Unit 5 Dreams新编大学英语第二版第二册课文翻译

9 The runway felt different this time. It startled him for a brief moment. Then it all hit him like a wet bale of hay. The bar was set at nine inches higher than his personal best. That’s only one inch off the National record, he thought. The intensity of the moment filled his mind with anxiety. He began shaking the tension. It wasn’t working. He became more tense. Why was this happening to him now, he thought. He began to get nervous. Afraid would be a more accurate description. What was he going to do? He had never experienced these feelings. Then out of nowhere, and from the deepest depths of his soul, he pictured his mother. Why now? What was his mother doing in his thoughts at a time like this? It was simple. His mother always used to tell him when you felt tense, anxious or even scared, take deep breaths.10 So he did. Along with shaking the tension from his legs, he gently laid his pole at his feet. He began to stretch out his arms and upper body. The light breeze that was once there was now gone. He carefully picked up his pole. He felt his heart pounding. He was sure the crowd did, too. The silence was deafening. When he heard the singing of some distant birds in flight, he knew it was his time to fly.TranslationPsychologists have used numerous facts to bear out the argument/ statement/ claim that in order to recover speedily from negative emotion, you should allow yourself to cry. You needn't/ don't have to be ashamed of crying. Anxiety and sorrow can flow out of the body along with tears.Consider the case of/ Take Donna. Her son unfortunately died in a car accident. The intensity of the blow made her unable to cry. She said," It was not until two weeks later that I began to cry. And then I felt as if a big stone had been lifted from my shoulders. It was the tears that brought me back to earth." 9 这一回，那跑道显得有些异样。

