Observation-Based Inquiry in a Virtual Ambient Environment

化工专业英语————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：ﻩ化学专业课程中英文对照普通化学 Geｎｅrａl Cheｍiｓtry 分析化学Ａnalｙtical Ｃｈeｍistｒy 有机化学ＯrganiｃChemistｒy 物理化学 Phｙｓｉcal Ｃhｅｍisｔｒy 谱学导论Ｉnｔrod ｕctｏn of Spectroscoｐy 无机化学Iｎｏrganｉc Cheｍistry 普通化学和分析化学实验Exｐeriｍｅnts of ＧeneｒａｌａnｄAnａlytiｃａl Cｈeｍistrｙ现在基础化学 The Prｉｎciｐｌe oｆＭordeｒn Cｈemisｔry 现在基础化学实验 Exｐeｒｉmeｎｔｓｏf Ｍodｅrn Fｕｎdaｍｅnｔａl Cｈeｍistry 有机化学实验Ｅxpeｒiｍenｔs ｏf OrganiｃＣｈemｉstｒy 仪器分析和物理化学实验 Exｐｅriments of Instｒumｅntal Analysis and Ｐhyｓｉｃal Ｃｈeｍiｓtrｙ合成化学实验 Expeｒimｅｎtｓ of Syntｈｅtｉc Chemｉstrｙ现代化学专题 Topic oｆ Mｏdern Ｃhemistry 化学综合实验 Exｐerimeｎts of CoｍprｅhensivｅCｈｅmistry 化工原理 Prｉｎｃiple of C ｈemical Engineeｒing 化工原理实验 Expeｒiｍentｓ of Chemical Eｎｇiｎeeｒing 应用化学实验Exｐeriｍｅnts of Aｐｐlｉeｄ Chemisｔry 无机合成化学Ｓynthｅｔic Inorgａniｃ Cｈemistｒy 近代分析化学 Modern Anａlyｔｉｃal Ｃhｅmisｔｒy 分离分析化学 Sｅparatioｎ Analytical Ｃhemisｔrｙ有机化合物波谱鉴定 Sｐecｔrｕm Idｅnｔiｆiｃaｔｉｏn oｆ Orgａｎｉｃ Compounds 有机合成及反应机理 OrgａniｃSyntｈeｓiｓ anｄ Mechanics 化学进展 Proｇreｓs ｉｎＣhemｉstｒｙ化学反应工程 Chemiｃaｌ Reaｃtｉｏn Ｅnｇiｎeerｉng 应用电化学 Aｐpliｅd Ｅlecｔｒochｅｍistrｙ工业催化 Induｓｔｒｉaｌ Catalysｉs 环境化学Ｅｎvironmeｎｔal Cｈemiｓｔry 环境监测 Envｉｒonmenｔal Ｍoniｔｏring 化学科技英语Sｃｉentific E ｎglish for Ｃhemiｓtry 数理方法在化学中的应用Mathemaｔical Statistics ｆor Cheｍｉｓtry 化工制图CｈｅｍiｃaｌＥngｉｎeｅｒing Ｃartｏgraｐhy 计算机与化学测量实验Computｅr ａnd CｈemicaｌMeａsureｍent 化学信息学 Chemoinｆormａt ｉcs oｒ ChemicaｌInfｏrmatｉcs 应用化学专题Special Ｔopicｓin AｐplｉeｄChemisｔry化工装置常用词汇 1一概论 introductｉｏn 方案(建议书) ｐroposal 可行性研究ｆeａsibiｌity ｓtｕd ｙ方案设计 concepｔ design 工艺设计 procesｓ design 基础设计baｓiｃ design详细设计 deｔail ｄeｓigｎ开工会议 kｉck－oｆf meetinｇ审核会议 rｅviｅｗmeetinｇ外商投资 fｏｒeｉｇｎ inｖｅstｍent 中外合资joint ventｕrｅ中外合营ｊoiｎt ｖｅnture 补偿贸易ｃoｍpensatiｏｎ trade 合同合同附件ｃoｎｔｒacｔ卖方 vｅndor 买方 buyer 顾客 clｉｅnt 承包商ｃoｎtrａcｔor 工程公司 compaｎy 供应范围scope of sｕｐply 生产范围prｏductiｏn scopｅ生产能力ｐroduction caｐaciｔy 项目 prｏject 界区ｂaｔtｅry lｉmit 装置 planｔ公用工程 utiliｔieｓ工艺流程图 process flｏw diａgram 工艺流程方块图ｐrocess bｌocｋ dｉaｇr ａm 管道及仪表流程图 pipiｎg ａnｄ iｎstｒuｍent drａｗing 物料及热量平衡图mass & heat bａlance diａgｒaｍ蒸汽及冷凝水平衡图 steaｍ & coｎdensate ｂalance ｄiaｇram 设备布置图 equipment layout 设备表eqｕiｐmeｎt lｉsｔ成品(产品) ｐroducｔ(final product) 副产品ｂy-ｐｒoduct 原料 raw-ｍateriaｌ设计基础数据basｉc daｔa for desiｇｎ技术数据technical data 数据表ｄatａ sheet 设计文件dｅsｉgn docuｍent 设计规定ｄesｉgn ｒｅgulａtion 现场服务 sｉｔe ｓervice 项目变更ｐrｏject ｃｈanｇe 用户变更ｃｌienｔchange 消耗定额ｃo ｎsuｍｐtｉoｎ qｕotａ技术转让tｅcｈnｉcaｌ traｎsfer 技术知识 technical knoｗ-how ｔｅchnｉｃal ｋｎowleｄge 技术保证technｉｃal guaｒanteｅ咨询服务 cｏnｓultaｔive ｓerｖｉces 技术服务ｔecｈｎical ｓｅrvicｅs 工作地点locaｔiｏn 施工现场consｔrｕction field 报价ｑuoｔation 标书 bidding book 公司利润coｍpany pｒofit 固定价合同ｆｉxｅd pｒｉｃe contract 固定单价合同fixeｄ unit pricｅ conｔrａct 成本加酬金合同 cost plus awarｄ fee contｒａct 定金ｍobiｌizaｔｉｏｎ银行保证书 bａnk ｇuarａｎteｅ letter 保留金ｒeten ｔiｏn 所得税ｉncoｍe ｔａxｅs 特别承包人税ｓpeciaｌcontractｏr's taxes 城市和市政税 city and ｍunｉcipaｌ tａxes 工作手册ｗork manｕａl 工作流程图work ｆlｏw diaｇrａｍ质量保证程序QA/QC procｅdurｅs 采购计划 procuｒeｍent ｐｌaｎ施工计划ｃonstructiｏn plan 施工进度construｃtion ｓｃhedule 项目实施计划ｐrｏjeｃt ｅxecutiｏn plan 项目协调程序prｏjeｃt coordinａtioｎ p ｒoceduｒｅ项目总进度计划ｐroject ｍａsteｒｓcheｄule 设计网络计划ｅｎgineering ｎetｗoｒk logic 项目质量保证pｒoject qualiｔｙａssuｒance 项目质量控制ｐrojｅｃｔ qualｉtｙcontrｏl 采购pｒｏcｕremｅnt 采购周期ｐrocｕremeｎt ｐeｒiod 会签 the squad checｋ计算书cａlculation shｅets 询价inquiry 检验ｉnspectｉｏn 运输transｐortatｉon 开车 start ｕｐ/ ｃｏｍmiｓsiｏｎ验收ｉnspection & accｅptanｃｅ校核 check 审核 review 审定 approｖe 版次 versｉon 部门 depaｒｔｍent 专业 sｐecialty 项目号 projeｃt ｎuｍｂeｒ图号ｄrawing nｕmｂeｒ目录 cｏｎtｅnts 序言 foreword 章 chaｐter 节sｅction 项iteｍＭR matｅriaｌｒequisｉtｉon ＳPEＣ engiｎｅeｒing sｐeciｆic ａｔｉon DATA SHEET（技术表）ｔechnｉcal ｄata sｈeet TBA（技术评标） techｎica ｌｂｉｄanaｌyｓis PDＰpｒeliｍｉnary desｉgn paｃkage ＰＭ (项目经理) prｏject ｍａnagｅr LＤE（专业负责人) ｌｅad ｄiscｉplｉne enｇineｅｒ Maｔer ｉaｌrｅquiｓｉtioｎ for qｕotatiｏn MRQ(材料询价单) MＲP（材料采购单) mａterial ｒｅｑuｉsition for pｕrｃhasｅ BEP(基础工程设计包）ｂasic eｎgiｎee ｒｉng ｐackaｇe P＆ID(管道及仪表流程图）ｐｉping and instruｍenｔｄrawing(ｄｉaｇram) PＦD proceｓs flow dｉａgrａm NNF normally no fｌow FＯ failurｅope ｎ FC faｉｌurｅｃloｓe C/Ｓ/Ａｃivil/structure/arcｈitecture detail ｄｅsig ｎ pｈaｓe ＤDP（详细设计阶段)二. 工艺流程连续过程 continｕoｕs procｅｓｓ间歇过程ｂatch procｅss 工艺叙述 procｅｓｓdescrｉpｔion 工艺特点process featuｒe 操作oｐeraｔｉon 反应 reａctｉon 副反应 side ｒｅactｉoｎ絮凝ｆloｃcｕlａｔiｏn 浮洗 flotatｉｏｎ倾析dｅcantaｔioｎ催化反应 cａtalyticａl reactｉon 萃取 extｒａction 中和neｕtralization 水解 hydrｏlysis 过滤fｉltratioｎ干燥drｙing 还原reductiｏn 氧化 oｘidａtioｎ氢化hydrogenａtiｏn 分解 dｅcｏｍpoｓition 离解diｓｓｏciatｉoｎ合成ｓynthｅtｉcs 吸收 absｏrｐｔｉｏn 吸附 adsoｒptiｏn 解吸desorpｔion 结晶cｒyｓtallizaｔioｎ溶解 solutｉｏn 调节ｍｏdulａtｅ控制conｔrｏl 悬浮 sｕspeｎsion 循环ciｒcｕlａｔion 再生 regｅneｒａtiｏn 再活化ｒｅａcｔiｖatioｎ沥取 lｅacｈinｇ破碎 cｒuｓhiｎg 煅烧 caloinatioｎ沉降ｓｅdｉmentatｉｏｎ沉淀ｐrecipｉtatｉon 气化 gａｓｉfication 冷冻 refriｇeratioｎ固化、结晶sｏlｉdiｆiｃａtiｏn 包装 paｃkage 升华suｂlimation 燃烧comｂustion 引烧ｉgniｔiｏn 蒸馏 distillaｔiｏn 碳化 carｂonizatioｎ压缩 com ｐｒeｓｓioｎ三、化学物质及特性固体 sｏliｄ液体 liｑuiｄ气体 gas 化合物cｏｍpoｕｎd 混合物ｍiｘturｅ粉pｏｗder 片状粉未flake 小粒 gｒanule 结晶 crｙstａｌ乳化物 emulsiｏn 氧化物oｘidｉｚing agｅnt 还原剂 reducing ａgent 有机物ｏｒgａｎic ｍaｔerial 真空vacuum 母液ｍasｔer liquｏr 富液 rich liquｏr 贫液ｌean liquor 萃出物extract 萃余物rafｆｉnａｔｅ絮凝剂 flｏcculants 冷冻盐水ｂｒine 酸度 acidi ｔy 浓度 concentｒａtｉon 碱度 alkaliｎitｙ溶解度 solubility 凝固点ｓolidi ｆicaｌioｎｐoｉnｔ沸点 boiling point 熔点mｅlｔing poiｎt 蒸发率evaporatiｏn rate 粘度 vｉsｃｏsｉｔy 吸水的 watｅr absorbeｎt(a) 无水的ａnhydrous(a）外观 apｐｅaranｃe 无色的 colｏrless（a) 透明的 transparｅnt(ａ) 半透明的 tｒansluｃent 密度 dｅnsity 比重 specific gｒavity 催化剂caｔａｌysｔ燃烧 coｍbｕｓｔioｎ引燃 ignｉｔioｎ自然点 selｆ-ｉgniｔiｏn temperatｕrｅ可燃气体combusｔiblｅgas 可燃液体 iｎflammable liｑuｉd 易燃液体vｏlaｔile ｌiquｉd 爆炸混合物ｅxｐｌosivｅｍiｘturｅ爆炸性环境ｅxplosｉvｅ atm ｏspｈｅｒe（environment) 爆炸极限 exｐｌosｉｖe ｃoｎcentratｉｏn liｍｉt 废水ｗasｔe waｔｅr 废液ｗasｔe liquid 废气 oｆf-gas 噪声 nｏise polluｔioｎ成分 cｏｍposｉtion 挠度 deｆlｅction 力和力矩 force and ｍoment 弯矩beｎdｉng momenｔ应力-应变曲线 sｔress-straｉｎdｉaｇｒam 百分比 perceｎｔage 环境温度ａmbieｎｔｔemｐeraturｅ工作温度operａting 设计温度 desiｇn tempｅrature(pressuｒe) 相对湿度 RH=relａtｉve humｉditｙ油渣、淤泥 sludge 杂质impuriｔy四、化工设备泵 pump 轴流泵ａxｉal ｆlow pump 真空泵 vacuｕm ｐump 屏蔽泵canneｄ pump 柱塞泵pｌunger pump 涡轮泵 turbｉne pump 涡流泵 vorｔeｘｐump 离心泵 cｅntｒifugal pｕmp 喷射泵ｊet ｐump 转子泵rotaｒy ｐump 管道泵 iｎlｉne pumｐ双作用往复泵 dｏｕｂle acｔioｎ rｅciprocａting pump 计量泵 meｔeｒing pｕｍｐ深井泵ｄｅep welｌpumｐ齿轮泵ｇear ｐump 手摇泵 haｎd(wｏbble) pump 螺杆泵sｃｒｅw (spirａｌ） pｕmp 潜水泵 suｂmeｒsibｌe ｐump 斜转子泵 incliｎeｄ rot ｏr puｍｐ封闭式电磁泵 hermetically ｓealed mａgｎetic ｄrｉve ｐｕｍp 气升泵air-ｌifｔ-ｐｕmp 轴承beａring 叶轮 impelｌer 虹吸管sipｈｏn 高压容器hｉgh pressｕｒe vｅｓsel 焚化炉incineｒator 火焰清除器fｌamｅ arrester 工业炉ｆuｒnace 烧嘴 buｒnｅr 锅炉 bｏｉｌeｒ回转窑 rotaｒｙ kilｎ加热器heater 电加热器ｅlｅctric hｅａter 冷却器ｃooleｒ冷凝器conｄenser 换热器ｈｅaｔ exchａｎｇer 反应器ｒｅactor 蒸馏釜 still 搅拌器agitatoｒ混合器mixer 静态混合器 sｔatic mixers 管道混合器lｉne miｘers 混合槽mixiｎg tａｎks 破碎机crusher 磨碎机grｉnder 研磨机 pulｖeriｚeｒ球磨机 ballmilｌ过滤器 filｔer 分离器 sepaｒａｔor 干燥器 drｉer 翅片fiｎs 烟囱 staｃk 火炬ｆlare 筛子 sｃｒeen 煅烧窑 calcinｅr 倾析器 decanteｒ蒸发器 evaporaｔoｒ再沸器 rｅｂoiler 萃取器 exｔｒacｔor 离心机 cｅnｔrifugeｒ吸附（收)器 adsorbｅｒ结晶器 cｒystａllizer 电解槽eｌecｔroｌｙzｅｒ电除尘器ｅlectｒiｃpｒecipitatｏr 洗涤器 scruｂbｅｒ消石灰器 slaker 料仓 bｉn 料斗hoｐpeｒ加料器ｆｅeｄeｒ增稠器thickeneｒ澄清器clａrifier 分级器ｃlａsｓｉfiｅｒ浮洗器ｆｌｏccuｌatoｒ废液池sump 喷射器 ejector 喷头sprayｅr 成套设备 packａge uｎiｔ仪器设备 appａratus 附属设备 accｅｓsory 旋转式压缩机rｏtａrｙｃompr ｅｓｓor 往复式压缩机rｅcｉproｃatinｇ compｒessor 水环式压缩机nａｓｈcoｍｐｒessｏr 螺杆式压缩机hｅｌical sｃrew comｐreｓsor 离心式压缩机cｅntrifuｇａｌｃｏｍpresｓor 多级压缩机 mutipｌe ｓtａgeｓ compresｓor 固定床反应器 fixed ｂｅd ｒeacｔｏr 流化床反应器 fｌuidizｅｄ bed reａctor 管式反应器ｔubular reacｔｏr 列管式换热器 tｕbulａr ｈeat eｘchanger 螺旋板式换热器spiral pｌate ｈeat eｘｃhａｎgeｒ萃取塔 exｔｒaｃｔｉon coｌumｎ板式塔plate ｃolumn 填料塔packed cｏlumｎ洗涤塔sｃrubber 吸收塔 absorｂer 冷却塔cｏolinｇtowｅｒ精馏塔fractｉonaｔinｇ toweｒ汽提塔ｓtripper 再生塔ｒeｇeneratｏｒ造粒塔ｐrｉlｌ toｗer 塔附件 tｏwer ａcｃessoriｅs 液体分配（布)器 liｑuiｄｄistributor 填料支持板sｕｐpｏrt pｌatｅ定距管 spａcer 降液管ｄownｃoｍer 升气管 chimnｅy 顶（底）层塔盘 tｏp (boｔｔom) traｙ挡板ｂａfflｅ抽出口 draw nozｚle 溢流堰ｗeir 泡罩 bubblｅ cａp 筛板 sieve ｐlａｔｅ浮阀 float valｖe 除沫器 dｅｍiｓｔer pad 塔裙座 skirt 椭圆封头 elｌｉptical heaｄ高位槽 heaｄｔank 中间槽iｎｔermediaｔe ｔaｎk 加料槽feｅｄtank 补给槽ｍake-ｕp tanｋ计量槽 measuriｎg tａｎｋ电解槽 celｌ溜槽 chut ｅ收集槽 collecｔing taｎk 液滴分离器 knｏcｋout ｄrum 稀释罐 tｈｉｎｎing tank 缓冲罐 sｕｒｇｅ drum 回流罐ｒeｆlux druｍ闪蒸罐ｆlaｓh ｄruｍ浮顶罐floating rooｆtanｋ内浮顶罐ｃovereｄ flｏatinｇｒoof tａnk 球罐 spheroi ｄ气柜gａs hoｌder 湿式气柜 wet gas-hoｌder 干式气柜 dry gaｓ-holdｅr 螺旋式气柜 heｌical ｇaｓ-hｏlder 星型放料器,旋转阀 rｏｔaｒy valvｅ抽滤器mutche filter 压滤器 filteｒ press 压滤机 pｒｅsｓure filter 板框压滤器plａｔe-ａnd-fram filter ｐreｓs 转鼓过滤器ｒotaｒy druｍfilter 带式过滤器 belt ｆilｔeｒ翻盘式过滤器袋滤器bag ｆｉltｅr 旋风分离器 cyｃｌoｎｅ seｐａratｏr 盘式干燥箱cｏmpaｒtment tray drier 真空干燥器vaｃuum drieｒ隧道式干燥器tunｎel ｄrier 回转干燥器 roｔａｒy drｉer 穿流循环干燥器 tｈroｕgｈ circｕlａtion drｉer 喷雾干燥器ｓpray ｄｒiｅｒ气流干燥器pneumaｔｉc cｏnveyｏｒ dr ｉｅr 圆盘式加料器ｄish feｅdeｒ螺旋式加料器ｓcrew feｅder 颚式破碎机 jａw cｒusheｒ回转破碎机gyraｔorｙcrｕsher 滚洞破碎机 roｌl ｃrｕsheｒ锤式破碎机hａmmer ｃｒuｓheｒ冲击破碎机ｒotor ｉmpａcｔｂｒeaker 气流喷射粉碎机ｊｅt pulveriｚｅr 棍磨机 rod mｉll 雷蒙机 rayｍonｄｍill 锤磨机 hammｅr mill 辊磨机 roller milｌ振动筛vｉbｒａｔｉng scrｅeｎ回转筛 rotary sｃｒee ｎ风机faｎ罗茨鼓风机起重机桥式起重机电动葫芦发电机电动机汽轮机ｒoot＇s blower crａｎe ｂridge ｃrａne ｍotor hoｉst geｎｅrａtｏr motor steam ｔu ｒｂｉｎe五、管道工程piｐiｎｇengiｎｅering1 阀门ｖalve阀杆stem 内螺纹阀杆insiｄe ｓcｒｅw 阀座vaｌve sｅａt (body seaｔ）阀座环、密封圈 sealing riｎｇ阀芯(包括密封圈,杆等）ｔriｍ阀盘ｄisc 阀体 bｏdy 阀盖 bonnet 手轮 hanｄ wheel 手柄 hand levｅl (handle) 压盖 gｌａnd 闸阀ｇate valｖｅ平行双闸板 dｏｕble disc paｒａｌlel ｓeat 楔形单闸板ｓpｌiｔwedｇｅ截止阀ｇlobe ｖalve 节流阀 tｈrｏttle valｖe 针阀 nｅedle vａlve 角阀(角式截止阀) anglｅ valve Ｙ型阀（截止阀）Ｙ-ｖalve(Y-bｏdy gｌobe valve) 球阀 balｌ valve 三通球阀３-wａy bａｌl ｖalｖe 蝶阀ｂutｔerfly ｖalve 对夹式(薄片型) wafｅr ｔyｐe 偏心阀板蝶阀 offset diｓc (eccｅnｔrｉc) ｂｕtterfly valve 斜阀盘蝶阀 cａnted disc butｔｅｒfly valvｅ连杆式蝶阀ｌiｎｋｂutterf ｌy valｖｅ止回式蝶阀ｃombined nｏn-reｔurn ｂuttｅｒfly valve 柱塞阀ｐiston type ｖalve 旋塞阀 pluｇ valve 三通旋塞阀 threｅ-ｗａy ｐｌug valve 四通旋塞阀 fouｒ-wａy plｕg vａlve 旋塞 cock 衬套旋塞 slｅeve cocｋ隔膜阀diaphragm ｖalve 橡胶衬里隔膜阀 rubber lined diaphｒagｍ valve 直通式隔膜阀ｓt ｒaiｇｈｔway diaphragｍ valve 夹紧式胶管阀ｐinch vａlｖe 止回阀cheｃk ｖalve 升降式止回阀 liｆｔｃheck vａlve 旋启式止回阀 swinｇｃｈeck ｖaｌve 落球式止回阀 ball ｃheck ｖalｖe 弹簧球式止回阀 spring bａll chｅｃk valve 底阀 fｏot valvｅ切断式止回阀stｏｐ cheｃk valve 活塞式止回阀pisｔon chｅｃk ｖalve 翻板止回阀 flａｐ cheｃk valｖe 蝶式止回阀 buttｅｒfly cheｃｋ vａlve 安全泄气阀saｆety[SV］安全泄放阀 reｌief vａlve[RV] 安全泄压阀 safeｔｙｒeｌief vａlve 杠杆重锤式 lever and ｗeiｇhｔｔｙpe 罐底排污阀 flｕsh－bot ｔom tank vａlve 波纹管密封阀ｂeｌｌow sealｅｄvalｖe 电磁阀soｌeｎｏid (operａteｄ) vａｌve 电动阀ｅlectrically（electric－mｏｔor)operａｔｅd valve 气动阀ｐnｅｕmatiｃoperated valve 低温用阀 cryogenic ｓerｖicｅｖalve 蒸汽疏水阀 steam trap 机械式疏水阀 mｅchａniｃal traｐ浮桶式疏水阀 open （top) buckｅt trａｐ浮球式疏水阀float trａp 倒吊桶式疏水阀 inverted bｕckｅt ｔra ｐ自由浮球式疏水阀ｌｏose float ｔｒap 恒温式疏水阀 thｅrmostａtiｃ trａp 压力平衡式恒温疏水阀 bａlanced pｒesｓure thermｏsｔatic tｒap 热动力式疏水阀 the ｒmodynamic tｒａp 脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀imｐulse steａm tｒap 放汽阀(自动放汽阀）(ａｕｔｏmａtic) aｉｒ vｅｎt ｖalve 换向阀ｄiｖerｔiｎg (rｅｖeｒｓing）ｖａlve 呼吸阀 breather ｖalve 减压阀 pｒeｓsurｅreducinｇ vａlve 控制阀 cｏntｒol vaｌvｅ执行机构 actuatｏｒ差压调节阀difｆerenｔial ｐrｅｓsurereguｌatｉnｇ valｖe 切断阀 block (sｈut-ofｆ, stｏp) ｖalve 调节阀regulａting vaｌve 快开阀 quiｃk openinｇ vａlve 快闭阀ｑｕick cloｓing valvｅ隔断阀isoｌatiｎg valvｅ三通阀thrｅe ｗａy valｖe 夹套阀 jａcketｅd valve 非旋转式阀 non-ｒoｔａry valve2 管子,管件,法兰管子 pipe(按标准制造的配管用管） tubｅ(不按标准规格制造的其它用管) 钢管steel ｐｉpe 铸铁管 cast iron pｉpｅ衬里管 lｉned pipe 复合管cｌad ｐiｐe 碳钢管carbon steel[Ｃ.Ｓ.]ｐipe 合金钢管alloy sｔeeｌ pｉpｅ不锈钢管sｔａinlｅs ｓ sｔｅeｌ[S.S.]pｉpｅ奥氏体不锈钢管 aｕｓteｎitic staｉnleｓs steel piｐe 铁合金钢管 fｅrrｉtｉｃ alloy stｅｅl pipｅ轧制钢管 wrouｇhｔ－ｓteel ｐipe 锻铁管 wrought-ｉron pipe 无缝钢管seａmｌｅss[ＳＭLS] steeｌ piｐe 焊接钢管ｗelded ｓteｅl pipe 电阻焊钢管 electrｉc－reｓｉsｔance-welｄed ｓｔｅel pipe 电熔(弧）焊钢板卷管 eleｃtric-ｆｕsiｏn(arc)-wｅldeｄｓtｅeｌ-pｌate pipe 螺旋焊接钢管ｓｐiral wｅｌded stｅel pｉpe 镀锌钢管ｇalvanized ｓteｅl pipe 排污阀ｂlowdｏwn valｖe 集液排放阀dｒiｐｖａlvｅ排液阀dｒａｉn valve 放空阀 v ｅnｔ valｖｅ卸载阀uｎloａding vａlve 排出阀ｄisｃhａｒｇe vaｌvｅ吸入阀suction valvｅ取样阀sampｌiｎg ｖaｌvｅ手动阀 haｎd opeｒated(manualｌy－operated) vaｌve (水)龙头ｂibb;bｉb；ｆaucｅt 抽出液阀(小阀) blｅed vaｌｖｅ旁路阀bｙ-pass valvｅ软管阀hoｓe vaｌvｅ混合阀miｘing ｖalvｅ破真空阀vacｕuｍ bｒeaker 冲洗阀ｆｌush valvｅ根部阀ｒoot （priｍaｒｙ，header) valve 水煤气钢管wateｒ－gas sｔｅｅl pipｅ塑料管plastic ｐipｅ玻璃管ｇｌass tuｂｅ橡胶管ｒubbｅr tuｂe 壁厚 wａll thiｃkness[ＷT] 壁厚系列号 scｈｅdule numbｅr[ＳCH.NO．] 加厚的,加强的 eｘtra heavy (strong) 双倍加厚的,双倍加强的ｄｏuble extra heavy (strong) 弯头 elbow 异径弯头 reducｉｎg elbow 长半径弯头 long radｉus elbow 短半径弯头 sｈort radｉuｓｅlbow 长半径 1８0°弯头ｌoｎg ｒaｄius rｅturn 短半径 180°弯头 shｏrt radｉus returｎ三通 tee 异径三通ｒeｄuciｎg ｔee 等径三通 strａight teｅ带支座三通 bａse ｔee 45°斜三通４5°lateraｌ trｕｅ"Y" Y 型三通四通ｃｒoss 异径管 rｅdｕcer 同心异径管concentric ｒedｕcer 偏心异径管 eｃｃｅｎtric reducｅr 管接头couｐｌiｎg;ｆulｌcouplｉｎｇ活接头ｕniｏn 短管 niｐplｅ预制弯管 fabｒiｃateｄ pipe ｂeｎd U 型弯管 "Ｕ"bend 法兰端flangｅｄ enｄ万向接头 uniｖersaｌ jｏint 对焊的 bｕtt ｗelded[BW］螺纹的 tｈｒeadeｄ[ＴＨD] 承插焊的 sｏcｋet ｗelｄeｄ[S Ｗ] 法兰 fｌaｎｇe［FLＧ] 整体管法兰ｉntegｒal piｐｅflangｅ钢管法兰 steel pｉpe ｆlａnge 螺纹法兰 tｈreadｅd flange 滑套法兰sliｐ-on flange 平焊法兰slip-on-weldiｎg flange 承插焊法兰socket ｗeldinｇflａngｅ松套法兰ｌａｐjoint fｌaｎge[LJF］对焊法兰weld neck flange[WNF］法兰盖 blinｄflａngｅ；bｌind 异径法兰 reｄuｃing fｌaｎge 压力级 pressure ｒatｉｎg（claｓs) 突面r ａiseｄｆace[RF] 凸面 male ｆace 凹面femａle fａce 全平面;满平面ｆlat faｃe；fｕｌl faｃe[FＦ］3．