed with their conversation and persuaded the admissions board to change its former decision.Going to college forced Staton’s older brother, Reggie, to drop out. They both knew someone had to be working full time along with their dad. It was a decision Reggie made on his own.After receiving a 4.0, Staton succeeded in becoming a student at theUniversityofMaryland. But he still had a long way to go to attend Harvard Law eventually...8. What finally changed Rehan Staton’s happy childhood?A. His brother’s losing the job.B. His serious health problem.C. His father’s sudden death.D. His mother’s leaving the country.9. What does the underlined word “em ened” in the fourth paragraph mean?A. Force.B. Direct.C. Encourage.D. Accompany.10. Why did Staton’s elder brother have to drop out of school?A. He wanted his brother to study further.B. His father asked him to leave school.C. He had lost interest in most lessons.D. He had to go out to find his mother.11. What will the writer mainly talk about next?A. What Rehan Staton planned to do after entering Harvard.B. How Rehan Staton managed to be admitted to Harvard.C. Why Rehan Staton decided to choose to go to Harvard.D. When Rehan Staton would be successful in Harvard Law.DNew Yorkis among the slowest cities during rush hour in the world, according to a report published in January. Crossing midtown by car is soul-destroying. The average speed is 4.7 miles per hour, not much quicker than a quick walk. But relief is in sight. On April 1st, state lawmakers agreed to introduce road charges, makingNew Yorkthe first big American city to do so. By next year vehicles will have to pay to enterManhattansouth of60th Street.The details of the new rule, including how much drivers will have to pay, how they will pay and how often they will pay, haveyet to be decided. A “traffic mobility review board" will be set up to work all this out. NewYorkers living in the fee zone who make less than $60,000 a year will be exempt (获豁免) . Other drivers, including motorcyclists, the city' s civil servants, disabled drivers and the trucking industry, all want discounts or exemptions, which might not be a good sign.If done right, road pricing could be expanded beyondManhattan.New Yorkcan learn from other cities.Singapore, for instance, which has had pricing for decades, adjusts prices regularly. It can also learn from mistakes.London, which rolled out its pricing in 2003, is only starting to charge on-demand car hires like Uber. Stockholm exempted too many vehicles, which caused a drop in revenues (收入) .Other cities considering road charges, includingLos Angeles, Philadelphia Portland,San FranciscoandSeattle, are watchingNew York. "We really have t1o make a good example," says Nicole Gelinas of the Manhattan Institute, aNew Yorkthink tank.12. What does the report find?A.New Yorkhas terrible road traffic.B.New Yorkoften introduces new laws.C. New Yorkers prefer walking to driving.D. New Yorkers face an increased cost of living.13. What can be inferred about the new rule from paragraph 2?A. It faces some potential problems.B. It has clear and detailed fee standards.C. It favors New Yorkers living in the fee