江西财经大学考博英语阅读题及其精解
The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed.The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might.Many in these countries are looking at this process and Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi worrying:Won't the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?
There's no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful.Multinational corporations accounted for less than20%of international trade in1982.Today the figure is more than25%and growing rapidly.International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment.In Argentina,for instance,after the reforms of the early 1990s,multinationals went from43%to almost70%of the industrial production of the200largest firms.This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms,of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.
I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process:falling transportation and communication costs,lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers'demands.All these are beneficial,not
detrimental,to consumers.As productivity grows,the world's wealth increases.
Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty.Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the US,when the Standard Oil trust was broken up.The mergers of telecom companies,such as World Com, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress.On the contrary,the price of communications is coming down fast.In cars,too,concentration is increasing―witness Daimler and Chrysler,Renault and Nissan―but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt.
Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched.
A few weeks ago,Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the banking industry.Who is going to supervise,regulate and operate as lender of last resort with the gigantic banks that are being created? Won't multinationals shift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair competition?And should one country take upon itself the role of defending competition on issues that affect many other nations,as in the US vs.Microsoft case?
1.What is the typical trend of businesses today?
[A]To take in more foreign funds.
[B]To invest more abroad.
[C]To combine and become bigger.
[D]To trade with more countries.
2.According to the author,one of the driving forces behind M&A wave is________.
[A]the greater customer demands
[B]a surplus supply for the market
[C]a growing productivity
[D]the increase of the world's wealth
3.From paragraph4we can infer that________.
[A]the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers
[B]WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs
[C]the costs of the globalization process are enormous
[D]the Standard Oil trust might have threatened competition
4.Toward the new business wave,the writer's attitude can be said to be________.
[A]optimistic
[B]objective
[C]pessimistic
[D]biased
重点词汇：
acquisition/7Akwi5ziFEn/（收购；获得；获得物）即acquisit+（t）ion，acquisit为acquire（v.获得）之变形，-tion名词后缀。
hyperactive/7haipE（：）5rAktiv/（过度活跃的）即hyper+active，hyper-前缀超过；过度（h脱落，元音y变u，即为uper），active活跃的。
unsurpassed/5QnsE（：）5pB：st/（未被超越的）即un+surpass+ed，un-否定前缀，surpass（v.超过）←sur前缀超+pass过，-ed形容词后缀。If a pupil looks up at the teacher as a model，but not as a rival，he can never surpass the teacher.弟子如果视老师为榜样而非对手，他就永远超不过老师。
concentration/7kCnsen5treiFEn/（集中；专心；浓度）即
con+centr+ation，con-前缀一起，centr（=center）词根中心，-ation名词后缀，一起聚集在中心的→集中；专心。No fine work can be done without concentration and self-sacrifice and toil and doubt.没有全神贯注、自我牺牲、辛劳和怀疑，就做不出优秀的工作。concentration―the ability to do your son‘s homework while he is watching television专心-儿子看电视时你替他做家庭作业的本事。
multinational/mQlti5nAFEn（E）l/（跨国公司；跨国公司的）即multi+national，multi-前缀多（如multiple→multi+ple倍→v.加倍；多倍的；倍数），national国家的。
affiliate/E5filieit/（v.附属；附属机构）即af+fili+ate，af-加强前缀，fili谐音费力，-ate后缀，想让别人成为自己的附属是很费力的。
phenomenon/fi5nCminEn/（现象）复数形式为phenomena.Nature is by no means inferior to art，and no works of art is not the imitation of various phenomena of nature.自然绝对不低于艺术，艺术作品无一不是对种种自然现象的模仿。
M&A（兼并与收购）即文中提到的mergers and acquisitions.
detrimental/7detri5mentl/（有害的）可看作detri+mental，detri 谐音淡吃（沪方言，表示只吃饭而不吃菜），mental谐音馒头，于是淡吃馒
头→天天只吃馒头而不吃菜对身体是有害的。
megamerger/5me^EmE：dVE/（大兼并）←mega大+merger.
