Unit 5 Dreams
Are You a Dreamer?
1 Dreams — why do we have them? Do they mean anything? Is there such a thing as a dream in which the events seen by the dreamer come true? Such questions have interested people for thousands of years. Scientific advances in the past few decades have revealed more about the physical process of sleep, but they still don't offer any final answers to the many questions about dreams that continue to puzzle us.
2 Everyone dreams—it's just that some of us can't remember doing so. Recordings of human brain waves show that we all go into dream mode when we fall asleep. We dream for most of the night, but we're only able to remember our dreams if we happen to wake up while we are still in REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep. This is when we dream. We have four or five REM stages of sleep during the night, the first occurring about 90 minutes after we fall asleep. After that, our dreaming periods recur every 90 minutes and last between 15 to 45 minutes, getting longer as the night progresses.
3 The main purpose of sleeping (apart from giving us rest) may be to allow us to dream—to review our lives, our worries and hopes in a totally different way, and to get an unconscious view of ourselves, getting rid of material from our memories that we no longer need.
4 Some dreams may have a simple physiological cause. Dreaming of walking on hot coals, for example, may well be caused by sleeping with your feet too close to a heater. And the frustrating dream in which you try to run but your legs won't move may be explained by bedding that is too tight. Anyone who sleeps through their alarm may well dream of doorbells or telephones ringing. All are simple examples of how the unconscious works with our conscious mind to guide and advise us.
5 But such physiological explanations are not enough to tell us why we dream. Some people believe that dreams are total nonsense, merely the result of the misfiring of electrical impulses in the brain, while on the other hand, some read great importance into even the simplest of dreams.
6 Some dreams reflect inner fears that are instantly recognizable. Dreaming of losing your job or house can reflect real fears, even if they are only subconscious. Most of us have dreamed that we had to take a final exam for a difficult course, which we had never taken, or in which we had done poorly.
7 But what of the dreams that do not have such an obvious meaning? For centuries, both men and women have sought the answers in so-called dream dictionaries, possibly the oldest of which dates back to 5000 BC. According to these dictionaries, a dream about
drinking wine meant a short life, whereas a dream about drinking water predicted a long life.
8 By AD 200, dream dictionaries had lost none of their popularity, and the ancient Greek Artemidorus wrote a five-volume interpretation of more than 3,000 dreams, listing such symbols as right hand (meaning father), left hand (meaning mother), and dolphin (a good omen).
9 Today, there are countless books offering dream interpretations in libraries and bookshops. They're as popular as ever with dream enthusiasts, but most experts warn that they should be read with care. Psychoanalyst and author Kenneth Saunders explains, "Dreams are closely tied up with an individual's mind and analysis is so open to mistakes or errors. I believe you can only discover the true meaning of a dream if you know the person who had the dream."
你做梦吗？
1 梦，我们为什么会做梦？梦有意义吗？真的有梦中所见的事成为现实这种事吗？几千年来这些问题一直让人们感兴趣。过去几十年的科学发展对睡眠的自然过程有了较多的认识，然而对于与梦有关的诸多问题依然没有提供最终的答案，这些问题还要继续困惑我们。
2 人人都做梦——只不过有些人不记得做过梦罢了。人类脑电波的记录显示我们所有人入睡后就进入梦境。整个夜晚的大多数时间我们都在做梦，但只有当我们处在REM (眼睛迅速转动) 睡眠阶段时醒来，才会记住所做的梦。眼睛迅速转动阶段便是我们做梦的时候。每晚我们有四、五个REM睡眠阶段，第一次出现在入睡后的90分钟左右。此后，梦期每90分钟复现一次，每次持续15到45分钟，持续时间随着夜晚的深入逐渐增长。
3 睡眠的主要目的（除让我们休息外）也许就是让我们做梦——让我们以一种截然不同的方式回顾我们的生活、我们的忧虑和希望，以及在潜意识中观察自我，把不再需要的资料从记忆中剔除。
4 有些梦可能是由简单的生理原因引起的。例如，梦到在灼热的煤块上行走很可能是因为睡眠时脚太靠近取暖器。而梦到想跑但两腿却动弹不了这种令人沮丧的境况，也许是被子裹得太紧的缘故。闹铃响了而依然熟睡的人则很可能会梦到门铃或电话铃响。所有这些都是潜意识和意识共同引导和启示我们的简单例子。
5 不过这些从生理的角度进行的解释尚不足以说明为什么我们会做梦。有些人认为梦纯粹是无稽之谈，仅仅是人脑中电脉冲无的放矢的结果，然而，有些人则认为最简单的梦都具有重要的含义。
6 有些梦反映的内心忧虑是立即可以识别的。梦见失去工作或者没了房子，也许是反映了真实的忧虑，即便这些忧虑只是潜意识的。我们大多数人都梦见过必须参加一门很难的课程的期末考试，也许是一门从未修过的，或许是学得很糟的课程。
7 但是，有一些梦并没有这样明显的含义，这是怎么回事呢？多个世纪以来，男男女女都从所谓的解梦字典中寻找答案，这类字典最早的可以追溯到公元前5000年。根据这些字典，梦见喝酒意味着短命，而梦见喝水则预示长寿。
8 一直到公元200年，解梦字典受欢迎的程度仍丝毫未减。当时，古希腊的阿尔米多鲁斯写了一部长达五卷的书，解析了3000多个梦，列举了一系列的象征，诸如右手（表示父亲），左手（表示母亲），以及海豚（表示好兆头）。
9 如今，图书馆和书店里有无数的书籍为梦做解析。对于那些热衷于探讨梦的人来说，它们依然深受欢迎。然而，多数专家警告说，读这些书时要非常谨慎。心理分析家兼作家肯尼思·桑德斯解释说：“梦与每个人的思维密切相关，因此分析往往容易出现错误和偏差。我认为，只有当你了解了做梦的人时，才能发现梦的真正含义。”
Dreams That Came True
[1] On the night of November 7, 1965, Mary Daughtery had a nightmare. She cannot forget that dream nor can her husband, George. She tells of it like this: “I dreamed I was on a hill at night. Lightning flashed and thunder rolled. Then I saw a bright light in the sky. There was a loud impact and I heard screams everywhere. ”
[2] Mary says that then she saw a hand lying on the ground. She had a sense of dread, but she went closer. Then she saw an arm and then the shattered body at the end of the arm. She says that in her dream she screamed, “Somebody please help!” Then she saw some men with a large basket made of wicker. They put the body into the basket and went away.
