下载文档原格式
汉译英长句的翻译方法将汉语长句翻译成英语时，可以采用以下几种方法：1.分割句子：将长句分割成较短的句子，每个句子表达一个完整的思想，并在英语翻译中使用适当的连接词或标点符号来连接这些句子。
例句：我昨天去了图书馆，借了一本关于历史的书，然后在图书馆里看了两个小时。
英文翻译：I went to the library yesterday and borrowed a book about history. Then, I spent two hours reading it in the library.2. 使用从句：将长句中的一部分转换为从句，并在英语翻译中使用适当的连接词（如that, which, who, when, where等）引导从句。
例句：她告诉我她去年参加了一个很有意思的会议，这个会议是在纽约市举行的。
英文翻译：She told me that she attended an interesting conference last year, which was held in New York City.3. 使用定语从句：将长句中作为修饰的部分转换为定语从句，并在英语翻译中使用适当的关系代词（如that, which, who, whom等）引导定语从句。
例句：我喜欢那个戴眼镜的男孩，他总是很友好。
英文翻译：I like the boy who wears glasses; he is always friendly.4.利用省略：可以在英语翻译中省略一些不重要或重复的信息，使句子更清晰和简洁。
例句：我昨天和朋友一起去了看电影，然后吃了晚饭。
英文翻译：I went to watch a movie with my friends yesterday and had dinner afterwards.以上是一些常用的翻译方法，根据具体语境和句子结构的复杂程度，可以选择适合的方法进行翻译。
连淑能《英译汉教程》TranslationofLongSentences（长句译法）【圣才出品】第13章Translation of Long Sentences（长句译法）13.1 复习笔记Translating long English sentences involves not only a mixed application of various techniques but also a careful analysis of their grammatical structures and logical sequences.英语长句的翻译不仅涉及复杂的翻译技巧，还要求对其句法结构和逻辑顺序进⾏细致的分析。
⼀、Features of Long English Sentences（英语长句的特点）English speakers build up long sentences in an “architectural style”. They pay more attention to construct “spatial structure”, often regardless of temporal sequences. It seems to us Chinese that they build basic structures in five patterns, namely, S + V, S + V + P, S + V + O, S + V + o + O, and S + V + O + C as mainstays, with words, phrases, or clauses as members of sentences, then join directly or indirectly, various kinds of nexuses composed of words ,phrases, or clauses as modifiers ,to the mainstays of the basic structures. Here, among other things, English inflection and function words play important roles in connecting various parts grammatically and in showing their relations logically.英语长句是按照“楼房建筑法”组织起来的：主⼲是五种句⼦结构，即主＋谓，主＋系＋表，主＋谓＋宾，主＋谓＋宾＋宾，主＋谓＋宾＋补；枝叶是由词语、词组、从句等组成的各种各样的关系。
英语名言警句长句带翻译英语名句警句因其丰富的内涵和博大精深的文化，具有很高的欣赏和实用价值。
下面为你分享的是英语名言警句长句带翻译的内容，希望你会喜欢!The important thing in life is to have a great aim,and the determination to attain it.;;Johann Wolfgang von Goethe 人生重要的事情是确定一个伟大的目标，并决心实现它。
;;德国诗人、剧作家歌德If you wish to succeed, you should use persistence as your good friend,experience as your reference, prudence as your brother and hope as your sentry. ;;Thomas Edison如果你希望成功，当以恒心为良友，以经验为参谋，以谨慎为兄弟，以希望为哨兵。
;;美国发明家爱迪生Dare and the world always yields.If it beats you sometimes, dare it again and again and it will succumb.;;W.M Thackeray 大胆挑战，世界总会让步。
如果有时候你被它打败了，不断地挑战，它总会屈服地。
;;英国小说家萨克雷The unexamined life is not worth living.;;Socrates混混噩噩的生活不值得过。
;;苏格拉底Happiness, I have discovered, is nearly always a reboundfrom hard work. ;;Grayson我发现，辛勤工作的报酬几乎总是幸福。
;;格雷森Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.;;John Ruskin生活没有目标，犹如航海没有罗盘。
长句的翻译长句指的是字数较多、结构较复杂、含有多层意思的句子。
汉语和英语都有长句，但在句子结构上的差异很大。
所以，在翻译时要讲究方法，否则就难以准确清晰地传达原文的各层意思。
在处理长句时，要注意如何断句和如何区分主从，正确运用合并法，倒置法和插入法。
一、断句所谓断句，就是把原文的一句话译作两句或更多句。
大凡长句多为复句，而汉语复句和英语复句往往在结构上不同。
汉语的一个复句有时需要断作几句来译，才能使意思清晰，结构利落，合乎英语的表达习惯。
另外，现代英语的句子结构也趋向简短，文章中非限制性的关系子句用得越来越少。
为此，翻译汉语长句时也常常采用断句手法。