supervise/5sju：pEvaiz/（监督；管理）←super在上面+vis看+e，参supervision（2002年Text2）。
gigantic/dVai5^Antik/（巨大的）即gigant+ic，gigant（=giant）巨人，-ic形容词后缀，巨人的→巨大的。He has a gignatic appetite，and eats gigantic meals.他食量很大，能吃很多食物。
infringement/in5frindVmEnt/（侵害）即in+fringe+ment，in-否定前缀，fringe（边缘；刘海；穗），-ment名词后缀，已经不在边缘→侵入内部→侵害；infringe（v.侵害）←in+fringe.China‘s sovereignty and territorial integrity must not be infringed.中国的主权和领土完整决不允许侵犯。
pessimistic/7pesi5mistik/（悲观的）即pessimist+ic，pessimist 悲观主义者，-ic形容词后缀。pessimist―①a man who thinks that God created the earth in six days and then was laid off②an optimist with a sense of reality悲观主义者-①一个认为上帝用六天时间创造了世界，然后就被解雇了的人②具有现实感的乐观主义者。
warn against告诫防范；take upon oneself承担。
难句解析：
①International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment.▲本句的主干是International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies，后面的that open up and welcome foreign investment是economies的定语从句。
△注意一些词汇的含义：affiliate名词，意为分支机构，此处是指在世界各地都有分支的多国公司，并且是全句的主语；account for是……的原因；economies在此处指经济领域的国家概念，因此用复数。
②This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms,of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.▲of smaller economic firms与of national businessmen都是the role的补语；而over the role of smaller economic firms，of national businessmen与over the ultimate stability of the world economy都与concern相关连，是其补语。
△本句的重点在于看好concerns后面的结构，注意over the role与over the ultimate stability并列，而the role的后面有两个并列的of 结构。
③I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process:falling transportation and communication costs,lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers'demands.▲本句主语为I，谓语为believe，that引导了believe的宾语从句，其中的又一个that可替换为as the ones that，是一个定语从句。冒号后面的部分是the most important forces的同位语，其中markets后面的that从句是markets的定语，capable of meeting customers'demands是operations的补语。
△underlie在下面，作基础；barriers障碍物，壁垒；operations经营运作；meet sb's demands满足某人需求。
④And should one country take upon itself the role of defending
competition on issues that affect many other nations,as in the U.S. vs.Microsoft case?▲此句的主干是should one country take upon itself the role，而that affect many other nations是issues的定语从句。as in the U.S.vs.Microsoft case是issues的补语。on issues是take upon itself the role的状语。
△注意本句在阅读的时候要抓住它本身是一个文句，另外，vs.的意思对正确理解也很重要，它是指对垒，对阵，在法律的情景中就是起诉，对簿公堂的意思。
试题解析：
5.[C]意为：合并并变得庞大。
第一段就指出，世界正在经历有史来最大的合并和兼并热潮，这一热潮以前所未有的态势席卷了异常活跃的美国和欧洲，并延伸到新经济国家。
A意为：吸收更多的外资。
B意为：更多地向海外投资。
D意为：与更多的国家做买卖。
6.[A]意为：顾客更大的需要。
第三段剖析了造成合并和兼并热潮（M&A wave）的重要原因。在作者看来，这些因素和导致（经济）日趋全球化的过程是一样的，如：交通运输成本的日趋下降，贸易和投资障碍的减少，以及扩大的市场：扩大的市场需要市场业务的扩大，以满足顾客的需要。作者又总结说，所有这些因素都对顾客有益，而不会有害。在以上提到的三个因素中，包括了根据顾客的需要扩大市场这个因素。
B意为：对市场的额外供给。
C意为：日益增长的生产率。
D意为：世界财富的增长。
以上提到的三个原因不包括B、C、D提到的内容。
7.[D]意为：标准石油联合公司可能曾对竞争形成过威胁。
第四段第一、二句提到，要找出目前合并热潮带来的利益和降低成本的例子还很困难，但是，如果现在有几个石油公司合并，很难想像会再次产生近乎100年前所引起人们恐慌的对（公平）竞争的威胁，这一情况当时是由于美国的标准石油联合公司解体而造成的。
A意为：日益增长的合并热潮肯定会损害顾客的利益。第四段第三、四、五句提到，像WorldCom这样的电信公司合并几乎没有给消费者带来更高的价格，或减缓技术进步的步伐，相反，通信业务的价格迅速降低；汽车工业也在合并，但也没有迹象表明消费者的利益受到伤害。
B意为：WorldCom是一个（合并）带来利益和降低成本的好例子。参阅第四段第三句，这句强调的是价格没有随着合并而提高，并没有提到价格降低问题，因此，合并虽然没有伤害消费者，也没有给他们带来利益。
C意为：全球化过程成本巨大。本段没有涉及这方面的问题。
8.[B]意为：客观的。
本文描述了目前的合并热潮，第二段用数据证明了目前这种情况的现实存在，第三段解释了造成这一现象的原因，第四段具体分析了合并热潮的影响，认为人们没有必要担心，但是在最后一段，作者也提醒人们注意合并活动的动向。可见，作者没有对合并热潮过于悲观或乐观，而是提到了它可能产生的正反两方面的影响，对这一现象的产生采取了审慎理智的客观态度。
A意为：乐观的。
C意为：悲观的。
D意为：有偏见的。
全文翻译：
世界正在经历一场前所未有的巨大的并购浪潮。这个浪潮从异常活跃的美国席卷到欧洲，并以不可比拟的威力影响到正在崛起的国家。这些国家的许多人面对这个浪潮开始忧虑：企业合并的浪潮会不会变成一股不可控制的反竞争的力量？
无疑，大企业正在变得更大、更强。跨国公司在1982年只占有国际贸易不到20％的份额。而现在，这个数字上升到25％强，并且还在迅速上升。在那些对外开放并鼓励外资的国家的经济中国际分公司在国民生产中成为一个快速增长的部门。比如，在阿根廷，经过90年代初的改革之后，跨国公司在200家大型企业的工业生产中从43％增加到几乎70％。这个现象造成了人们对小型企业和民族资本的作用以及世界经济的最终稳定的严重忧虑。
我认为，推动这股巨大的并购浪潮的最主要的力量，也是推动全球化进程的力量，包括日趋下降的运输与通讯费用，较低的贸易与投资壁垒，以及市场的扩大和为满足市场需求而进行的扩大生产。所有这些对消费者来说都有益而无害的。随着生产力的提高，世界的财富也在增长。
目前证明这股合并浪潮是带来利还是弊的实例并不多。但是很难想像当今的几个石油公司的合并是否会重新造成约100年前美国标准石油公司对竞争造成的同样的威胁，那时由于人们对该公司的这种担心而导致了它最终的解散。像世界通讯这样的通讯公司合并似乎没有给消费者带来更高的价格，或者降低技术进步的速度。相反，通信的价格在迅速下降。在汽车行业，合并也同样在增加-比如戴姆勒与克莱斯勒，雷诺与尼桑的合并-但消费者看起来并未受到伤害。