[3] Mary was still screaming when she woke up. “Mary!” George was bending over her, shaking her. “What is the matter?” he asked.
[4] Mary told him, “I just saw you killed in a plane crash. Oh George, please don't go on th at plane to Cincinnati.”
[5] Mary begged him not to go, but George would not let her stop him. But as he drove to the airport, George began to feel strange . Then he saw a plane flying overhead, and his heart began to thump with fear. Then he knew he could not get on the plane. He called the airport and told them to cancel his ticket. Then he called Mary and took the train to Cincinnati.
[6] That night, Flight 383 ran into a bad storm when it tried to land in Cincinnati. The plane crashed into a hill. Mary saw the news report on television. It was just like her dream. She saw men with baskets come to carry away bodies. But she knew George was safe. He was safe because of the omen of her dream.
[7] John Bradley also had a dream like this. He lived in England and was a teacher.
He was also a naturalist. He liked to take his class on field trips to learn about nature.
[8] One night he had a dream. It came to him a week before one of the field trips he had planned. He dreamed he was leading his class along a country lane beside a churchyard.
[9] In his dream, Bradley told two of the boys to lead the way through the churchyard. He would walk at the other end of the line to keep the small children moving. But as they went through the churchyard, Bradley felt the ground shake. Then he heard a loud cracking and ripping sound. Then something huge and dark rushed towards him. It was a huge elm tree. It crashed down right on top of the line of children.
[10] Bradley was very upset by his dream. He thought he should cancel the trip. He told his class about the dream, but they laughed at him. And they did not want to call off the trip. Even the other teachers laughed at him and told him he should not spoil the children's fun. So Bradley agreed that they would go. “But you must promise,” he told them, “to go only where I tell you to go.”
[11] So the field trip went ahead. When they came to the lane, Bradley would not let the children take a detour through the churchyard. Some of them thought this was silly, but they did what they were told.
[12] At the end of the lane, they came to a bridge across a river. The older boys came to a halt and asked, “Which way shall we go, sir? Shall we cross the river or stay on the path beside it?”
[13] Bradley stopped. He had a funny f eeling about the footpath. “Cross the bridge,” he told them. So the children began to walk across the bridge. Then Bradley heard the same terrible cracking sound he had heard in his dream. He looked back. On the very edge of the footpath, he saw a huge elm shake and tremble. Then it fell to the ground. His premonition had come true. The children stared at each other and then at their teacher. If they had walked along the footpath, they would have been at the very spot where the tree had fallen.