Unit Three: 我的朋友阿尔伯特.爱因斯坦1)虽然阿尔伯特.爱因斯坦是迄今为止世界上最伟大的科学家之一，但如果要我用一个词来描述他的话我会选择纯朴。

或者有关他的一些轶事能让你理解我为什么这么说。

有一次，遇上了倾盆大雨，他摘下帽子揣在衣服下面。

别人问他为什么，他以令人钦佩的逻辑解释说，雨会淋坏帽子，而他的头发淋湿了却不会坏。

这种直达问题核心的诀窍以及他对美非同寻常的感知就是他主要科学发现的秘密所在。

2)1935年，在坐落于新泽西著名的普林斯顿高级研究院，我第一次见到阿尔伯特.爱因斯坦。

他是第一批被该院邀请的人，在工资方面学院任由他提条件。

令院长惊鄂的是，爱因斯坦要求的薪水简直办不到---- 他要得太少了。

院长不得不恳求他接受一个大一些的数目。

3)我对爱因斯坦很敬畏，犹豫再三才就我一直在考虑的一些想法向他请教。

当我终于鼓起勇气敲响他的门时，听到一个温和的声音说：“进来。

”声调有些上扬，带有欢迎和询问的语气。

我走进他的办公室，看见他坐在桌子旁边，一边抽着烟斗一边算着什么。

他的衣服很不合身，头发乱蓬蓬的，极具个性，向我热情地微笑着表示欢迎我的到来。

他的平易自然立刻让我放松了下来。

4)当我开始阐述自己的见解时，他叫我把方程式写在黑板上，这样他就能明白它们是怎么展开。

接着他提出了一个令人惊鄂但又非常可爱的请求：“请你漫漫地写，我理解东西不快。

”这种话竟出自爱因斯坦之口！他说得很温和，我笑了。

从此残留的畏惧之情都烟消云散了。

5)爱因斯坦于1879年出生在德国的乌尔姆市。

他并非神童式的人物。

事实上他说话很晚，他的父母甚至担心他是弱、智儿。

上学后,虽然老师们看不出他有什么天分，但天才的迹象已经显露。

例如，他自学微积分，老师们有些怕他，因为他总问些他们回答不出的问题。

因此，十六岁时他就问自己是否当人跟着光波跑得一样快的时候它会好像是静止的。

由这一天真的问题的引发，十年之后他创立了相对论。

6)爱因斯坦没有通过苏黎士瑞士联邦工艺学校的入学考试，但在一年后被录取了。

新版⼤学英语综合教程第⼆册Unit5内容介绍 导语：⽣活不可能总是⼀帆风顺的，在成长的路上总有些障碍，下⾯是⼀篇讲述克服障碍的英语课⽂，欢迎⼤家阅读。

Overcoming Obstacles Part I Pre-Reading Task Listen to the recording two or three times and then think over the following questions: 1. What happened to the singer? 2. What helped her pull through all the hardships she suffered? 3. What is the tone of the song? 4. Is the song related to the theme of the unit — overcoming obstacles? Part II Text Look at the following two sayings and then see if the story of Michael Stone bears out the points they make. The greater the obstacle, the more glory in overcoming it. —— Moliere When it is dark enough, you can see the stars. —— Charles A, Beard TRUE HEIGHT David Naster His palms were sweating. He needed a towel to dry his grip. The sun was as hot as the competition he faced today at the National Junior Olympics. The pole was set at 17 feet. That was three inches higher than his personal best. Michael Stone confronted the most challenging day of his pole-vaulting career. The stands were still filled with about 20,000 people, even though the final race had ended an hour earlier. The pole vault is truly the highlight of any track and field competition. It combines the grace of a gymnast with the strength of a body builder. It also has the element of flying, and the thought of flying as high as a two-story building is a mere fantasy to anyone watching such an event. As long as Michael could remember he had always dreamed of flying. Michael's mother read him numerous stories about flying when he was growing up. Her stories were always ones that described the land from a bird'seye view. Her excitement and passion for details made Michael's dreams full of color and beauty. Michael had this one recurring dream. He would be running down a country road. As he raced between golden wheat fields, he would always outrun the locomotives passing by. It was at the exact moment he took a deep breath that he began to lift off the ground. He would begin soaring like an eagle. Where he flew would always coincide with his mother's stories. Wherever he flew was with a keen eye for detail and the free spirit of his mother's love. His dad, on the other hand, was not a dreamer. Bert Stone was a hardcore realist. He believed in hard work and sweat. His motto: If you want something, work for it! From the age of 14, Michael did just that. He began a very careful training program. He worked out every other day with weightlifting, with some kind of running work on alternate days. The program was carefully monitored by Michael's coach, trainer and father. Michael's dedication, determination and discipline was a coach's dream. Besides being an honor student and only child, Michael Stone continued to help his parents with their farm chores. Mildred Stone, Michael's mother, wished he could relax a bit more and be that "free dreaming" little boy. On one occasion she attempted to talk to him and his father about this, but his dad quickly interrupted, smiled and said, "You want something, work for it!" All of Michael's vaults today seemed to be the reward for his hard work. If Michael Stone was surprised, excited or vain about clearing the bar at 17 feet, you couldn't tell. As soon as he landed on the inflated landing mat, and with the crowd on its feet, Michael immediately began preparing for his next attempt at flight. He seemed unaware of the fact that he had just beaten his personal best by three inches and that he was one of the final two competitors in the pole-vaulting event at the National Junior Olympics. When Michael cleared the bar at 17 feet 2 inches and 17 feet 4 inches, again he showed no emotion. As he lay on his back and heard the crowd groan, he knew the other vaulter had missed his final jump. He knew it was time for his final jump. Since the other vaulter had fewer misses, Michael needed to clear this vault to win. A miss would get him second place. Nothing to be ashamed of, but Michael would not allow himself the thought of not winning first place. He rolled over and did his routine of three finger-tipped push-ups. He found his pole, stood and stepped on the runway that led to the most challenging event of his 17-year-old life. The runway felt different this time. It startled him for a brief moment. Then it all hit him like a wet bale of hay. The bar was set at nine inches higher than his personal best. That's only one inch off the National record, he thought. The intensity of the moment filled his mind with anxiety. He began shaking the tension. It wasn't working. He became more tense. Why was this happening to him now, he thought. He began to get nervous. Afraid would be a more accurate description. What was he going to do? He had never experienced these feelings. Then out of nowhere, and from the deepest depths of his soul, he pictured his mother. Why now? What was his mother doing in his thoughts at a time like this? It was simple. His mother always used to tell him when you felt tense, anxious or even scared, take deep breaths. So he did. Along with shaking the tension from his legs, he gently laid his pole at his feet. He began to stretch out his arms and upper body. The light breeze that was once there was now gone. He carefully picked up his pole. He felt his heart pounding. He was sure the crowd did, too. The silence was deafening. When he heard the singing of some distant birds in flight, he knew it was his time to fly. As he began sprinting down the runway, something felt wonderfully different, yet familiar. The surface below him felt like the country road he used to dream about. Visions of the golden wheat fields seemed to fill his thoughts. When he took a deep breath, it happened. He began to fly. His take-off was effortless. Michael Stone was now flying, just like in his childhood dreams. Only this time he knew he wasn't dreaming. This was real. Everything seemed to be moving in slow motion. The air around him was the purest and freshest he had ever sensed. Michael was soaring like an eagle. It was either the eruption of the people in the stands or the thump of his landing that brought Michael back to earth. On his back with that wonderful hot sun on his face, he knew he could only see in his mind's eye the smile on his mother's face. He knew his dad was probably smiling too, even laughing. What he didn't know was that his dad was hugging his wife and crying. That's right: Bert "If You Want It, Work For It" Stone was crying like a baby in his wife's arms. He was crying harder than Mildred had ever seen before. She also knew he was crying the greatest tears of all: tears of pride. Michael was immediately surrounded by people hugging and congratulating him on the greatest accomplishment of his life. He later went on that day to clear 17 feet 6 1/2 inches: a National and International Junior Olympics record. With all the media attention and sponsorship possibilities, Michael's life would never be the same again. It wasn't just because he won the National Junior Olympics and set a new world record. And it wasn't because he had just increased his personal best by 9 l/2 inches. It was simply because Michael Stone is blind. bear out prove that (sth.) is true 证实 sweat vi. 出汗 n. 汗⽔ towel n. ⽑⼱，⼿⼱ pole-vault vi., n. 撑竿跳⾼ vault n. 撑竿跳⾼ (=pole vault);撑物跳跃 grace n. quality of being smooth and elegant, esp. in movement or structure 优美，优雅;雅致 gymnast n. 体操家，体操运动员 body builder n. 健美运动员 mere a. nothing more than 仅仅，只不过 fantasy n. 幻想 numerous a. very many 许多的，⽆数的 passion n. strong feeling, esp. of love 热情 detail n. small, particular fact or item 细节，琐碎的`事 recur▲ vi. come or happen again 再来;再发⽣ outrun (outran, outrun) vt. run faster or better than; go beyond 跑得⽐…快;跑得⽐…好;超过 eagle n. 鹰 coincide▲ vi. happen at the same time; be in agreement 同时发⽣;⼀致 coincide with 与…同时发⽣;与…⼀致 hard-core a. 顽固不化的 core n. the most important part 核⼼ realist n. a person who deals in a practical way with situations as they actually are 现实主义者 motto n. 格⾔，座右铭 work out go through a physical exercise session 体育锻炼，训练 weightlifting n. 举重(运动) alteinate▲ a. every other or second; happening by turns 交替的;轮流的 coach n. (体育运动的)教练 dedication n. giving oneself, time, effort, etc. (to sth.) 奉献，献⾝ dedicate▲ vt. 献⾝于，致⼒于 chore n. 家庭杂务 relax v. make or become less tense, worried or nervous 放松，松弛 on one/two/several occasion(s) 有⼀(两，⼏)次 vain a. too pleased with one's own abilities or looks 虚荣的，⾃负的 bar n. 横杆;条;块 inflate v. fill (sth.) with air (使)充⽓，(使)膨胀 mat n. 垫⼦;席⼦ n. 竞争者，对⼿ emotion n. 情感，感情 preparation n. the act or process of preparing 准备 be ashamed of feeling foolish or uncomfortable because of (sth.) 因…感到难为情 finger-tipped a. using or operated by the fingers ⽤⼿的 push-up n. (AmE) 俯卧撑 runway n. 跑道 startle▲ vt. give a sudden shock or surprise to 使⼤吃⼀惊 bale n. (⼀)⼤捆，(⼀)⼤包 hay n. ⼲草 intensity n. the state of being intense 强烈、剧烈，紧张 anxiety n. a feeling of worry or fear 忧虑，担⼼ tension n. worry or nervousness 紧张，不安 tense a. feeling worried or nervous; making people worried or nervous 紧张的;令⼈紧张的 along with together with 连同 stretch out 伸展 breeze n. 微风，轻风 deafen vt. make (sb.) unable to hear, esp. for a short time 使聋 deaf a. unable to hear at all or to hear well ⽿聋的 sprint vi. run at one's fastest speed, esp. for a short distance 疾跑 take-off n. 起跳;(飞机)起飞 effortless a. needing little or no effort 容易的，不费⼒⽓的 eruption n. 爆发 erupt▲ vi. thump n. (noise made by) a heavy blow 重击(声) bring (sb.) back to earth 使回到现实中 in one's mind's eye 在想象中 congratulate vt. 祝贺 media n. ⼤众传播媒介 sponsorship n. 资助;赞助 Proper Names David Naster ⼤卫·纳史特 the Olympics = Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会 Michael 迈克尔(男⼦名) Bert 伯特(男⼦名，Albert, Herbert, Bertram 的昵称，亦作Burt) Mildred ⽶尔德⾥德(⼥⼦名) Language sense Enhancement 1. Read aloud paragraphs 9-10 and learn them by heart. 2. Read aloud the following poem written by the American deaf-blind writer and educationist, Helen Keller (1880-1968). Helen keller Security is mostly a superstition. It does not exist in nature, nor do the children or men as a whole experience it. Avoiding danger is no safer in the long run than outright exposure. Life is either a daring adventure, or nothing. To keep our faces toward change and behave like free spirits in the presence of fate is strength undefeatable. 3. Read the following quotations. Learn them by heart if you can. You might need to look up new words in a dictionary. Although the world is full of suffering, it is full also of the overcoming of it. —— Helen Keller No pain, no palm; no thorns, no throne; no gall, no glory; no cross, no crown. —— William Penn All rising to great place is by a winding stair. ——Francis bacon If we face our tasks with the resolution to solve them, who shall say that anything is impossible. —— Wilfred Grenfell 4. Read the following humorous story for fun. You might need to look up new words in a dictionary. A missionary unexpectedly met a lion in the jungle. Not seeing any way to escape, he fell to his knees in prayer. He was comforted by seeing the lion kneeling next to him. " Dear Brother, how delightful to join you in prayer when only a moment ago I feared for my life," the missionary said. " Don't interrupt," said the lion, "I'm just saying grace."。