但是合并运动必须受到严密监视这个事实仍然存在。就在几星期以前，格林斯潘对银行业的巨大合并发出了警告。如果合并后如此巨大的银行出
现，谁来充当最终的借贷者，发挥监督、规范和运作的作用呢？当一个国家对破坏公平竞争的行为的处理过于严厉时，跨国公司会不会把它们的生产从一地转到另一地呢？在那些将会影响许多其他国家的事情中，如美国政府与微软公司的诉讼案，一个国家是否应该担负起保护竞争的责任呢？
本文由“育明考博”整理编辑
考博英语（阅读理解）-试卷80 (总分：40.00，做题时间：90分钟) 一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00) Too much alcohol dulls your senses, but a study in Japan shows that moderate drinkers have a higher IQ than teetotalers. Researchers at the National Institute for Longevity Sciences in Aichi Prefecture, 250 kilometers west of Tokyo, tested the IQs of 2000 people between the ages of 40 and 79. They found that, on average, men who drank moderately — defined as less than 540 milliliters of sake or wine a day — had an IQ that was 3. 3 points higher that men who did not drink at all. Women drinkers scored 2. 5 points higher than female teetotalers. The type of alcohol didn't influence the results. The volunteers tried a variety of tipples, which ranged from beer and whisky to wine and sake. The researchers are quick to point out that the results do not necessarily show that drinking will make you more intelligent. "It's very difficult to show a cause-effect relationship," says senior researcher Hiroshi Shimokata. "We screened subjects for factors such as income and education, but there may be other factors such as lifestyle and nutritional intake. " Shimokata says that people who drink sake, or Japanese rice wine, tend to eat more raw fish. This could be a factor in enhanced intelligence, as fish often contain essential fatty acids that have been linked to brain development. Similarly, wine drinkers eat a lot of cheese, which is not something Japanese people normally consume or buy. Shimokata says the high fat content of cheese is thought to be good for the brain. If alcoholic drinks are directly influencing IQ, Shimokata believes chemicals such as polyphenols could be the critical factor. They are known to have antioxidant properties and other beneficial effects on ageing bodies, such as dilating constricted coronary arteries. The study is part of a wider research project to find out why brain function deteriorates with age.（分数：10.00） (1).The Japanese study was carried out on______.（分数：2.00） A.the development of IQ B.the secret of longevity C.the brain food in a glass D.the amount of healthy drinking (2).The Japanese researchers found a higher IQ in______.（分数：2.00） A.female teetotalers than in male ones B.female drinkers than in male ones C.moderate drinkers D.teetotalers (3).When he says that it is very difficult to show cause-effect relationship, Shimokata means that______.（分数：2.00） A.the study failed to involve such variables as income and education B.he is doubtful of the findings of the investigation C.there are some other contributing factors D.the results were just misleading (4).From Shimokata's mention of fish and cheese we can infer that in enhancing intelligence______.（分数：2.00） A.sake or wine is a perfect match for fish and cheese B.they promote the drinking effect of sake or wine C.they are not as effective as sake and wine D.sake or wine is not alone (5).Based on the study, Shimokata would say that______.（分数：2.00） A.intelligence improves with age