成为现实的梦
1 1965年11月7日的晚上，玛丽·都特瑞做了一个噩梦。她忘不了那个梦，她的丈夫乔治也忘不了。她是这么讲述自己的梦的：“我梦见夜里自己在一座山上。电闪雷鸣。然后我看见天上一道亮光。巨大的撞击声，然后我听到四处都是尖叫声。”
2 玛丽说，她接着看见地上有一只手。她感到有些害怕，但还是走上前去。然后她看见了一只胳膊，胳膊的那头是疏疏落落的尸体碎块。她说，她在梦里尖叫起来：“快来人哪！”然后她看见一些人抬着一个大柳条筐。他们把尸体放进筐里，就走了。
3 玛丽惊醒时还在叫喊着。“玛丽！”乔治俯下身，推推她。“怎么了？”他问。
4 玛丽告诉他：“我刚才梦见你飞机失事死了。噢，乔治，求求你不要坐那趟去辛辛那提的航班。”
5 玛丽求他不要去，但是乔治不听她的劝阻。然而，在他开车去机场的路上，乔治开始感到有点不对头。接着他看见一架飞机从头顶飞过，心慌得砰砰直跳。于是他明白自己不能坐那趟飞机了。他给机场打电话，取消了机票。然后他给玛丽打电话，接着乘火车去了辛辛那提。
6 那天晚上，383次航班试图在辛辛那提降落时遇上了暴风雨。飞机撞上了一座山。玛丽在电视上看到了有关的新闻报道。那情形就同她梦见的一模一样。她看见人们拿筐运走了尸体。但是她知道乔治没事。因为有了她那梦的预兆，乔治得以安然无恙。
7 约翰·布雷德利也做过类似的梦。他住在英格兰，是一位教师。他还是一位博物学家，喜欢带他班上的学生到校外考察旅行，了解大自然。
8 一天晚上，他做了一个梦。这是在他安排了一次校外考察旅行之前一个星期发生的事。他梦见自己领着班上的学生走在一条乡间的小路上，边上就是教堂墓地。
9 在梦里，布雷德利让两个男孩带队穿过教堂墓地。他自己走在队伍的末尾，以便让小一些的孩子保持前进。然而，就在他们穿过教堂墓地的时候，布雷德利感到地面在震动。接着他听见了巨大的断裂声。然后，有个黑乎乎的庞然大物朝他砸过来。那是一棵巨大的榆树，正好兜头砸在孩子们的队伍上。
10 这个梦使布雷德利非常不安。他觉得应该取消这次外出。他把这个梦告诉了班上的学生，但是他们都觉得他很可笑，而且都不愿意取消这次旅行。甚至其他老师也笑话他，跟他说不应该让孩子们扫兴。于是布雷德利同意出行。“但是你们必须答应我，”他跟他们讲，“往哪儿走你们只能听我的。”
11 于是，他们出发了。当他们走到那条小路时，布雷德利不让孩子们改道穿过教堂墓地。有些孩子觉得这样做很蠢，不过他们还是按老师说的做了。
12 走到小路的尽头，他们面前是一座过河的桥。年纪大一些的男孩子停了下来，问：“老师，我们应该走哪条道？过河呢，还是走沿河的小路？”
13 布雷德利停住脚步。他对那条小路有一种古怪的感觉。“过桥，”他告诉他们。于是孩子们开始过桥。接着，布雷德利听到了可怕的断裂声，同自己在梦中听到的完全一样。他回头一看，只见就在那条小路边上，一棵巨大的榆树摇摇晃晃，倒在了地上。他的预感应验了。孩子们面面相觑，然后看着自己的老师。如果刚才他们走那条小路的话，那么他们就正好在那棵榆树倒下来的位置上。
Dreaming Up a Good Mood
[1] According to new studies, dreams can fix your bad moods each night—and if you're depressed, dreams may predict whether you'll recover more quickly.
[2] It is natural to wake up in the morning with a sunny outlook, relieved of the previous evening's worries. In fact, studies show that a solid night of sleep improves moods in healthy individuals.
[3] But sleep's effects on healthy and depressed people are as different as night and day. People who are seriously depressed actually feel worse after sleeping, since they have more abstract, confusing dreams.
[4] Research led Rosalind Cartwright, Ph.D, director of the Sleep Research Center at Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center in Chicago, to wonder how dreams allow our brains to repair our moods—and why this feel-good mechanism doesn't seem to work in the seriously depressed.
[5] In the first of two studies, Cartwright gave a mood test to normally healthy participants, recorded their sleep in a laboratory for one night, then gave them a second mood test when they rose in the morning. During the night, the volunteers were awakened now and then and asked to describe the content of their dreams. Subjects were divided into two groups: one having neutral feelings before bedtime and one with bad moods.
[6] Cartwright found that subjects who had been in neutral moods before sleeping had little change in attitude when they woke. Subjects who were generally not depressed but went to bed in a bad mood, however, reported feeling much better after a good night's sleep.
[7] This change was reflected in their dreams: people whose moods improved overnight reported experiencing more negative dreams at the beginning of the night and progressively fewer and fewer as sleep went on. Subjects in neutral moods had no change in the content of their dreams.
[8] “The study shows that mood does get adjusted overnight,” says Cartwright. “If you go to sleep in a bad mood, your brain goes to work right away on negative dream material at the beginning of the night so your bad mood is reduced by the end of the night.”
[9] Next, Cartwright repeated the experiment using couples who were depressed by a recent marriage separation. While some unhappy patients dreamed less about serious emotional content and more about lighter topics as the night progressed, others had more disturbing dreams just before waking than at the beginning of sleep.
[10] Assuming that the former group was dreaming away their negative feelings each night, the researchers predicted that they would eventually work through their depression. And they were right—a follow-up study showed that 72% of the subjects in that group had
fewer signs of depression one year later.
[11] “The last dream of the night is the one that patients are most likely to remember,” explains Cartwright.
[12] While the first group was actively working through their blues, resulting in more pleasant dreams at the end of the night and a brighter morning mood, those whose dreams became increasingly unpleasant were more likely to feel low when they woke.
[13] Still, this finding has a positive aspect. It allows sleep therapists to predict which of the depressed persons need the most help. It also tells them the topics that disturb their patients most.
[14] “If patients remember a bad dream,” notes Cartwright, “then whatever that dream is about, that's what therapists should focus treatment on. The patient clearly isn't able to adju st his or her mood, and therapists should work on that.”—thus turning troubled visions into sweet dreams.