第一单元注重时间的美国人美国人认为没有人能停止不前。

如果你不求进取，你就会落伍。

这种态度造就了一个投身于研究、实验和探索的民族。

时间是美国人注意节约的两个要素之一，另一要素是劳力。

人们一直说：“只有时间才能支配我们。

”人们似乎把时间当作一个差不多是实实在在的东西来对待。

我们安排时间、节约时间、浪费时间、挤抢时间、消磨时间、缩减时间、对时间的利用作出解释；我们还要因付出时间而收取费用。

时间是一种宝贵的资源，许多人都深感人生的短暂。

时光一去不复返。

我们应当让每一分钟都过得有意义。

外国人对美国的第一印象很可能是：每个人都匆匆忙忙──常常处于压力之下。

城里人看上去总是在匆匆地赶往他们要去的地方，在商店里他们焦躁不安地指望店员能马上来为他们服务，或者为了赶快买完东西，用肘来推搡他人。

白天吃饭时人们也都匆匆忙忙，这部分地反映出这个国家的生活节奏。

人们认为工作时间是宝贵的。

在公共用餐场所，人们都等着别人尽快吃完，以便他们也能及时用餐，你还会发现司机开车很鲁莽，人们推搡着在你身边过去。

你会怀念微笑、简短的交谈以及与陌生人的随意闲聊。

不要觉得这是针对你个人的，这是因为人们都非常珍惜时间，而且也不喜欢他人“浪费”时间到不恰当的地步。

许多刚到美国的人会怀念诸如商务拜访等场合开始时的寒暄。

他们也会怀念那种一边喝茶或喝咖啡一边进行的礼节性交流，这也许是他们自己国家的一种习俗。

他们也许还会怀念在饭店或咖啡馆里谈生意时的那种轻松悠闲的交谈。

一般说来，美国人是不会在如此轻松的环境里通过长时间的闲聊来评价他们的客人的，更不用说会在增进相互间信任的过程中带他们出去吃饭，或带他们去打高尔夫球。

既然我们通常是通过工作而不是社交来评估和了解他人，我们就开门见山地谈正事。

因此，时间老是在我们心中滴滴答答地响着。

因此，我们千方百计地节约时间。

我们发明了一系列节省劳力的装置；我们通过发传真、打电话或发电子邮件与他人迅速地进行交流，而不是通过直接接触。

Unit Two：警惕海洋污染每年有一亿的度假者被吸引到地中海去度假。

该地区拥有世界三分之一的旅游业，是最受欢迎的度假胜地；其污染也是最严重的。

虽然地中海只占全球海洋面积的百分之一，但在它的海面上却漂浮着泄入海洋的一半以上的石油和焦油。

成千上万的工厂将有毒物质倾入地中海。

几乎地中海沿岸的每一座城市、小镇和村庄都将未经处理的污水排进海里。

结果，曾孕育这么多文明的地中海不堪其苦---- 第一个由于其周围人们对其利用能力的增强和对其环境污染的忽视态度而受害的海洋。

污染不仅窒息海里的生物---- 它还威胁着沿海的居民和游玩海滨的游客。

伤寒、副伤寒、痢疾、小儿麻痹、病毒性肝炎以及食物中毒成为当地的地方病，还有周期性爆发的霍乱。

这种恶疾的反复暴发是由污水造成的。

地中海沿岸120座城市中85%的污水被泄入地中海，而当地居民和游客就在其中沐浴和捕鱼。

而且，大多数城市把污水径直倒在海滩上；像戛纳和特拉维夫那样用管道把污水排出离海岸半英里以外的地方的实在是少。

希腊四百万沿海居民中仅有不足十万人把生活污水作了适当的处理---如图所示，希腊还算是地中海北岸相对干净的国家之一。

污染最为严重的地区是以色列及黎巴嫩沿岸和巴塞罗纳与热那亚之间的海域。

那里每年向其每英里海岸排出200多吨污水。

浅水区充斥着细菌是不足为奇的，并且用不了多久就会蔓延到人。

据皇家免费医院的威廉布鲁佛特教授统计，到地中海游泳的人都会有七分之一感染疾病的可能。

其他科学家说这种估计过高；但他们几乎都同意游泳者是在冒险。

还有更大的危险潜藏在那些诱人的、为假日的菜单增色不少的海鲜里，贝类水生物是该地区许多恶性疾病的主要病菌携带者。

贝类水生物通常在污水中生长，即使并非如此，它们也会因“使它们新鲜一些”这一普遍的做法而受污染----在市场里给它们泼上脏水使其鲜活。

工业也加重了地中海的污物。

沿海工厂集结，即使是最现代化的工厂也鲜有适当的污物处理设备。

它们对海洋造成的损害同污水造成的差不多。

Unit112 One way of summarizing the American position is to state that we value originality and independence more than the Chinese do. The contrast between our two cultures can also be seen in terms of the fears we both harbor. Chinese teachers are fearful that if skills are not acquired early, they may never be acquired; there is, on the other hand, no comparable hurry to promote creativity. American educators fear that unless creativity has been acquired early, it may never emerge; on the other hand, skills can be picked up later.美国人的立场可以概括起来这么说，我们比中国人更重视创新和自立。

我们两种文化的差异也可以从我们各自所怀的忧虑中显示出来。

中国老师担心，如果年轻人不及早掌握技艺，就有可能一辈子掌握不了；另一方面，他们并不同样地急于促进创造力的发展。

美国教育工作者则担心，除非从一开始就发展创造力，不然创造力就有可能永不再现；而另一方面，技艺可于日后获得。

13 However, I do not want to overstate my case. There is enormous creativity to be found in Chinese scientific, technological and artistic innovations past and present. And there is a danger of exaggerating creative breakthroughs in the West. When any innovation is examined closely, its reliance on previous achievements is all too apparent (the "standing on the shoulders of giants" phenomenon).但我并不想夸大其辞。

Going for BrokeMatea Gold and David Ferrell 1 Rex Coile's life is a narrow box, so dark and confining he wonders how he got trapped inside, whether he'll ever get out.孤注一掷马泰娅·戈尔德戴维·费雷尔雷克斯·科勒好像生活在一个狭窄的箱子里，伸手不见五指，空间又狭小，他不知道自己是怎么陷进去的，也不知道自己还能不能走出来。

