常见听力速记符号总结

之阳早格格创做1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference: Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time. Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts andreferences.S = sumf = frequency Leave out periods in standardabbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = depart ment Use only the first syllable of aword.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalism Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individ ualcons = conservative Eliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizableabbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = infor mationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maxi mumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = mi nimumrep = repetition Omit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of theword.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = government Use an apostrophe in place ofletters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = govern menteducat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by addings.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductions Use g to represent ingendings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decre asingexptg = experimenting Spell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key. Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense withshorthand. Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the. If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter. Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitionalwords.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against\ = therefore= = is or equal Use technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.'Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially writtenout in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp/闭于缩略词汇一、缩略词汇英语核心缩略词汇使用的频次很下，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible.很隐然如果能流利掌握缩略词汇，会对于考查大有裨益.缩略词汇的写法普遍为四种办法：F拿掉所有元音MKT: marketMGR: managerMSG: messageSTD: standardRCV: receiveF死存前几个字母INFO informationINS insuranceEXCH exchangeI owe you IOUIn stead of I/OF死存启头战末端个收音字母WK weekRM roomPL peopleF根据收音R areTHO thoughTHRU through下档心译听力时常使用英语缩略词汇表缩略词汇本词汇APT ApartmentACC AccountantACDG AccordingACPT AcceptAD AdvertisementADS AddressADVAdviceAMAP As much/many as possibleAMT AmountAPV ApproveASAP As soon as possibleBAL BalanceBLDG BuildingCERT CertificateCFM ConformCNCL CancelCNF ConferenceCMI CommissionCMP CompleteCMPE Compete/competitiveCMU CommunicationCONC Concern/concerning/concernedCOND ConditionCO. CompanyDEPT DepartmentDISC DiscountDPT DepartureEXCH ExchangeEXPLN ExplainEXT ExtentFLT FlightFNT FinalFRT FreightFYR For your referenceGD GoodGUAR GuaranteeH.O. Home officeINFO InformationIMPS ImpossibleIMP(T) ImportantINCD IncludeINDIV IndividualINS InsuranceINTST InterestedI/O In stead ofIOU I owe youIVO In view ofMANUF ManufactureMDL ModelMEMO MemorandumMGR MangerMIN MinimumMKT MarketMSG MessageNCRY NecessaryNLT No later thanOBS ObserveOBT ObtainORD OrdinaryPAT PatentPC PiecePKG PackingPL PeoplePLS PleasePOSN PositionPOSS(BL) PossiblePROD ProductQLTY QualityQUTY QuantityRCV ReceiveREF ReferenceREGL RegularREP RepresentativeRESN ReservationRPT RepeatRESPON ResponsibleSEC SectionSITN SituationSTD StandardTEL TelephoneTEMPTemporaryTGM TelegraphTHO ThoughTKS ThanksTRD TradeTRF TrafficTTL TotalU YouUR YourWK WeekWL WillWT WeightXL Extra large闭于字母战图像两、字母、图像Z 表示"人"people/person，果为"Z"瞅上去像部分头，它常常被写正在一个词汇或者标记的左上角.