管道特殊件pｉping sｐecｉaliｔy粗滤器ｓｔｒａinｅr 过滤器 filter 临时过滤器ｔｅmｐoraｒy sｔrａiner(ｃonｅtypｅ) Ｙ型过滤器Y-ｔｙpe strａｉnｅｒT 型过滤器 T-tｙpe stｒainer 永久过滤器 permａnent ｆilｔer 洗眼器及淋浴器eye wａsｈer and shoｗer 视镜 siｇｈt glasｓ阻火器 fｌame arrｅster 喷咀;喷头spray nozzle 喷射器ｅjｅctor 取样冷却器 saｍｐle cooler 消音器 silencer 膨胀节expanｓｉon joｉｎt 波纹膨胀节b ｅlｌow 补偿器 cｏmpenｓaｔor 软管接头 hosｅｃonｎｅctioｎ［HＣ］快速接头 q ｕick coｕｐliｎｇ金属软管 metal hose 橡胶管 rubｂer hose 挠性管 flexｉbｌe ｔube 特殊法兰 speｃial flanｇe 漏斗fuｎnel ８字盲板 spｅctacｌe (figure ８) blind 爆破板 rｕpturｅdiｓk４,其它材料碳素钢 cａrbon steel [C．S.]不锈钢stａinlｅｓs sｔｅeｌ[S.S．] 铸铁ｃａsｔ i ｒoｎ［Ｃ.I.] 铝ａlumｉnｕm 铜,紫铜coｐper 钛ｔｉtａniuｍ抗拉强度ｔｅｎs ｉｌe strengtｈ非金属材料nｏn-mｅtaｌlic matｅriaｌ塑料 plastic 陶瓷 cera ｍic 搪瓷ｐorｃelain ｅnameｌ玻璃 gｌaｓs 橡胶ruｂｂer 垫片ｇaskeｔ[GSＫT］平垫片 flat gasket 填料ｐaｃkinｇ型钢 shａped steｅｌ角钢ａngle steel 槽钢ｃhannel 工字钢 I－beam 宽缘工字钢或 H 钢 wｉｄe flaｎｇed ｂeam 扁钢 f ｌａt bar 圆钢ｒｏuｎd stｅel; rod 钢带 straｐ stｅel 网络钢板ｃheｃkered pla ｔe 材料表ｂill of ｍatｅriａｌ[BOM] 材料统计 material ｔake－off[ＭTO] 散装材料bulｋｍaterial 综合管道材料表ｃonｓolｉｄaｔed piｐｉｎｇmａterial suｍmａry ｓｈeeｔ[CPMSS] 汇总表 suｍｍary ｓheeｔ5.设备布置及管道设计中心线 centeｒlｉne 装置边界ｂoｕndary limit[BＬ] 区界 area ｌiｍiｔ设备布置eｑuiｐment arｒanｇｅment (layout)；plｏt ｐlan 标高，立面 elevａtioｎ［ＥＬ] 支撑点 poｉｎt oｆ supporｔ[ＰOＳ] 工厂北向 plａnt north 方位ｏｒienｔa ｔiｏｎ危险区 hazａrｄｏuｓ area ｃlassifｉcation 净正吸入压头ｎet pｏsitive sｕctｉｏn ｈeaｄ绝对标高ａbsolute eｌｅvation 坐标ｃooｒdｉｎａt ｅ管道研究 pipｉnｇ study 管道布置平面 pｉpｉng aｒrａngｅment pｌan[ＰAP] 管道布置 piping ａssembｌｙ; layouｔ详图ｄetａil "Ｘ"视图ｖiew "Ｘ" ＂A-A" 剖视 seｃtioｎ "A－Ａ" 轴测图 isomｅtric ｄrawiｎg 索引图 keｙ plａn 管道及仪表流程图 pｉｐing and iｎｓtrｕｍent diaｇram[P&ID] 管口表liｓt of nozzles 地上管道 above grｏｕnd ｐiping 地下管道 under gｒouｎd pipiｎg 管线号line ｎumbeｒ总管 heａder; manｉfｏlｄ旁路 bｙpａss 常开 normally oｐen 常闭 noｒmally closeｄ取样接口ｓampｌing conｎection 伴热管 trａcｉng pipe 蒸汽伴热ｓteam tracing 热水伴热ｈｏt-water tｒａｃｉｎg 电伴热 elｅctｒicａl tracing 夹套管jacketeｄ linｅ全夹套管 full jaｃkeｔｅd 比例 scaｌe 图 fiｇurｅ草图sｋetch 图例 legeｎd 符号 sｙｍbol 件号ｐart ｎ。

化学专业课程中英文对照普通化学General Chemistry分析化学Analytical Chemistry有机化学Organic Chemistry物理化学Physical Chemistry谱学导论Introducton of Spectroscopy无机化学Inorganic Chemistry普通化学和分析化学实验Experiments of General and Analytical Chemistry现在基础化学The Principle of Mordern Chemistry现在基础化学实验Experiments of Modern Fundamental Chemistry有机化学实验Experiments of Organic Chemistry仪器分析和物理化学实验Experiments of Instrumental Analysis and PhysicalChemistry 合成化学实验Experiments of Synthetic Chemistry现代化学专题Topic of Modern Chemistry化学综合实验Experiments of Comprehensive Chemistry化工原理Principle of Chemical Engineering化工原理实验Experiments of Chemical Engineering应用化学实验Experiments of Applied Chemistry无机合成化学Synthetic Inorganic Chemistry近代分析化学Modern Analytical Chemistry分离分析化学Separation Analytical Chemistry有机化合物波谱鉴定Spectrum Identification of Organic Compounds有机合成及反应机理Organic Synthesis and Mechanics化学进展Progress in Chemistry化学反应工程Chemical Reaction Engineering应用电化学Applied Electrochemistry工业催化Industrial Catalysis环境化学Environmental Chemistry环境监测Environmental Monitoring化学科技英语Scientific English for Chemistry数理方法在化学中的应用Mathematical Statistics for Chemistry化工制图Chemical Engineering Cartography计算机与化学测量实验Computer and Chemical Measurement化学信息学Chemoinformatics or Chemical Informatics应用化学专题Special Topics in Applied Chemistry化工装置常用词汇1概论introduction方案(建议书) proposal可行性研究feasibility study方案设计concept design工艺设计process design基础设计basic design详细设计detail design开工会议kick-off meeting审核会议review meeting外商投资foreign investment中外合资joint venture中外合营joint venture补偿贸易compensation trade合同合同附件contract卖方vendor买方buyer顾客client承包商contractor工程公司company供应范围scope of supply生产范围production scope生产能力production capacity项目project界区battery limit装置plant公用工程utilities工艺流程图process flow diagram工艺流程方块图process block diagram管道及仪表流程图piping and instrument drawing 物料及热量平衡图mass & heat balance diagram 蒸汽及冷凝水平衡图steam & condensate balancediagram设备布置图equipment layout设备表equipment list成品(产品) product(final product)副产品by-product原料raw-material设计基础数据basic data for design技术数据technical data数据表data sheet设计文件design document设计规定design regulation现场服务site service项目变更project change用户变更client change消耗定额consumption quota 技术转让technical transfer技术知识technical know-how牋牋牋牋technical knowledge技术保证technical guarantee咨询服务consultative services技术服务technical services工作地点location施工现场construction field报价quotation标书bidding book公司利润company profit固定价合同fixed price contract固定单价合同fixed unit price contract成本加酬金合同cost plus award fee contract定金mobilization银行保证书bank guarantee letter保留金retention所得税income taxes特别承包人税special contractor's taxes城市和市政税city and municipal taxes工作手册work manual工作流程图work flow diagram质量保证程序QA/QC procedures采购计划procurement plan施工计划construction plan施工进度construction schedule项目实施计划project execution plan项目协调程序project coordination procedure 项目总进度计划project master schedule设计网络计划engineering network logic项目质量保证project quality assurance项目质量控制project quality control采购procurement采购周期procurement period会签the squad check计算书calculation sheets询价inquiry检验inspection运输transportation开车start up / commission验收inspection & acceptance校核check审核review审定approve版次version部门department专业specialty项目号project number图号drawing number目录contents序言foreword章chapter节section项item领料单MR material requisition工程规范SPEC engineering specification技术表DATA SHEET technical data sheet技术评标TBA technical bid analysis初期设计包PDP preliminary design package项目经理PM project manager专业负责人LDE lead discipline engineer材料询价单MRQ Material requisition forquotation材料采购单MRP material requisition for purchase 基础工程设计包BEP basic engineering package管道及仪表流程图P&ID piping and instrument drawing(diagram)PFD process flow diagramNNF normally no flowFO failure openFC failure closeC/S/A civil/structure/architectureDDP详细设计阶段detail design phase化工装置词汇二.工艺流程连续过程continuous process间歇过程batch process工艺叙述process description工艺特点process feature操作operation反应reaction副反应side reaction絮凝flocculation浮洗flotation倾析decantation催化反应catalytical reaction萃取extraction中和neutralization水解hydrolysis过滤filtration干燥drying还原reduction氧化oxidation氢化hydrogenation分解decomposition离解dissociation 合成synthetics吸收absorption吸附adsorption解吸desorption结晶crystallization 溶解solution调节modulate控制control悬浮suspension循环circulation再生regeneration再活化reactivation沥取leaching破碎crushing煅烧caloination沉降sedimentation 沉淀precipitation气化gasification冷冻refrigeration固化,结晶solidification包装package升华sublimation燃烧combustion引烧ignition蒸馏distillation碳化carbonization 压缩compression三,化学物质及特性固体solid液体liquid气体gas化合物compound混合物mixture粉powder片状粉末flake小粒granule结晶crystal乳化物emulsion氧化物oxidizing agent 还原剂reducing agent 有机物organic material 真空vacuum母液master liquor富液rich liquor贫液lean liquor萃出物extract萃余物raffinate絮凝剂flocculants冷冻盐水brine酸度acidity浓度concentration碱度alkalinity溶解度solubility凝固点solidificalion point沸点boiling point熔点melting point蒸发率evaporation rate粘度viscosity吸水的water absorbent(a)无水的anhydrous(a)外观appearance无色的colorless(a)透明的transparent(a)半透明的translucent密度density比重specific gravity催化剂catalyst燃烧combustion引燃ignition自然点self-ignition temperature可燃气体combustible gas可燃液体inflammable liquid易燃液体volatile liquid爆炸混合物explosive mixture爆炸性环境explosive atmosphere(environment) 爆炸极限explosive concentration limit 废水waste water废液waste liquid废气off-gas噪声noise pollution成分composition挠度deflection力和力矩force and moment弯矩bending moment应力-应变曲线stress-strain diagram百分比percentage环境温度ambient temperature工作温度operating设计温度design temperature(pressure) 相对湿度RH=relative humidity油渣,淤泥sludge杂质impurity四,化工设备泵pump轴流泵axial flow pump真空泵vacuum pump屏蔽泵canned pump柱塞泵plunger pump 涡轮泵turbine pump涡流泵vortex pump离心泵centrifugal pump喷射泵jet pump转子泵rotary pump管道泵inline pump双作用往复泵double action reciprocating pump计量泵metering pump深井泵deep well pump齿轮泵gear pump手摇泵hand(wobble) pump螺杆泵screw (spiral) pump潜水泵submersible pump斜转子泵inclined rotor pump封闭式电磁泵hermetically sealed magnetic drive pump气升泵air-lift-pump轴承bearing叶轮impeller虹吸管siphon高压容器high pressure vessel焚化炉incinerator火焰清除器flame arrester工业炉furnace烧嘴burner锅炉boiler回转窑rotary kiln加热器heater电加热器electric heater冷却器cooler冷凝器condenser换热器heat exchanger反应器reactor蒸馏釜still搅拌器agitator混合器mixer静态混合器static mixers管道混合器line mixers混合槽mixing tanks破碎机crusher磨碎机grinder研磨机pulverizer球磨机ballmill过滤器filter分离器separator干燥器drier翅片fins烟囱stack火炬flare筛子screen煅烧窑calciner倾析器decanter蒸发器evaporator再沸器reboiler萃取器extractor离心机centrifuger吸附(收)器adsorber结晶器crystallizer电解槽electrolyzer电除尘器electric precipitator洗涤器scrubber消石灰器slaker料仓bin料斗hopper加料器feeder增稠器thickener澄清器clarifier分级器classifier浮洗器flocculator废液池sump喷射器ejector喷头sprayer成套设备package unit仪器设备apparatus附属设备accessory旋转式压缩机rotary compressor往复式压缩机reciprocating compressor 水环式压缩机nash compressor螺杆式压缩机helical screw compressor 离心式压缩机centrifugal compressor多级压缩机mutiple stages compressor 固定床反应器fixed bed reactor流化床反应器fluidized bed reactor管式反应器tubular reactor列管式换热器tubular heat exchanger螺旋板式换热器spiral plate heat exchanger 萃取塔extraction column板式塔plate column填料塔packed column洗涤塔scrubber吸收塔absorber冷却塔cooling tower精馏塔fractionating tower汽提塔stripper再生塔regenerator造粒塔prill tower塔附件tower accessories 液体分配(布)器liquid distributor填料支持板support plate定距管spacer降液管downcomer升气管chimney顶(底)层塔盘top (bottom) tray挡板baffle抽出口draw nozzle溢流堰weir泡罩bubble cap筛板sieve plate浮阀float valve除沫器demister pad塔裙座skirt椭圆封头elliptical head高位槽head tank中间槽intermediate tank加料槽feed tank补给槽make-up tank计量槽measuring tank电解槽cell溜槽chute收集槽collecting tank液滴分离器knockout drum稀释罐thinning tank缓冲罐surge drum回流罐reflux drum闪蒸罐flash drum浮顶罐floating roof tank内浮顶罐covered floating roof tank 球罐spheroid气柜gas holder湿式气柜wet gas-holder干式气柜dry gas-holder螺旋式气柜helical gas-holder星型放料器,旋转阀rotary valve抽滤器mutche filter压滤器filter press压滤机pressure filter板框压滤器plate-and-fram filter press 转鼓过滤器rotary drum filter带式过滤器belt filter翻盘式过滤器袋滤器bag filter旋风分离器cyclone separator盘式干燥箱compartment tray drier真空干燥器vacuum drier隧道式干燥器tunnel drier回转干燥器rotary drier穿流循环干燥器through circulation drier喷雾干燥器spray drier气流干燥器pneumatic conveyor drier圆盘式加料器dish feeder螺旋式加料器screw feeder颚式破碎机jaw crusher回转破碎机gyratory crusher滚洞破碎机roll crusher锤式破碎机hammer crusher冲击破碎机rotor impact breaker气流喷射粉碎机jet pulverizer棍磨机rod mill雷蒙机raymond mill锤磨机hammer mill辊磨机roller mill振动筛vibrating screen回转筛rotary screen风机fan罗茨鼓风机root's blower起重机crane桥式起重机bridge crane电动葫芦motor hoist发电机generator电动机motor汽轮机steam turbine五,管道工程piping engineering阀门valve阀杆stem内螺纹阀杆inside screw阀座valve seat (body seat)阀座环,密封圈sealing ring阀芯(包括密封圈,杆等)trim阀盘disc阀体body阀盖bonnet手轮hand wheel手柄hand level (handle)压盖gland闸阀gate valve平行双闸板double disc parallel seat楔形单闸板split wedge截止阀globe valve节流阀throttle valve针阀needle valve角阀(角式截止阀) angle valve Y型阀(截止阀) Y-valve(Y-body globe valve) 球阀ball valve三通球阀3-way ball valve蝶阀butterfly valve 对夹式(薄片型) wafer type偏心阀板蝶阀offset disc (eccentric) butterfly valve斜阀盘蝶阀canted disc butterfly valve连杆式蝶阀link butterfly valve止回式蝶阀combined non-return butterfly valve柱塞阀piston type valve旋塞阀plug valve三通旋塞阀three-way plug valve四通旋塞阀four-way plug valve旋塞cock衬套旋塞sleeve cock隔膜阀diaphragm valve橡胶衬里隔膜阀rubber lined diaphragm valve 直通式隔膜阀straight way diaphragm valve 夹紧式胶管阀pinch valve止回阀check valve升降式止回阀lift check valve旋启式止回阀swing check valve落球式止回阀ball check valve弹簧球式止回阀spring ball check valve底阀foot valve切断式止回阀stop check valve活塞式止回阀piston check valve翻板止回阀flap check valve蝶式止回阀butterfly check valve安全泄气阀safety[SV]安全泄放阀relief valve[RV]安全泄压阀safety relief valve杠杆重锤式lever and weight type罐底排污阀flush-bottom tank valve波纹管密封阀bellow sealed valve电磁阀solenoid (operated) valve电动阀electrically(electric-motor)operated valve气动阀pneumatic operated valve低温用阀cryogenic service valve蒸汽疏水阀steam trap机械式疏水阀mechanical trap浮桶式疏水阀open (top) bucket trap浮球式疏水阀float trap倒吊桶式疏水阀inverted bucket trap自由浮球式疏水阀loose float trap恒温式疏水阀thermostatic trap压力平衡式恒温疏水阀balanced pressure thermostatic trap热动力式疏水阀thermodynamic trap脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀impulse steam trap放汽阀(自动放汽阀) (automatic) air vent valve换向阀diverting (reversing) valve呼吸阀breather valve减压阀pressure reducing valve控制阀control valve执行机构actuator差压调节阀differential pressure regulating valve切断阀block (shut-off, stop) valve调节阀regulating valve快开阀quick opening valve快闭阀quick closing valve隔断阀isolating valve三通阀three way valve夹套阀jacketed valve非旋转式阀non-rotary valve2管子,管件,法兰管子pipe(按标准制造的配管用管) tube(不按标准规格制造的其它用管)钢管steel pipe铸铁管cast iron pipe衬里管lined pipe复合管clad pipe碳钢管carbon steel[C.S.]pipe合金钢管alloy steel pipe不锈钢管stainless steel[S.S.]pipe奥氏体不锈钢管austenitic stainless steel pipe铁合金钢管ferritic alloy steel pipe轧制钢管wrought-steel pipe锻铁管wrought-iron pipe无缝钢管seamless[SMLS] steel pipe焊接钢管welded steel pipe电阻焊钢管electric-resistance-welded steel pipe电熔(弧)焊钢板卷管electric-fusion(arc)-welded steel-plate pipe螺旋焊接钢管spiral welded steel pipe镀锌钢管galvanized steel pipe排污阀blowdown valve集液排放阀drip valve排液阀drain valve放空阀vent valve卸载阀unloading valve排出阀discharge valve吸入阀suction valve取样阀sampling valve手动阀hand operated(manually-operated) valve(水)龙头bibb;bib;faucet 抽出液阀(小阀) bleed valve旁路阀by-pass valve软管阀hose valve混合阀mixing valve破真空阀vacuum breaker冲洗阀flush valve根部阀root (primary, header) valve 水煤气钢管water-gas steel pipe塑料管plastic pipe玻璃管glass tube橡胶管rubber tube壁厚wall thickness[WT]壁厚系列号schedule number[SCH.NO.] 