一般来说，在以下几种情况下都可以断句：1. 汉语句子较长，内容较复杂这种句子如果同样译作一个长句，在结构上有困难，语境也不清楚；断句则便于清晰地表达原意，又符合英语的表达习惯。
·历来只有真正老实的劳动者，才懂得劳动生产财富的道理才能排除一切想入非非的发财思想，而踏踏实实地用自己的辛勤劳动，为社会也为自己创造财富和积累财富。
Throughout the ages only honest laboring people see the truth that wealth is created through labor. Only they can free their minds of any fantastic ideas of getting rich. And only they create and accumulate wealth for both society and themselves through hard practical work.·如今没奈何，把你雇在隔壁人家放牛，每月可以得他几钱银子，你又有现成饭吃，只在明日就要去了。
There’s no way out but to set you to work looking after our neighbor’s buffalo. Y ou’ll make a little money every month, and you’ll get your meals there too. Y ou are to start tomorrow.2. 汉语的总分复句汉语的总分复句都包括总说和分述两个部分。
第七章英语长句的译法（教学安排：2课时）近年来，受口语风格和国际间交际扩大的影响，英语句式有越来越短的趋势，但在正式文体中，结构复杂、长度惊人的句子随处可见。
这是我们正确理解和翻译英语的一大难点。
对于每一个英语句子的翻译, 并不只是使用一种翻译方法, 而是多种翻译方法的综合运用, 这在英语长句的翻译中表现得尤为突出。
长句在科技性的文体中的出现极为频繁, 因此也就成为考试的重点。
在翻译长句时, 首先，不要因为句子太长而产生畏惧心理，因为，无论是多么复杂的句子，它都是由一些基本的成分组成的，所以弄清原文的句法结构。
其次要弄清英语原文的句法结构．．．．．．．．．．．．, ．找出整个句子的中心内容及其各层意思．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．, ．再按照汉语的．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．, ．然后分析几层意思之间的相互逻辑关系特点和表达方式．．．．．．．．．．。
．．．．．．．．．．, ．不必拘泥于原文的形式．．．．．．．, ．正确地译出原文的意思一、英语长句的分析一般来说, 造成长句的原因有三方面: （1）修饰语过多; （2）并列成分多; （3）语言结构层次多。
分析长句时可以采用下面的方法（一）找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语, 从整体上把握句子的结构。
（二）找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。
（三）分析从句和短语的功能, 例如, 是否为主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句等,若是状语, 它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等等。
（四）分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系, 例如, 定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个等。
（五）注意插入语等其他成分。
（六）注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配。
长句翻译，似可分三步走：第一步：拎出主干，梳理结构，条缕分明。
第二步：从容表达，化长为短，点滴不漏。
第三步：译后诵读，加工润改，消除译痕。
例1原文：Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.(1)该句的主语为behaviorists, 谓语为suggest, 宾语为一个从句, 因此整个句子为Behavioristsuggest that-clause 结构。
英语长句的理解与翻译1．Many experts suggest that the child raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.译文：许多专家认为：如果一个儿童在有许多刺激的环境里长大，而这些刺激能够开发其相应的反映能力，那么这个儿童将会有得到更好的智力发展。
2．How well the prediction will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information and on the skill with which it is interpreted.译文：这些预测在多大程度上会被后来的表现所证实，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适宜性以及解释这些信息的技能。
3．Immediately the army opened fire, killing four men and injuring the fifth who later died of his wounds.译文：部队突然开了火，打死四人，还有一人受伤。
后来此人也因伤势过重死去。
．4．The king, whose power is unlimited, and whose treasures surmount战胜all real and imaginary wants, is compelled to ease, by the construction of the Great Wall, the satiety厌倦of dominion and tastelessness of pleasure.译文：那个权力无上、财富无竭的国王，只有通过修筑长城来减轻自己对权力的厌倦和对欢乐的麻木。
英语长句翻译的五种方法科技英语具有逻辑性强、构造严密、表达明确等特点。
这些特点决定了科技英语的一个显著特征是含有大量长句。
英语长句后置修饰语多，并列成份多，句法构造复杂，层次重叠。
因此，进展长句翻译时，要注意英译汉语序上的差异和英汉表达方式的差异。
英语长句汉译时主要采用以下五种方法：顺译法、倒译法、内嵌法、分译法、拆离重组法。
顺译法是指在英译汉过程中，按原文行文的先后顺序或按内容的逻辑顺序，依次译出的翻译方法。