比圆：日自己：JZ.C 表示政府，统制：government，govern 希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以便用C去表示govern, ernmental official 不妨表示为 CZP 表示政事：politics, political希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics, political.那么politician便不妨表示为 PZE 表示总数：total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. E 数教标记表示总值.G 表示效用：efficient, effective.G 为效用标记.Q 表示"通货伸展"：inflation果为那个标记酷似一个降下的气球.A 表示农业: agriculture. agriculture经时常使用到，所以用尾字母代替.B 表示商业：business.C×表示辩论，冲突：conflict， confrontation "C×"中的"×"表示阻挡于，字母"C"将阻挡于的观念缩小为conflict 战confrontation.W 表示处事，工做: work, employ 等.它是work的第一个字母.所以WZ便不妨用去表示worker, 而W(Z正在字母上圆表示employer, 正在字母下圆表示employee).i 表示工业: industry, industrial 字母i 像只烟囱，所以用去不妨用去表示工业.U U 瞅酷似一个酒杯，正在条记中表示合共、协议（treaty, agreement）普遍惟有正在道判乐成、协议成接后才会表示"举杯祝贺".如果正在U内挖进2××××，便不妨表示为bilateral（单边的）, 挖进3表示为trilateral(三边的).挖进正在U中挖进1表示: Unilateralism （单边主义），挖进m (multiple) 表示多边主义.如果正在U 上加一个"/"××××表示道判破裂.O 表示"国家"、"民族"、"收土"等：country, state, nation, etc.gO表示进心，Og表示出心那个标记酷似一把椅子，不妨表示主持、主办：chair, host, preside over.那么正在此标记上加Z表示主席，主持人：chairman, host, etc.T 表示"收袖人"：leader, head那么head of government, head of company 即不妨表示为 CT⊙圆圈表示一个圆桌，中间一面表示一盆花，那个标记便不妨表示聚会、启会等：meeting，conference， negotiation，seminar，discussion，symposiumk 那个标记瞅上像条鱼，所以表示"挨鱼业"等合fishery 有闭的词汇汇.O 圆圈代表天球，横线表示赤讲，所以那个标记便不妨表示国际的、天下的、寰球的等: international, worldwide, global, universal, etc.J 表示启心：pleasant, joyful，happy，excited, etc.L 表示没有谦、气愤unsatisfied, discomfort, angry, sad, etc.EO 表示听到、总所周之：as we all know, as is known to all, as you have already heard of, etc.O 表示漠没有闭心、漠不体贴：indifferent, apathetic, unconcern, don't care much, etc.用箭头、数教标记、标面标记去表示三、箭头g 表示到达、传达：go into，arrive at，give to，send to，present to etc.表示引导、带收：lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc.表示伸服：submit tof 表示去自于：be/come from，return，receive from, etc.表示逃溯到：come/go back to，originateh 表示降下：up/upward/rise，increase，arise，ascend, etc.表示收射、投搁商场、收止：launch，open, start, etc.表示死少、加强、促成：develop，strengthen， promote, etc表示"挫合"：ups and downs, twists and turns, etc.四、数教标记+ 表示"多": many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.++(+2) 表示"多"的比较级：more+3 表示"多"的最下档：most－表示"少": little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc.×表示"过得"、"过得"战"坏"的观念：wrong/incorrect，something bad，notorious，negative, etc.> 表示"多于"观念：bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc.表示"下" 观念：superior to，surpass, etc.< 表示"少于"观念：less/smaller，etc.表示"矮"观念：inferior to，etc.= 表示"共等"观念：means，that is to say， in other words，the same as，be equal to, etc.表示"对于脚"观念：a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.( ) 表示"正在......之间"：among, within, etc.≠ 表示"分歧"观念：be different from, etc.表示"无敌"观念：matchless, peerless, etc.～表示"约莫"观念：about/around，or so， approximately, etc./ 表示"可定"，"取消"等观念：cross out, eliminate, etc.五、标面等: 表示百般百般"道"的动词汇：say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc.? 表示"问题"：question，issue，比圆：台湾问题：tw?. (dot) 那个"."面的位子分歧表示的观念也纷歧样".d"表示yesterday, ".y"表示last year, ".2m"表示two month ago."y"表示this year, "y2." two year later"next week", 不妨表示为"wk."∧表示转合√ 表示"佳的"状态，right/good，famous/well-known，etc.表示"共意"状态，stand up for，support， agree with sb, certain/ affirmative, etc.☆表示"要害的"状态：important，exemplary（模范的） best，outstanding，brilliant，etc.n 表示"接流"状态：exchange，mutual, etc.& 表示"战"，"取"：and，together with，along with， accompany，along with，further more，etc.∥表示"中断"：end，stop，halt，bring sth to a standstill/stop, etc.六、较少单词汇的处理办法-ism 简写为 m 比圆：socialism Sm-tion 简简写为 n 比圆：standardization (尺度化) stdn-cian 简简写为 o 比圆：technician techo-ing 简写为 g 比圆：marketing (商场营销) MKTg-ed 简写为 d 比圆：accepted acptd-able/ible/ble 简写为 bl 比圆：available avbl-ment 简写为 mt 比圆：amendment amdmt-ize 简写为 z 比圆：recognize regz-ful 简写为 fl 比圆：meaningful mnfl。