加厚的,加强的extra heavy (strong)双倍加厚的,双倍加强的double extra heavy (strong) 弯头elbow异径弯头reducing elbow长半径弯头long radius elbow短半径弯头short radius elbow长半径180°弯头long radius return短半径180°弯头short radius return三通tee异径三通reducing tee等径三通straight tee带支座三通base tee 45°斜三通45°lateralY 型三通true"Y"四通cross异径管reducer同心异径管concentric reducer偏心异径管eccentric reducer管接头coupling;full coupling活接头union短管nipple预制弯管fabricated pipe bendU型弯管"U"bend法兰端flanged end万向接头universal joint对焊的butt welded[BW]螺纹的threaded[THD]承插焊的socket welded[SW]法兰flange[FLG]整体管法兰integral pipe flange钢管法兰steel pipe flange螺纹法兰threaded flange滑套法兰slip-on flange平焊法兰slip-on-welding flange承插焊法兰socket welding flange松套法兰lap joint flange[LJF]对焊法兰weld neck flange[WNF]法兰盖blind flange;blind异径法兰reducing flange压力级pressure rating(class)突面raised face[RF]凸面male face凹面female face全平面;满平面flat face;full face[FF]3.管道特殊件piping speciality粗滤器strainer过滤器filter临时过滤器temporary strainer(cone type) Y 型过滤器Y-type strainerT 型过滤器T-type strainer永久过滤器permanent filter洗眼器及淋浴器eye washer and shower视镜sight glass阻火器flame arrester喷咀;喷头spray nozzle喷射器ejector取样冷却器sample cooler消音器silencer膨胀节expansion joint波纹膨胀节bellow补偿器compensator软管接头hose connection[HC]快速接头quick coupling金属软管metal hose橡胶管rubber hose挠性管flexible tube特殊法兰special flange漏斗funnel8 字盲板spectacle (figure 8) blind爆破板rupture disk4,其它材料碳素钢carbon steel [C.S.]不锈钢stainless steel[S.S.]铸铁cast iron[C.I.]铝aluminum铜,紫铜copper钛titanium抗拉强度tensile strength非金属材料non-metallic material塑料plastic陶瓷ceramic搪瓷porcelain enamel玻璃glass橡胶rubber垫片gasket[GSKT] 平垫片flat gasket填料packing型钢shaped steel角钢angle steel槽钢channel工字钢I-beam宽缘工字钢或H 钢wide flanged beam扁钢flat bar圆钢round steel; rod钢带strap steel网络钢板checkered plate材料表bill of material[BOM]材料统计material take-off[MTO]散装材料bulk material综合管道材料表consolidated piping material summary sheet[CPMSS]汇总表summary sheet5.设备布置及管道设计中心线center line装置边界boundary limit[BL]区界area limit设备布置equipment arrangement (layout);plot plan标高,立面elevation[EL]支撑点point of support[POS]工厂北向plant north方位orientation危险区hazardous area classification净正吸入压头net positive suction head绝对标高absolute elevation坐标coordinate管道研究piping study管道布置平面piping arrangement plan[PAP] 管道布置piping assembly; layout详图detail"X"视图view "X""A-A" 剖视section "A-A"轴测图isometric drawing索引图key plan管道及仪表流程图piping and instrumentdiagram[P&ID]管口表list of nozzles地上管道above ground piping地下管道under ground piping管线号line number总管header; manifold旁路by pass常开normally open常闭normally closed取样接口sampling connection 伴热管tracing pipe蒸汽伴热steam tracing热水伴热hot-water tracing电伴热electrical tracing夹套管jacketed line全夹套管full jacketed比例scale图figure草图sketch图例legend符号symbol件号part no。

AIRTAME 2TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONSProduct introductionThe Airtame 2is a digital signage and wireless presentation device designed for all kinds of professional environments.Its ease of use and management makes it ideal for schools,offices and enterprises that value reliability and flexible functionality.On the Airtame 2,there’s a Kensington lock slot that can be used to physically secure the product. Airtame 2is powered through a 2.3A USB power adaptor (or our Airtame PoE Adapter accessory)and mounted to the wall with a powerful magnet and permanent adhesive -or simply by sticking the powerful magnetic onto any ferrous metal frame.With solid security protocols,central cloud management and several clever signage purposes,Airtame 2 is the simplest and smartest way to present wirelessly.Device specificationsModel No. AT-DG2IncludedAirtame 2, Aircord, Airtame 2 Power Supply Unit w/ adapters*, Airtame 2 Safety manual, Airtame 2 User Manual*Adapters are region-dependantPackage Dimensions 12.5 X 18.5 X 6.5 cm (4.9x7.3x 2.6in) Package Weight 400gHardwareProcessor: NXP Dual Core+ 1 GHz ARM (i.MX6DP) GPU: Vivante GC2000, four shader cores @594 MHz RAM: 2 GB (4 x 512MB, 64 bit Data Bus) Storage: eMMCWiFi: Cypress (Broadcom) CYW89342 RSDB** 2.4/5.2 GHz 2x2 MIMO*Real Simultaneous Dual BandSystemAirtame OS based on LinuxScreen connections HDMI 1.4b / VGA* / DVI* *With external adapter Output resolutions 1920 x 1080 (up to 60 Hz progressive mode)1280 x 720 (up to 60 Hz)Audio Stereo 192Kb (48.000 Hz)Frame rate Up to 60 fps @ 1080pInput resolutions Up to 4K* *Scaled to Full-HD Wireless IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n/ac WPA2-PSK/WPA2-EAP/OpenSupported Channels STA (client) mode Mode[B/G] Channels: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11Mode[A] Channels: 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 100 104 108 112 116 120 124 128 132 136 140 144 149 153 157 161 165Supported Channels AP mode Mode[B/G] Channels: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11Mode[A] Channels: 36 40 44 48 149 153 157 161 165* DFS channels notavailable in AP modeMax theoretical speed 2.4 GHz: 150 Mbps5.2 GHz: 866.7 MbpsWireless reach 20 m* (60 ft) *Dependant onenvironmentProduct Dimensions Ø: 77.90 mm (3.07 inch)H: 13.50 mm (0.53 inch)Lock Kensington Lock SlotConnections 1 x USB-C (Power, HDMI, USB Host, Ethernet)**1 x Micro USB OTG port (Ethernet*) *Ethernet to micro-USB adaptor sold separately **Airtame2 is designed to work with PoE (Airtame custom PoE to USB Adaptor)Power consumption Expected: 0.7 - 1 A @ 5 V*= 3.5-5WMax: 2.4 A @ 5 V** =12W *Using USB Ethernet Adaptor adds 0.2 A **0.25 A @ 48 V when using PoEAmbient operatingtemperature5 to 30°C (41 to 86°F) Storage Temperature -20 to 70° C (-4 to 140°F)Operating Humidity 20 to 90%RH Non-condensingDevice identifier Serial number and MAC address - Visible on device andpackagingNIC-ID (MAC address) 1 MAC address - Visible online, visible on device, visibleon packagingGenerated September 2019Warranty Limited min. 1 year* standard *May vary depending onregionCompliance General*: RoHS, FCC, CE, ISED, RCMAircord: UL approved materialMain box:FSC *Airtame is constantly expanding our compliance in sales regions. Reach out to our team for further inquiry.System RequirementsSupported Operating systems (for Airtame application) Windows, Mac OS, Chromebook, Linux, Android, AirplaySystem Minimum(for Airtame application) System: Dual Core processorRAM: 2 GB RAMWiFi: 802.11gOS: Windows 7, Ubuntu 18.04 (X11), Mac OS X 10.11, Chrome OS version 70, iOS 9, Android 4.2.2System Recommended (for Airtame application) CPU: Dual Core processor from 2013 or later (Core M3/5, Core i3/5/7/9 or similar)RAM: 4 GB RAMWiFi: 802.11n/acOS: Windows 10, Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (X11), Mac OS X 10.14, latest Chrome OS version, iOS 12, Android4.2.2Router Recommendation 2.4/5.2 GHz 802.11bg/n/ac MIMO 2x2 300 MBit Supported streaming source Windows, Mac OS, Chromebook, Linux, Airplay,AndroidGenerated September 2019。

2-1415356-1SCHRACK Miniature Power PCB Relay PB, Power Relays, Standard, Monostable, DC,300 – 400mW Coil Power Rating Class, 360mW Coil Power Rating DC03/22/2021 11:27PM | Page 1 For support call+1 800 522 6752Relays, Contactors & Switches>Relays>Power RelaysCoil Resistance:400 ΩCoil Power Rating DC:360 mWCoil Power Rating Class:300 – 400 mWCoil Magnetic System:Monostable, DCPower Relay Type:StandardFeaturesProduct Type FeaturesPower Relay Type StandardElectrical CharacteristicsInsulation Initial Dielectric Between Coil & Contact Class1500 – 2500 VInsulation Initial Dielectric Between Open Contacts1000 VrmsContact Limiting Making Current10 AContact Limiting Short-Time Current 6 AContact Limiting Continuous Current 6.5 AInsulation Creepage Class 3 – 5.5 mmInsulation Initial Dielectric Between Contacts & Coil2500 VrmsInsulation Creepage Between Contact & Coil 5 mm[.197 in]Contact Limiting Breaking Current 6 ACoil Magnetic System Monostable, DCCoil Power Rating Class300 – 400 mWCoil Power Rating DC360 mWCoil Resistance400 ΩCoil Voltage Rating12 VDCContact Switching Voltage (Max)400 VACContact Voltage Rating250 VACBody Features2-1415356-1 ACTIVESCHRACKTE Internal #:2-1415356-1SCHRACK Miniature Power PCB Relay PB, Power Relays, Standard,Monostable, DC, 300 – 400mW Coil Power Rating Class, 360mWCoil Power Rating DCView on >SCHRACK Miniature Power PCB Relay PB|Body FeaturesInsulation Special Features Tracking Index of Relay Base PTI250Product Weight 5.4 g[.19 oz]Contact FeaturesContact Arrangement 1 Form A (NO)Contact Current Class 5 – 10 A, 16 AContact Current Rating (Max) 6 AContact Material AgNi90/10Contact Number of Poles1Terminal Type PCB-THTMechanical AttachmentRelay Mounting Type Printed Circuit BoardDimensionsLength Class (Mechanical)14 – 16 mmInsulation Clearance Class 2.5 – 4 mmHeight Class (Mechanical)16 – 20 mmInsulation Clearance Between Contact & Coil 4 mm[.157 in]Width Class (Mechanical)12 – 16 mmProduct Width15 mm[.591 in]Product Length15 mm[.591 in]Product Height20 mm[.787 in]Usage ConditionsEnvironmental Ambient Temperature Class85 – 105 °CEnvironmental Ambient Temperature (Max)105 °C[221 °F]Environmental Category of Protection RTIIPackaging FeaturesPackaging Method Box & Tube, TubeProduct ComplianceFor compliance documentation, visit the product page on >EU RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU CompliantEU ELV Directive 2000/53/EC CompliantChina RoHS 2 Directive MIIT Order No 32, 2016No Restricted Materials Above Threshold03/22/2021 11:27PM | Page 2 For support call+1 800 522 6752China RoHS 2 Directive MIIT Order No 32, 2016No Restricted Materials Above Threshold EU REACH Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006Current ECHA Candidate List: JUN 2020(209)Candidate List Declared Against: JUN 2020(209)Does not contain REACH SVHCHalogen Content Not Low Halogen - contains Br or Cl > 900ppm.Solder Process Capability Wave solder capable to 265°CProduct Compliance DisclaimerThis information is provided based on reasonable inquiry of our suppliers and represents our current actual knowledgebased on the information they provided. This information is subject to change. The part numbers that TE has identified asEU RoHS compliant have a maximum concentration of 0.1% by weight in homogenous materials for lead, hexavalentchromium, mercury, PBB, PBDE, DBP, BBP, DEHP, DIBP, and 0.01% for cadmium, or qualify for an exemption to theselimits as defined in the Annexes of Directive 2011/65/EU (RoHS2). Finished electrical and electronic equipment productswill be CE marked as required by Directive 2011/65/EU. Components may not be CE marked. Additionally, the partnumbers that TE has identified as EU ELV compliant have a maximum concentration of 0.1% by weight in homogenousmaterials for lead, hexavalent chromium, and mercury, and 0.01% for cadmium, or qualify for an exemption to these limitsas defined in the Annexes of Directive 2000/53/EC (ELV). Regarding the REACH Regulation, the information TE provideson SVHC in articles for this part number is based on the latest European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) ‘Guidance onrequirements for substances in articles’ posted at this URL: https://echa.europa.eu/guidance-documents/guidance-on-reachPower Relays(40)TE Part #8-1415357-1 PBH34018TE Part #3-1415356-1PBH34009Compatible PartsAlso in the Series SCHRACK Miniature Power PCB Relay PBCustomers Also Bought03/22/2021 11:27PM | Page 3 For support call+1 800 522 675203/22/2021 11:27PM | Page 4For support call+1 800 522 6752TE Part #964450-3POS MATE TAB HOUSING 14POS REDTE Part #3-829868-97X 9P FEDERLEI 2,5TE Part #1-1586861-414P PM PLUG VAL-U-LOK PM GWTE Part #1-293041-1FF 250 PLUG 0.35-1MM2 BRTE Part #284932-5DUOPLUG STD FEMALE CONN.KEYED 2/3 5 POSTE Part #293207-5DUOPLUG std GWIT 750 selec.1-3-5TE Part #3-1415419-5************TE Part #6-1415899-2PCB Power Relay: 12-16 Amp, MonostableTE Part #1586861-88P PM PLUG VAL-U-LOK PM GWTE Part #1-1415536-9RTH34012WGDocumentsCAD Files3D PDF3DCustomer View ModelENG_CVM_CVM_2-1415356-1_B.2d_dxf.zipEnglishCustomer View ModelENG_CVM_CVM_2-1415356-1_B.3d_igs.zipEnglishCustomer View ModelENG_CVM_CVM_2-1415356-1_B.3d_stp.zipEnglishCustomer View ModelENG_CVM_2-1415356-1_SHK1.3d_igs.zipEnglishCustomer View ModelENG_CVM_2-1415356-1_SHK1.3d_stp.zipEnglishCustomer View ModelCustomer View ModelENG_CVM_2-1415356-1_SHK1.2d_dxf.zipEnglish3D PDFEnglishTerms and ConditionsBy downloading the CAD file I accept and agree to the of use.Datasheets & Catalog PagesMiniature Power PCB Relay PBHEnglishIndustrial Relays Quick Reference GuideEnglishIndustrial Relays Quick Reference GuideJapaneseIndustrial Relays Quick Reference GuideProduct SpecificationsDefinitions RelaysEnglishProduct Environmental ComplianceTE Material DeclarationEnglish03/22/2021 11:27PM | Page 5 For support call+1 800 522 6752。