梦出好心情
1 根据最新的研究，每天晚上梦都可以调整你的不良情绪。而且如果你情绪低落的话，你的梦也许会预示你是否会比较快地使情绪变好。
2 早晨起床，人们自然会感到心情开朗，摆脱了头天晚上的种种烦恼。事实上，研究表明，好好地睡一晚上会改善健康人的心境。
3 但是，对健康的人和心情沮丧的人而言，睡眠的效果却可能天差地别。情绪特别沮丧的人在睡眠后会感觉更糟，因为他们做的梦更抽象，更能搅乱人的心境。
4 罗莎琳德·卡特赖特博士是芝加哥拉什·长老会·圣卢克斯医疗中心睡眠研究中心主任，对梦的研究使她很想搞清楚我们的大脑如何通过梦来调整我们的心情，为什么这种能使人感觉良好的的心理机制在那些极度抑郁的人身上似乎不起作用。
5 卡特赖特做了两项研究，在第一项研究中，先给那些身体正常健康的实验参与者做一次情绪测试，并记录下他们在实验室一晚的睡眠情况，然后在他们早晨起床时再做一次情绪测试。在夜间，这些志愿受试者不时地被叫醒，要他们描述自己的梦境。受试者们被分成两组：一组在睡觉之前情绪平静，另一组则情绪不佳。
6 卡特赖特发现，那些睡觉前情绪平静的人在醒来后心态没什么大的变化，而那些通常情况不消沉但睡前情绪不佳的人都说睡了一个好觉后感觉好多了。
7 这个变化反映在他们的梦境里：据那些一夜之间心情有所改善的实验者反映，他们在睡眠初期噩梦较多，但随着睡眠的深入，这样的梦越来越少。而情绪平静的受试者在梦内容上没什么变化。
8 “这项研究表明，情绪确实在一夜之间得到了调整。”卡特赖特说，“如果你入睡时心情不佳，你的大脑会立刻开始准备噩梦材料，这样，到你快醒来时，你的不良情绪就已经有所
调整。”
9 接着，卡特赖特挑选了一些因为新近分居而情绪低落的夫妻作为实验对象，重复了以上的实验。其中一些不开心的病人随着夜晚的推移，梦里严肃的情感内容少起来了，比较轻松的话题多起来了；而另一些人在睡醒前做的烦心梦反而比刚刚入睡时更加多了。
10 假设前一组实验对象每晚都在梦掉一些不良情绪，研究人员预测他们最终可以摆脱忧郁。他们的预测是正确的。后续研究表明，那组受试者中72%的人在一年后抑郁症状减轻了。
11 “病人最可能记住的是晚上做的最后一个梦。”卡特赖特解释说。
12 第一组病人积极地摆脱忧郁，结果在天亮前做了比较愉快的梦，以致早晨起来心情变好。而那些梦境越来越不愉快的受试者醒来时则更可能情绪低落。
13 这一发现还有它积极的方面。它使睡眠治疗专家可以预测哪些抑郁病人最需要帮助，还能启示他们了解最困扰病人的话题。
14 “如果病人记住了一个噩梦，”卡特赖特说，“那么，不管梦到的是什么内容，它就是治疗专家该重点治疗的。病人显然无法调整自己的情绪，治疗专家应该对付之。” 这么一来，我们就可以把扰人的梦境转变成美梦。
必修一 Unit 1 Friendship ANNE’S BEST FRIEND Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her best friend. Anne lived in Amsterdam in Netherlands during Would WarⅡ.Her family was Jewish so they had to hide or they would be caught by the German Nazi .She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered. During that time the only true friend was her diary. She said ,”I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do ,but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty .”Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942. Thursday 15th June 1944 Dear Kitty, I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. That’s changed since I was here. …For example, one evening when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn’t dare open a window. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open. I didn’t go downstairs until the windo w had to be shut. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power; it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face…. …Sadly…I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains han ging before very dusty windows. it’s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced. Your, Anne 安妮最好的朋友 你想不想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友或者你会不会担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前的困境呢安妮弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友，所以她把的日记当作自己最好的朋友。 在第二次世界大战期间，安妮住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。她一家人都是犹太人，所以他们不得不躲藏起来，否则就会被德国的纳粹分子抓去。她和她的家人躲藏了将近25个月之后才被发现。在那段时期，她的日记成了她唯一忠实的朋友。她说：“我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。我要把我的日记当作自己的朋友，我把我的这个朋友叫做基蒂。”现在，来看看安妮自1942年7月起躲进藏身处后的那种心情吧。 1944年6月15日，星期四 亲爱的基蒂： 我不知道这是不是因为我太久不能出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。我记得非常清楚，以前，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未令我心迷神
Unit 10 Agriculture Farming for the Future [1] Every year, more people face poverty and hunger and more of the earth's resources are ruined. The problems are enormous, but many experts believe that the situation is not hopeless. The solution will require big changes in how we think about agriculture, food, and our planet. [2] First of all, farmers everywhere need to develop methods that are less destructive to the environment. The change from single crop farming to a mixed crop system would be one important step. The planting of several different crops improves the soil and helps prevent erosion. Erosion could also be prevented by planting trees to protect the fields from the wind. Another way farmers could improve the soil is to avoid deep plowing. In fact, only a slight plowing is necessary if proper methods are used. [3] If the soil were treated better, farmers would not need to use chemical fertilizers. They could use natural animal and vegetable products instead. With mixed crops, farmers would need fewer toxic chemical insecticides. They could use biological methods of controlling insects and disease. [4] Farmers could also help save the earth's precious supplies of water and petroleum. To save water, they could plant more water-efficient plants instead of the standard types of wheat or corn. They could also use watering systems that are much less wasteful. To save petroleum, farmers could make use of bio-gas generators which could be fueled by the vegetable and animal wastes of the farms. In less-developed countries, bio-gas generators could reduce the need for firewood and so help save forests, as well. [5] In less-developed countries, the small farmers need help. They need to learn more about crops that are better suited to local conditions. They need to learn how to limit erosion and make the best use of their resources. These farmers will never be successful without land and economic reform. This should be the aim of governments and international agencies. The current industrial and cash crop policies are only making the situation worse. [6] Industrialized countries could use their economic resources to help bring about these changes. They could make some changes in their own policies. At present, much food is wasted in these countries for political reasons. In Europe and in North America, tons of fruit and dairy products are thrown away every year. Eating habits, too, could be changed in these countries. For example, people often eat foods from distant places instead of local foods. The transportation of the imported foods adds to the global pollution problem. People in industrialized countries also eat a lot of meat, especially beef.