zone.D. It fails to win a traffic mobility review board s approval.14. What doLondonandStockholmhave in common?A. They learn a lot fromSingapore.B. They have greatly increased revenues.C. They charge on-demand car hires heavily.D. They are bad examples of placing road charges.15. What is the best title for the text?A. How much does it cost to drive intoManhattan?B.New Yorkapproves road pricing forManhattanC. Drivers fear crossingManhattansouth of60th StreetD. Who will be exempt from road charges inManhattan?第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

本试卷满分100分考试时间90分钟可能用到的原子量：H 1 S 32 O 16 Fe 56 Cu 65 Zn 65 Ba 137选择题（单选题1--10题每题2分，11--18题每题3分，共44分）1．化学与生产、生活密切相关。

下列叙述错误的是( )A．光导纤维遇强碱会“断路”B．从海带中提取碘的过程涉及氧化还原反应C．钠可把钛、锆、铌、钽等金属从其熔融卤化物里还原出来D．绿色化学的核心是应用化学原理对环境污染进行治理【答案】D考点：与生产、环境、生活相关的化学知识2．下列实验不能．．达到目的的是（）A．向25mL沸水中滴加5-6滴稀的FeCl3溶液制备氢氧化铁胶体B．只用少量水就可鉴别Na2CO3和NaHCO3固体C．用FeSO4、NaOH和盐酸等试剂在空气中可以制备纯净的FeCl3溶液D．用NaOH溶液和盐酸可除去MgCl2溶液中混有的AlCl3【答案】A【解析】试题分析：A．向25ml沸水中滴加饱和FeCl3溶液，制备氢氧化铁胶体，不能达到目的；B.碳酸钠溶解度大于碳酸氢钠，可以分别向等量水中加入等质量的碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠，碳酸钠溶解的质量大，可鉴别；C．FeSO4和NaOH反应生成氢氧化亚铁，氢氧化亚铁在空气中被氧化为氢氧化铁，氢氧化铁和盐酸反应生成氯化铁，能达到目的；D．加入过量碱溶液，可分别生成偏铝酸钠和氢氧化镁，过滤后与盐酸反应生成MgCl2，可以除去。

考点：考查实验操作3．已知Fe3+、Fe2+、NO3－、NH4+、H+和H2O六种微粒属于一个氧化还原反应中的反应物和生成物。

下列叙述中不正确．．．的是（）A．还原产物为NH4+B．氧化剂与还原剂的物质的量之比为1∶8C．Fe3+和Fe2+分别属于反应物和生成物D．若把该反应设计为原电池，则负极反应为Fe2+－e- = Fe3+【答案】C【考点定位】氧化还原反应的计算【名师点睛】氧化还原反应是中学化学的一条主线，贯穿于中学化学的始终，是中学化学的重要基础内容，涉及面广，一定要紧扣概念，理顺关系，正确分析元素化合价及其变化情况，要反复训练，以达到准确掌握和灵活运用知识的目的。

2015—2016学年度上学期期中考试高三年级数学(文)试卷命题人：陈浩校对人：张海燕第I 卷一、选择题：本大题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合要求的。

1．已知集合}1{>=x x A ，}4,2,1,0{=B ，则B A C R )(= A ．}4,2{ B ．}0{ C ．}1,0{ D ．∅2．已知a 为实数，若复数2(1)(1)z a a i =-++为纯虚数，则20151a i i++的值为（）A ．1B ．-1C ．iD ．i - 3．已知向量)2,cos 3(α=→a 与向量)sin 4,3(α=→b 平行，则锐角α等于（）A ．4π B ．6π C ．3πD ．125π 4．与函数)42tan(π+=x y 的图像不相交的一条直线是（）A ．2π=xB ．4π=xC ．8π=x D ．2π-=x5．命题“存在04,2<-+∈a ax x R x 使，为假命题”是命题“016≤≤-a ”的（）A ．充要条件B ．必要不充分条件C ．充分不必要条件D ．既不充分也不必要条件 6．当x>1时，不等式x+11-x ≥a 恒成立，则实数a 的取值范围是（） A ．（－∞,2] B ．[2,+∞） C ．[3,+∞） D ．（－∞,3]7．设函数)(x f 是定义在R 上的奇函数，且对任意R x ∈都有)4()(+=x f x f ，当)2,0(∈x 时，x x f 2)(=，则(2015)(2012)f f +的值为（）A ．2-B ．1-C ．12D ．328．已知正项数列{}n a 中，11=a ，22=a ，222112(2)n n n a a a n +-=+≥，则6a 等于 A ．16 B ．8 C ．22 D ．49．如图是一个四棱锥的三视图,则该几何体的体积为（） A.403B.323C.163D.28310．已知x ，y 满足条件⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧≤≥+≥+-3005x y x y x ，则32+++=x y x z 的最小值（）A ．23-B ．13C ．136 D ．411．在平面直角坐标系xOy 中，设点P 为圆C ：22(2)5x y -+=上的任意一点，点Q (2,2)a a +，其中R a ∈，则线段PQ 长度的最小值为（）A D12．已知函数()12()ln ,(2f x xg x x a a ==+为常数），直线l 与函数()(),f x g x 的图像都相切，且l 与函数()f x 的图像的切点的横坐标为1，则a 的值为（）A ．1B ．1-C ．12- D ．2 第II 卷本卷包括填空题和解答题两部分，请考生根据要求作答二、填空题：本大题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分。