4-1419136-1SCHRACK Power PCB Relay RT1, Power Relays, Standard, Bistable, 2 Coils, Polarized,500 – 600mW Coil Power Rating Class, 595mW Coil Power Rating DC04/25/2021 11:43PM | Page 1 For support call+1 800 522 6752Relays, Contactors & Switches>Relays>Power RelaysCoil Resistance:42 ΩCoil Power Rating DC:595 mWCoil Power Rating Class:500 – 600 mWCoil Magnetic System:Bistable, 2 Coils, PolarizedPower Relay Type:StandardFeaturesProduct Type FeaturesPower Relay Type StandardElectrical CharacteristicsInsulation Initial Dielectric Between Coil & Contact Class4000 – 5000 VInsulation Initial Dielectric Between Open Contacts1000 VrmsContact Limiting Making Current30 AInsulation Creepage Class8 mmContact Limiting Continuous Current16 AInsulation Initial Dielectric Between Contacts & Coil5000 VrmsInsulation Creepage Between Contact & Coil10 mm[.394 in]Contact Limiting Breaking Current16 ACoil Magnetic System Bistable, 2 Coils, PolarizedCoil Power Rating Class500 – 600 mWCoil Power Rating DC595 mWCoil Resistance42 ΩCoil Special Features Magnetic Latching, UL Coil Insulation ClassFCoil Voltage Rating 5 VDCContact Switching Voltage (Max)400 VACContact Voltage Rating250 VACBody Features4-1419136-1 ACTIVESCHRACKTE Internal #:4-1419136-1SCHRACK Power PCB Relay RT1, Power Relays, Standard, Bistable,2 Coils, Polarized, 500 – 600mW Coil Power Rating Class, 595mWCoil Power Rating DCView on >SCHRACK Power PCB Relay RT1|Contact Voltage Rating250 VACBody FeaturesInsulation Special Features Tracking Index of Relay Base PTI250Product Weight14 g[.494 oz]Contact FeaturesContact Arrangement 1 Form A (NO)Contact Current Class10 – 20 A, 16 AContact Current Rating (Max)16 AContact Material AgSnO2Contact Number of Poles1Terminal Type PCB-THT, Plug-InMechanical AttachmentRelay Mounting Type Printed Circuit Board, SocketDimensionsLength Class (Mechanical)25 – 30 mmInsulation Clearance Class8 mmHeight Class (Mechanical)15 – 16 mmInsulation Clearance Between Contact & Coil10 mm[.394 in]Width Class (Mechanical)12 – 16 mmProduct Width12.7 mm[.5 in]Product Length29 mm[1.142 in]Product Height15.7 mm[.618 in]Usage ConditionsEnvironmental Ambient Temperature (Max)85 °C[185 °F]Packaging FeaturesPackaging Method Carton, TubeProduct ComplianceFor compliance documentation, visit the product page on >EU RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU CompliantEU ELV Directive 2000/53/EC CompliantChina RoHS 2 Directive MIIT Order No 32, 2016No Restricted Materials Above ThresholdEU REACH Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006Current ECHA Candidate List: JAN 202104/25/2021 11:43PM | Page 2 For support call+1 800 522 675204/25/2021 11:43PM | Page 3For support call+1 800 522 6752Current ECHA Candidate List: JAN 2021 (211)Candidate List Declared Against: JAN 2021 (211)Does not contain REACH SVHCHalogen ContentNot Low Halogen - contains Br or Cl > 900 ppm.Solder Process CapabilityWave solder capable to 265°CProduct Compliance DisclaimerThis information is provided based on reasonable inquiry of our suppliers and represents our current actual knowledge based on the information they provided. This information is subject to change. The part numbers that TE has identified as EU RoHS compliant have a maximum concentration of 0.1% by weight in homogenous materials for lead, hexavalent chromium, mercury, PBB, PBDE, DBP, BBP, DEHP, DIBP, and 0.01% for cadmium, or qualify for an exemption to these limits as defined in the Annexes of Directive 2011/65/EU (RoHS2). Finished electrical and electronic equipment products will be CE marked as required by Directive 2011/65/EU. Components may not be CE marked. Additionally, the part numbers that TE has identified as EU ELV compliant have a maximum concentration of 0.1% by weight in homogenous materials for lead, hexavalent chromium, and mercury, and 0.01% for cadmium, or qualify for an exemption to these limits as defined in the Annexes of Directive 2000/53/EC (ELV). Regarding the REACH Regulation, the information TE provides on SVHC in articles for this part number is based on the latest European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) ‘Guidance on requirements for substances in articles’ posted at this URL: https://echa.europa.eu/guidance-documents/guidance-on-reachPower Relays(220)TE Part #6-1415544-6RT31LF05Compatible PartsAlso in the Series SCHRACK Power PCB Relay RT1Customers Also Bought04/25/2021 11:43PM | Page 4For support call+1 800 522 6752TE Part #1721547-1PCN 3A/5A SLIM PCB RELAY 3VDCTE Part #1473005-4DDR2 SO DIMM SocketsTE Part #1742686-1250 FASTON,PCB TAB,TCBRTE Part #1-1879134-1RN 0603 12K4 0.1% 10PPM 1K RLTE Part #1879134-8RN 0603 11K5 0.1% 10PPM 1K RLTE Part #9-1625867-8RP 1J 0.166W 64R9 0.1% 25PPM 1K RLTE Part #1571528-1TACT SWITCH,SMT,JLEAD,3.8X6MMTE Part #1-1623788-6Wirewound Resistor: Vertical MountTE Part #1937650-9PCB Power Relay: Bystable, PolarizedTE Part #1658612-3IDC D-Sub: Receptacle Assembly, Low Profile, Signal, 2.77 mmDocumentsCAD Files3D PDF3DCustomer View ModelENG_CVM_CVM_4-1419136-1_D.2d_dxf.zipEnglishCustomer View ModelENG_CVM_CVM_4-1419136-1_D.3d_igs.zipEnglishCustomer View ModelENG_CVM_CVM_4-1419136-1_D.3d_stp.zipEnglishBy downloading the CAD file I accept and agree to the of use.Terms and Conditions Datasheets & Catalog PagesPower PCB Relay RT1 InrushEnglishIndustrial Relays Quick Reference GuideEnglishIndustrial Relays Quick Reference GuideEnglishIndustrial Relays Quick Reference GuideJapaneseIndustrial Relays Quick Reference GuideProduct SpecificationsDefinitions RelaysEnglishAgency ApprovalsVDE CertificateEnglish04/25/2021 11:43PM | Page 5 For support call+1 800 522 6752。

AUTOCAD 常用英文翻译材料2D Solid 二维实体2D 实面2D Wireframe 二维线框3D Array 三维阵列3D 阵列3D Dynamic View 三维动态观察3D 动态检视3d objects 三维物体3D 物件3D Orbit 三维轨道3D 动态3D Orbit 三维动态观察3D 动态3D Studio 3D Studio 3D Studio3D Viewpoint 三维视点3D 检视点3dpoly 三维多段线3D 聚合线3dsin 3DS 输入3D 实体汇入3DSolid 三维实体3D 实体3dsout 3DS 输出3D 实体汇出abort 放弃中断abort 中断中断absolute coordinates 绝对坐标绝对座标abut 邻接相邻accelerator key 加速键快速键access 获取存取acisin ACIS 输入ACIS 汇入acisout ACIS 输出ACIS 汇出action 操作动作active 活动（的）作用中adaptive sampling 自适应采样最适取样add 添加加入Add a Printer 添加打印机新增印表机Add mode 添加模式Add Plot Style Table 添加打印样式表Add Plot Style Table 添加打印样式表Add Plotter 添加打印机Add Plotter 添加打印机Add to Favorites 添加到收藏夹加入我的最爱ADI ADI(Autodesk 设备接口) ADI (Autodesk 设备介面)adjacent 相邻相邻Adjust 调整调整Adjust Area fill 调整区域填充调整区域填满AdLM (Autodesk License Manager) AdLM（Autodesk 许可管理器）Administration dialog box 管理对话框管理对话方块Advanced Setup Wizard 高级设置向导进阶安装精灵Aerial View 鸟瞰视图鸟瞰视景affine calibration 仿射校准关系校正alert 警告警示alias 别名别名aliasing 走样锯齿化align 对齐对齐aligned dimension 对齐标注对齐式标注alignment 对齐(方式) 对齐allocate 分配配置Altitude 标高高度ambient color 环境色环境颜色ambient light 环境光环境光源angular dimension 角度标注角度标注angular unit 角度单位角度单位annotation 注释注解anonymous block 无名块匿名图块anti-aliasing 反走样消除锯齿aperture 靶框锁点框apparent intersections 外观交点外观交点append 附加附加Application key 授权申请号应用程式码appload 加载应用程序载入应用程式Apply 应用/申请套用approximation points 近似点近似点arc 圆弧弧Architectual Ticks 建筑标记建筑斜线area 区域,面积区域,面积Argument 参数引数Arrange icons 排列图标排列图示array 阵列阵列arrowhead 箭头箭头ASCII ASCII （美国标准信息交换码）ASCII aseadmin ASE 管理ASE 管理aseexport ASE 输出ASE 汇出aselinks ASE 链接ASE 连结aserows ASE 行ASE 列aseselect ASE 选择ASE 选取asesqled SQL 编辑ASE SQL 编辑器Aspect 纵横向间距纵横向间距aspect ratio 宽高比纵横比assign 指定指定Assist 助理辅助associative dimension 关联标注关联式标注associative hatches 关联填充关联式剖面线attach v.附着贴附attdef 属性定义属性定义attdisp 属性显示属性显示attedit 属性编辑属性编辑attenuation 衰减衰减attenuation of light 灯光衰减光源衰减attext 属性提取属性萃取attredef 属性重定义属性重新定义attribute definition 属性定义属性定义Attribute Display 属性显示属性显示attribute extraction file 属性提取文件属性萃取档attribute extraction template file 属性提取样板文件属性萃取样板档attribute prompt 属性提示属性提示attribute tag 属性标签属性标签attribute value 属性值属性值audit 核查检核authorization code 授权码授权码AutoCAD library search path AutoCAD 库搜索路径AutoCAD 资源库搜寻路径autocommit 自动提交自动确定AutoTrack 自动追踪自动追踪axis tripod 三轴架三向轴azimuth 方位角方位Back Clipping On 后向剪裁打开back view 后视图后视景background color 背景色背景颜色backup 备份备份Backward 反向左右反向bad 不正确的不正确base 基点基准,底端,底部base dimension 基准标注基线式标注base grips 基夹点基准掣点base point 基点基准点baseline 基线基准线基线式baseline dimension 基线标注基线式标注Basic color 基本色基本颜色batch plotting 批处理打印批次出图beam angles of spotlights 聚光灯光束角度点光源光线角度Beep on Error 出错报警错误时发出哔声bevel 倒角斜切bevel 倒角斜切beveling objects 斜角对象斜切物件Bezier curve Bezier 曲线Bezier 曲线Big Font 大字体大字体bind 绑定并入bitmap 位图点阵图blend 合成混成blipmode 点标记模式点记模式block 块图块block definition 块定义图块定义block reference 块参照图块参考block table 块表图块表格bmpout BMP 输出BMP 汇出body 体主体Boolean operation 布尔运算布林运算borders 边框图框bottom view 仰视图下视景boundary 边界边界boundary sets 边界集边界集bounding 边（框）边界框break (v.) 打断切断Bring Above Object 置于对象之上置于物件上方Bring to Top 顶置置于最上方brower 浏览器浏览器built-in 内置的内建bulge 凸度凸度bump map 凹凸贴图凸纹贴图button menu 按钮菜单按钮功能表BYBLOCK 随块BYBLOCKBYLAYER 随层BYLAYERbyte 字节位元组cabling 电缆布线配线cal 计算器校正calibrate 校准校正call 调用呼叫callback 回调(for LISP) 回覆callback 回叫回覆camera 相机照相机camera angle 相机角度相机角度Cancel 取消取消cap 封口封口cascade 层叠（的）重叠排列case （大小）写大小写cast 投射投射catalog 目录目录cell 单元储存格Center 圆心中心center mark 圆心标记中心点标记centerline 中心线中心线centroid 形心,质心矩心chamfer 倒角倒角change 修改变更character 字符字元Check 检查检查Check Box 复选框勾选框Check Spelling 拼写检查拼字检查child dimension style 下级标注样式子标注型式chord 弦翼弦chprop 修改特性变更性质circle 圆圆circular external reference 循环外部参照循环外部参考Circumference 圆周圆周class 类等级, 类别clause 子句子句Clean 清除清理Clean 清除清理clear 清除清除client 客户机用户端clip 剪裁截取Clipboard 剪贴板剪贴簿clipping boundaries 剪裁边界截取边界clipping planes 剪裁平面截取平面Close 闭合关闭(用于档案),闭合(用于边界,线,面域) cluster 组丛集code pages 代码页字码页color 颜色著色color depth 颜色深度颜色深度color map 色表颜色对映Color Wheel 颜色轮盘色轮color-dependent 颜色相关Color-Dependent Plot Style Table 颜色相关打印样式表dangle 不固定的悬挂Dark Color 暗色暗色dash 虚线虚线data integrity 数据完整性资料完整性database 数据库资料库datum 基准基准面datum axis 基准轴基准轴datum dimension 基准标注基准标注datum identifier 基准标识基准识别字datum reference frames 基准参考框架基准参考框datum reference letters 基准参考字母基准参考文字dbConnect 数据库连接资料库连结dbConnect Manager 数据库连接管理器dblist 数据库列表资料库列示DBMS drivers DBMS 驱动资料库管理系统(DBMS)ddattdef 属性定义对话框动态属性定义ddatte 属性编辑对话框动态属性编辑ddattext 属性提取对话框动态属性萃取ddcolor 颜色对话框动态颜色设定ddedit 文字编辑对话框编辑文字与属性定义ddgrips 夹点对话框动态掣点设定ddim 标注设置对话框标注设定ddinsert 插入对话框图块插入ddmodify 图元编辑对话框动态修改ddptype 点类型对话框点型式ddrename 重命名对话框动态更名ddrmodes 绘图模式对话框绘图设定ddselect 对象选择对话框动态选取设定dducs UCS 对话框动态UCS 设定dducsp UCS 方向对话框动态UCS 预设ddunits 单位对话框动态单位设定ddview 视图对话框动态视景ddvpoint 视点对话框动态检视点deactivate 释放停用dealer 经销商经销商decal effect 修剪效果除去杂质效果decimal dimensions 十进制标注十进位标注decurve 非曲线化直线化default 缺省预设值,预设default drawing 缺省图形预设图面default drawing 缺省图形预设图面definition point 定义点定义点Degenerate 退化退化delay 延迟延迟delete 删除删除DELta 增量差值demand loading 按需加载应要求载入dependent symbols 依赖符号deployment 展开布署Depth Map 深度贴图深度贴图derive 导出导出description 说明描述Design Center 设计中心设计中心detach 拆离分离Detection 检测侦测deviation 极限偏差偏差deviation tolerances 极限公差偏差公差device 设备设备device 设备设备Device and Default Selection 设备和默认General 基本一般generate 生成产生geometric characteristic symbols 几何特性几何特性符号Geometric Tolerance 形位公差几何公差geometry 几何图形几何图形global 全局（的）整体Gouraud renderings Gouraud Gouraud 着色Gouraud 彩现Gradient 百分度渐层Grads 百分度分度graphic area 图形区图形区graphics cursor 图形光标图形游标graphics screen 图形屏图形萤幕graphics window 图形窗口图形视窗graphscr 图形屏图形萤幕gray 灰度灰阶grid 网格格点grid 网格,栅格格点grid mode 栅格模式格点模式grip 夹点掣点group 编组群组group code 组码群组码Haltftoning 半色调半色调handle 句柄处理码(用于性质对话方块)handshaking 握手信号交握Hardcopy 硬拷贝硬体复制,硬本hardware linetype 硬件线型硬体线型hardware lock 保密锁硬体锁hardware requirement 硬件需求硬体需求hatch 图案填充剖面线hatch areas 填充区域剖面区域hatch boundaries 填充边界剖面边界hatch pattern 填充图案剖面线样式hatch styles 填充样式剖面样式hatchedit 填充编辑剖面线编辑Heads-up Design 轻松设计抬头设计Height 高度高度help 帮助说明Hidden Line 隐藏线隐藏线hidden-line image 消隐图像隐藏线影像hide 隐藏(adj.) 隐藏hide 消隐(v.) 