e.g. for example< less than≤ no more than> more than≥ no less than≈ approximately= equal to≠ not equal to* important** very important ×wrong, bad√ right, good↑ increase↓ decrease+ better－worse∵because∴so← reason→ result? question! key point∈belong to& and缩写:cont. for continueded educationProf. professerch childcurr curriculumchem chemistryhist historyc/room classroomgeog geographyLng learningbk bookprob probablyex exercisewith w/18th century 18c字母、图像Z 表示"人"people/person，因为"Z"看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。

例如：日本人：JZ。

C 表示政府，统治：government，govern 希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以就用C来表示govern, government。

governmental official 可以表示为CZP 表示政治：politics, political希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics, political。

那么politician就可以表示为PZE 表示总数：total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. E 数学符号表示总值。

1.表示到达、传达：go into，arrive at，give to，send to，present to etc.2.表示导致、引导：lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc.3.表示屈服：submit to1.表示来自于：be/come from，return，receive from, etc.2.表示追溯到：come/go back to，originate1.表示上升：up/upward/rise，increase，arise，ascend, etc.2.表示发射、投放市场、发行：launch，open, start, etc.3.表示发展、加强、推进：develop，strengthen，promote, etc表示“波折”：ups and downs, twists and turns, etc.常用速记数学符号汇编+表示“多”: many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.++(+2)表示“多”的比较级：more+3表示“多”的最高级：most-表示“少”: little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc.×表示“错误”、“失误”和“坏”的概念：wrong/incorrect，something bad，notorious，negative, etc.> 1.表示“多于”概念：bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc.2.表示“高”概念：superior to，surpass, etc.< 1.表示“少于”概念：less/smaller，etc.2.表示“低”概念：inferior to，etc.=1.表示“同等”概念：means，that is to say， in other words，the same as，be equal to, etc.2.表示“对手”概念：a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.( )表示“在......之间”：among, within, etc.≠1.表示“不同”概念：be different from, etc.2.表示“无敌”概念：matchless, peerless, etc.～表示“大约”概念：about/around，or so，approximately, etc./表示“否定”，“消除”等概念：cross out, eliminate, etc.记笔记：常用符号和缩略语(Note-taking: Useful Signs and Abbreviations)1. 常用笔记符号：符号信息意义箭头符号↑上升;提高;增强;上涨;增长;扩大;起飞;升空;提拔;晋升 (grow, expand, develop, rise, go up, increase , ascend, launch, skyrocket, soar, appreciation, promote, upwards)↓下降;下沉;降低;滑坡;轰炸;减少;恶化;降职;削减/裁减(drop to, bomb, jump, go down, descend,decrease, deteriorate, depreciation, reduce, downwards)↗上扬;渐渐好转(become better and better)↘下挫;不断亏损(become worse and worse)→出口;去;向前;出国;前往;运往;导致;发展成为… (export to, enter, arrive in/at, present to, result in, send to, transmit to, lead to, export to, cause)←回顾;从前;进口;倒退;来自;源于(come from, originate from, receive from, go back to, import from)例如：café← French意为: café源自于法语数学符号+ 增加;补充;除此之外另外(furthermore, in addition to, with, and, besides, etc)—减少;删除;缺乏(minus, lack)×表示“不对的，错的，坏的，不好的，臭名昭著的”(incorrect, wrong, bad, inappropriate, notorious)> 超过，大于，胜过，优于(more than, bigger than, surpass, better than, superior to)< 小于，不足，次于，逊色(fewer than, less than, worse than, inferior to)= 等于符号(equal) 在听力笔记中相当于“与…一样”(equal to, the same as)，另外可以表示“是…的对手“(a ri-val, a competitor)等意思。

IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible.1 拿掉所有元音MKT: market MGR: managerMSG: message STD: standard RCV: receive2 保留前几个字母INFO information NS insurance EXCH exchange I owe you IOU In stead of I/O3 保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK week RM roomPL people\ Z 表示"人"people/person，例如：日本人：JZ4 根据发音R are THO though THRU through高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表APT Apartment ACC AccountantACDG According ACPT AcceptAD Advertisement ADS AddressADV Advice AMAP As much/many as possibleAMT Amount APV ApproveASAP As soon as possible BAL BalanceBLDG Building CERT CertificateCFM Conform CNCL CancelCNF Conference CMI CommissionCMP Complete CMPE Compete/competitiveCMU Communication CONC Concern/concerning/concerned COND Condition CO. Company DPT DepartureDEPT Department DISC DiscountEXCH Exchange EXPLN ExplainEXT Extent FLT FlightFNT Final FRT FreightFYR For your reference GD GoodGUAR Guarantee H.O. Home officeINFO Information IMPS ImpossibleIMP（T）Important INCD IncludeINDIV Individual INS Insurance INTST Interested I/O In stead of IOU I owe you IVO In view ofMANUF Manufacture MDL ModelMEMO Memorandum MGR MangerMIN Minimum MKT MarketMSG Message NCRY NecessaryNLT No later than OBS ObserveOBT Obtain ORD OrdinaryPAT Patent PC PiecePKG Packing PLS PleasePOSN Position POSS（BL）Possible PROD Product QLTY QualityQUTY Quantity RCV ReceiveREF Reference REGL RegularREP Representative RESN ReservationRPT Repeat RESPON ResponsibleSEC Section SITN SituationSTD Standard TEL TelephoneTEMP Temporary TGM TelegraphTHO Though TKS ThanksTRD Trade TRF TrafficTTL Total U YouUR Your WK WeekWL Will WT Weight XL Extra large二、字母、图像C (control) 表示政府，统治：government，govern .governmental official 可以表示为CZP 表示政治：politician就可以表示为PZS (sum)/ E 表示总数：total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. E 数学符号表示总值。