2 He never goes to the movies, never sees concerts, never lies on a sunny beach, never travels on vacation, never spends Christmas with his family. Instead, Rex shares floor space in cheap motels with other compulsive gamblers, comforting himself with delusional dreams of jackpots that will magically wipe away three decades of wreckage. He has lost his marriage, his home, his Cadillac, his clothes, his diamond ring. Not least of all, in the card clubs of Southern California, he has lost his pride.他从不看电影，从不听音乐会，从不躺在沙滩上晒太阳，从不在假日去旅游，从不和家人一起过圣诞节。

教师学科教案[ 20 – 20 学年度第__学期]任教学科：_____________任教年级：_____________任教老师：_____________xx市实验学校BOOK ⅡUnit Five DreamsTeaching Aims:In this unit students are required to :1) get to know some useful information concerning the topic of the reading passages in this unit and to know more about English culture;2) do some preparation activities such as discussion, group work, etc. to practice their spoken skill and communicative skills;3) grasp some new words and try to use these words which help them to enrich their vocabulary;4)read the in-class reading passage in a limited time and grasp some expressions and grammatical points in the in-class reading passage to improve their reading comprehension;5) do some post-reading exercises and some after-class reading to practice what they have got to know in class to improve their English comprehensive skills.;6) translate some typical sentences into Chinese or English by using some expressions learned in the reading passages to acquire some translating skills and better their translating abilities.Useful Information“Dreams surely are difficult, confusing, and not everything in them is brought to pass for mankind. For fleeting (飞逝的，短暂的) dreams have two gates; one is fashioned of horn (牛角) and one of ivory (象牙). Those which pass through the one of sawn (saw: 锯；用锯子切割)ivory are deceptive (欺骗性的), bringing tidings (消息，音讯) which come to nought (无，零), but those which issue from the one of polished horn bring true results when a mortal (凡人，人类) sees them.”——Ho mer, a Greek writerWhile our own understanding of dreams is certainly more complex than that of Homer, there are still many things aboutdreams which we do not understand. We know when dreams occur, we know they can be either “good dreams” or “bad dreams”, but there is still much disagreement about what, if any, significance dreams have to our life while we are awake.The interpretation of dreams has been a favorite activity of people for as long as we have had recorded history. Some of these dream interpreters have become famous, and some, like the European psychologist Sigmund Freud, felt that all dreams have meanings which relate to our personal relationships with family members and friends. Freud felt that many dreams have sexual meanings, but other dream experts reject this idea.Part One Preparation1. A Dream PollRead the following statements below. Put a tick in the space provided if you agree, and a zero if you don’t.Dreams can___ 1) predict the future;___ 2) warn you of health dangers;___ 3) seem more real than reality;___ 4) provide an answer to a problem;___ 5) present a work of art to a creative mind;___6) stimulate powerful physical response in the body;___7) point out personality flaws (缺陷);___ 8) make you feel good;___ 9) make you feel very tired;___10) make you live longer.Sample1) I don’t think dreams can predict the future. I never take dreams seriously. To me, dreams are just nonsense. Some people claim that what they dreamed came true. If this is the case, it is only by accident.2) Dreams can make me feel good. After a good night’s sleep and some sweet dreams, I feel happy and full of energy when I wake up in the morning. But of course, I don’t like terrible dreams whichmake me very tired.2. Talking About Your DreamsDirections:Work in pairs and discuss your dreams. Base your discussion about dreams on the following questions.1) Do you have recurring dreams, that is, dreams that you often have?2) Have you ever wondered about the meanings of your dreams? Do you have any explanation for your dreams?3) Why do you think people dream?SampleA: How often do you dream?B: I dream almost every night.A: What sort of dreams do you have? Are they connected to your daily life?B: Yes, I always dream about things that are connected to daily life. For example, after I play computer games for a long time, I dream of playing computer games. Sometimes, I can’t find a book, but then I dream that I have found it.A: Do you have recurring dreams?B: Yes. I often dream of having to take an exam I haven’t prepared for.A: Have you ever wondered about the meanings of your dreams?Do you have any satisfactory explanations for your dreams?B: I am curious about the meanings of my dreams, but I don’t have any explanations for them. Someone told me that if I dream of coffins or water, I will be rich. I did dream of water, but I am still very poor. I ask my parents for money every month.A: Why do you think people dream?B: It is hard to say. However, as a Chinese saying goes, we think of something too often and we dream of it during the night. I think when the body is at rest, the minor part of the brain continues to work. That may be the reason why we dream.Part Three In-Class ReadingAre You a Dreamer?General Reading1. Background InformationA.Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)An Austrian doctor who developed a new system for understanding the way that people’s minds work, and a new way of treating mental illness called psychoanalysis (心理分析). He believed that the bad experiences that people behave as children can affect their mental health as adults, and that by talking to mentally ill people about their past life and feelings, the hidden causes of their illness can be found. He wrote The Interpretation of Dreams and The Ego and the Id. His ideas, especially about the importance of sex, had a very great influence on the way that people thought in the 20th century.B. Carl Jung (1875-1961)A Swiss psychiatrist (精神病医师，精神病学家) who studied the importance of dreams and religion in problems of the mind, and divided people into two groups, introverts (格性内向的人) and extroverts (性格外向的人). Jung developed the idea of the collective unconscious (集体无意识：在荣格心理学里指一个社会、一个民族或整个人类共有的头脑中部分无意识状态，是精神遗传的产物，包含诸如科学观、宗教观、伦理观等), the belief that people’s feelings an d reactions are often based on deep memories of human experience in the past. He worked with Sigmund Freud until they had a serious disagreement.Part IV Para.7-9Dream interpretation.Part II Para.2-3 Scientific facts about dreams and sleep.Para.2 Dreaming occurs when we are in REM sleep.(When does dreaming occur?)Para.3 The main purposes of sleeping: to give us rest and to allow us to dream.(What are the main purposes of sleeping?) Part III Para.4-6 Possible causes of dream.Para.4 Some dreams may have a physiological cause.Para.5 That explanation is not enough and there are disputes. Para.6 Another cause is people’s reflection of inner fears.Part IV Para.7-9 Dream interpretation.Para.7 The earliest dream dictionary included symbols such as drinking wine to indicate short life and drinking water to indicate a long life.Para.8 Artemidorus’ dictionary includes symbols such as right hand (father), left hand (mother) and dolphin (a good omen). Para.9 There are countless interpretations, while people should read with care.Detailed ReadingWord study:1. analysis:1）a careful examination of sth. in order to understand it better 分析The close analysis of sales figure shows clear regional variations.对销售额的仔细分析显示出明显的地区差别。