It is important to remember that the position of a given grade of steel can be subject to variations within the range of its specification，and such variations in position，impurity elements and also grainsize caused in hot-working process will result in differences in both response to heat treatment and variations in mechanical properties．重要的是要记住，给定牌号钢的化学成份在其规定范围内可能发生一些变化，这样一些在热加工过程中引起的存在于成份、杂质元素、还有品粒大小上的变化，将使热处理工艺和力学性能产生一些差异。
原句由一个主句、两个宾语从句组成。
由于原句的表达与汉语的表达是根本一致的，因此整个句子的翻译按照原句的语序顺译即可。
The civil engineer must be able to select and utilize effectively the products provided by the other branches ofthe profession developing consumer goods，such as the materials of construction and industry，including steel，timber，concrete and many other materials；and engaging the modern application and use of steam，electric and gas power engines and machines．土建工程师一定要能够有效地选择和利用本行业和部门提供的产品。
翻译英语长句的步骤1.紧缩主干2. 区分主从3. 辨析词义4. 分清层次5. 调整搭配6. 润饰选词1.顺译分段法2. 拆译法3. 倒置法4. 重组法If, as a result of or arising out of or otherwise in connection with the novation by Owner to Contractor of Owner‟s rights and remaining obligations under the Engineering Agreement pursuant to this Novation Agreement, UOPL is exposed to any additional taxation, duties, penalties or other such financial assessments to any government entity over and above that which it would otherwise have been exposed had such transfer not occurred, Contractor shall be solelyresponsible for such additional taxation, duties, penalties or other such financial assessments and shall indemnify and hold harmless UOPL against any such additional taxation, duties, penalties or other such financial assessments that are claimed against or otherwise imposed on UOPL.按照本更新协议，若因业主对其在许可协议下需对承包商承担的权利和剩余义务范围以外的其他原因，导致UOPL遭受额外的税收、关税、罚款或政府实体实施的其他此类财务评估，且其超出转让之前需缴纳的额度，则承包商应对此类额外税收、关税、罚款或财务评估负全部责任，并使UOPL免缴向其要求或征收的此类额外税收、关税、罚款或财务评估。
长句的翻译方法1．顺序翻译法（1）The problem is that the last generation or so we’re come to assume that women should be able, and should want, to do everything that by tradition men have done at the same time as prettywell everything that by tradition women have done.问题是，在过去二十年时间里，我们已经认定，妇女们应该能够且应该想做男人们想做男人们传统上所做的一切，而同时也能够做得跟妇女们传统上所做的一切同样好。
（2）Exercise*Prior to the twentieth century,women in novels were stereotypes of lacking any features that made them unique individual and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by the mali-dominated culture.2. 逆序翻译法（1）It therefore becomes more and more important that, if studentsare not to waste theiropportuniti es,there will have tobe much detailed informationabout courses and advice.因此，如果要使学生充分利用（上大学）的机会，就得为他们提供关于课程的更为详尽的信息，作更多的指导。
这个问题显得越来越重要了。
（2）Exercises*It is probably easier for teachers than for students to appreciate the reason why learning English seems to become increasingly difficult once the basic structures and patterns of the language have been understood.*A great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slum when in the United States the intellectual poor because the classic poor, the poor under the rather romantic guise of the beat generation, a real phenomenon in the later fifties.*Such a human nature in the west that a great many people are often willingto sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.*Clear-cut guidelines and politics have been worked out and expressed in accurate language concerning the economy, politics, science and technology, education, culture and military and foreign affairs.3. 分译法翻译英语句子时，有时我们可以把原文的句子结构整个保存下来或只作稍改变即可，但在不少情况下则必须将原来的句子结构作较大的改变。