前赤壁赋 宋代：苏轼 壬戌之秋，七月既望，苏子与客泛舟游于赤壁之下。清风徐来，水波不兴。举酒属客，诵明月之诗，歌窈窕之章。少焉，月出于东山之上，徘徊于斗牛之间。白露横江，水光接天。纵一苇之所如，凌万顷之茫然。浩浩乎如冯虚御风，而不知其所止；飘飘乎如遗世独立,羽化而登仙。(冯通：凭) 于是饮酒乐甚，扣舷而歌之。歌曰：“桂棹兮兰桨，击空明兮溯流光。渺渺兮予怀， 望美人兮天一方。”客有吹洞箫者，倚歌而和之。其声呜呜然，如怨如慕，如泣如诉；余 音袅袅，不绝如缕。舞幽壑之潜蛟，泣孤舟之嫠妇。 苏子愀然，正襟危坐，而问客曰：“何为其然也？”客曰：“‘月明星稀，乌鹊南飞。’此非曹孟德之诗乎？西望夏口，东望武昌，山川相缪，郁乎苍苍，此非孟德之困于 周郎者乎？方其破荆州，下江陵，顺流而东也，舳舻千里，旌旗蔽空，酾酒临江，横槊赋诗，固一世之雄也，而今安在哉？况吾与子渔樵于江渚之上，侣鱼虾而友麋鹿，驾一叶之 扁舟，举匏樽以相属。寄蜉蝣于天地，渺沧海之一粟。哀吾生之须臾，羡长江之无穷。挟飞仙以遨游，抱明月而长终。知不可乎骤得，托遗响于悲风。” 苏子曰：“客亦知夫水与月乎？逝者如斯，而未尝往也；盈虚者如彼，而卒莫消长也。盖将自其变者而观之，则天地曾不能以一瞬；自其不变者而观之，则物与我皆无尽也，而 又何羡乎！且夫天地之间，物各有主，苟非吾之所有，虽一毫而莫取。惟江上之清风，与
山间之明月，耳得之而为声，目遇之而成色，取之无禁，用之不竭。是造物者之无尽藏也，而吾与子之所共适。”(共适一作：共食) 客喜而笑，洗盏更酌。肴核既尽，杯盘狼籍。相与枕藉乎舟中，不知东方之既白。 2965 辞赋精选，高中文言文，古文观止，写景，饮酒，感叹，哲理 译文及注释 佚名 译文 壬戌年秋，七月十六日，苏轼与友人在赤壁下泛舟游玩。清风阵阵拂来，水面波澜不起。举起酒杯向同伴敬酒，吟诵着与明月有关的文章，歌颂窈窕这一章。不多时，明月从 东山后升起，徘徊在斗宿与牛宿之间。白茫茫的雾气横贯江面，清泠泠的水光连着天际。 任凭小船儿在茫无边际的江上飘荡，越过苍茫万顷的江面。（我的情思）浩荡，就如同凭 空乘风，却不知道在哪里停止，飘飘然如遗弃尘世，超然独立，成为神仙，进入仙境。 这时候喝酒喝得高兴起来，用手叩击着船舷，应声高歌。歌中唱道：“桂木船棹呵香 兰船桨，迎击空明的粼波，逆着流水的泛光。我的心怀悠远，想望伊人在天涯那方”。有 吹洞箫的客人，按着节奏为歌声伴和，洞箫呜呜作声：像是怨恨，又像是思慕，像是哭泣，又像是倾诉，尾声凄切、婉转、悠长，如同不断的细丝。能使深谷中的蛟龙为之起舞，能
一、 1、当我知道详细情况时，我意识到我不该在办公室发脾气。 When I knew the details ,I realized that I shouldn’t have lost the temper at the office. 2、我和鲍勃不是很熟，不过我们偶尔出去喝一杯。 I don’t know Bob very well ,but we go out for a drink occasionally. 3、会议应该在周二召开，但我们不得不推迟。 The meeting is supposed to be held on Tuesday, but we have to put it off. 4、我国政府采取行动使那个国家的所以中国人回到了祖国。 Our government took action to get all the Chinese back to homeland in that country. 5、包括周末在内，仅仅还有12天时间可以用来买圣诞礼物。 Including the weekend ,there is only 12days to buy Charismas presents. 6、如不立即采取行动，许多野生动物就会因饥饿而死亡。 Without taking action immediately ,many kinds of wild animals would die from hunger. 三、 1、除非你有经验，否则你得不到这份工作。 You won’t got this job unless you have got the experience. 2、我把大部分时间都花在研究中美文化差异上了。 Most of my time is spent studying the differences between Chinese and American culture. 3、这句话意思很清楚，绝不会引起误会。 This sentence is so clear that it can’t cause any misunderstanding. 4、他希望能给予她比现在更多的帮助。 He hopes he could give her more help than he does. 5、要记得邀请她来参加生日晚会，不然她会抱怨的。 Remember to invite her to the birthday party ,or she would complain. 6、主任说，你必须把购置设备的2500美元加到成本中去。 The Director said ,you have to add 2500 dollars for equipment purchase to the cost. 7、了解自己的长处、弱点以及所处的环境很重要。 It’s important to be aware of your strengths, weaknesses and the environment you are in. 8、如果你继续对大家这么粗鲁，不久你就会发现自己什么朋友都没有了。 You will find yourself without any friends at all if you keep on being so rude to everyone. 四、 1、做出贡献的人太多了，无法一一提及。 The individuals who have contributed are far too many to mention. 2、半夜里，嘈杂声把我们吵醒了。 The noise woke us up in the middle of the night. 3、他不应该对我说的话感到生气，那仅仅是个玩笑而已。 He shouldn’t have been angry at what I said, it was nothing more than a joke. 4、我们邀请了所以的朋友去野餐，但是由于下雨只来了其中5位。 We invited all our friends to the picnic ,but it rained and only 5 of them showed up. 5、婚姻被视为一件严肃的事。 Marriage is viewed as a serious matter. 6、令我失望的是，这部电影并不像我期待得那么好。 To my disappointment ,the movie didn’t live up to my expectations. 七、
Anne’s Best Friend Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her diary her best friend. Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War Ⅱ. Her family was Jewish so nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered. During that time the only true friend was her diary. She said, ”I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.” Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942. Thursday 15th June, 1944 Dear Kitty, I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. That’s changed since I was here. …For example, one evening when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by my self. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn’t dare open a window. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open. I didn’t go downstairs until the window bad to be shut. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power; it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face… …Sadly …I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows. It’s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced. Yours, Anne