Unit FivePart 1 Listening, Understanding and SpeakingListening IKeysExercise 1√1, √4, √5, √6, √7, √8Exercise 2ACDBExercise 31) strange, 2) strange force, 3) very steep, 4) at the bottom, 5) watching6) be punished, 7) in the darkness, 8)scared, 9)avoid ,10)exam,11) interpreting dreams, 12) disappointing, 13) making mistakes, 14) symbol Exercise 4Sample1. I think Jennifer’s nightmare has something to do with her fear of failure, failure in exams, failure in living up to her Parents’expectations etc. She probably didn’t do well at collage and she had experienced failures. What she feared in life was represented in her dream.2. I often have nightmares and my nightmares are generally the same. One typical nightmare I have is that I am chased by someone and I try to run fast but I can’t. And usually when I am about to be caught I wake up, sometimes sweating all over. I’ve told people about it and the interpretation given is that my schedule is too tight most of the time. I don’t know how Freud would interpret it, but the interpretation seems to make sense.ScriptPart AJennifer is talking to an interviewer about her nightmare.Jennifer: It was always the same. Always. I was in a house, a strange house, and I knew somehow that I shouldn’t have gone in. But there was some strange force pulling me. There were some stairs…very steep stairs… and I started to climb them, and … and then, suddenly fell. Then when I was at the bottom of the stairs, I suddenly realized that there was someone…or something else in the house with me, and that these eyes had been watching me all the time, and…I knew then that something terrible…was going to happen to me…that I was going to be punished…because I’d done something I shouldn’t have done. I didn’t know what it was, but I knew it was wrong, very wrong. Then I could hear it…whatever it was in the house withme…coming closer in the darkness, because everything was dark, you see, and it came closer and closer. And I was scared…and there was nothing, nothing I could do to avoid it…nothing. I was trapped! Trapped in that dark house at the bottom of the stairs. There was no way out.Interviewer: And how often…Jennifer: No way out !Part BInterviewer: How often have you had this nightmare?Jennifer: When I was in college, just about every time I had an exam. And then, a few years later, when I was taking an intensive Italian course in Italy, I had the same dream again. Just the same as before.Interviewer: And you discussed it with a psychoanalyst ?Jennifer: Yes, later, after I came back to Los Angles, I started therapy, and this dream came up, and we discussed it quite a bit.Interviewer: And what did the psychoanalyst say?Jennifer: He said…uh…you have to be very careful about interpreting dreams, but we both agreed that the dream was a symbol of my fear of failure…of disappointing my parents when I was in college, for example, by failing my dreams, or…or when I was taking that Italian course, I remember how scared I was sometimes.Interviewer: Scared of what?Jennifer: Of making mistakes in class, in front of the teacher or the other students. I was always in fear.Interviewer: I see.Jennifer: And the dream was a kind of classic symbol of that fear…of the fear of failure. Falling down stairs in a dream is a symbol of that. The two words are very similar.Interviewer: Which…which two words? Oh, you mean…Jennifer: Yes, fall-fail, falling-failure. Very similar, aren’t they?Listening IIKeysExercise 11.C2. A3. I4. H5. F6. D7. J8. GExercise 21.Because dreams are closely related to wakng lives.2.more women have careers.3.The possible reasons is that they are making important decision about career , marriage and life direction.4.solve problems.5.Life experience /Biological conditioning and social conditioning , life stages and attitudes.Exercise 3Sample1.In Chinese culture, fish is a symbol of prosperity. As a dream symbol, fish,particularly salmon, is associated with knowledge and intelligence. If you dream about eating fish, it is believed that you gain knowledge and wisdom.2.In dreams, the snake has many interpretations. It is regarded as a symbol oftemptation or wisdom. It is also interpreted as someone trying to harm you in underhanded or sneaky manner. In Chinese culture, it is believed that snake is a symbol of fortune in a dream.3.The sword in a dream is a symbol of power, authority, protection, or a need tocut away some part or aspect in your life.4.Something that is covered with dust is something that has not been touchedfor a long time. Therefore, dust in a dream may be a symbol of a shut away emotion, fear, or desire within the conscious.5.Houses in dreams are regarded by many psychoanalysts as representing one’spersonality. If you dream about a beautiful house, you could have a positive self-image. If you dream that you keep moving from house to house, you may have been trying different aspects of your personality, or you may be trying to find out what kind of person you are. And the level of the room in the house is believed to indicate the depth of a particular part of personality in you unconscious. But the basement in a dream, for instance, can be as a symbol of the deepest part your personality.6.Death in ad dream can mean the death or change to a part of yourpersonality or the end of a certain phase in your life, For instance, if you dream that a friend dies, it could mean that you have ended up or you have been feeling the need to end up a period of time spent with them.ScriptNew research shows that dreams are often distorted reflections of our daily life. many experts now believe our dreams are so closely related to our waking lives that we canuse them to help us recognize our inner conflicts.According to some experts, men and women dream differently because of biological and social conditioning. In a study of 1000 dreams, half from each sex, experts found that men more often have action dreams .Usually these are set outdoors or in unfamiliar surroundings. Women dream more about emotional struggles with loved ones, usually in indoor settings. As more women have careers, their dreams might become more like man’s. Researchers have found that while housewives dream more about children, women in the workplace dream about bosses and colleagues. Small children who are easily scared dream about frightening animals and monsters that that chase and attack them. Teenagers dream about romance and sex.Some dream researchers found in a study that people between 21and 34 have more anxiety over issues of right and wrong in their dreams, possibly because they are making importance decisions about career, marriage and life direction. People of age 35 to 49 are much less hostile toward others in their dreams, perhaps because they are reaching their greatest achievement and have less need for aggression while awake. After age 65, anxiety about aging appears much more often in people’s dreams.If life stages affect our dreams, so do out attitudes. Studies show that angry people act out their anger in their dreams, and depressed people sometimes dream they are victim of rejection.Creative people often use their dreams to solve problems. According to the author Naomi Epel, when some writers, artists or scientists go to sleep, they ask their subconscious for a dream that will help them solve problems.Listening IIIKeysExercise 1√2, √3, √6Exercise 2CBCACExercise 3SampleAdvantages of daydreaming●It helps kill boring time.●It helps children develop and explore their imagination.●It can reduce a person’s fear or anxiety.●It can keep us awake under dull conditions.Disadvantages of daydreaming●It can be a waste of time when you spend too much time daydreaming.●Children’s problem-solving skills may weaken if they spend too much time daydreaming instead of putting their imagination into work.●When you realize the wide gap between reality and daydreams, daydreaming can lead to greater anxiety and deeper frustration.