辽宁省大连八中2016届高三上学期期中生物试卷一、选择题(每题1分，共45分）1．下列有关元素和化合物的叙述正确的是(）A．淀粉是植物细胞壁的主要成分，其基本组成单位是葡萄糖B．多糖、蛋白质、核酸等物质形成过程中都要脱去水分子C．糖类、蛋白质、核酸都具有的元素是C、H、O、ND．在新陈代谢旺盛的细胞中结合水含量一般较多2．恩格尔曼把载有水绵和好氧细菌的装片放在无空气的黑暗环境中，用极细的光束照射水绵的不同部位，如图所示．好氧细菌将会集中在水绵的部位是（）A．A B．B C．C D．D3．下列关于细胞呼吸过程中［H]的叙述,正确的是()A．全部来自于葡萄糖 B．全部在线粒体中产生C．可在叶绿体中起作用D．可用于还原O24．下列叙述中，不属于RNA功能的是(）A．具有生物催化功能 B．作为某些病毒的遗传物质C．细胞质中的遗传物质D．参与蛋白质的合成5．下列有关生物膜系统的说法中,正确的是()A．口腔黏膜、小肠黏膜等属于生物膜系统B．生物界中的生物都具有生物膜系统C．生物膜的组成成分和结构完全一样D．内质网膜可内连核膜、外连细胞膜6．在生物体的下列生理活动过程中,没有ADP生成的是（)A．浆细胞合成分泌抗体B．血糖进入红细胞C．叶绿体基质C3的还原D．神经细胞对K+的吸收7．下列关于细胞核的叙述正确的是（)A．细胞核是细胞代谢和遗传的控制中心B．观察细胞分裂中期可看到核膜、核仁和染色体C．DNA、RNA可以通过核孔进出细胞核D．细胞核内的液体叫细胞液8．下列有关细胞不能无限生长的原因中,错误的是（)A．细胞表面积与体积的关系限制了细胞的生长B．细胞核中的DNA不会随细胞体积的扩大而增加C．细胞体积越大，物质运输效率相对越低D．细胞体积越大，物质运输效率相对越高9．下列糖类中属于二糖且通过斐林试剂检测有砖红色沉淀产生的是（)A．蔗糖 B．葡萄糖C．果糖 D．麦芽糖10．叶绿体的DNA能指导自身小部分蛋白质在叶绿体内的合成．下列叙述中错误的是（) A．叶绿体DNA能够转录B．叶绿体DNA是遗传物质C．叶绿体内存在核糖体D．叶绿体功能不受细胞核调控11．如图为嗅细胞的细胞膜亚显微结构模式图，下列叙述不正确的是（）A．①②为糖蛋白，是识别气味分子的受体B．①为多肽，其基本组成单位是氨基酸C．③为磷脂双分子层，是细胞膜的基本骨架D．气味分子与嗅细胞膜上受体的结合具有特异性12．下列有关酶的叙述,正确的是（）A．高温和低温均破坏酶的结构使其失活B．酶均是活细胞产生并具有催化作用的蛋白质C．降低反应活化能是酶具有高效性的原因D．大多数酶对底物没有严格的选择性13．下列关于细胞周期的叙述，正确的是（）A．成熟的生殖细胞产生后立即进入下一个细胞周期B．机体内所有的体细胞处于细胞周期中C．抑制DNA的合成，细胞将停留在分裂期D．细胞分裂间期为细胞分裂期提供物质基础14．美国科学家鲁宾和卡门用18O分别标记H2O和CO2中的氧，证明了光合作用（）A．制造了有机物 B．利用了根系吸收的水分C．释放的氧气来自H2O D．释放的氧气来自CO215．下列有关ATP的叙述，正确的是（）A．ATP分子由一个腺嘌呤和3个磷酸基组成B．蓝藻细胞产生ATP的主要场所是线粒体C．一个ATP分子含有三个高能磷酸键D．ATP是光合作用光反应产物之一16．将一株生长正常的绿色植物置于密闭的玻璃容器内，在适宜条件下光照培养,随培养时间的延长，玻璃容器内CO2浓度可出现的变化趋势是（）A．一直降低，直至为零B．一直保持稳定,不变化C．降低至一定水平时保持相对稳定D．升高至一定水平时保持相对稳定17．下列关于细胞全能性的叙述，不正确的是（）A．具有全部遗传信息是细胞全能性的基础B．是指细胞具有分裂分化成完整个体的潜能C．细胞全能性随着细胞分化程度增高而降低D．种子萌发成幼苗体现了植物细胞全能性18．下列各项利用了细胞呼吸原理的是(）①真空包装水果可延长保存期②酸奶的制作③利用葡萄、粮食和酵母菌酿酒④温室大棚适当增加二氧化碳、肥料提高光合速率．A．②③④ B．①②③ C．①③D．①③④19．下列关于动物细胞编程性死亡的叙述，不正确的是（）A．细胞坏死不属于细胞编程性死亡B．细胞编程性死亡属于正常生理现象C．细胞编程性死亡与基因表达有关D．细胞编程性死亡属于细胞分化过程20．假如你在研究中发现一种新的单细胞生物,且需对该生物进行分类．则下列特征一般不会在分类中采用的是（)①核膜的有无②核糖体的有无③细胞壁的有无④膜上磷脂的有无．A．①③B．②④C．①④D．②③21．运用植物细胞质壁分离的原理，可测试田间作物的细胞液浓度,在此测试中，实验自变量是（）A．制备的系列浓度梯度的检测液B．作物的细胞液浓度C．作物细胞质壁分离状态D．一定的环境温度或其他气候数据22．关于细胞分化、衰老、凋亡、癌变的叙述中，错误的是（）A．细胞分化导致细胞中的遗传物质逐渐减B．衰老细胞多种酶活性降低，呼吸速率减慢C．胎儿发育过程中指间细胞的自动死亡属于细胞凋亡D．癌细胞表面糖蛋白减少，导致癌细胞易分散和转移23．下列哪项能说明某细胞已经发生了分化？（）A．进行ATP的合成B．进行mRNA的合成C．合成胰岛素D．存在血红蛋白基因24．如图为某高等生物细胞某种分裂的两个时期的结构模式图，a、b表示染色体片段．下列关于两图叙述错误的是（）A．图1细胞处在减数第二次分裂中期,此时期没有遗传物质复制B．两图说明分裂过程中可能发生基因重组C．同源染色体上等位基因的分离不发生在两图所处的分裂时期D．若两图来源于同一个卵原细胞，且图2是卵细胞，则图1是次级卵母细胞25．红花蚕豆栽培园中偶然发现了一株开黄花的蚕豆植株，推测该黄花表现型出现是花色基因突变的结果．为确定推测是否正确，应检测和比较黄花植株与红花植株中（）A．花色基因的DNA序列B．花色基因的碱基组成C．细胞的DNA含量D．细胞的RNA含量26．下列不属于染色体变异的是(）A．由于第5号染色体短臂缺失引起的猫叫综合症B．由于多一条第21号染色体而引起的先天性愚型C．由于同源染色体之间交换了对应部分而引起的变异D．由普通小麦和黑麦培育形成八倍体小黑麦27．在肺炎双球菌的转化实验中，在培养有R型细菌的1、2、3、4四个试管中,依次加入从S型活细菌中提取的DNA、DNA和DNA酶、蛋白质、多糖，经过培养，检查结果发现试管内仍然有R型细菌的是（）A．3和4 B．1、3和4 C．2、3和4 D．1、2、3和428．在细胞有丝分裂间期，染色体复制的实质是指(）A．染色体数加倍 B．同源染色体数加倍C．染色单体数加倍D．DNA数加倍29．下列有关叙述，正确的是()A．基因型为Dd的豌豆减数分裂时，产生雌雄两种配子的数量比接近1:1B．基因自由组合定律是F l产生配子时,等位基因分离，非等位基因自由组合C．基因型AabbCCDD的玉米自交,种子胚的基因型有三种,比例为1:2:1D．最能说明基因自由组合定律实质的是F2的表现型比为9：3：3：130．基因突变和染色体变异的比较中，叙述不正确的是（）A．基因突变是在分子水平上的变异,染色体结构变异是在细胞水平上的变异B．基因突变只能通过基因检测，染色体结构变异可通过光学显微镜比较染色体进行检测C．基因突变不会导致基因数目改变，染色体结构变异会导致基因数目改变D．基因突变和染色体结构变异最终都会引起性状的改变31．下列实验中，不需要漂洗或冲洗的是(）A．观察线粒体和叶绿体B．观察根尖分生区细胞的有丝分裂C．低温诱导染色体加倍D．观察DNA、RNA在细胞中的分布32．下列有关“低温诱导植物染色体数目的变化"实验的叙述,错误的是（）A．低温处理植物分生组织细胞，能够抑制纺锤体的形成B．制作装片，包括解离、漂洗和制片3个步骤C．在低倍镜视野中既有正常的二倍体细胞，也有染色体数目发生改变的细胞D．把根尖放在卡诺氏液中浸泡,以固定细胞的形态33．某小组进行观察洋葱根尖分生组织细胞有丝分裂的实验，下列关于该实验的叙述正确的是（）A．盐酸和酒精混合液主要起固定作用B．碱性染料吡罗红（派洛宁）可用于染色体染色C．观察到分裂末期细胞内细胞板向四周扩展形成新的细胞壁D．细胞内染色体的存在状态可作为判断有丝分裂各时期的依据34．已知某RNA分子中胞嘧啶占全部碱基的17%，尿嘧啶占21%，则转录形成该RNA的基因片段中碱基A+G所占比例为（）A．38％ B．46％ C．50％ D．无法确定35．如图表示细胞中所含的染色体,叙述不正确的是（）A．代表的生物可能是二倍体，其每个染色体组含一条染色体B．代表的生物可能是二倍体，其每个染色体组含三条染色体C．代表的生物可能是二倍体，其每个染色体组含三条染色体D．