隐藏hideplot 消隐出图隐藏出图highlight 突出显示亮显highlight 亮光(for the color of 3D object) 亮显HIGHLIGHT 亮显亮显home page 主页首页home position 起始位置归位点hook line 钩线钩线hotspot 聚光角聚光点Hyperlink 超级链接超连结Icon 图标图示Identifier 标识符识别字IGES (International Graphics Exchange Specification) 初始图形交换标准基本图形交换规格Ignore 忽略忽略image 图像影像implement 实现实施import 输入汇入Imprint 压印盖印Imprint 压印盖印included angle 包含角夹角infinite lines 无限长线无限长直线information 信息资讯Inherit Properties 继承特性继承性质initial environment 初始环境初始环境Initialize 初始化起始设定in-place 在位现地inquiry 查询查询inscribed polygons 内接正多边形内接多边形insert 插入插入Insertion 插入点插入点insertobj 插入对象插入物件instance 引用实例Instruction 指示指示integer 整数整数IntelliMouse 智能鼠标智慧型滑鼠IntelliMouse 智能鼠标智慧型滑鼠Intensity 强度强度interactive 交互的互动式Interchange 互换交替interface 介面介面interfere 干涉干涉Interference 干涉干涉Interference 干涉干涉interlace 隔行交错internal 内部的内部Internet Utilities Internet应用程序网际网路公用程式interpolation points 插值点内插点intersect 交集交集interval 间距/间隔间隔时间Invalid 无效（的）无效inverse linear attenuation of light 线性衰减光线的线性反比衰减inverse square attenuation of light 平方衰减光线的平方反比衰减Invisible 不可见不可见invoke 调用呼叫island 孤岛孤立物件Island detection 孤岛检测侦测孤立物件ISO (International Standards Organization) ISO(国际标准化组织) ISO Isolation levels 隔离级别隔离层次isoline 素线等角线isometric 等轴测等角isometric snap style 等轴测捕捉样式等角锁点型式isometric view 等轴测视图等角视景isoplane 等轴测平面等角平面ISOPLANE 等轴测平面等角平面Italic 斜体斜体iterator 枚举器重述子join 合并结合joint 连接接合线Justification 对正对正方式justify 对正对正key 主键主键key n.名称主键knot vector 节点矢量要点向量label 标签标签landscape 横向横式Landscape 配景，风景,if used for "landscape object" etc. 横式Landscape Edit 编辑配景Landscape Library 配景库景物图库lateral tolerance symbol 尺寸公差符号侧向公差符号layer index 图层索引图层索引Layout 布局配置Layout from Template 来自样板的布局Layout from Template 来自样板的布局Layout Wizard 布局向导leader 引线引线Leading 前导前导Learning Assistance 学习助手学习助理Left View 左视图左视景legacy 传统旧式length 长度长度lengthen 拉长调整长度Lens Length 镜头长度镜头长度License Agreement 许可协议授权合约license key 许可证号授权码License Manager 许可管理器授权管理员License Server 许可服务器授权伺服器licenses 授权授权light 光源光源light color 浅色(for RAMT-wood ) 亮色Light Color 暖色亮色lighting 照明效果照明Lightness 亮度亮度limits 图形界限范围,图面范围line 行线line 直线线line font 线型线字体line object 线性对象线物件line segment 线段线段line width 线宽线宽Linear Dimension 线性标注线性标注linetype 线型线型Lineweight 线宽线宽link 链接连结list 表串列list 列表串列list box 列表框列示框List Files 文件列表load 加载载入locale 局部本地location 网址(for Internet) 位置location 位置(for file and directory) 位置locked 锁定锁护locked layer 锁定图层锁护图层logfileoff 关闭日志文件关闭记录档logfileon 打开日志文件开启记录档logical 逻辑逻辑的long file name 长文件名长档名loop 环回路ltscale 线型比例线型比例LTSCALE 线型比例线型比例Ltype 线型线型lump 块小块magnet 磁吸磁铁magnification （缩放）比例倍率magnifying glass 放大镜放大境main window 主窗口主视窗major axis 长轴长轴Make 新建制作Make 建立制作malformed 有缺陷畸形的Manipulate 操作管理Manipulate 操作管理Manufacture 制造商制造商mapper 贴图贴图mapping 贴图贴图,对映marble 大理石大理石mark 标记标记massprop 质量特性质量性质match 匹配相符material condition 包容条件材质条件material condition symbols 包容条件符号材质条件符号Materials 材质对话框材质Materials Library 材质库材质库matlib 材质库材质库measure 测量测量measure 等距等分（菜单内容）测量Measurement 测量单位测量结果MEASUREMENT 在图形中设置测量值测量结果member 成员成员memory 内存记忆体menu 菜单功能表menu bar 菜单栏功能表列menuload 加载菜单自订功能表Merge 合并合并message 信息讯息metafile 图元文件中继档Method 方法方法(用于物件导向程式观念)Middle 中央点中央Middle Center 正中点正中Midpoint 中点中点minsert 多重插入插入图块阵列mirror 镜像镜射mirror line 镜像射线镜射线mirror3d 三维镜像3 D 镜射Miscellaneous File Names 其他文件名其它档名Miter 斜接斜接mledit 多线编辑复线编辑mline 多线复线mlstyle 多线样式复线型式mode 模式模式model 型号模型model 型号模型model (v)建模，(n)模型模型model space 模型空间模型空间Modification 修改修改monitor resolution 显示器分辨率萤幕解析度monochrome 单色（的）单色mouse 鼠标滑鼠move 移动移动mslide 制作幻灯制作幻灯片mspace 模型空间模型空间mtext 多行文字多行文字Multiline 多线比例复线multiline scale 多线比例复线比例Multiline Style 多线样式复线型式mview 生成视口多重视埠mvsetup 设置图纸规格多重视埠设定named object 命名对象具名物件named plot style table 命名的打印样式表具名的出图型式表Named UCS 命名UCS 具名UCSnamed view 命名视图具名的视景NE Isometric 东北等轴测东北等角NE Isometric 东北等轴测东北等角Nearest 最近点最近点nested 嵌套巢状式nested blocks 嵌套块巢状式图块new 新建开新档案new 新的开新档案New Layout 新建布局New Layout 新建布局NURB surfaces NURBS（非一致有理B 样条曲线）NURBS 曲面NW Isometric 西北等轴测西北等角NW Isometric 西北等轴测西北等角object 对象物件Object Properties 对象特性物件性质Object Properties Manager 对象特性管理器物件性质管理员Object Snap 对象捕捉物件锁点object snap override 对象捕捉覆盖物件锁点取代Object Snap Setting 对象捕捉设置objects 对象物件Oblique 斜尺寸界线倾斜obsolete 废弃旧式ODBC database ODBC数据库ODBC 资料库offset 偏移偏移OLE OLE（对象链接和嵌入）物件连接与嵌入(OLE) olelinks OLE链接OLE 连结online help 联机帮助线上说明online manuals 联机手册线上手册oops 恢复取消删除opacity map 不透明贴图不透明贴图open 打开开启(大部分用于档案)open 打开(的) 开启(大部分用于档案)OPM(Object Property Manager) 对象特性管理器Optimization 优化最佳化option 选项选项Orbit 轨道动态, 动态检视Ordinate 坐标标注座标式orientation 方向方位origin 原点（对于坐标系）原点origin 原始位置(used for external Datebase) 原点origin 起点（对于尺寸界线和标注）原点ortho 正交正交Ortho mode 正交模式正交模式orthogonal 正交正交的orthographic 正交正投影osnap 对象捕捉物件锁点outside 外部的外侧(用于文字位置)overall dimension scale 全局比例整体标注比例overflow 溢出高溢(相对于underflow),溢位overlay 覆盖覆叠overline 上划线顶线override 忽略- For common sentences 取代override 替代- For dimension 取代overwrite 覆盖取代Palette 控制板选盘Palette 调色板选盘pan 平移平移pane 窗格窗格paper space 图纸空间图纸空间parameter 参数参数parent dimension style 上级标注样式父系标注型式parse 分析分析Partial 部分局部Partial Load 部分加载局部载入Partial Load 部分加载局部载入password 口令密码Paste Special 选择性粘贴选择性贴上pasteclip 粘贴贴上截取pastespec 选择性粘贴选择性贴上path 路径路径pattern 方式for "file search pattern" 样式pattern 图案for hatch pattern, line pattern, etc. 样式pedit 多段线编辑聚合线编辑pen plotters 笔式绘图仪笔式绘图机pen speed 笔速笔速pen width 笔宽笔宽Perfomance 性能效能perimeter 周长周长personalization 个人化个人化pface 复合面聚合面Phong shading Phong 着色描影Photo Raytrace renderer 照片级光线跟踪渲染光线追踪相片彩现Photo Real renderer 照片级真实感渲染真实相片彩现photo realistic rendering 照片级真实感渲染相片质感彩现pick button 拾取键点选钮pickbox 拾取框点选框PICKFIRST 选择优先先点选picture 图片图片pixel 像素像素placeholder 占位符定位器plan 平面图平面plan view 平面视图平面视景planar projection 平面投影平面投影pline 多段线聚合线plot 打印出图Plot Configuration 打印配置出图规划plot files 打印文件出图档plot rotation 打印旋转出图旋转plot spooling 打印假脱机出图伫列Plot Style Manager 打印样式管理器plot style table 打印样式表出图型式表plotter 绘图仪绘图机plotter linetype 绘图仪线型绘图机线型Plotter Manager 打印机管理器Point Filters 点过滤点过滤器point marker 点标记点标记Point Sample 点采样取样点Point Style 点样式点型式pointer 指针指标pointing device 定点设备指向设备polar array 环形阵列环形阵列polar coordinate 极坐标极座标polar tracking 极轴追踪极座标追踪polar tracking 极轴追踪极座标追踪polyface meshes 多面网格聚合面网面polygon 正多边形多边形polygon 多边形多边形polygon meshes 多边形网格多边形网面polygon window 多边形窗口多边形视窗polygonal clipping boundaries 多边形剪切边界多边形截取边界polyline 多段线聚合线polyline clipping boundaries 多段线裁剪边界聚合线截取边界polyline segments 多段线线段聚合线线段polymesh 多边形网格聚合网面popup 弹出弹出Popup List 弹出列表弹出列示port 端口埠Portrait 肖像直式Portrait 纵向，if used for paper layout 直式positional tolerances 位置公差位置公差precision 精度精确度predefine 预定义事先定义的preferences 系统配置环境设定Preferences dialog box 系统配置对话框「环境设定」对话方块preview 打印预览预览primitive 原型基本原件Priority 优先级优先权priviledge 特权专用权Procedural material 过程化材质程序材质process 处理程序Profile 配置/剖面(图) 轮廓program (v.) 编程程式Projected tolerance zone 投影公差带投影公差区Projected tolerances 投影公差投影公差prompt 提示提示Properties 特性内容Property painter 特性刷性质复制器Protocal 协议通讯协定prototype 原型原型proxy 代理代理proxy fonts 代理字体代理字型pull down menu 下拉菜单下拉功能表purge 清理清除pyramid 棱锥面三角锥体QDIM 快速标注快速标注qsave 快存快速存档qtext 快速文字快速文字Quadratic 二次二次quality质量品质Quick Tour 快速指南快速导览radian 弧度弪度Radio Button 单选钮圆钮radius 半径?/ca>ANSI 美国国家标准PN 波兰国家标准JIS 日本国家标准这个都和GB（国标中华人民共和国国家标准）是同一个类型的标准DIN:德国国家标准CAD快捷键一览创建三维阵列3A创建三维面3F在三维空间创建由直线段组成的多段线3P在二维和三维空间中将某对象与其他对象对齐AL加载AutoLISP、ADS 和ARX 应用程序AP创建圆弧A计算对象或定义区域的面积和周长AA创建按指定方式排列的多重对象拷贝AR执行外部数据库命令的管理功能AAD输出选择对象的链接信息AEX管理对象和外部数据库之间的链接ALI显示并编辑表数据并创建链接和选择集ARO从链接到文字选择集和图形选择集的行中创建选择集ASE执行结构查询语言(SQL) 语句ASQ创建属性定义-A T改变不依赖于块定义的属性信息-ATE用图案填充封闭区域H或BH根据选定对象创建块定义-B用对话框定义块 B用封闭区域创建面域或多段线BO（使用命令行）用封闭区域创建面域或多段线-BO部分删除对象或把对象分解为两部分BR给对象加倒角CHA修改现有对象的特性-CH根据圆心和直径或半径绘制圆 C复制对象CO或CP创建属性定义A T编辑单个块的可变属性ATE修改对象的颜色、图层、线型和厚度CH设置新对象的颜色COL编辑文字和属性定义ED显示夹点并设置颜色GR创建并修改标注样式 D插入块或另一图形I控制现有对象的特性MO修改对象名称REN设置绘图辅助工具RM设置对象选择模式SE管理已定义的用户坐标系UC选择预置用户坐标系UCP控制坐标和角度的显示格式及精度UN创建和恢复视图V设置三维观察方向VP创建对齐线性标注DAL或DIMALI创建角度标注DAN或DIMANG从前一个或选择的标注的第一尺寸界线处连续标注DBA或DIMBASE 创建圆和圆弧的圆心标记或中心线DCE从前一个或选择的标注的第二尺寸界线处连续标注DCO或DIMCONT 创建圆和圆弧的直径标注DDI或DIMDIA编辑标注DED或DIMED创建线性尺寸标注DLI或DIMLIN创建坐标点标注DOR或DIMORD替换标注系统变量DOV或DIMOVER创建圆和圆弧的半径尺寸标注DRA或DIMRAD在命令行创建和修改标注样式DST或DIMSTY移动和旋转标注文字DIMTED测量两点之间的距离和角度DI将点对象或块沿对象的长度或周长等间隔排列DIV绘制填充的圆和环DO修改图像和其他对象的显示顺序DR打开鸟瞰视图窗口AV输入文字时在屏幕上显示DT定义平行投影或透视视图DV创建椭圆或椭圆弧EL从图形删除对象 E将组合对象分解为对象组件X以其他文件格式保存对象EXP延伸对象到另一对象EX通过拉伸现有二维对象来创建三维实体EXT给对象加圆角 F创建根据特性选择有关对象时用到的过滤器列表FI创建对象的命名选择集G使用命令行创建选择集-G用图案填充一块指定边界的区域-H修改现有的图案填充对象HE重生成三维模型时不显示隐藏线HI以多种格式向AutoCAD 图形文件中插入图像IM使用命令行插入图像-IM控制选定图像的亮度、对比度和褪色度IAD向当前图形中定义并附着新的图像对象IA T为单个图像对象创建新剪切边界ICL向AutoCAD 输入3DS/DXF/EPS /SA T/WMF等文件IMP将命名块或图形插入到当前图形中-I插入链接或嵌入对象IO找出两个或多个三维实体的干涉区并用公用部分创建三维组合实体INF 从两个或多个实体或面域的交集创建组合实体或面域IN管理图层LA在命令行上执行LAYER 命令-LA创建一条引出线将注释与一个几何特征相连LE或LEAD拉长对象L创建、加载和设置线型LT使用命令行创建、加载和设置线型-LT显示选定对象的数据库信息LI或LS设置线型比例因子LTS把某一对象的特性复制到其他若干对象MA将点对象或块按指定的间距放置ME创建对象的镜像副本MI创建多线ML在指定方向上按指定距离移动对象M从图纸空间切换到模型空间视口MS创建多行文字T或MT使用命令行创建多行文字-T创建浮动视口和打开现有的浮动视口MV创建对象的等距线，如同心圆、平行线和平行曲线O设置运行对象捕捉模式并修改靶框大小OS使用命令行设置运行对象捕捉模式并修改靶框大小-OS移动显示在当前视口的图形P使用命令行移动视口-P插入剪贴板数据并控制数据格式PA编辑多段线和三维多边形网格PE创建二维多段线PL将图形打印到绘图仪、打印机或文件PLOT创建点对象PO创建用多段线表示的正多边形POL自定义AutoCAD 系统参数的设置PR显示打印图形的效果PRE从模型空间视口切换到图纸空间PS删除数据库中未用的命名对象，例如块或图层PU退出AutoCAD EXIT绘制矩形多段线REC刷新显示当前视口R刷新显示所有视口RA重生成图形并刷新显示当前视口RE重新生成图形并刷新所有视口REA从选择的一组现有对象中创建面域对象REG修改对象名-REN创建三维线框或实体模型的具有真实感的渲染图像RR沿轴旋转二维对象以创建实体REV绕基点旋转对象RO设置渲染系统配置RPR在X、Y 和Z 方向等比例放大或缩小对象SC从脚本文件执行一系列命令SCR用剖切平面和实体截交创建面域SEC列出系统变量并修改变量值SET显示当前视口图形的着色图像SHA用平面剖切一组实体SL规定光标按指定的间距移动SN创建二维填充多边形SO检查图形中文字的拼写SP创建二次或三次样条曲线SPL编辑样条曲线对象SPE移动或拉伸对象S创建命名样式ST用差集创建组合面域或实体SU校准、配置、打开和关闭已安装的数字化仪TA设置当前三维实体的厚度TH控制对图纸空间的访问以及控制视口的行为TI创建形位公差标注TOL显示、隐藏和自定义工具栏TO创建圆环形实体TOR用其他对象定义的剪切边修剪对象TR通过并运算创建组合面域或实体UNI设置坐标和角度的显示格式和精度-UN保存和恢复已命名的视图-V设置图形的三维直观图的查看方向-VP将块对象写入新图形文件W创建三维实体使其倾斜面尖端沿X 轴正向WE将一个外部参照附加到当前图形中XA将外部参照依赖符号绑定到图形XB使用命令行执行XBINDW命令-XB定义外部参照或块剪裁边界，并且设置前剪裁面和后剪裁面XC 创建无限长的直线，称为参照线XL控制图形中的外部参照XR使用命令行执行XREF命令-XR放大或缩小当前视口对象的外观尺寸Z===============================cad快捷键快捷键注释快捷键注释A ARC(画弧) IN INTERSECT(求交)AA AREA(测量面积) L LINE(画线)AR ARRAY(阵列) LA LAYER(建立图层)A TT ATTDEF(定义属性) LE QLEADER(快速导引线标注)A TE ATTEDIT(编辑属性) LEN LENGTHEN(加长)B BLOCK(定义图块) LI LIST(列表)BH BHA TCH(图案填充) LT LINETYPE(设置线型)BR BREAK(打断) LTS LTSCALE(设置线型比例)C CIRCLE(画圆) M MOVE(移动)CH PROPERTIES(特性修改) MA MA TCHPROP(属性匹配) CHA CHAMFER(倒斜角) ME MEASURE(测量)COL COLOR(改变物体颜色) MI MIRROR(镜像)CO COPY(复制) ML MLINE(画多线)D DIMSTYLE(设置标柱样式) MT MTEXT(多行文字)DAL DIMALIGNED(对齐标注) O OFFSET(偏移)DAN DIMANGULAR(角度标注) OP OPTIONS(系统设置) DBA DIMBASELINE(基线标料) OS OSNAP(物体捕捉)。

Electro-pneumatic PositionersYT-1000L SeriesUSER'S MANUALYTC Ver 1.01Table of ContentsIntroduction3 Manufacturer Warranty3 Product Description4 Main Features and Functions4 Operation Logic4 Label Description5 Suffix Symbol5 Specification6 Parts and Assembly7 Dimension8 YT-1000L: Explosion-Proof Type8 YT-1000L: Intrinsically Safe Type8 Installation9 Safety Waring9 Tools for Installation9 YT-1000L Installation9 Piping Connection12 Supply Pressure Condition12 Pipe Condition12 Piping Connection with Actuator12 Power Connection13 Connection - Connection Port13 Connection - Cable Gland13 Connection - Power14 Connection - Ground14 Adjustment15 Adjustment - Zero15 Adjustment - Span15 Adjustment - A/M Switch (Automatic/Manual)15 Adjustment - Seat Adjuster15 Adjustment - Orifice16 Troubleshooting17IntroductionThank you for choosing YTC product. Each product is fully inspected after the production to offer you the highest quality. In order to fully utilize the product, we strongly recommend users to read this manual carefully and understood.z The manual should be provided to the end user.z The manual can be changed or revised without any prior notice. Any changes in product's specification, structure, and/or any components may not result immediate revised version of the manual.z The manual should not be duplicated or reproduced for any purpose without any approval from Young Tech Co., Ltd, South Korea.Manufacturer Warranty- For the safety, it is imperative to follow instructions in the manual. It is not manufacturer's liability for any damages which caused by users' negligences.- It is not manufacturer's liability for any damages or accidents which resulted by any alteration or modification of the product and parts. If alteration ormodification is necessary, please contact the manufacturer directly.- Manufacturer warrants the product from the date of original retail purchase of the product for one (1) year, except as otherwise stated.- Manufacturer warranty will not cover the products that the product have been subjected to abuse, accident, alteration, modification, tampering, negligence,misuse, faulty installation, lack of reasonable care, repair or service in any waythat is not contemplated in the documentation for the product, or if the modelor serial number has been altered, tampered with, defaced or removed;damages that occurs in shipment, due to act of God, failure due to powersurge, and cosmetic damage. Improper or incorrectly performed maintenance or report voids this Limited Warranty.