2015年考博 单选： 有少部分原题（出自曾建彬《研究生英语》《研究生高级英语》） 阅读理解： 第一篇：Education is one of the key words of our time. A man without an education, most of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances, deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of education, modern states "invest" in institutions of learning to get back "interest" in the form. of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, punctuated by textbooks—that purchasable wells of wisdom—what would civilization be like without its benefits? So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and births—but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress on "facts and figures" and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and the capacity of a man is to get along with his fellow-citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form. of "college" imaginable. Among tribal people all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect every- body is equipped for life. It is the ideal condition of the "equal start" which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain. In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all. There are no "illiterates"—if the term can be applied to peoples without a script—while our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England in 1876, and is still non-existent in a number of "civilized" nations. This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure that all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the "happy few" during the past centuries. Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. All are entitled to an equal start. There is none of the hurry, which, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality. There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parents' and therefore the jungles and the savannahs know of no "juvenile delinquency". No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children, and no father is confronted with his inability to "buy" an education for his child. (选自新概念) 第二篇：关于在Internet site上挂条幅广告销售商品的。第一题问：文章开头是什么意思，我选择了，和传统广告一样，互联网广告也是为了促使消费者冲动消费。有一题问：下列哪些选项作者没提及：我选了传统广告在较长的竞争中必然会战胜网络广告方式。有一题关于互联网广告的：我选择了需要做些change来保持他的竞争性什么的。最后一题问作者对互联网广告的态度：uncertain,objective,X,X.另两个记不清了，我选的客观的。 第三篇：关于脸书，推特等这些网络平台火的原因，强调以前的网络平台web1.只是让你看别人提供的content，而web 2.如这些社交平台是让你能跟别人交流自己creat content,而不是enjoy 别人提供的content.一题问：Myspace社交平台火的原因：我选了有content的那个选项。有题问下面哪个选项作者没提及：我选了大家怀念web1.那个选项。 第3篇This reading comprehension focuses on social networks. It's followed by key vocabulary
北京外国语大学考博英语阅读真题解析Text4 It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful, provocative magazine cover story,“I love My Children,I Hate My Life,”is arousing much chatter–nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling,life-enriching experience.Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable,Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness:instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy,we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition.Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard,Senior writes that“the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.” （PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537)毫无疑问，Jennifer Senior在有煸动意味的的杂志封面故事中表达了 她的独到见解，“我爱我的孩子们，我讨厌我的生活”——这唤起了人们 的谈兴。人们一谈到养孩子就会觉得这是一件完全令人愉悦、生活充实的事 情。Jennifer Senior没有指出养孩子到底是使得父母快乐呢还是痛苦呢， 她倒是认为，我们需要重新定义幸福：幸福不应该是一个个瞬间的快乐组合 的可以被衡量的东西;我们应该把幸福视为一种过去式的状态。尽管抚养孩 子的日子漫长难熬，令人筋疲力尽，但是Jennifer Senior认为，正是那些 心绪沉重的时刻，日后却成为我们欢乐的源泉。 The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute
2015西南财经大学考博英语历年真题 一、招考介绍 从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。攻读博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。 二、西南财经大学考博英语题型 Part1:词汇,30题15分 Part2:阅读理解,四篇20题40分 Part3:短文翻译,英译汉15分汉译英15分 Part4:作文,15分 三、考博英语必备参考书 育明考博教研部主编,河北大学出版社出版的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。在当当网，亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售，也可以联系我们直接购买。 四、联系导师 在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。 大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。一般情况下，导师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。 通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种： （1）、欢迎报考。这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。 （2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。其实这样还是比较好的一种回答，最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己，考的好就可以上。