代表的生物可能是单倍体，其一个染色体组含四条染色体36．在解释分离现象的原因时，下列哪项不属于孟德尔假说的内容（）A．生物的性状是由遗传因子决定的B．基因在体细胞染色体上成对存在C．受精时雌雄配子的结合是随机的D．配子只含有每对遗传因子中的一个37．下列对一个四分体的描述不正确的是（）A．有两个着丝点 B．有四个DNA分子C．有四个染色体 D．有两对姐妹染色单体38．如图是苯丙酮尿症的系谱图，下列相关叙述不正确的是（）A．8不一定携带致病基因B．该病是常染色体隐性遗传病C．若8与9婚配生了两个正常孩子，则第三个孩子患病的概率为D．若10与7婚配，生正常男孩的概率是39．有关蛋白质合成的叙述,不正确的是（）A．终止密码子不编码氨基酸B．每种tRNA只运转一种氨基酸C．核糖体能在mRNA上滑动D．每种氨基酸都对应多种密码子40．关于生物变异的叙述错误的是（）A．基因结构中碱基对的增添、缺失、替换导致基因突变B．精子和卵细胞融合形成受精卵过程中发生基因重组C．三倍体植物可以由受精卵发育而来但其不可育D．染色体上的片段易位或倒位属于染色体结构变异41．关于“噬菌体侵染细菌实验"的叙述，正确的是（)A．分别用含有放射性同位素35S和放射性同位素32P的培养基直接培养噬菌体B．分别用35S和32P标记的噬菌体侵染未被标记的大肠杆菌，进行长时间的保温培养C．32P标记的T2噬菌体侵染大肠杆菌，具有放射性子代噬菌体比例高D．32P标记的T2噬菌体侵染大肠杆菌,放射性同位素主要分布于试管的沉淀物中42．人的X染色体和Y染色体大小、形态不完全相同，但存在着同源区（Ⅱ)和非同源区（Ⅰ、Ⅲ），如图所示．下列有关叙述错误的是（）A．若某病是由位于非同源区Ⅲ上的致病基因控制的，则患者均为男性B．若X、Y染色体上存在一对等位基因，则该对等位基因位于同源区（Ⅱ）上C．若某病是由位于非同源区Ⅰ上的显性基因控制的，则男性患者的儿子一定患病D．若某病是由位于非同源区Ⅰ上的隐性基因控制的,则患病女性的儿子一定是患者43．果蝇的一条染色体上,正常染色体片段的排列为123﹣456789，中间的“﹣”代表着丝粒,下表表示了由正常染色体发生变异后基因顺序变化的四种情况．有关叙述错误的是(）染色体基因顺序变化a 123﹣476589b 123﹣4789c 1654﹣32789d 123﹣45676789A．a是染色体某一片断位置颠倒引起的B．b是染色体某一片断缺失引起的C．c是染色体着丝点改变引起的D．d是染色体增加了某一片断引起的44．果蝇白眼为伴X隐性遗传，显性性状为红眼．在下列哪组杂交后代中，通过眼色就可直接判断子代果蝇的性别(）A．白眼♀果蝇×白眼♂果蝇 B．杂合红眼♀果蝇×红眼♂果蝇C．白眼♀果蝇×红眼♂果蝇 D．杂合红眼♀果蝇×白眼♂果蝇45．DNA指纹技术是用限制酶切割样品DNA后,并通过电泳等技术把切割后的DNA片段按大小分开．如图是一对夫妇和三个子女指纹的DNA片段，据表分析不正确的是（）A．基因Ⅰ和基因Ⅱ可能位于一条染色体上B．基因Ⅱ与基因Ⅳ可能位于一条染色体上C．基因Ⅲ可能位于X染色体上D．基因Ⅴ不可能位于Y染色体上二、非选择题46．以下是教材当中的结论性语句，请填写：（1)核酸是细胞内携带的物质，在生物的遗传、变异和的生物合成中具有极其重要的作用．分裂形成四分体时期，位于同源染色体上的随着非姐妹染色单体交叉而互换，导致上基因重组．（3）动物和人体内仍保留着少数具有分裂和分化能力的细胞叫．（4）原癌基因和抑癌基因突变,导致正常细胞的生长和失控变成癌细胞．（5）基因通过控制来控制过程，进而控制生物的性状；基因还能通过控制直接控制生物的性状．47．下列是有关二倍体生物的细胞分裂信息，请据图回答下列问题．（1）图1中A1B1段形成的原因是．图2中D2E2段形成的原因是．（3)雄性激素能促进（图3/图4/图5）细胞的形成．正在发生基因的分离与自由组合是（图3/图4/图5）中的细胞．图5子细胞的名称为．(4)图3细胞正进行分裂，有对同源染色体，有个染色体组．（5）与图1中B1C1段相吻合的是（图3/图4/图5)的细胞．48．某种野兔的脂肪有黄脂、褐脂、白脂和无脂四种表现型，由两对独立遗传的等位基因决定(分别用A、a,B、b表示），且BB个体胚胎致死．将一只白脂雄兔和多只纯合黄脂雌兔杂交，得到F1有两种表现型:褐脂兔96只,黄脂兔98只；取F1中的多只褐脂兔雌雄个体相互交配，F2有4种表现型：褐脂兔239只,白脂兔81只，黄脂兔119只,无脂兔41只．（1）若A、a和B、b这两对等位基因位于常染色体上，则亲本白脂兔和黄脂兔的基因型依次是；F2黄脂兔中纯合子所占的比例为；F2中一只褐脂雌兔，正常减数分裂产生两种比例相等的配子，则其基因型为．由上述实验结果,可推测B、b这对基因也可能位于性染色体的同源区段．取雌、雄白脂兔各一只，实验如下：①让这对白脂兔多次交配，得F1；②观察统计F1的性别比例．结果预测：Ⅰ．若F1中雌兔:雄兔=，则这对基因位于常染色体上．Ⅱ．若F1中雌兔：雄兔=,则这对基因位于性染色体的同源区段．(3)根据上述实验结果及分析，A、a和B、b这两对等位基因遵循定律．49．图1表示某基因的部分片段，其中a、b、c分别表示该基因片段中特定的碱基对．图2表示遗传信息的传递过程．请分析回答:（1）图2所示遗传信息的传递过程叫．过程②需要的原料是，需要催化，碱基配对方式有种．图中需要解旋酶的过程有．③表示的过程称为,有种RNA参与．完成③时，一般在一条mRNA上会结合多个核糖体，其意义是．一条mRNA上不同核糖体最终合成的多肽链（相同/不同）．（3）若图1中基因位点a的碱基对由C﹣G变为T﹣A；位点b的碱基对由A﹣T变为G ﹣C；位点c的碱基对由G﹣C变为A﹣T,则其中位点的改变对生物性状表现无影响．50．图甲为研究光照强度对某植物光合作用强度实验示意图，图乙表示其细胞气体交换情况,图丙表示光照强度与光合速率的关系，图丁表示夏季晴朗的一天，某种绿色植物在24小时内O2吸收和释放速率的变化示意图(单位：mg/h）．A、B点对应时刻分别为6点和19点．(1)图乙中光反应的具体部位是(填字母），反应中的能量变化是．结构c部位（能/否）分解葡萄糖，原因是．图丙中限制A～C段光合速率的主要因素是．（3）叶肉细胞处于图乙状态时，对应图丙中的区段是(OB/B点之后），若图乙只发生①②过程，则对应图丙的是点．(4)丁图中24小时内不进行光合作用的时段是．（5）丁图中测得该植物一昼夜的O2净释放量为300mg,假设该植物在24小时内呼吸速率不变,则该植物一天通过光合作用产生的O2总量是mg，光合作用速率最高时，光合作用每小时利用CO2的量是mg．（6)丁图中，若适当增加植物生长环境中CO2浓度，B点将向(左/右）移动．辽宁省大连八中2016届高三上学期期中生物试卷参考答案与试题解析一、选择题（每题1分，共45分）1．下列有关元素和化合物的叙述正确的是（）A．淀粉是植物细胞壁的主要成分，其基本组成单位是葡萄糖B．多糖、蛋白质、核酸等物质形成过程中都要脱去水分子C．糖类、蛋白质、核酸都具有的元素是C、H、O、ND．在新陈代谢旺盛的细胞中结合水含量一般较多【考点】糖类的种类和作用的综合;蛋白质的合成—-氨基酸脱水缩合；糖类的组成元素．【分析】本题是组成细胞的元素和化合物的题目，根据选项涉及的具体内容梳理相关知识点，分析综合进行判断．