雅思听力速记符号有哪些？学会雅思听力速记符号，得高分不再难。

在雅思考试中听译，口译考试听力部分最令人发怵的环节，初学者往往在这部分手忙脚乱，抓不到要领。

其实，要练好雅思考试中的听译，必须做到耳、心、手三者同步配合，但是在最开始的训练中，我们还是要一步步分开强化的。

听译突破的第一步中，我们先来总体介绍一下传说中的神秘“速记符号”——事实上，这绝非传说!这也不是什么申请了专利权的东西，就跟签名一样，大家各有各的方法和style。

但就初学者而言，还是要先了解一下最常见最通用的一些符号：从上面的这些文章中，大家是不是粗略了解到了一点速记的规律呢?简单说来，速记的基本技巧就是：1.缩写有固定缩写的用固定缩写，没有固定缩写的就自己创造。

例如organization：org，这个固定缩写比较常见，但是如果出现诸如handkerchief这样的词，大家可以记成hdkf、handkch 等各种形式，当然要先确保自己看得懂。

在这种情况下，也许直接记录中文会更省事，这也就是第二条基本技巧所要求的：2.杂交式速记所谓杂交式，就是说速记的时候英文缩写、英文字母、其他符号、中文都是要混合运用的，一般不太有全篇英文速记到底的情况。

哪种速记方式更快，那么下笔就用哪种。

3.图像法图像法包括简单图像和抽象符号，例如记录“压力”就可以画一条横线加一个向下压的箭头。

总的说来，笔记速记符号的掌握原则只有两个字：灵活。

就像涂鸦一样，这不是一成不变的东西，但绝对是要求多多练习的东西，不然涂鸦出来的就是一团糟而不是艺术创造了。

总体地了解一些速记符号、方法，只是打好听译功底的第一步，随后，还会继续告诉大家，在实战中如何去运用这些符号和方法，请大家先好好记住这些有用的符号，并自己多练练手吧。

外朗教育4999元托福/雅思保分课程/zhuanti/baofenkecheng/index.html。

1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference:Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references. S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = governmenteducat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against\ = therefore= = is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples: custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp/关于缩略词一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。

IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible.1 拿掉所有元音 MKT: market MGR: manager MSG: message STD: standard RCV: receive2 保留前几个字母 INFO information NS insurance EXCH exchange I owe you IOU In stead of I/O3 保留开头和结尾个发音字母 WK week RM roomPL people\ Z 表示"人"people/person，例如：日本人：JZ 4 根据发音 R are THO though THRU through高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表APT Apartment ACC AccountantACDG According ACPT AcceptAD Advertisement ADS AddressADV Advice AMAP As much/many as possible AMT Amount APV ApproveASAP As soon as possible BAL Balance BLDG Building CERT CertificateCFM Conform CNCL CancelCNF Conference CMI CommissionCMP Complete CMPE Compete/competitiveCMU Communication CONC Concern/concerning/concerned COND Condition CO. Company DPT Departure DEPT Department DISC DiscountEXCH Exchange EXPLN ExplainEXT Extent FLT FlightFNT Final FRT FreightFYR For your reference GD GoodGUAR Guarantee H.O. Home officeINFO Information IMPS ImpossibleIMP（T） Important INCD IncludeINDIV Individual INS InsuranceINTST Interested I/O In stead ofIOU I owe you IVO In view ofMANUF Manufacture MDL ModelMEMO Memorandum MGR MangerMIN Minimum MKT MarketMSG Message NCRY NecessaryNLT No later than OBS ObserveOBT Obtain ORD OrdinaryPAT Patent PC PiecePKG Packing PLS PleasePOSN Position POSS（BL） PossiblePROD Product QLTY QualityQUTY Quantity RCV ReceiveREF Reference REGL RegularREP Representative RESN ReservationRPT Repeat RESPON ResponsibleSEC Section SITN SituationSTD Standard TEL TelephoneTEMP Temporary TGM TelegraphTHO Though TKS ThanksTRD Trade TRF TrafficTTL Total U YouUR Your WK WeekWL Will WT Weight XL Extra large二、字母、图像C (control) 表示政府，统治：government，govern .governmental official 可以表示为 CZP 表示政治： politician就可以表示为 PZS (sum)/ E 表示总数：total, totally, entire, entirely, on thewhole, all in all, to sum up, ect. E 数学符号表示总值。

