第 1 页 Unit8 Adventure-语法篇
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1、认识，理解并掌握现在完成进行时
2、辨析现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别
3、熟悉现在完成时和相关的时间状语
一、课时重点
1. 我们用现在完成进行时表示：
过去开始的反复或正在进行的动作。例如：
I've been going everywhere by bike for the last two years.
最近的过去开始的对现在有影响的动作。例如：
He's been doing his science project all night。（that's why he is so sleepy now）
形式：
现在完成进行时的构成是：主语+have/has+been+doing
You have been studying very hard.
Has Steve been complaining about it?
2. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时的辨析：
我们用现在完成时描述一个完成的动作（成果），用现在完成进行时谈论未完成的动作，例如：
I have read Hamlet （我已经读过了）
I have been reading Hamlet （我还没读完，一直在读）
现在完成时关注动作的结果，特别是谈到数字或数量时；现在完成进行时关注动作本身，特别是解释动作可见的结果时。例如：
He has run 3 miles. （强调跑完的距离）
He has been running for an hour. （强调动作和结果，如：过去的一个小时干了什么，以及现在为什么这么累）
3. 现在完成时和时间状语
现在完成时一般使用下列时间状语：before, ever, never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, just
其中，already用于陈述句中，一般放在have后；yet用于疑问和否定句中，通常放在句末。例如：
I have already repaired my bike.
Have you repaired your bike yet?
I haven't repaired my bike yet. 第 2 页 关于for和since
for用于说明动作的时间长度，例如：
I haven't seen him for ten years.
since用于说明动作的起点，例如：
I haven't seen him since 1990.
1. —I’m sorry, but I don’t quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20?
—Sorry, I________ myself clear. We want to return on October 20.
A．hadn’t made B．wouldn’t make C．don’t make D．haven’t made
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——抱歉，我不太明白你的意思。你刚才是说你们要在9月20日返回吗？——对不起，是我没有表述清楚。我们要在10月20日返回。本题考查动词的时态。根据句意可以看出“没有表述清楚”是当前的一种情况，是说话人做过的事情对现在的一种影响，D项是现在完成时，表明现在的情况和影响，符合题意。A项为过去完成时，B项表示过去常常，与语境不符；C项为一般现在时，表示通常情况下都如此，也不符合语境。
此题题干虽然不长，但是交代的信息是比较复杂的，从第一句可知在说话以前，后者可能说“我想在9月20日返回”，但是他自己不确定，所以追问，而后者由于自己表达不清楚而表示歉意，重点强调“我们想在10月20日返回”。这个微型的语境综合性很强，把时态的考查寓于巧妙的情景交际中。
2. We ________on this project for four hours. Let’s have a rest.
A. are working B. have been working C. worked D. had worked
【答案】B
【解祈】考查时态辨析。由“for four hours”可知，我们一直忙于这个项目有四个小时了，并且由后一句Let’s have a rest. 可知还没有最终完成这个项目，时态用现在完成进行时。The
project was begun four hours ago and we have been doing it since then. So we are very tired and
we need a rest badly，所以选项为B。
3. Shakespeare’s play Hamlet _________ into at least ten different films over the past years.
A. had been made B. was made C. has been made D. would be made
【答案】C
【解析】over the past years是现在完成时明显标志，考生可以直接入选。虽然翻译成“在过去的几年中”，但实际上还是指从过去截至到现在，也应该用现在完成时。
4. --- So what is the procedure?
--- All the applicants _________ before a final decision is made by the authority.
A. interview B. are interviewing
C. are interviewed D. are being interviewed
【答案】C 第 3 页 【解析】考查时态语态，首先是被采访，所以只能选C和D，根据句意判断，没有“正在被采访”的意思，所以排除D，选C。记住：进行时表动作正在进行一般都很形象，上下文语境中通常有标志性词，如hurry up、look、listen等，再者就是用进行来表示语气情感加强，如麦当劳的广告语“I’m loving it”，译为“我就喜欢”。
5.Now that we ____ all the money, it's no use turning on me and saying it's all my fault.
A. had lost B. lost C. have lost D. lose
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词的时态。根据句子的意思，表示发生在过去的动作对现在所产生的影响，所以应该用现在完成时。此句的意思是“由于我把所有的钱都丢失了，所以再开始说是我的过错也就没有意义了”。
基础演练
一. 单选
1. The twins, who their homework, were allowed to play badminton on the playground.
A. will finish B. finish C. have finished D. had finished
2. ---Hi, let‘s go skating.
--- Sorry, I‘m busy right now. I ___ in an application form for a new job.
A. fill B. have filled C. am filling D. will fill
3. Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves _______ half an hour.
A. by B. in C. for D. until
4. --- What time is it?
--- I have no idea. But just a minute, I ______ it for you.
A. check B. checked C. will check D. would check
5. I found the lecture hard to follow because it _______ when I arrived.
A. started B. was starting C. would start D. had started
6. Unless extra money____, the theatre will close.
A. was found B. finds C. is found D. found
7. The reports went missing in 2019 and nobody ______ them since.
A. sees B. saw C. has seen D. had seen
8. —Haven't seen you for ages! Where have you been?
—I went to Ningxia and .
A. stayed B. stay C. had stayed D. am staying
9. Since the time humankind started gardening, we _____to make our environment more beautiful.
A. try B. have been trying C. are trying D. will try
10. Whenever you a present, you should think about it from the receiver‘s point of view.
A. bought B. have bought C. will buy D. buy
巩固提高