育明考博 免费咨询报名电话：400-668-6978咨询QQ：493371626（李老师） 2015考博QQ交流群105619820 2015考博QQ英语群335488903 2015考博QQ专业课群157460416 2015长安大学考博英语分析 一、招考介绍 从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。攻读博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。 二、联系导师 在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。 大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。一般情况下，导师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。 通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种： （1）、欢迎报考。这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。 （2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。其实这样还是比较好的一种回答，最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己，考的好就可以上。 (3）、你的研究方向和我一样......各种一大堆他的研究方向和你相关，欢迎报考什么的话。不
考博心得之考博英语阅读理解 阅读理解在大家看来，是英语考试中最关键的部分，因为这部分所占的分数最多，在试卷中的地位举足轻重。有很多方面的书籍，介绍大家如何来提高阅读理解水平，却很少提到不同类别的英语考试试卷中，都有自己的出题特点。其结果是，大凡英语考试，大家都采用几乎一样的思考模式，这在相当程度上影响了具体类别考试复习时的针对性。 首先，介绍如何提高阅读理解的基本功 很多参考书中（推荐一本考博英语阅读理解精练220篇(上下册)）。都提到在阅读时，不能读出声来，要快速的阅读。要达到这个水平需要相当的训练，可惜的是大部分考生由于各种原因，没有这样的条件。根据个人的体会，阅读中，碰到的最大问题往往不是理解不了其中内容，经常让人头痛的是阅读过程中，会在一些关键地方碰到自己不认识的单词，大大影响了自己对文章的领悟。所以第一个基本功还是词汇部分，我们不需要把大纲中所有的词汇（考博英语10000词汇详解）都会拼写，因为除了写作之外，会认某个词与会写某个词没区别，即使是写作，用到的词也都是常见的。 学会用自己的呼吸来控制自己的阅读，进而提高阅读速度。这点可能不少朋友没有听说过吧，对，这是我自己体会后总结出来的。针对一个句子，大家要学着在吸气的过程中，看明白前半部分的意思，而在呼气的过程中，看明白后一半的内容。开始训练时，大部分人达不到这个要求，没关系，重新吸气，呼气，直到这个句子看懂。选择的文章不要太难，但也不能过于简单，仔细体会这个过程。 我比较推荐的一个方法是：充分利用选择填空题目，在要填空的位置上，先写上正确的答案，然后尝试着在一个呼吸过程中看懂它所表述的意思。这不仅将来能提高选择填空的阅读速度，也提高了语感。当训练的差不多后，可以转入阅读文章了，把呼吸和大脑的思维连贯性统一起来。 其次，阅读理解过程中，需要从头读到尾吗？ 这个问题，我也曾经问了自己很多次。经过尝试后，我总结的经验是没必要。说起来大家可能不相信，我觉得阅读理解，如其说是阅读，不如说是把文章的内容结构搞懂：这篇阅读理解分了几个段落？每个段落中最重要的那个主旨句要表达的是什么意思？文章作者是以什么口气、什么态度来看待自己文章所描述的内容的？实际就是从宏观上把握作者的意图 全面阅读有什么不？第一个就是浪费时间，考试中的时间是最宝贵的，如果费了不少时间读懂了文章的某些内容（即使是比较重要的），可偏巧这在后边的题目中又没有体现出来，不就是浪费时间和精力吗？第二就是使得人容易忘记其他部分的内容，当我们看第一段的时候，看明白它的内容了，可当你把最后一段也看懂之，第一段的内容你还能记得多少呢？这个问题在阅读理解进行到第三篇，第四篇的时候尤其突出，以至于头晕脑胀。相信很多人有这个感觉，英语考试过程中，觉得自己脑力不够用，或者考试结束后有朦胧的倦意。这对后边题目的完成绝对是个巨大威胁。第三就是缺乏对整个文章的理解，由于在全面阅读过程中，人的精力集中在具体句子的理解上，冲淡了整体的认识，而几乎每个阅读理解后的题目中，总少不了1个或2个关于文章整体概括性的题目，稍有偏差，就会出错。
2013浙江大学考博英语阅读试题
学苑教育考博辅导老师为您提供备考建议，希望对您有所帮助。 Today,cigarette smoking is a common habit. About forty-three percent of the adult menand thirty-one percent of the adult women in the United States smoke cigarettesregularly. It is encouraging to see that millions of people have given upsmoking. It is a fact that men as a group smoke more than women. Among both men andwomen the age group with the highest proportion of smokers is 24-44. Income, education, and occupation all play a part in determining a person’ssmoking habit. City people smoke more than people living on farms.Well-educated men with high incomes are less likely to smoke cigarettes thanmen with fewer years of schooling and lower incomes. On the other hand, if awell-educated man with a higher income smoked at all, he is likely to smokemore packs of cigarettes per day. The situation is somewhat different for women.(80)There are slightly moresmokers among women with higher family income and higher education than amongthe lower income and lower educational groups. These more highly educated womentend to smoke more heavily. Among teenagers the picture is similar. There are fewer teenaged smokers fromupper-income, well-educated families, and fewer from families living in farmareas. Children are most likely to start smoking if one or both of theirparents smoke. 1. What do we know from the first paragraph ? A.More and more people take up the habit of smoking. B. There are more smoking women than smoking men in USA. C. It is good news that more people have given up smoking. D. The U.S. has more smoking people than any other country. 2.What factors determine a person’s smokinghabits ?