托福听力速记符号在〔托福〕考试中，托福听力考试中，学会速记是非常重要的，速记符号对我们非常有帮助。

下面是我为大家整理的关于托福听力速记符号的相关资料，希望帮到大家。

托福听力符号速记法1.派生词类：派生构词法是英语的主要构词方法。

记这类词的时候，可以去掉派生部分(除否定词缀)，意思完全足够。

省去派生部分可以节省很多时间。

例如：equipment-equip,Variation-vary, Impressionism-impress-press, realism- real, Dating-date, Recycling-recycle, Natural- nature, Circular-circle, Rotation-rotate，familiarize-familiar2..数学符号类：托福听力的题目基本是按照文本顺序出题的，这些数学符号不仅可以让我们记笔记的速度大大加快，也可以帮助我们更快更准地在笔记中定位题目出处，从而能够准确选出正确选项，比如问题是问原因，我们可以从∵或符号定位;问题问到不同或相同，从符号=，，我们也能够很快定位;题目是多项选择题，我们可以从+号处去定位。

3.专用符号类：一些化学物质的化学符号或者固定的简化方式。

例如：For example-e.g., Carbon dioxide- CO?, hydrogensulfide- H?S, Carbonic Acid- H?CO?, Sulfuric Acid- H?SO4, Oxygen-O2, hydrogen- H?, Zinc-Zn, Copper-Cu, helium-he, Ammonia-NH3托福怎么速记1.记关键词，所谓关键词，是指与听力中心内容有密切关系的词汇和短语，是考点的主要出处。

一般是实词，即名词，动词，形容词，副词，否定和数词。

抓住了听力中的关键词，整个文章的大意就呼之欲出了。

因此，记录关键词是最基本的方法。

c.f. : exampledept:departmentmax:maximummin:minimumbkgd:backgroundgvt :government// :parallel<---:as a result / consequence of--->: resulting in= :equal to / same as*: importantmsg:messagestd:standardrcv:receivewk:weekrm:roomad:advertisementz:people/personco:and so onesp:especiallyie:that is≈:about, approximate, or so,↑:increase↓:decrease∈:belongV:victory↗:development>< conflict, confrontation＜＜:difficulty⊙:conference, meeting∞:disagreement, discrepancy∽:in stead of△:stand for?：question∧:but, however( )：among, within, etctm:time∵:by reason that, because, owing to, inasmuch as; on the score of;in so much as; considering that; nowthat∴:therefore, so; consequently+ :many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc. (++(+2)：more, +3：most)－:little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc.×：wrong/incorrect，something bad√:right/good>：bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, superior to，surpass, etc.<：less/smaller，inferior to，etc.=:means，that is to say，in other words，the same as，be equal to, etc.:：say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc.. (dot)这个"."点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样".d"表示yesterday, ".y"表示last year, ".2m"表示twomonth ago。

之阿布丰王创作1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference: Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time. Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references.S = sumf = frequency Leave out periods in standardabbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = examplede pt = department Use only the first syllable of aword.pol = politicsdem = democracylib= liberalcap = capitalism Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2ndsyllable.pres = presentationsubj = subject ind = individualcons = conservative Eli minate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizableabbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biolo gyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimu mrep = repetition Omit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = gov ernment Use an apostrophe in place ofletters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov 't = governmenteducat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by addings.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductions Use g to represent ingendings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingd ecrg = decreasingexptg = experimenting Spell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key. Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand. Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the. If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter. Use symbols forcommonly recurring connective or transitionalwords.& = andw/ = withw/o = withou tvs = against\ = therefore= = is or equal Use technical symbols whereapplicable.zb = German, forexampleibid = Latin, the sameworko = degreesH2O = waterMorereference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retainingonly enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as=following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp/关于缩略词一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。