【解答】解:A、植物细胞壁的主要成分是纤维素，不是淀粉，A错误;B、多糖、蛋白质、核酸都是由单体形成的多聚体，在由单体形成多聚体的过程中需要脱去水分子，B正确；C、糖类的元素组成只有C、H、O，无N元素,C错误；D、自由水的含量与新陈代谢有直接关系，自由水含量越多，新陈代谢越旺盛，D错误．故选：B．【点评】本题的知识点是糖的分类及作用，多糖、蛋白质、核酸在形成过程中的共同点和在元素组成上的共性，水的存在形式和作用，主要考查学生对组成细胞的元素和化合物的理解与掌握．2．恩格尔曼把载有水绵和好氧细菌的装片放在无空气的黑暗环境中，用极细的光束照射水绵的不同部位，如图所示．好氧细菌将会集中在水绵的部位是()A．A B．B C．C D．D【考点】光合作用的发现史．【专题】模式图；光合作用与细胞呼吸．【分析】根据信息：恩吉尔曼把载有水绵和好氧性细菌的临时装片放在无空气的黑暗环境里，用极细的光束照射水绵．显微观察发现，好氧性细菌只集中在叶绿体被光束照射到的部位附近；如将上述装片完全暴光,则好氧性细菌集中在叶绿体所有受光部位周围．分析解答．【解答】解:通过题目中的信息:恩吉尔曼把载有水绵和好氧性细菌的临时装片放在无空气的黑暗环境里,用极细的光束照射水绵．显微观察发现，好氧性细菌只集中在叶绿体被光束照射到的部位附近；如将上述装片完全暴光，则好氧性细菌集中在叶绿体所有受光部位周围．可知：好氧细菌只集中在叶绿体照光部位，说明这些部位含有氧气，即水绵的这些部位进行了光合作用，从而说明光合作用的场所是叶绿体．图中只有B符合题意．故选：B．【点评】本题考查光合作用的发现史等知识点，意在考查考生的识图能力和理解所学知识要点，把握知识间内在联系，形成知识网络结构的能力；能运用所学知识，准确判断问题的能力．3．下列关于细胞呼吸过程中［H］的叙述，正确的是（）A．全部来自于葡萄糖 B．全部在线粒体中产生C．可在叶绿体中起作用D．可用于还原O2【考点】细胞呼吸的过程和意义．【专题】正推法;光合作用与细胞呼吸．【分析】呼吸作用是指生物体内的有机物在细胞内经过一系列的氧化分解，最终生成二氧化碳或其他产物，并且释放出能量的总过程．有氧呼吸的第一、二、三阶段的场所依次是细胞质基质、线粒体基质和线粒体内膜．有氧呼吸第一阶段是葡萄糖分解成丙酮酸和[H］,合成少量ATP；第二阶段是丙酮酸和水反应生成二氧化碳和[H］，合成少量A TP；第三阶段是氧气和[H]反应生成水，合成大量ATP．无氧呼吸是指细胞在无氧条件下，通过酶的催化作用，把葡萄糖等有机物质分解成为不彻底的氧化产物，同时释放出少量能量的过程．无氧呼吸的场所是细胞质基质．【解答】解：A、有氧呼吸第一、第二阶段产生的[H]既来自葡萄糖还来自参加反应的水，A 错误；B、有氧呼吸第一阶段产生的［H]发生在细胞质基质中，B错误；C、细胞呼吸过程中产生的［H］不可能在叶绿体中起作用，C错误；D、有氧呼吸第三阶段,产生的［H]用于还原O2,生成水,D正确．故选：D．【点评】本题考查细胞呼吸的相关知识,意在考查学生的识记能力和判断能力,运用所学知识综合分析问题和解决问题的能力．4．下列叙述中，不属于RNA功能的是()A．具有生物催化功能 B．作为某些病毒的遗传物质C．细胞质中的遗传物质D．参与蛋白质的合成【考点】遗传信息的转录和翻译．【分析】RNA是核糖核酸的简称，有多种功能：①有少数酶是RNA，即某些RNA有催化功能；②某些病毒的遗传物质是RNA；③rRNA是核糖体的构成成分；④mRNA携带着从DNA转录来的遗传信息，蛋白质合成的直接模板；⑤tRNA可携带氨基酸进入核糖体中参与蛋白质的合成．【解答】解：A、绝大多数酶是蛋白质，极少数酶是RNA,属于RNA功能，A错误；B、病毒的遗传物质是DNA或RNA,属于RNA功能，B错误；C、细胞质中的遗传物质是DNA，不属于RNA功能,C正确；D、rRNA、mRNA和tRNA都参与蛋白质的合成，参与蛋白质的合成属于RNA的功能，D 错误．故选：C．【点评】本题考查RNA的种类及功能、酶的化学本质,要求考生识记RNA的种类及功能，识记酶的化学本质，明确细胞类生物的遗传物质是DNA,属于考纲识记层次的考查．5．下列有关生物膜系统的说法中，正确的是（）A．口腔黏膜、小肠黏膜等属于生物膜系统B．生物界中的生物都具有生物膜系统C．生物膜的组成成分和结构完全一样D．内质网膜可内连核膜、外连细胞膜【考点】细胞的生物膜系统．【专题】正推法;生物膜系统．【分析】1．内质网、高尔基体、线粒体、叶绿体、溶酶体等细胞器膜和核膜、细胞膜等结构共同构成细胞的生物膜系统．2、功能：（1）保证内环境的相对稳定，对物质运输、能量转换和信息传递等过程起决定作用．为多种酶提供附着位点，是许多生物化学反应的场所．(3)分隔细胞器，保证细胞生命活动高效、有序地进行．【解答】解：A、生物膜系统包括细胞膜、核膜和细胞器膜,而口腔黏膜、小肠粘膜不属于生物膜系统，A错误；B、病毒无细胞结构,无生物膜系统，B错误;C、生物膜的组成成分和结构基本相同，但并非完全一样，C错误;D、内质网膜可内连核膜、外连细胞膜，D正确．故选：D．【点评】本题生物膜系统的组成、生物膜系统在组成成分结构和功能上的联系，意在考查学生的识记和理解能力，属于中档题．6．在生物体的下列生理活动过程中，没有ADP生成的是（)A．浆细胞合成分泌抗体B．血糖进入红细胞C．叶绿体基质C3的还原D．神经细胞对K+的吸收【考点】ATP在生命活动中的作用和意义．【专题】正推法；A TP在能量代谢中的作用．【分析】ATP是高能化合物，是生物体生命活动的直接能源物质．ATP水解释放的能量，来自高能磷酸键的化学能，并用于各项生命活动．物质跨膜运输的方式有：自由扩散、协助扩散、主动运输、胞吞、胞吐，其中自由扩散和协助扩散不需要消耗能量．【解答】解：A、浆细胞分泌抗体属于胞吐，胞吐方式需要消耗能量，A错误；B、红细胞吸收葡萄糖属于协助扩散,该运输方式不需要消耗能量，B正确;C、叶绿体基质C3的还原需消耗光反应产生的A TP,C错误；D、神经细胞对K+的吸收属于主动运输,主动运输需要消耗能量,D错误．故选:B．【点评】本题考查了物质跨膜运输的方式以及A TP的生理作用等相关知识,意在考查学生的识记能力和判断能力,运用所学知识综合分析问题的能力．7．下列关于细胞核的叙述正确的是（）A．细胞核是细胞代谢和遗传的控制中心B．观察细胞分裂中期可看到核膜、核仁和染色体C．DNA、RNA可以通过核孔进出细胞核D．细胞核内的液体叫细胞液【考点】细胞核的结构和功能．【专题】正推法;细胞核．。

2016-2017学年度上学期高一期中考试题英语试卷考试时间：100分钟总分：120分听力（略）第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项（A）Whether you rely on your bike for transportation or exercise, you’ll enjoy these fun facts on this two-wheeled vehicle.In 1817, Karl von Drais, a German, invented a horseless carriage that would help him get around faster. The two-wheeled, pedalless device moved by pushing your feet against the ground. The machine became known as the “draisine”, and led to the creation of