赤壁之战 司马光 （一） 初，鲁肃闻刘表卒，言于孙权（状语后置）曰：“荆州与国邻接，江山险固，沃野万里，士民殷富，若据而有之，此帝王之资也。 当初，鲁肃听说刘表死了，就对孙权说：“荆州与我国接邻，地理形势险要、坚固，肥沃的土地方圆万里，百姓殷实富裕，如果占有它，这就是开创帝王事业的凭借。 今刘表新亡，二子不协，军中诸将，各有彼此。 现在刘表刚死，他（刘表）的两个儿子（刘琦、刘琮）不和睦，军队中的那些将领，有的拥戴刘琦，有的拥戴刘琮。 刘备天下枭雄（判断），与操有隙，寄寓于表（状语后置），表恶其能而不能用也。 刘备是天下的豪杰，跟曹操有仇，寄居在刘表那里，刘表嫉妒他的才能而不重用（他）。 若备与彼协心，上下齐同，则宜抚安，与结盟好；如有离违，宜别图之，以济大事。 如果刘备同他们（指原属刘表手下的人）荆州方面的人同心协力，上下一致，（我们）就应当安抚他们，与他们结盟友好；如果他们有所背离（指刘表和荆州将领不能合作），（我们）就该另外筹划这件事情，以成就（我们的）大业。 肃请得奉命吊表二子，并慰劳其军中用事者，及说备使抚表众，同心一意，共治曹操，备必喜而从命。 我请求奉您之命去慰问刘表的两个儿子，并慰劳（他们）军中掌权的人物，以及劝说刘备使他安抚刘表的部下，同心一意，共同对付曹操，刘备一定会高兴而听从我们的意见。 如其克谐，天下可定也。今不速往，恐为操所先（被动句）。” 如果这件事能够成功，天下就可以安定下来了。现在不赶快前往，恐怕就被曹操占了先机（抢先）。” 权即遣肃行。到夏口，闻操已向荆州，晨夜兼道，比至南郡，而琮已降，备南走，肃径迎之，与备会于当阳长坂（状语后置）。 孙权立刻派鲁肃前往。（鲁肃）到夏口，听说曹操已向荆州进军，（于是）日夜赶路，等（鲁肃）到了南郡，（刘表的二儿子）刘琮已投降曹操，刘备向南逃跑，鲁肃直接迎向前去，与刘备在当阳县长坂
Unit 6 A World of Mystery The Bermuda Triangle [1] On 5th December 1945, Flight 19, which consisted of five US Navy planes, took off from Fort Lauderdale, Florida in fine weather. There was a total of fourteen men on board the planes. The planes were in good condition; they had the best equipment on board including compasses and radios, and they also carried life rafts. The planes could float on water for ninety seconds. One and a half hours after the take-off, a radio message from one of the planes was heard at the control tower at Fort Lauderdale. [2] "I don't know where we are." [3] After that the planes could no longer speak to the control tower, but they could speak to and hear each other, and the control tower could hear them. [4] "The magnetic compass is going crazy." [5] "We're completely lost." [6] No other messages were heard after that. Nobody else heard from the planes or saw them again. Three hundred planes and many boats searched the area, but not one trace of Flight 19 was found. Then one of the planes that was sent to look for them also disappeared completely. [7] These planes had disappeared in a very mysterious part of the world in the western Atlantic Ocean where lots of strange events have taken place. The mystery started long before 1945, and since that year many other ships and planes have also disappeared in this area. It is called the Bermuda Triangle. It is a large, triangular area of the ocean with the island of Bermuda at its northern tip. [8] Planes and ships disappear in other parts of the world, but there are more disappearances in the Triangle than in other areas. For years now scientists and others have been puzzled by this mystery. There have been many attempts to explain why people, planes and ships disappear in such high numbers here . [9] One writer, John Spencer, believes that the ships and planes have been carried off from the sea and sky by flying saucers or UFOs from another planet. Since there are millions of other planets in the universe, Spencer believes there must be other intelligent creatures somewhere in the universe. These creatures are interested in collecting humans and their equipment so that they can examine them carefully. [10] Another theory is that the geography of the area is responsible for the disappearances of the ships and planes. Bermuda lies on an earthquake belt. Underwater earthquakes result in large waves appearing suddenly. These waves are so big that they can break a ship into pieces. In the air, a similar thing can happen to airplanes because of