●It distracts our attention, and may lead to danger in certain situations, like when we are driving a car.ScriptAlmost all people day dreaming during a normal day. We tend to daydreaming the most during those quiet times when we are alone in our cars, sitting in waiting rooms, or preparing for bed. day dreaming or fantasizing is not abnormal; it is a basic human characteristic. Most people have reported that they enjoy their day dreams . Some people have very probable and realistic daydreams while others have unrealistic fantasies such as inheriting a million dollars.Psychologists report that men daydream as much as women , but subject of their daydreams or fantasies is different. Men day dream more about being heroes and good athletes while women tend to daydream about fashions and beauty. As people grow older, they tend to fantasize less, although it is still common in old age. Older people tend to daydream a lot about the past. daydreaming or fantasizing enters into the games of children. Psychologists believe that it is very important for children to participate in fantasy play . It is a normal part of their development. It helps children develop and explore their imagination.Daydreaming has advantages and disadvantages In some situations it can reduce a person's fear or anxiety. can also keep us entertained or awake under dull or boring conditions. Unfortunately, to engage in a daydream or fantasy, we must divert part of our attention from our environment. When it is important for us to remain alert and pay attention to what is going on around us, day dreaming can cause problems. Listening IVKeysExercise 11) parting2)wrong3) dream4)night5) none6)seem7)shore8) sand9)fingers10) grasp11) save12) waveExercise 1Sample1 The fifth line in the first stanza(诗节), “That my days have been a dream”, indicates that the poet regarded his life as a dream.2 That last two lines of both stanzas are quite similar in the wording “ Is all that we see or seem/ But a dream within a dream,” which means that what we see, appear or hope is even more elusive than the life itself that we are living, and is, therefore, a dream within a dream.3 The “grains of the golden sand”may have referred to the start of the “gold rush”in California in 1848, the year before the poem was written, Another interpretation is that it may symbolize the people or things that the poet had valued and treasured, as he was so eager to “grasp them with a tighter clasp”.4) The “pitiless wave”can be interpreted in two ways. It can be viewed as symbolizing “time”, which is compared to “tide” in the saying “ Time and tide wait for no man”. Or it can be interpreted as “death”, which, just as “time”, sweeps away people around us, no matter how eagerly we’d like them to stay.Exercise 3Sample1 This poem may have been addressed to his beloved (could be his wife) in her death bed, who received a farewell kiss from the poet. This can be seen from the first two lines: “ Take this kiss upon the brow! And, in parting from you now,…”2 The poet’s hope is expressed in the second stanza. He wished that he could hold onto people and things that he treasured. But he could not stop the time and death taking away his beloved, however hard he tried. His helplessness led to his confusion, which can be seen from more questions posed by the poet in the second stanza. Physically, the poem is very interestingly laid out in two stanzas, just like two layers of dreams: the first being “life”, a dream, and the second layer “hope”, a dream within a dream, which is more confusing than the first. This idea is very similar to that in the movie Inception (《盗梦空间》) --- the more layers of dreams have, the less stable they become.3 The poet’s depressing tone may have resulted from his troubled and miserable life since his childhood. He felt betrayed by everyone. His mother, who died when he was a small child; his biological father, who abandoned him; his step father, who never legally adopted him and who, ultimately, cast him adrift; and, aboveall, his young dead wife, a beauty symbolizing purity and peace in his eyes. Life itself had seemingly thwarted (挫败) his every hope and effort.ScriptA Dream Within A DreamTake this kiss upon the brow!And, in parting from you now,Thus much let me avow---You are not wrong, who deemThat my days have been a dream;Yes if hope has flown awayIn a night, or in a day,In a vision, or in none,Is it therefore the less gone?All that we see or seemIs but a dream within a dream.I stand amid the roarOf a surf-tormented shore,And I hold within my handGrains of the golden sand---How few! Yet how they creepThrough my fingers to the deep,While I weep---while I weep!O God! Can I not graspThen with a fighter clasp?O God! Can I not saveOne from the pitiless wave?Is all that we see or seemBut a dream within a dream?Part 3 Viewing, Understanding and SpeakingKeysExercise 1BACDExercise 21.too good to be true2.various kinds of3.igonored4.stand5.has something to do with6.gathering fruit7.can’t afford8.something wrong with9.ripe, at hande trueExercise 4SampleI had a dream after I watched the movie of the Harry Porter series. I was walking down a street when my shoes turned into a pair of roller skates. I skated on the pavement, and saw a section of the road suddenly collapsed. I was about to fall when my roller skaters turned into a broomstick! And before I knew it, I found myself flying in the sky, just as Harry Porter did in the movie.ScriptMary: (She awakes from a sweet dream) Ah…Darling, everything is so wonderful! The sun, the air, the water… I feel as if I were in a dream.John: (He still reads the book with not much response.) A dream? Yes, a dream. Mary: Have a look at the beautiful scenery around you, darling. Don’t you think it’s too good to be true?John: Mm, maybe.Mary: Eh, you aren’t listening to me. What are you reading now?John: (He closes the book.) It’s Freud’s Interpretation of Dreams. Honey, have you ever wondered what’s …what’s the meaning of you dreams? You might get some satisfactory explanations for your dreams from this book, because Freud explains various kinds of dreams in it.Mary: It must be a very interesting book! Otherwise, you wouldn’t have ignored me. It seems to me that I’m not as attractive as Freud.John: Yes, it really is.Mary: Yes? ! You mean I’m not charming enough? I can hardly stand your rudeness. John: Of course not. I mean it’s really an interesting book. Freud says that everything in our dreams has something to do with our real life.Mary: Really? I often dream I’m gathering fruit in an orchard. What does fruit represent in our dreams?John: It predicts good fortune. You’ll be rich, honey.Mary: But the fact is we still can’t afford to buy a house.John: I have to admit that’s absolutely true. I spent about all I had on our honeymoon. Mary: Well, there must be something wrong with your interpretations, darling, I doubt whether dreams can predict the future.John: Before I can be more exact, you have to give me more details.Mary: What further information do you need?John: Well, honey, could you tell me what the color of the fruit is in your dreams? Mary: Er…the fruit doesn’t seem to be ripe. In my dreams, I think it’s green. John: I’ve got it. If the color of the fruit is green, you can’t be rich immediately,because only ripe fruit is interpreted as good fortune at hand.Mary: Oh? Are you sure about that?John: Definitely. I’ve just looked it up in Freud’s book.Mary: Then we’ll just have to wait and see?John: That’s right, honey. Do you have any other happy dreams?Mary: Yes. I had another one just now. It was so sweet that I smiled from ear to ear. Would you like to have another try, Mr. Freud?John:It’s my pleasure, madam. What happened in this dream? I guarantee you I can give you another good explanation.Mary: When I was dozing, I dreamed that you gave me a beautiful diamond necklace as memento of our wonderful honeymoon, what do you think that means?John:(He understands his wife’s actual intention and tries to find a way out.) Er…Er… I’m not sure. Er…maybe I’m not knowledgeable enough! But anyway I can turn to the book for help. Wait a minute!Mary: Take it easy, darling! I’m…I’m sure you know how you can make it come true.John: Too bad!Mary:What’s wrong?John: (He smiles cunningly at his wife.) I’m afraid Freud didn’t tell me how to interpret a daydream, only dreams at night.Mary: Daydream?!John: Yes, it must be a daydream since you had it during the day.Part 3 Video Appreciation and Singing for FunVideo AppreciationKeysExercise 1DEFFExercise 21)Mix the sound2)Drag you back3)seagulls4)taking a walk5)police siren6)pulls off the earphones7)alarming dreamsExercise 31)remained alert2)sounds of danger3)the reason4)are reliant on5)aliveExercise 4Sample●I fell asleep after a session of yoga to a light, soft background music once. Idreamed that I was lying on a beach, basking in the sun, with the waves lapping gently against the rocks, and seagulls flying over me. It was so comfortable and relaxing that I felt energetic again after I woke up from the nap.●I once traveled by train and saw a young mother fast asleep, with thepassengers around chattering away. However, she seemed to be very alert to her 3- or 4-year-old’s cry, even if it was in a very low voice. As I saw it, we can sleep through the sounds that we don’t care about, but tend to be dragged back to wakefulness by sounds that worry us.