the modern-day bicycle. The term “bicycle” was not introduced until the 1860s, when it was coined in France to describe a new kind of two-wheeler with a mechanical drive.Orville and Wilbur Wright, the brothers who built the first flying airplane, operated a small bike repair shop in Dayton, Ohio. They used their workshop to build the 1903 Wright Flyer. Fred A. Birchmore, 25, circled the globe by bicycle in 1935. The entire trip, through Europe, Asia, and the United States, covered 40,000 miles. He pedaled about 25,000 miles. The rest was traveled by boat. He wore out seven sets of tires.In the 1980s, bicycle delivery services developed into an important industry, especially in cities, where the couriers(快递员) earned a reputation(名声) for their high speed and traffic-weaving skills.Americans use their bicycles for less than one percent of all urban trips. Europeans bike in cities a lot more often---in Italy 5 percent of all trips are on bicycle, 30 percent in the Netherlands, and 7 out of 8 Dutch people over age 15 have a bike.The Tour de France is one of the most famous bicycle races in the world. Established in 1903, it is considered to be the biggest test of endurance out of all sports. Lance Armstrong, an American cyclist, is the only rider to have won 7 titles after surviving cancer.21. The underlined word “coined” in the second paragraph can be replaced by __________.A. boughtB. discoveredC. printedD. created22. Who made the most important contribution to the bike?A. Karl von Drais.B. The Wright brothersC. Fred A. Birchmore.D. Lance Armstrong.23. The couriers in the 1980s in the cities preferred the bike because it was __________.A. beautiful and produced no noiseB. a symbol of fashion and wealthC. cheap and could be moved about easilyD. fast and rarely affected by traffic conditions（B）Monkeys are very similar to us in many ways. Most have ten fingers and ten toes, and brains much like ours. In fact, Ch arles Darwin’s theory of evolution says that monkey and humans share a common ancestor. We enjoy watching them because they often act like us, and we also love to use many expressions about monkeys in almost every language. This is why many monkey expressions are about tricky people or playful acts.Monkeyshine is one of the expressions to show tricks or foolish acts. The meaning is clear if you have ever watched a group of monkeys playfully chasing each other: pulling tails, stealing food, doing tricks.Monkeying around with something means that you do not know what you are doing. When you feel like doing something but have no firm idea of what to do, you are monkeying around. It is just a way to pass the time.Monkey business usually means secret, maybe illegal activities. You may come across a new report that there is monkey business involved in building the new airport, with some officials getting secret payments from builders.Monkey suits are common names for clothes or uniforms soldiers wear. In earlier years in many American cities, you would find men playing musical band organs on the street. Dancing to the music would be the man’s small monkey that was dressed in a tight-fitting, colorful jacket similar to