Book 3 Unit 1 Personality The Misery of Shyness Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people. All kinds of people describe themselves as shy: short, tall, dull, intelligent, young, old, slim, overweight. Shy people are anxious and self-conscious; that is, they are excessively concerned with their own appearance and actions. Worrisome thoughts are constantly swirling in their minds: What kind of impression am I making? Do they like me? Do I sound stupid? I'm ugly. I'm wearing unattractive clothes. It is obvious that such uncomfortable feelings must affect people adversely. A person's self-concept is reflected in the way he or she behaves, and the way a person behaves affects other people's reactions. In general, the way people think about themselves has a profound effect on all areas of their lives. For instance, people who have a positive sense of self-worth or high self-esteem usually act with confidence. Because they have self-assurance, they do not need constant praise and encouragement from others to feel good about themselves. Self-confident people participate in life enthusiastically and spontaneously. They are not affected by what others think they "should" do. People with high self-esteem are not hurt by criticism; they do not regard criticism as a personal attack. Instead, they view a criticism as a suggestion for improvement. In contrast, shy people, having low self-esteem, are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others. They need reassurance that they are doing "the right thing". Shy people are very sensitive to criticism; they feel it confirms their inferiority. They also find it difficult to be pleased by compliments because they believe they are unworthy of praise. A shy person may respond to a compliment with a statement like this one: "You're just saying that to make me feel good. I know it's not true." It is clear that, while self-awareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is detrimental, or harmful. Can shyness be completely eliminated, or at least reduced? Fortunately, people can overcome shyness with determined and patient effort in building self-confidence. Since shyness goes hand in hand with lack of self-esteem, it is important for people to accept their weaknesses as well as their strengths. For example, most people would like to be "A" students in every subject. It is not fair for them to label themselves as inferior because they have difficulty in some areas. People's expectations of themselves must be realistic. Dwelling on the impossible leads to a sense of inadequacy, and even feelings of envy, or jealousy. We
Book 1 Translation Exercises Unit 1 Translation 1) 我累了。昨晚我不该那么晚睡觉。(should not + 动词完成式) 2) 我和鲍勃不是很熟，不过我们偶尔一起出去喝一杯。(occasional) 3) 我们应该到火车站接她。(be supposed to) 4) 你可以清楚地看到有人快要淹死, 而你却没有采取行动救他们。(drown, take action) 5) 包括周末在内，仅仅还有12天时间可以用来买圣诞礼物。(including) 6) 如果不立即采取行动，许多种野生动物就会因饥饿而死亡。(without, hunger) I’m tired. I shouldn’t have gone to bed so late last night. I don’t/didn’t know Bob very well, but we go/went out for an occasional drink together. We’re supposed to meet her at the train station. You could clearly see people drowning, but/and yet you took no action to save them. Including weekends, there are only twelve more days to buy Christmas presents. Without immediate action, many kinds of wild animals would die from hunger. Unit 2 Translation 1) 那首歌总是使她回想起在芝加哥度过的那个夜晚。(remind…of…) 2) 街角处刚巧有一位警察，我便向他问路。(happen to, corner) 3) 由于天气恶劣，今天所有去纽约的航班都延误了。(delay) 4) 谁有责任谁就必须赔偿损失。(whoever, responsible) 5) 我找不到我的支票簿。我准是把它留在家里了。(checkbook, must have) 6) 到足球比赛快开始时，暴风雨已经停了。(by the time) That song always reminded her of the night spent in Chicago. There happened to be a policeman on the corner, so I asked him the way. All flights to New York today are/were delayed because of the bad weather. Whoever is responsible will have to pay for the damage. I can’t find my checkbook. I must have left it at home. By the time the football match was going to start, the storm had already stopped. Unit 3 Translation 1) 除非你有经验，否则你得不到这份工作。(unless) 2) 我把大部分时间花在研究中美文化的差异上了。(spend) 3) 这句话意思极清楚，决不会引起误解。(so…that) 4) 他希望能够给予她比现在更多的帮助。(more than) 5) 穿上外套，否则你会感冒的。(or) 6) 她的收藏品中增加了一张毕加索(Picasso)的画。(add…to…) 7) 我没意识到以前曾来过这儿。(be aware of) 8) 如果你继续对每个人这么粗鲁，你很快就会发现自己什么朋友都没有了。(find oneself without) 1）You won’t get the job unless you’ve got the experience. 2) Most of my time is spent studying the differences between Chinese and American culture. The statement/sentence is so clear that it can’t cause any misunderstanding. He wishes that he could give her more help than he does. She has added a Picasso to his collection.