英语长句通常指20个单词以上的单句，由于英语句子除其主干结构以外，还有各种修饰语，如非谓语动词、定语从句、介词短语、复合结构等等，定语套定语，修饰语中再套上修饰语，形成了峰回路转、迂回曲折、错综复杂的结构，要准确地译成汉语，确实不容易。
死搬硬套原文的表达方式和表达结构往往会使译文变成英语味道十足的汉语，艰涩难懂，语流堵塞严重，可读性自然很差，根本无法展现汉语的语言特色和优美。
遇到难句长句，首先要把握整个句子的中心意思，然后采取依托中心词层层分解的方式翻译。
第一顺译法顺译法就是指在保证意思准确、行文通顺的前提下按照英语原句的结构顺序翻译成汉语的方法，最大程度地再现原文的风格，是长句翻译过程中首先要考虑的方法。
不过，所谓顺译法，并不是一词一句都按照英语原句的顺序来翻译，而是指句中的各个语法成分基本按照原文的先后顺序来翻译。
顺译法的成功翻译体现了英汉在句子结构和表达习惯方面所存在的共相部分，最大程度地体现了英汉之间的“可译性”。
Unexplained disappearances in the Bermuda Triangle have continued to the present and no plane or ship was reported to be overdue and finally classed as “search discontinuing’ by the Seven Coast Guard without expressed or unexpressed comment or feeling among the public or searchers that there was some connection with the past and present phenomenon of the Bermuda Triangle.［原译］百慕大魔鬼三角洲的神秘失踪现象一直持续到今天。
长句翻译（二）一．顺序法原句的句法结构、句子内容是按逻辑次序盘拍的，所叙述的一连串动作是按动作发生的时间先后安排的，与汉语表达方式相近，此时可采用顺序法，即按原文顺序译出。
例1：It was argued that perhaps during its existence inside the body of the mother, the growing embryo becomes fixated on the sound of the heartbeat; if this is so, then the rediscovery of this familiar sound after birth might have a calming effect on the infant, especially as it has just been thrust into a strange and frighteningly new world outside.译文1：有人提出，如果生长的胎儿在母体内就记住了母体的心跳声，那么婴儿出生后，尤其是它刚刚来到外面这一陌生而令人惊恐的新世界时，这种重新发现会使它得到镇定。
译文2：有人提出，胎儿在母体内生长时就记住了母体的心跳声；如果是这样的话，那么婴儿出生后重新发现这一熟悉的心跳会对它起到一种镇静的作用，尤其是它刚刚来到外面这一陌生而令人惊恐的新世界时。
二．换序法当英语句中的逻辑次序与汉语相反时，翻译时应该按照汉语的逻辑、实践顺序调整语序。
例2：And he knew how ashamed he would have been if his girlfriend had known his mother and the kind of place in which he was born, and the kind of people among whom he was born.译文1：他知道他会非常地丢脸，如果他的女朋友知道了他的母亲，他出生的地方以及他所出生的人群。
We are faced with a choice between using technology to provide and fulfill needs which have been regarded as unnecessary or, on the other hand, using technology to reduce the number of hours of work which a man must do in order to earn a given standard of living.我们面临着一种选择：要么利用技术来提供并满足一直被视为并无必要的各种需求，要么利用技术来缩短人们为了维持一定的生活水准而必须工作的时数。
你们将要进行考察的这座城市，曾经是闻名世界的四大文明古城之一。
摆在你们面前的印刷品，会使你们对该城市有个基本概念：它如何形成；从初具雏形它就带着何种与生俱来的发展趋势；而这些趋势又如何使它在建筑风格上形成今天这种格局。
You will have a general idea from the handout which you have in front of you of how this city originated, which had once been one of the world’s four famous civilized cities and into which an investigation is going to be made; of what developmental trends were built into it, as it were, from the very outset; and of how these trends have made what it is today in its architectural style.In reading, we appear to enter into a world of imagination, a few people seek refuge from reality in this and always prefer it to the world of everyday, but they are missing the full significance if they do so.读书时，我们进入了一个想象的世界，一些人在那个世界中寻求现实的避难所，并总以为那个世界比现实世界好，但是，他们如果这样做的话，就失去了读书的全部意义。