中央民族大学考博英语阅读真题及其解析When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend.A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although,in the manner of a disgraced government minister,I covered my exit by claiming“I wanted to spend more time with my family". Curiously,some two-and-a-half years and two novels later,my experiment in what the Americans term"downshifting"has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality.I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of“have it all",preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything. I have discovered,as perhaps Kelsey will after her Geng duo yuan xiao zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress,that abandoning the doctrine of "juggling your life",and making the alternative move into “downshifting”brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed:12-hour working days,pressured deadlines,the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on“quality time”.
考博英语阅读资料100篇 Unit One Passage 1 The physical distribution of products has two primary aspects: transportation and storage. Both aspects are highly developed and specialized phases of marketing. The costs of both trans-porting and storing are built into the prices of products. Transportation can be by truck, rail- way, ship, or barge. For some items, such as exotic plants and flowers, or when rapid delivery is essential, air freight may be used. Storage, or warehousing, is a necessary function because production and consumption of goods rarely match: items generally are not sold as quickly as they are made. Inventories build up, both in warehouses and at retail establishments, before the foods are sold. The transporta-tion function is involved in bringing goods to a warehouse and taking them from it to retail stores. Storage performs the service of stabilizing market price. If, for example, no agricultural product could be stored, all food would have to be put on the market immediately. This would, of course, create a glut and lower prices drastically. There would be an immediate benefit to consumers, but in the long run they would suffer. Farmers, because of low prices, would be forced off the land, and the amount of food produced would decrease. This, in turn, would raise consumer prices. Warehouses for storage are of several types. Private warehouses are owned by manufactur-ers. Public warehouses, in spite of their name, are privately owned facilities, but they are in-dependent of manufacturer ownership. General-merchandise warehouses store a great variety of products. Cold-storage warehouses store perishable goods, especially food products. Grain ele-vators are a kind of warehouse used to keep wheat and other grains from spoiling. A bonded warehouse is one that stores foods, frequently imported, on which taxes must be paid before they are sold. Cigarettes and alcoholic beverages are common examples. The distribution center is a more recently developed kind of warehouse. Many large com- panics have several manufacturing plants, sometimes located outside the country. Each plant does not make every company product but specializes in one or more of them. The distribution center allows a manufacturer to bring together all product lines in one place. Its purpose is to minimize storage and to ease the flow of goods from manufacturers to retailers rather than build up extensive inventories. It reduces costs by speeding up product turnover. V ery large corporations will have several distribution centers regionally or internationally based 1. The main subject of this passage is______. A) transportation and storage B) storage of products C) distribution center D) two main aspects of product distribution 2. Warehousing is important in that _ A) inventories build up before the goods are sold B) the prices will go down C) more goods are produced than can be consumed D) the food has to be put on the market immediately 3. How many types of warehouses for storage are discussed in the passage?