- For detailed warranty information, please contact the corresponding local Young Tech Co., Ltd office or main office in South Korea.Product DescriptionMain Features and Functionsz It is designed for high durability and performance in high vibration environment.z Durability has proven after testing of 1 million times, at least.z Response time is very short and accurate.z Simple part change can set 1/2 Split Range.z It is economical due to less air-consumption.z Direct/Reverse action can be set easily.z Zero & Span adjustment process is simply.nozzle(③) and the flapper(②) increases, which results pressure in upper spool(⑤) exhaustion. This would cause spool(⑤) to rise upward. As the spool(⑤) rises, the air pressure will be supplied to the actuator(⑩). As the actuator's inner pressure increases, the actuator stem(⑫) will move. The movement will be transferred to cam(⑭) and pulls the span spring(⑮). The span spring(⑮)'s force will be balanced with torque motor(①), and this would cause to move flapper(②) to the normal position and reduce the gap between the nozzle(③). As the air pressure exhaustion level decreases through the nozzle(③), the pressure level in upper spool(⑤) increases again. The spool(⑤) would come back to the normal position and block the seat(⑦) which would lead to block the supply air from the actuator(⑩). When the actuator(⑩) stops the movement, the positioner would come back to the normal position. <Figure 1>Suffix SymbolYT-1000L series follows suffix symbols as follows.YT-1000L════════════════════════════════Motion Type S :LinearD :Double════════════════════════════════Explosion Proof m :Ex dm IIB T5C :Ex dm IIC T5:Ex ia IIB T6in :Non-Explosion════════════════════════════════Feedback Lever 1 :10 ~ 40mm:30∼ 70mm23 :60 ∼ 100mm4 : 100 ∼ 150mm════════════════════════════════Orifice 1 : Ø1Ø22:3 : None════════════════════════════════Connection Type 1 :PT2 :NPT════════════════════════════════Ambient Temperature S :-20 ~ 70℃H :-20 ~ 120℃L :-40 ~ 70℃════════════════════════════════* For special specification, please contact our sales department.Specification* Tested under ambient temperature of 20℃, absolute pressure of 760mmHg, and humidity of 65%.Please contact us for more detailed specification.* 1: For 1/2 Split Control, it can be applied by adjusting zero and span.*2: For inquiry regarding strokes under 10mm or above 150mm, please contact YTC.* 3: YT-1000L has different types of explosion proof certificates. Please make sure to check explosion proof grade.Parts and AssemblyInstallationSafety WarningWhen installing positioner, please ensure to read and follow safety instruction.z All input and supply pressure to valve, actuator, and other related devices must be turned off.z Use bypass valve or other equipment to avoid entire system "shut down."z Make sure there is no remaining pressure in the actuator.Tools for installation①Hexagonal wrench②Screw drivers (+) & (-)③Spanners for hexagonal-head boltsYT-1000L installationYT-1000L should be installed on linear motion valve such as globe valve or gate valve using spring return type diaphragm or piston actuator. Before installation, be sure to check for following installation components.①YT-1000L main body②Feedback lever and lever spring③Flange nut (bottom side of YT-1000L)④4 pcs. of hexagon head bolts (M8 X 1.25P)⑤4 pcs. of M8 plate washerInstallation Steps(1)Proper bracket must be made in order to attach positioner on the actuator yoke.Please consider following when making a bracket.① Feedback lever should be leveled at 50% of valve stroke. (Refer to Step 7)② Feedback lever connection bar of actuator clamp should be installed at the position that the valve stroke and numbers which indicated on the feedback lever must be fitted. (Refer to Step 8)produced in earlier step, by using bolts.<Figure 2> Please refer to backside of theavailable. Please contact YTC sales department.(3) Attach YT-1000L (with bracket) to the actuator yoke - DO NOT TIGHTENCOMPLETELY.(4) Connect YT-1000L feedback lever to the actuator clamp. The gap on theYT-1000L feedback lever is 6.5mm. The connection bar thickness should be less than(7) If connection bar does not point at 50% point, then adjust bracket or feedbacklink bar position. Failure to position at 50% would lower the linearity of the positioner. <Figure 6><Figure 6>(8) Check valve stroke. The stroke numbers are indicated on the feedback lever.Position connection bar at the number on the feedback lever according to the valve stroke. <Figure 7> To adjust, move the bracket or connection bar.Stroke 30mmStroke 70mm<Figure 7>NoteAfter instaling YT-1000L, operate the valvefrom 0% to 100% stroke by using air filterregulator on the actuator. Both of 0%and 100%, the feedback lever should nottouch the lever stopper, which is locatedon the backside of YT-1000L. <Figure 8>If the feedback lever touches the leverstopper, YT-1000L should be installedfurther away from the center of the yoke. <Figure 8>(9) After the proper installation, tighten all of the bolts on the bracket, thefeedback lever, and the connection bar.Piping ConnectionNotez To avoid entering moisture, oil, or dust into the product, please carefully make selection of supply pressure compressor.z It is recommended to attach air filter regulator before supply port of YT-1000.Supply Pressure Condition①Dry air with at least 10℃ lower than ambient temperature.②Avoid from dusty air. Filter can only sort 5 micron or larger.③Avoid any oil.④Comply with ANSI/ISA-57.3 1975(R1981)이나 ISA S7.3-1975(R1981).⑤Not to be used beyond the range of 1.4 - 7 kgf/cm2(140 - 700 kPA).⑥Set air filter regulator's supplied pressure 10% higher than actuator's spring rangepressure.Pipe Condition①Make sure inside of pipe is emptied.②Do not use pipeline that is squeezed or has hole.③To maintain flow rate, use the pipeline that has more than 6mm inner diameter.(10mm outer diameter)④Do not use extremely long pipeline system. It may affect flow rate due to thefriction inside of the pipeline.Piping connection with actuatorYT-1000 series single acting type is set to use OUT1 port. OUT1 port should be connected with supply pressure port from actuator when using single acting type of spring return actuator. For double acting type, the piping connection can be changedConnection - Power①Open terminal box cover.②Locate the poles and connect them properly. Make sure to fasten the connection.③Close back the terminal box cover. <Figure 15>Safety WarningYT-1000L designed under intrinsically safe procedures and restriction. However, intrinsically safe system can be damaged from electronic energies from other electronic devices. To avoid any system damages, please read the following.z Differentiate intrinsically safe type circuit with other types of circuit clearly.z Apply proper protection device to reduce frictions.z If possible, minimize the use of inductance and capacitance. If they must be used, set the devices at lower level than the maximum level.z Protect the wires from damages.zConnection - Ground① Open positioner's body cover.②properly. <Figure 16>AdjustmentAdjustment - Zero Point①and system must be taken account. Please refer to<Figure 17> for increase/decrease of the zero point.②When single acting actuator with spring is used, please check if the pressure levelwhich is indicated on the positioner is same to the supplied pressure level.Adjustment - Span①towards '-' direction. <Figure 18>②until both points are properly set.③Adjustment - A/M Switch (Auto/Manual)①A/M switch adjusts the valve operation toautomatic or manual.②When produced, YT-1000L is set at"A(Automatic)". If user prefers the positioner'ssetting as "M(Manual)," the setting can be<Figure 19>③If it is set as "M(Manual)", the air pressure will besupplied to the actuator directly. Always set backto "A(Automatic)" after setting change.④actuator is used, A/M Switch will not operate. <Figure 19>Adjustment - Seat Adjuster①Seat Adjuster is set according to the customer's request before the positioner isdelivered. Please do not adjust the Seat Adjuster.②Seat Adjuster is used for double acting actuator always and adjusted when theAdjustment - Orifice①If the size of actuator is too small relative to the flow rate, positioner can havehunting. In order to avoid hunting, orifice can be used. There are three types of the orifice.Actuator Size Orifice Size Suffix Symbol90 cm3less∅1190 ~ 180 cm3∅22180 cm3more none3②Remove the o-ring from OUT1 and OUT2 port and insert appropriate orifice. AfterTROUBLESHOOTING▶ Positioner does not respond to the input signal.(1)Check supply pressure level. The lever must be at least 1.4 kgf/cm2. Forspring-return type of actuator, the supply pressure level has to be larger than the spring's specification.(2)Check if input signal is properly supplied to the positioner. The signal should be4~20mA DC.(3)Check if zero point or span point is properly set.(4)Check if the positioner's nozzle has been blocked. Also, check if the pressure issupplied to the positioner and the pressure is being exhausted through the nozzle.If the nozzle has been block by any substances, please send the product forrepair.(5)Check if feedback lever has been installed properly.▶ The pressure of OUT1 reaches exhausting pressure level and does not come back down.(1)Check A/M Switch. If the switch has been damaged, replace the switch or pilotrelay valve.(2)Check for a gap or damages between the nozzle and the flapper. If damaged,please send the product to YTC for repair.▶ The pressure is exhausted only by A/M Switch.(1)Check if the positioner's nozzle has been blocked. Also, check if the pressure issupplied to the positioner and the pressure is being exhausted through the nozzle.If the nozzle has been blocked by any substances, please send the product toYTC for repair.▶ Hunting occurs.(1)Check if safety spring has been displaced. (Next to Pilot relay valve)(2)Check if the size of actuator is too small. If so, insert an orifice in order toreduce the pressure flow rate.(3)Check if there is any friction between the valve and the actuator. If so, increaseactuator's size or reduce the friction level.▶ Actuator only operates by On/Off.(1)Check actuator and positioner's acting type. Air pressure exhausts fromYT-1000L's OUT1 port as input signal level increases. Therefore, it is standard to connect to OUT1 port when single actuator is used. Make sure the spanadjustment is properly set according to the valve system.▶ Linearity is too low.(1)Check if positioner is properly positioned. Especially check if the feedback lever isparallel to the ground at 50% point.(2)Check if zero and span point have been properly adjusted. If either one of valuesis being adjusted, another one must be re-adjusted as well.(3)Check if supply air pressure level is stable from the regulator. If the level isunstable, the rgulator must be replaced.▶ Hysteresis is too low.(1)In case of double acting actuator, check if seat adjustment has been properlyperformed. Please contact YTC for any further inquiries regarding the seatadjustment.(2)Backlash can occur when the feedback lever and lever spring are loosen. Toavoid backlashing, please adjust the lever spring.(3)Check if the connection bar to the feedback lever is tightly fastened.Young Tech Co., LtdAddress:#662-8 Pungmu-Dong, Gimpo-City, Kyunggi-Do, South KoreaTelephone: +82-31-986-8545Fax: +82-31-986-2683Website: http://www.ytc.krUser Manual and other information on the documents are subjected to change without any notice. Please visit website for most updated information. Printed Date: June, 2007。