We sincerely hope that your congratulations will be matched by your collective effort to seek a just and practical solution to the problem which has challenged the United Nations for so many years.我们诚恳地希望，你们在表示祝贺之后，能采取与之呼应的共同行动，以寻求一个公正合理又切实可行的方案，来解决这个多年来一直困扰着联合国的难题。
The global economy that boomed in the 1960s, growing at an average of 5.5 percent a year, and pushed ahead at a 4.5 percent-a-year rate in the mid-1970s, simply stopped growing from1981 to 1982.世界经济在60年代迅速繁荣，以年均5.5%的速度增长；到了70年代中期仍以年均4.5%的速度向前推进；但是从1981年到1982年增长就完全停滞。
The number of young people in the United States who cannot read is incredible --- about one in four.（单词拆译）大约四分之一的美国年轻人不具备阅读能力，这简直令人难以置信。
Let us admit, and regret, that he honestly believes it impossible to differ from him.（单词拆译）我们不得不承认，他真的相信凡与他抱不同见解的人不可能是一个正人君子，这是令人遗憾的事There is a tide taken at the flood in the affairs not only of men but of women too, which leads on to fortune.（词组拆译）人生在世，有时会走运，抓住时机，就能飞黄腾达，不但男性如此，女性也一样。
With the fear of, largely imaginary, plots against his leadership, his self-confidence seemed totally to desert him.由于害怕有人阴谋推翻他的领导地位，他似乎完全丧失了自信，但是所谓的阴谋在很大程度上是他自己凭空想象出来的。
A friendly correspondence as neighbors and old acquaintances had continued between me and Mrs. Read’s family, who all had a regard for me from the time of my first lodging in their house.（从句拆译）从我第一次入住他们家开始，里德太太一家人就一直对我很关心，我们像是友好的邻居，又像是相识多年的老朋友那样，书信来往始终未断。
This land, which once barred the way of weary travelers, now has become a land for winter and summer vacations, a land of magic and wonder.（从句拆译）现在此处已经成为冬夏两季的度假胜地，风光景物，蔚为奇观；而从前，筋疲力尽的旅游者到此只得止步。
Some men have been virtuous blindly, others have speculated fantastically, and others have been shrewd to bad purposes. （单词拆译）有些人品行端正，但却不去推究为什么要这样做；有些人深思熟虑，但却流于脱离现实；有些人非常精明，但却把精明用于邪道。
Next door, a larger-than-expected audience of 300 attended the Fifteenth International Conference on Environment Protection.（词组拆译）隔壁大厅里，参加“第十五届国际环境保护大会”的人数竟达300名之多，这真是出乎意料。
On behalf of all of your American guests, I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.（从句拆译）我谨代表所有美国客人向你们表示感谢，感谢你们无可比拟的盛情款待，中国人民以这种热情好客而闻名于世。
It is extraordinary that in all the years the British spent in Egypt they never got to know the real people of Egypt. （部分倒置）英国人在埃及消磨的岁月如此之长，而对真正的埃及人民却一无所知，这点颇不寻常。
Such is human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers.（部分倒置）许多人常常宁愿牺牲较高的工资以换取白领工人的社会地位，这在西方倒是人之常情。
And he knew how ashamed he would have been ①if his girl friend had known ②his mother ③and the kind of place where he was born, and ④the kind of people among whom he was born. ⑤（全部倒置）他出生在这类人中间，⑤出生在这样的地方，④他有这样的母亲，③这些如果让他女朋友知道了的话，②他明白有多么丢人。
①A great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slums when in the United States the intellectual poor ①became the classic poor, the poor under the rather romantic guise of the Beat Generation, ②a real phenomenon in the late fifties. ③（全部倒置）50年代后期，美国出现了一种任何人都不可能视而不见的现象，③穷知识分子以“垮掉的一代”这种颇为浪漫的姿态出现而成为美国典型的穷人②：正是在这个时候，大批大学毕业生被赶进知识分子贫民窟。
①。
Any man on the street scarcely realizes that whereas the disappearance, or even what we see in some quarters, the continuous neglect and degradation of the teaching profession, must mean a disaster to the entire nation. （部分倒置）如果没有教师这一职业，或者像在某些地区那样，教育事业长期不受重视并且每况愈下，那么就整个国家而言，这必将是一场灾难。