a military uniform. So, people began to call a military uniforma monkey suit.24. Which of the following is NOT true about the similarities between human and monkey?A. Most monkeys have ten fingers and toes.B. Monkeys have the same brains as humans.C. Monkeys often act like humans in many ways.D. Monkeys are humans’ closest relatives in species.25. According to the passage, an idle(闲散的) wander on the street can be described as______.A. monkeyshineB. monkeying aroundC. a monkey suitD. monkey business26. Monkey suits are commonly used to call military uniforms because they ______.A. are created particularly for soldiers’ uniforms.B. are originally designed for American soldiers.C. share typical features with military uniforms.D. make American soldiers look like monkeys.27. Most monkey expressions are ______.A. used only in western cultures.B. used on some formal occasions.C. about tricks and naughtiness(淘气).D. about terrible funny behaviors.（C）The decisions that we make shape us throughout our lives. No matter what decisions we make, good or bad, each one puts us on a new road in the future. Make a bad decision? No problem. Learn from the decision and make another decision to get on a different path. This is advice that I got from Tony Robbins in his book Awaken the Giant Within. This is a book that I recommend to anyone waiting to develop a fire within to make changes in their life. It helped me to understand how fear of making poor choices was hindering me from becoming the great man who I am today. Now I am not saying that I am a well-known person in any particular circle. But I am the king of my castle working hard and trying to make good decisions in regard to the paths that I have chosen. I am a great man in the eyes of my wife and my children. And that is all the recognition that I need in my lifetime. And I know that my past failures have been the building block that I continue to build my career and self-image in my community that I live in.Ben Lerer, cofounder and CEO of the Thrillist Media Group, is a good example of this.In an article on the Fast Company website, Lerer talks about this very subject. He says, ”I have to make some really tough decisions but finally, I think the best companies are those that can recognize when something isn’t going right, and fix it, instead of just turning a blind eye because it’s easier.” Great people make decisions. When a decision does not have the desired result, make a different decision. It does not get any simpler than that.28. Fr om Tony Robbins’ book Awaken the Giant Within, the writer knew＿＿＿.A. making a bad decision is very terribleB. making decisions helps us become a great manC. being afraid to make a bad decision is very naturalD. learning from the bad decision can help make a new choice29. The underlined word“ hindering” can be replaced by ＿＿＿.A. stoppingB. stealingC. preservingD. requiring30. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. A bad decision has a bad effect on peopleB. The best company can admit and correct a bad decisionC. People should learn how to make a good decisionD. Making a decision is much simpler than changing one31. What could be the best title of the passage?A. Overcome Your FearsB. Take ActionC. Make decisionsD. Trust Yourself（D）What about the effect of long working hours on your weight? A new paper, written by Joelle Abramowitz, an economist, has some surprising results. She starts out by showing a simple graph: those who work longer are easy to be bigger.That seems interesting, but is not as good as expected. After all, there may be other factors that mean that hardworking people tend to be overweight. So Ms Abramowitz uses other methods, which allows her to control a variety of other factors, like income. Her results have a few surprises: those with a college degree are likely to be slimmer(苗条). Rather depressingly, marriage results in women getting thinner, but men fatter.She shows that for workers in “non-strenuous(不繁重的）” jobs, like secret arial workand accountancy, ten additional hours spent working per week are connected with an increase in body size index 0.4 for women and 0.2 for men. That translates, on average, into an increase of 2.5 pounds and 1.4 pounds respectively(各自地). Unsurprisingly, for those whose jobs require a bit of physical effort, the effect no longer holds.So why do long hours result in weight gain? Only 20% of American jobs are even mildly stressful, compared to 50% in 1960. In 1960, a tenth of the American workforce was involved in agriculture, but today it’s more like 1%. More time at the desk means less movement. Busy people may have less time to prepare good meals, instead choosing a take-away. (management consultants, in my experience at least, tend to be rather knowledgeable about fancy restaurants near them). They exercise less. And workaholics sleep less: inadequate shut-eye is associated with weight gain.Women gain more weight than men, Ms Abramowitz reasons, because they tend to replace(替换) work for health-improving activities like exercise. However, men are pretty sedentary, whether or not they work long hours. So maybe desk-jobbers should include a bit of physicality in the daily hard work. Standing up while working is one choice.32.What can we know about Joel le Abramowitz’s graph?A. The author thinks it’s puzzling.B. Many people don’t think it’s good.C. It includes many factors on fatnessD. It shows people working long put on more weight.33. What kind of people tends to put on weight according to the passage?A. People who feel depressed.B. People who have college degrees.C. People who work on secretarial work.D. People who often eat in fancy restaurants34. Compared to the past, _____.A. Americans are fatter because of lack of exerciseB. Americans are fatter because of improvement of lifeC. Americans become fatter because of less stressful workD. Americans men are more likely to put on weight than women.35. According to Joelle Abramowitz, which of the following statements is Correct?A. The longer you work, the thinner you’ll be.B. Women get fatter while men get thinner after marriage.C. Women gain more weight than men because they replace work for taking exercise.D. Today, there is still 10% of the American workforce involved in Agriculture.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。