Unit 9 文化教育类 Passage 1（清华大学2008年考博试题） In a year marked by uncertainty and upheaval, officials at New Orleans universities that draw applicants nationwide are not following the usual rules of thumb when it comes to college admissions. The only sure bet, they say, is that this fall’s entering classes—the first since Katrina—will be smaller than usual. In typical years, most college admissions officials can predict fairly by this point in the admissions cycle how many high school seniors will commit to enrolling in their institutions. Many of the most selective schools require students—who increasingly are applying to multiple institutions—to make their choices by May 1. Loyola University, whose trustees will vote May 19 on whether to drop several degree programs and eliminate 17 faculty positions, received fewer applications—about 2,900 to date, compared with 3,500 in recent years. The school hopes to enroll 700 freshmen, down from 850 in the past few years. Historically black Dillard University, which is operating out of a hotel and was forced to cancel its annual March open house, also saw drops, as did Xavier University, a historically black Catholic institution that fell behind its recruitment schedule. Dillard won’t release numbers, but spokeswoman Maureen Larkins says applications were down and enrollments are expected to be lower than in the past. Xavier admissions Dean Winston Brown says its applicant pool fell by about half of last year’s record 1,014; he hopes to enroll 500 freshmen.
考博英语阅读理解模拟练习及解析（5） Real policemen,both Britain and the United States hardly recognize any resemblance between their lives and what they see on TV-if they ever get home in time.There are similarities,of course,but the cops don't think much of them. The first difference is that a policeman's real life revolves round the law. Most of his training is in criminal law.He has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court.He has to know nearly as much law as a professional lawyer,and what is more,he has to apply it on his feet,in the dark and rain,running down an alley after someone he has to talk to. Little of his time is spent in chatting to scantily clad ladies or in dramatic confrontations with desperate criminal.He will spend most of his working life typing millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad,unimportant people who are guilty-or not-of stupid,petty crimes. Most television crime drama is about finding the criminal;as soon as he's arrested,the story is over.In real life,finding criminals is seldom much of a problem.Except in very serious cases like murders and terrorist attacks-where failure to produce results reflects on the standing of the police-little effort is spent on searching.The police have an elaborate machinery which eventually shows up most wanted men. Having made an arrest,a detective really starts to work.He has to prove his case in court and to do that he often has to gather a lot of different evidence. Much of this has to be given by people who don't want to get involved in a court case.So as well as being overworked,a detective has to be out at all hours of the day and night interviewing his witnesses and persuading them,usually against their own best interests,to help him. A third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant moral twilight in which the real one lives.Detectives are subject to two opposing pressures:first as members of a police force they always have to behave with absolute legality,secondly,as expensive public servants they have to get results.They can hardly ever do both.Most of the time some of them have to break the rules in small ways. If the detective has to deceive the world,the world often deceives him.Hardly anyone he meets tells him the truth.And this separation the detective feels between himself and the rest of the world is deepened by the simple mindedness-as he sees it-of citizens,social workers,doctors,law makers,and judges,who,instead of stamping out crime punish the criminals less severely in the hope that this will make them reform.The result,detectives feel,is that nine tenths of their work is reaching people who should have stayed behind bars.This makes them rather cynical. 1．It is essential for a policeman to be trained in criminal law________.