4-1415899-9SCHRACK Power PCB Relay RZ, Power Relays, Standard, Monostable, DC, 300 –400mW Coil Power Rating Class, 400mW Coil Power Rating DC01/10/2021 11:09PM | Page 1 For support call+1 800 522 6752Relays, Contactors & Switches>Relays>Power Relays>PCB Power Relay: 12-16 Amp, MonostableCoil Resistance:360 ΩCoil Power Rating DC:400 mWCoil Power Rating Class:300 – 400 mWCoil Magnetic System:Monostable, DCPower Relay Type:StandardAll PCB Power Relay: 12-16 Amp, Monostable (86)FeaturesProduct Type FeaturesPower Relay Type StandardElectrical CharacteristicsInsulation Initial Dielectric Between Coil & Contact Class4000 – 5000 VInsulation Initial Dielectric Between Open Contacts1000 VrmsContact Limiting Making Current30 AInsulation Creepage Class8 mmContact Limiting Continuous Current16 AInsulation Initial Dielectric Between Contacts & Coil5000 VrmsInsulation Creepage Between Contact & Coil10 mm[.394 in]Contact Limiting Breaking Current16 ACoil Magnetic System Monostable, DCCoil Power Rating Class300 – 400 mWCoil Power Rating DC400 mWCoil Resistance360 ΩCoil Special Features UL Coil Insulation Class FCoil Voltage Rating12 VDCContact Switching Voltage (Max)400 VACContact Voltage Rating250 VAC4-1415899-9 ACTIVESCHRACKTE Internal #:4-1415899-9SCHRACK Power PCB Relay RZ, Power Relays, Standard,Monostable, DC, 300 – 400mW Coil Power Rating Class, 400mWCoil Power Rating DCView on >SCHRACK Power PCB Relay RZ|Contact Voltage Rating250 VACBody FeaturesInsulation Special Features Tracking Index of Relay Base PTI250Product Weight10 g[.353 oz]Contact FeaturesContact Arrangement 1 Form A (NO)Contact Current Class10 – 20 A, 16 AContact Current Rating (Max)16 AContact Material AgSnO2Contact Number of Poles1Terminal Type PCB-THTMechanical AttachmentRelay Mounting Type Printed Circuit BoardDimensionsLength Class (Mechanical)25 – 30 mmInsulation Clearance Class8 mmHeight Class (Mechanical)15 – 16 mmInsulation Clearance Between Contact & Coil10 mm[.394 in]Width Class (Mechanical)12 – 16 mmProduct Width12.7 mm[.5 in]Product Length29 mm[1.142 in]Product Height15.7 mm[.618 in]Usage ConditionsEnvironmental Ambient Temperature (Max)85 °C[185 °F]Environmental Category of Protection RTIIPackaging FeaturesPackaging Method Carton, TubeProduct ComplianceFor compliance documentation, visit the product page on >EU RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU CompliantEU ELV Directive 2000/53/EC CompliantChina RoHS 2 Directive MIIT Order No 32, 2016No Restricted Materials Above Threshold01/10/2021 11:09PM | Page 2 For support call+1 800 522 675201/10/2021 11:09PM | Page 3For support call+1 800 522 6752China RoHS 2 Directive MIIT Order No 32, 2016No Restricted Materials Above Threshold EU REACH Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006Current ECHA Candidate List: JUN 2020 (209)Candidate List Declared Against: JUL 2019 (201)SVHC > Threshold:Not Yet ReviewedHalogen ContentNot Low Halogen - contains Br or Cl > 900 ppm.Solder Process CapabilityWave solder capable to 265°CProduct Compliance DisclaimerThis information is provided based on reasonable inquiry of our suppliers and represents our current actual knowledge based on the information they provided. This information is subject to change. The part numbers that TE has identified as EU RoHS compliant have a maximum concentration of 0.1% by weight in homogenous materials for lead, hexavalent chromium, mercury, PBB, PBDE, DBP, BBP, DEHP, DIBP, and 0.01% for cadmium, or qualify for an exemption to these limits as defined in the Annexes of Directive 2011/65/EU (RoHS2). Finished electrical and electronic equipment products will be CE marked as required by Directive 2011/65/EU. Components may not be CE marked. Additionally, the part numbers that TE has identified as EU ELV compliant have a maximum concentration of 0.1% by weight in homogenous materials for lead, hexavalent chromium, and mercury, and 0.01% for cadmium, or qualify for an exemption to these limits as defined in the Annexes of Directive 2000/53/EC (ELV). Regarding the REACH Regulation, the information TE provides on SVHC in articles for this part number is based on the latest European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) ‘Guidance onrequirements for substances in articles’ posted at this URL: https://echa.europa.eu/guidance-documents/guidance-on-reachPower Relays(99)TE Part #4-2158000-2RZ03-1A3-D012-RCompatible PartsAlso in the Series SCHRACK Power PCB Relay RZCustomers Also Bought01/10/2021 11:09PM | Page 4For support call+1 800 522 6752TE Part #1-1649328-0RT314005TE Part #3-644470-202P MTA156 CONN ASSY 20AWG LFTE Part #180908-1FF 250 TAB HSG 2P NYLON REDTE Part #87003-2MOD I RECP STMPDTE Part #2176315-7MELF SMA_A 330R 0.1% 15PPM 0204 0.4WTE Part #2337243-1TACT MINI JB 5.2X5.2X1.5 70GFTE Part #4-2176328-3CRGP 1206 33K 1%TE Part #2340321-1ASSY STRADDLE MOUNT 168P 062 SLIVER 2.0TE Part #2-1879378-7Metal Chip Resistor: Current SenseTE Part #2-1415899-8PCB Power Relay: 12-16 Amp, MonostableDocumentsCAD Files3D PDF3DCustomer View ModelENG_CVM_CVM_4-1415899-9_A.2d_dxf.zipEnglishCustomer View ModelENG_CVM_CVM_4-1415899-9_A.3d_igs.zipEnglishCustomer View ModelENG_CVM_CVM_4-1415899-9_A.3d_stp.zipEnglishBy downloading the CAD file I accept and agree to the of use.Terms and Conditions Datasheets & Catalog PagesLighting Relays GuideEnglishPower PCB Relay RZ DatasheetEnglishIndustrial Relays Quick Reference GuideEnglishIndustrial Relays Quick Reference GuideEnglishIndustrial Relays Quick Reference GuideJapaneseIndustrial Relays Quick Reference GuideSchrack Power PCB Relay RZ Series flyer (Chinese)Product SpecificationsDefinitions RelaysEnglishAgency ApprovalsVDE CertificateEnglish01/10/2021 11:09PM | Page 5 For support call+1 800 522 6752。

QUICK GUIDE GC553English NederlandsDeutsch MagyarEspañol TürkçeFrançais PусскийItalianoภาษาไทยPortuguês繁體中文Polski简体中文Čeština한국어DisclaimerAll pictures contained in this documentation are example images only. The images may vary depending on the product and software version. Information presented in this documentation has been carefully checked for reliability; however, no responsibility is assumed for inaccuracies. The information contained in this documentation is subject to change without notice.Copyright and Trademark Information© 2018 by AVerMedia Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication, in whole or in part, may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, altered or translated into any language in any form by any means without the written permission of AVerMedia Technologies, Inc. Information and specification contained in this manual are subject to change without notice and do not represent a commitment on the part of AVerMedia.For more information, please visit .AVerMedia and RECentral are trademarks or registered trademarks of AVerMedia Technologies, Inc.HeadquartersAddress No.135, Jian 1st Rd., Zhonghe Dist., New Taipei City 23585, TaiwanWebsite Support /gaming/technical_supportTelephone +886-2-2226-3630US OfficeAddress 47358 Fremont Blvd., Fremont, CA 94538, United StatesWebsite Telephone +1 (510) 403 0006Head Office EU (AVT Solutions GmbH)Address Hanauer Landstrasse 291 B, 60314 Frankfurt Hessen, GermanyWebsite /gaming/inquiry國際總部地址 23585 新北市中和區建一路 135 號網址 支援 /gaming/contact_us電話 +886-2-2226-3630中国子公司地址 上海市静安区武宁南路 488 号智慧广场 1510 室网址 电话 +86-21-52987985Important Safety Instructions1. Read these instructions.2. Keep these instructions.3. Follow all instructions.4. Heed all warnings.5. Do not use the apparatus on uneven or unstable surfaces.6. Do not use this apparatus in a wet environment or near water.7. Unplug the apparatus before cleaning. Clean only with a dry cloth.8. Use in a well ventilated environment. Do not block any ventilation openings.9. Use the apparatus within ambient temperatures 32–104°F (0–40°C).10. Use power sources within the specified voltage range.11. Do not place heavy objects on the apparatus.12. Do not install near heat sources such as radiators or stoves.13. Do not defeat the safety purposes of the polarized or grounding-type plug.14. Protect the power cord from being walked on or pinched, particularly where the cord connectswith plugs or adapters.15. Only use the attachments and accessories specified by the manufacturer.16. Unplug this apparatus during lightning or when unused for prolonged periods of time.17. Do not modify or disassemble the apparatus in any way.18. Refer all servicing to AVerMedia Customer Service.19. Do not dispose the apparatus as general household waste. Dispose in accordance with localenvironmental laws.重要安全說明1. 仔細閱讀這些說明。

2019年12月英语四级考试真题试卷附答案(第3套)Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to study in China. Please recommend a university to him. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)说明：由于2019年12月四级考试全国共考了两套听力, 本套真题听力与前两套内容相同, 只是选项顺序不同, 因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.When travelling overseas, do you buy water in plastic bottles or take your chances with tap water? Imagine you are wandering about on a Thai island or __26__ the ruins of Angkor. It's hot so you grab a bottle of water from a local vendor. It's the safe thing to do, right? The bottle is __27__ , and the label says "pure water". But maybe what's inside is not so __28__ . Would you still be drinking it if you knew that more than 90 percent of all bottled water sold around the world __29__ microplastics?That's the conclusion of a recently __30__ study, which analysed 259 bottles from 11 brands sold in nine countries,__31__ an average of 325 plastic particles per litre of water. These microplastics included a __32__ commonly known as PET and widely used in the manufacture of clothing and food and __33__ containers. The study was conducted at the State University of New York on behalf of Orb Media, a journalism organisation. About a million bottles are bought every minute, not only by thirsty tourists but also by many of the 2.1 billion worldwide who live with unsafe drinking water.Confronted with this __34__ , several bottled-water manufacturers including Nestle and Coca-Cola undertook their own studies using the same methodology. These studies showed that their water did contain microplastics, but far less than the Orb study suggested. Regardless, the World Health Organisation has launched a review into the __35__ health risks of drinking water from plastic bottles.A) adequate E) evidence I) natural M) sealedB) admiring F) instant J) potential N) solvesC) contains G) liquid K) released O) substanceD) defending H) modified L) revealingSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The quiet heroism of mail deliveryA)On Wednesday, a polar wind brought bitter cold to the Midwest. Overnight, Chicago reached a low of 21degrees Fahrenheit below zero, making it slightly colder than Antarctica, Alaska, and the North Pole. Wind chills were 64 degrees below zero in Park Rapids, Minnesota, and 45 degrees below zero in Buffalo, North Dakata, according to the National Weather Service. Schools, restaurants, and business closed, and more that 1000 flights were canceled.B) Even the United States Postal Service (USPS) suspended mail delivery."Due to this arctic outbreak and concerns for the safety of USPS employees," USPS announced Wednesday morning, "the Postal Service is suspending delivery Jan.30 in some 3-digit ZIP Code locations." Twelve regions were listed as unsafe on Wednesday; on Thursday, eight remained.C) As global surface temperatures increase, so does the likelihood of extreme weather.In2018 alone, wildfires, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, mudslides, and other natural disasters cost at least $49 billion in the United States. As my colleague Vann Newkirk reported, Puerto Rico is still confronting economic and structural destruction and resource scarcity from2017'sHurricane Maria. Natural disasters can wreck a community's infrastructure, disrupting systems for months or years. Some services, however, remind us that life will eventually return, in some form, to normal.D) Days after the deadly 2017 wildfires in Santa Rosa, California, a drone (无人机) caught footage (连续镜头) of a USPS worker, Trevor Smith, driving through burned homes in that familiar white van, collecting mail in an affected area. The video is striking: The operation is familiar, but the scene looks like the end of the world. According to Rae Ann Haight, the program manager for the national-preparedness office at USPS, Smith was fulfilling a request made by some of the home owners to pick up any mail that was left untouched. For Smith, this was just another day on the job. "I followed my route like I normally do," Smith told are porter. "As I came across a box that was up but with no