●I dreamed about taking a math test once before my college entranceexamination. I was still struggling with one tough problem when the bell rang sharply, which signaled the end of the test. I felt like being paralyzed in my seat, unable to move a single inch. When I woke up in misery and sweat, I found the bell was nothing but my alarm clock. To a college entrance exam taker, the bell is indeed a very threatening sound signal.ScriptEpisode 1We live in a world of incessant sounds. During our waking hours, our ears are bombarded with noise. But what happens when we’re asleep? Sleep takes up a third of our lives, and that’s when we’re at our most vulnerable. So our sense of hearing never goes off duty. Even as we sleep our ears detect sounds,and our brain analyses them. But why is it that some noises feature in our dreams, while others can wrench us from our sleep? Weird Science goes into the sleeping brain and our evolutionary past to find out. Every night when we go to sleep our senses shut down, except for our sense of hearing, which stays alert to sounds beyond the bedroom. Sounds are just tiny movements of the air molecules around us, funneled down the ear canal to the eardrum. The moving air makes the eardrum vibrate, and these vibrations are amplified by the tiniest bones in the body and passed to the fluid-filled cochlea. Here, the vibrations send ripples through the fluid which move rows of microscopic hair cells. These create electrical signals sent to the brain.Episode 2The brain may mix the sound into the visuals of your dreams, or drag you back to wakefulness. At Swansea University, Dr. Mrak Blaggrove studies the impact of different noises on the brains of sleeping volunteers. These electrodes allow Mark to monitor Sarah’s brainwaves while she sleeps. Once there are signs that she’s dreaming, he can test the effects of different sounds on her dreams. First she gets a blast of seagulls through her headphones. She sleeps through the noise. But has it changed herdream? (Hi Sarah) Mark waits for a couple of minutes, and then wakes her up and asks what she was dreaming about ( I was on a hilltop…Uh huh). Sarah’s dream was of taking a walk on a windy hilltop. An hour later, Sarah is asleep and dreaming again. Now, the test is a threatening sound --- a police siren. It’s no louder than the seagulls, and for a while, she sleeps through the noise. But then she stirs, and, half-conscious, she pulls off the earphones. Can she remember what she was dreaming about before the noise disturbed her? (Yeah, um ambulances…) Amazingly, even while she was asleep, Sarah heard the sirens and they triggered vivid, alarming dreams. The sound eventually convinced her sleeping brain to wake up.Episode 3So why does the brain deal with sounds in such different ways? The answer can be found in our prehistoric past. Our ancestors needed sleep, but it made them more vulnerable to attack by predators. To safeguard them, their sense of hearing remained alert, listening for the sounds of danger. Now the sounds are different, but the reason for hearing in your sleep is jus the same. For a third of your life, you’re reliant on your sense of hearing to keep you alive. Hopefully!Singing for funLyricsI Have a DreamI have a dream, a song to singTo help me cope with anythingIf you see the wonder of a fairy taleYou can take the future, even if you failI believe in angels, something good in everything I seeI believe in angels, when I know the time is right for meI’ll cross the stream, I have a dreamOh yeahI have a dream, a fantasyTo help me through realityAnd my destination makes it worth the whilePushing through the darkness, still another mileI believe in angels, something good in everything I seeI believe in angels, when I know the time is right for meI’ll cross the stream, I have a dreamI have a dream, a song to singTo help me cope with anythingIf you see the wonder of a fairy taleYou can take the future, even if you failI believe in angels, something good in everything I seeI believe in angels, when I know the time is right for meI’ll cross the stream, I have a dreamI’ll cross the stream, I have a dreamPart 4 Further Speaking and ListeningFurther ListeningListening IKeysExercise 15>7>4>1>6>3>8>2Exercise 2CABDBDCScriptIn 1865 ,in a small town in Germany ,a little boy was very sick. His name was Max Hoffman.“Will our son die ?” Max’s parents asked the doctor.“Maybe,” the doctor said quietly .”Stay with Max .Keep him warm .That’s all you can do .”For three days Max lay in his bed . Then he died .He was only five years old .Max’s parents buried their son in the town cemetery .That night Max’s mother had a terrible dream. She dreamed that Max was moving in his coffin . She screamed in her sleep.“Sh ,sh,” her husband said. “It’s all right .You had a bad dream.”The next night Max’s mother screamed in her sleep again . She had the same terrible dream.On the third night Max’s mother had another bad dream. She dreamed that Max was crying . She got out of bed and got dressed. “Quick! Get dressed ,”she told her husband . “We’re going to the cemetery .I want to see Max. I want to dig up his coffin.”At four o’clock in the morning Max’s parent and a neighbor hurried to thecemetery .They dug up Max’s coffin and opened it . There was Max .He looked dead. But he wasn’t lying on his back . He was lying on his side.Max’s father carried Max home . Then he ran to get the doctor .For an hour the doctor rubbed whisky on Max’s lips and warmed his body. Then Max opened his eyes .Max was alive ! A week later he was playing with his friends.Max Hoffman died—really died—in the United State in 1953. He was 93 year old . Listening IIKeysExercise 1TFFTFTExercise 21)pushing2)away3)friend’s house4)burned to death5)the dead6)in front of7)kid s’ minds8)making moneyScript(A couple is talking about their 8-year-old daughter ,Debbie .They also have a son ,Barry ,who is 16.)Mother : I had to go in to Debbie twice last night .She was having these terrible nightmares! She was screaming and shouting and she kept trying to push me away .She was yelling , “Don’t hurt me ! Don’t hurt me !”Father : What was wrong with her then ?Mother : I don’t know. I couldn’t get a word out of her when she woke up this morningFather: Does Barry know anything about it ? Didn’t she go with him to his friend’s yesterday afternoon ? Wait a minute , I’ll give him a shout . Barry ! Come here , Will you ?Barry: What’s up?Father: Didn’t you say you were going to watch a video at your friend’s yesterday?Mother: Well, what exactly did you watch ? Debbie’s been having the most terrible nightmares.Barry: Oh, I don’t know ! Some film his dad had left lying around . About a man who had been burned to death in a car crash, who came back from the dead to take revenge on young girls . He tears them to bits and eats them. It was a young girl , see , who ran in front of his car and made him crash . Don’t know why it’s giving her nightmares. It was really stupid , if you ask me ! Anyway, she didn’t have to watch it . did she ?Mother:You should have more sense at your age . You should have stopped her watching it.Father: I blame the people who made films like that. They shouldn’t be allowed to make them . They must be really sick! All they care about is making money –they don’t care they are doing to kid s’ minds.Listening IIIKeysExercise 1ACDBCExercise 2TTTT FFTTScriptDear Editor,Your paper is great . I read with great interest your interpretation of dreams of teeth falling out .It is the same interpretation that many others use as well : needing to be heard etc. I myself had this dream repeatedly and was dying to know what it meant , as is was always confusing and disturbing . However , I was always unsatisfied with the “ needing to be heard ” thing.Your might note that many people who have this dream are feeling worried , depressed or frightened as their teeth are falling out painlessly .Sometime they even try to keep the teeth from falling out . Finally I came up with a different interpretation , which fitted me much better . In fact , I’ve had fewer dreams of this so rt now .So I thought you might be interested .For me , the dream means I am talking TOO MUCH . It means thoughtlessness ,telling secrets , gossiping unwisely . And it’s my subconscious warning me .Now ,if I have this dream ,I know I have been unwise with my big mouth ! Trying to cram the teeth back in , or stop them falling out ,or trying to find a dentist , actually means trying to stop the words or gossip from coming out , and the feelings of depression are reflecting the regret of being too revealing –usuallyto an enemy . I am much more aware of this now and not such a big mouth ! Maybe you could add to your interpretation,Best,KatieListening IVKeysExercise 1DCBDExercise 2TFTFFTScriptSleep is something we generally associate with living creatures. Of course, it is true that a lot of animals sleep, but zoologists are not certain that primitive forms of animals life, like worms and snails, even really sleep. On the other hang, animals such as bears sleep for 4 or 5 months every year.The amount of sleep a human being needs depends on age, the individual and possibly race. .For example, doctors think that pre-school children need between 10 and12 hours a night; school children between 9 and 11 hours, and adults between 7and9 hours. There are exceptional cases of old people who sleep only between 2 and 3 hours a day and continue to be active and healthy. The sleep requirements of different races also appear to be different. Japanese people, for example, sleep, sleep fewer hours than Europeans.It is not known for certain if certain if mental activity (apart from dreaming) occurs when a person is asleep. However, it is certainly true that some people can wake up at a specific, pre-determined time. There are also stories about mathematicians who solve difficult problems during sleep, because their subconscious minds continue working on the problem.Some types of unpleasant dreams (or ‘‘nightmares’’)are quite common, the dreams is taking a test, but is not properly prepared. he is falling from a tree ,or an animal or thing is chasing him. Some people say these last two occur because man’s ancestors lived in trees and were in constant danger from wild animals.。