赤壁之战翻译 当初，鲁肃听说刘表死，就对孙权说：“荆州与我国接邻，地理形势险要、坚固，肥沃的土地方圆万里，百姓殷实富裕，如果占有它，这就是开创帝王事业的凭借。现在刘表刚死，他（刘表）的两个儿子（刘琦、刘琮）不和，军队中的那些将领，有的拥戴刘琦，有的拥戴刘琮。 刘备是天下的豪杰，跟曹操有仇，寄居在刘表那里，刘表嫉妒他的才能而不重用（他）。如果刘备同他们（指原属刘表手下的人）荆州方面的人同心协力，上下一致，（我们）就应当安抚他们，与他们结盟友好；如果他们有所背离（指刘表和荆州将领不能合作），（我们）就该另外筹划这件事情，以成就（我们的）大业。我请求奉您之命去慰问刘表的两个儿子，并慰劳（他们）军中掌权的人物，以及劝说刘备使他安抚刘表的部下，同心一意，共同对付曹操，刘备一定会高兴而听从我们的意见。如果这件事能够成功，天下就可以安定下来了。现在不赶快前往，恐怕就被曹操占了先（抢先）。”孙权立刻派鲁肃前往。（鲁肃）到夏口，听说曹操已向荆州进军，（于是）日夜赶路，等（鲁肃）到了南郡，（刘表的二儿子）刘琮已投降曹操，刘备向南逃跑，鲁肃直接迎向前去，与刘备在当阳县长坂坡相会。鲁肃转达孙权的意旨，（和刘备）讨论天下大事和当前行势，表示恳切慰问的心意，并且问刘备说：“刘豫州现在想到哪里去？”刘备说：“我和苍梧太守吴巨有老交情，想去投奔他。”鲁肃说：“孙讨虏（孙权，曹操曾以汉献帝的名义授给他讨虏将军的名号）将军聪明仁惠，敬重以礼相待贤能之士，江南的英雄豪杰都归附他，已经占据了六个郡，兵精粮足，足够用来成就大业。现在为您打算，不如派遣最亲信的人，主动同东边吴国结盟，以共同成就一番世代相传的事业。（但是您）却打算投奔吴巨，吴巨是个平庸的人，又处在偏僻边远的州郡，快要被别人吞并了，（这样的人）难道可以托身吗？”刘备（听了）很高兴。鲁肃又对诸葛亮说：“我是子瑜的朋友。”就同刘备等定下了交情。（另译）两个人随即（也因子瑜的关系）交了朋友。子瑜就是诸葛亮的哥哥诸葛瑾，在江东避乱，（现在做）孙权的长史。刘备采纳了鲁肃的建议，（率兵）进驻鄂县的樊口。 曹操从江陵将要顺着长江东下，诸葛亮对刘备说：“事情很危急，请（让我）奉命向孙将军求救。”于是就同鲁肃一起去拜见孙权。诸葛亮在柴桑会见到了孙权，劝孙权说：“（现在）天下大乱，将军（您）在江东起兵，刘豫州在汉水以南招收兵马，同曹操共同争夺天下。现在曹操削平大乱（消灭各地割据势力），（中原地区）大致已稳定局面，就（南下）攻破荆州，声威震动天下。英雄没有施展武力的地方了，所以刘豫州逃到这里，希望将军估量自己的力量来对付这个局面！ 如果能够拿（江东）吴、越的兵力同中原（的曹操）对抗，不如趁早同他断绝关系；如果不能，为什么不放下武器、捆起铠甲，向（曹操）投降（向北朝拜称臣）呢！现在将军外表上假托服从（曹操）的名义，而内心里却怀着犹豫不决的心思，事情紧迫而又不能决断，灾祸降临就没有多少时候了！”孙权说：“假若像您所说，刘豫州为什么不投降曹操呢？”诸葛亮说：“田横，（不过是）齐国的一个壮士罢了，还能恪守节义不肯受辱；何况刘豫州（是）汉王室的后代，英明才智超过当世，众人仰慕敬重他，好像水流入大海一样。如果大事不能成功，就是天意，又怎能甘心屈服在曹操之下呢？”孙权激怒的说：“我不能拿整个东吴的土地，十多万将士，来受别人控制，我的主意已经决定