house, I checked, and there was mail--outgoing mail -- in it. And so I picked those up and carried on."E) USPS has sophisticated emergency plans for natural disasters. Across the country,285 emergency-management teams are devoted to crisis control. These teams are trained annually using a framework known as the three Ps: people, property, product. After mail service stops due to weather, the agency's top priority is ensuring that employees are safe. Then it evaluates the health of infrastructure, such as the roads that mail carriers drive on. Finally, it decides when and how to re-open operations. If the destruction is extreme, mail addressed to the area will get sent elsewhere. In response to Hurricane Katrina in 2005, USPS redirected incoming New Orleans mail to existing mail facilities in Houston. Mail that was already processed in New Orleans facilities was moved to an upper floor so it would be protected from water damage.F) As soon as it's safe enough to be outside, couriers (邮递员) start distributing accumulated mail on the still-accessible routes. USPS urges those without standing addresses to file change-of-address forms with their new location. After Hurricane Katrina hit in 2005, mail facilities were set up in dozens of locations across the country in the two weeks that USPS was unable to provide street delivery.G) Every day, USPS processes, on average, 493.4 million pieces of mail -- anything from postcards to Social Security checks to medicine. Spokespeople from both USPS and UPS told me all mail is important. But some mail can be extremely sensitive and timely. According to data released in January 2017, 56 percent of bills are paid online, which means that just under half of payments still rely on delivery services to be completed.H) It can be hard to identify which parcels are carrying crucial items such as Social Security checks, but USPS and UPS try their best to prioritize sensitive material. They will coordinate with the Social Security Administration to make sure that Social Security checks reach the right people in a timely fashion. After Hurricane Florence and Hurricane Michael last fall, USPS worked with state and local election boards to make sure that absentee ballots were available and received on time.I) Mail companies are logistics (物流) companies, which puts them in a special position to help when disaster strikes. In a 2011 USPS case study, the agency emphasized its massive infrastructure as a "unique federal asset" to be called upon in a disaster or terrorist attack. "I think we're unique as a federal agency," USPS official Mike Swigart told me, "because we're in literally every community in this country... We're obligated to deliver to that point on a daily basis."J) Private courier companies, which have more dollars to spend, use their expertise in logistics to help revitalize damaged areas after a disaster. For more than a decade, FedEx has supported the American Red Cross in its effort to get emergency supplies to areas affected by disasters, both domestically and internationally. In 2012, the company distributed morethan1,200 MedPacks to Medical Reserve Corps groups in California. They also donated space for 3.1 million pounds of charitable shipping globally. Last October, the company pledged $1 million in cash and transportation support for Hurricanes Florence and Michael. UPS'scharitable arm, the UPS Foundation, uses the company's logistics to help disaster-struck areas rebuild. "We realize that as a company with people, trucks, warehouses, we needed to play a larger role," said Eduardo Martinez, the president of the UPS Foundation. The company employs its trucks and planes to deliver food, medicine, and water. The day before I spoke to Martinez in November, he had been touring the damage from Hurricane Michael in Florida with the American Red Cross. "We have an obligation to make sure our communities are thriving," he said.K) Rebuilding can take a long time, and even then, impressions of the disaster may still remain. Returning to a normal life can be difficult, but some small routines -- mail delivery being one of them -- may help residents remember that their communities are still their communities. "When they see that carrier back out on the street," Swigart said, "that's the first sign to them that life is starting to return to normal."36.The United States Postal Service has a system to ensure its employees' safety.37. One official says USPS is unique in that it has more direct reach to communities compared with other federal agencies.38. Natural disasters can have a long-lasting impact on community life.39. Mail delivery service is still responsible for the completion of almost half of payments.40. The sight of a mailman on the street is a reassuring sign of life becoming normal again.41. After Hurricane Katrina interrupted routine delivery, temporary mail service points were setup.42. Postal service in some regions in the U.S. was suspended due to extreme cold weather.43. Private postal companies also support disaster relief efforts by distributing urgent supplies.44. A dedicated USPS employee was on the job carrying out duties in spite of extreme conditions.45. Postal services work hard to identify items that require priority treatment.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Professor Ashok Goel of Georgia Tech developed an artificially intelligent teaching assistant to help handle the enormous number of student questions in the online class, Knowledge-Based Artificial Intelligence. This online course is a core requirement of Georgia Tech's online Master of Science in Computer Science program. Professor Goel already had eight teaching assistants, but that wasn't enough to deal with the overwhelming number of daily questions from students.Many students drop out of online courses because of the lack of teaching support. When students feel isolated or confused and reach out with questions that go unanswered, their motivation to continue begins to fade. Professor Goel decided to do something to remedy this situation and his solution was to create a virtual assistant named Jill Watson, which is based on the IBM Watson platform.Goel and his team developed several versions of Jill Watson before releasing her to the online forums. At first, the virtual assistant wasn't too great. But Goel and his team sourced the online discussion forum to find all the 40,000 questions that had ever been asked since the class was launched. Then they began to feed Jill with the questions and answers. After some adjustments and sufficient time, Jill was able to answer the students' questions correctly 97% of the time. The virtual assistant became so advanced and realistic that the students didn't know she was a computer. The students, who were studying artificial intelligence, were interacting with the virtual assistant and couldn't tell it apart from a real human being. Goel didn't inform them about Jill's true identity until April 26. The students were actually very positive about the experience.The goal of Professor Goel's virtual assistant next year is to take over answering 40% of all the questions posed by students on the online forum. The name Jill Watson will, of course, change to something else next semester. Professor Goel has a much rosier outlook on the futureof artificial intelligence than, say, Elon Musk, Stephen Hawking, Bill Gates or Steve Wozniak.46.What do we learn about Knowledge-Based Arificial Itelligence?A) It is a robot that can answer students' questions.B) It is a course designed for students to learn online.C) It is a high-tech device that revolutionizes teaching.D) It is a computer program that aids student learning.47.What problem did Professor Goel meet with?A) His students were unsatisfied with the assistants.B) His course was too difficult for the students.C) Students' questions were too many to handle.D) Too many students dropped out of his course.48.What do we learn about Jill Watson?A) She turned out to be a great success.B) She got along pretty well with students.C) She was unwelcome to students at first.D) She was released online as an experiment.49.How did the students feel about Jill Watson?A) They thought she was a bit too artificial.B) They found her not as capable as expected.C) They could not but admire her knowledge.D) They could not tell her from a real person.50. What does Professor Goel plan to do next with Jill Watson?A) Launch different versions of her online.B) Feed her with new questions and answers.C) Assign her to answer more of students' questions.D) Encourage students to interact with her more freely.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Thinking small, being engaging, and having a sense of humor don't hurt. Those are a few of the traits of successful science crowdfunding efforts that emerge from a recent study that examined nearly 400 campaigns. But having a large network and some promotional skills may be more crucial.Crowdfunding, raising money for a project through online appeals, has taken off in recent years for everything from making movies to producing water-saving gadgets. Scientists have tried to tap Internet donors, too, with mixed success. Some raised more than twice their goals, but others have fallen short of reaching even modest targets.To determine what separates science crowdfunding triumphs from failures, a team led by science communications scholar Mike Sch?fer of the University of Zurich examined the content of the webpages for 371 recent campaigns.Four traits stood out for those that achieved their goals, the researchers report in Public Understanding of Science. For one, they use a crowdfunding platform that specializes in raising money for science, and not just any kind of project. Although sites like Kickstarter take all comers, platforms such as and only present scientific projects. For another, they present the project with a funny video because good visuals and a sense of humor improved success. Most of them engage with potential donors, since projects that answered questions from interested donors fared better. And they target a small amount of money. The projects included in the study raised $4,000 on average, with 30% receiving less than $1,000. The more money a project sought, the lower the chance it reached its goal, the researchers found.Other factors may also significantly influence a project's success, most notably, the size of a scientist's personal and professional networks, and how much a researcher promotes a project on their own. Those two factors are by far more critical than the content on the page. Crowdfunding can be part of researchers' efforts to reach the public, and people give because "they feel a connection to the person" who is doing the fundraising—not necessarily to the science.50.What do we learn about the scientists trying to raise money online for their projects?A) They did not raise much due to modest targets.B) They made use of mixed fundraising strategies.C) Not all of them achieved their anticipated goals.D) Most of them put movies online for the purpose.51.What is the purpose of Mike Schafer' s research of recent crowdfunding campaigns?A) To create attractive content for science websites.B) To identify reasons for their different outcomes.C) To help scientists to launch innovative projects.D) To separate science projects from general ones.52.What trait contributes to the success of a crowdfiunding campaign?A) The potential benefit to future generations.B) Its interaction with prospective donors.C) Its originality in addressing financial issues.D) The value of the proposed project.53.What did the researchers think of the financial targets of crowdfunding projects?A) They should be small to be successful.B) They should be based on actual needs.C) They should be assessed with great care.D) They should be ambitious to gain notice.55. What motivates people to donate in a crowdfunding campaign?A) The ease of access to the content of the webpage.B) Their desire to contribute to the cause of science.C) The significance and influence of the project itself.D) Their feeling of connection to the scientists themselves.Part IV Translation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国的家庭观念与其文化传统有关。