Unit 5 Keep your Dreams AliveA Famous QuoteYou are never too old to set another goal to dream a new dream.-- C. S. LewisClive Staples Lewis (1898-1963), Irish-born British scholar, writer and lay theologian. He was an established literary figure whose impact is increasingly recognized by scholars and teachers.Text A Life Is DifficultPre-reading Questions:1. Do you believe that life is difficult? What are some of the difficulties that you haveencountered in your life?2. What suggestions did you get from your parents or friends when you met withdifficulties in your life?Life is difficult.This is a great truth, one of the greatest truths. It is a great truth because once we truly see this truth we transcend it. Once we truly know that life is difficult – once we truly understand and accept it – then life is no longer difficult. Because once it is accepted, that fact that life is difficult no longer matters.Most people do not fully see this truth that life is difficult.Instead they moan more or less incessantly, noisily or subtly, about the enormity of their problems, their burdens, and their difficulties as if life were generally easy, as if life should be easy. They voice their belief, noisily or subtly, that their difficulties represent a unique kind of affliction that should not be and that has somehow been especially visited upon them, or else upon their families, their tribe, their class, their nation, their race, or even their species, and not upon others. I know about this moaning because I have done my share.Life is a series of problems. Do we want to moan about them or solve them? Do we want to teach our children to solve them?Discipline is the basic set of tools we require to solve life’s problems. Without discipline we can solve nothing. With only some discipline we can solve only some problems. With total discipline we can solve all problems.What makes life difficult is that the process of confronting and solving problems is a painful one. Problems, depending upon their nature, evoke in us frustration of grief, sadness, loneliness, guilt, regret, anger, fear, anxiety, anguish, or despair. These are uncomfortable feelings, often very uncomfortable, often as painful as any kind of physical pain, sometimes equaling the very worst kind of physical pain. Indeed, it is because of the pain that events or conflicts engender in us all that we can call them problems. And since life poses and endless of problems, life is always difficult and is full of pain as well as joy.Yet it is in this whole process of meeting and solving problems that life has its meaning. Problems are the cutting edge that distinguishes between success and failure. Problems call forth our courage and our wisdom; indeed, they create our courage and our wisdom. It is only because of problems that we grow mentally and spiritually. When we desire to encourage the growth of the human spirit, we challenge and encourage the human capacity to resolve problems, just as in school we deliberately set problems for our children to solve. It is through the pain of confronting and resolving that we learn. As Benjamin Franklin said, “Those things that hurt, instruct.” It is for this reason that wise people learn no to dread but actually to welcome problems and actually to welcome the pain of problems.Text B Begin AgainPre-reading Question:1. If your friends turn to you for advice when they face life’s challenges, what will yousay to them?2. What advice do you expect the author will give to people in difficulties?To begin again means that you won’t g ive up.To begin again means you’re trying.You can either start over and live your life.Or spend the rest of your life slowly dying.It is never the falling that makes us fail.It is never the pain or the crying.You can never fail in life, my friend,Unless you give up trying.– Bob PerksIt seems lately that more and more of my friends are facing some seemingly insurmountable challenges in their lives. A few have lost their jobs and some have failed marriages. All too many have failed marriages. All too many have health issues or are battling cancer.I don’t know if it is desperation that causes them to turn to me for advice or whether they have come to value our friendship. But it is difficult, to say the least, to offer words of hope when all they feel is hopelessness. They expect answers, some magic waving of a wand, or a roadmap to get them back on their feet again.I have often struggled with what to say. Mostly because I have faced many of the same challenges in my own life, I remember how empty I felt after someone cheerfully offered words like, “Keep your chin up!” “Things will get better!” “Hang in there!” “It’s always darkest…,” etc.Yes, even those were quick to quote the Bible to me found me quite unreceptive at the time.Now, as an inspiration writer, being thought of as a resource of hope or a good (or bad) example of what to do in life, I have even more people contacting me.So, what do I say?“What can I do, Bob?” I’ve lost my job. What do you suggest?”“Begin again.”“He walked out on me.My whole world just ended. What should I do?”“Begin again.”“Bob, I know both your on and your wife have cancer. I found out my wife does, too. What did you tell them?”“Begin again.”It almost sounds too simple. I imagine in the darkest hours of one’s l ife, those works would seem useless or uncaring. But it is indeed the answer.All life challenges bring about and ending –and the chance for a beginning. A job prevents and opportunity to start over somewhere else and maybe even in another career.A failed marriage does not mean you are through loving or being loved. It means there are others just like you needing to be loved. Find them.A life-threatening disease does not mean giving up. It means starting a new path to recovery and discovering within yourself the ability to fight back and win.And if you are a person of faith, even death does not mean it’s over. It means, “to begin again.”。