北京大学博士生考试基础词汇汇总
Abandon The match was abandoned because of bad weather.
ban abolish abort cancel cross out wipe out put off delay
desert/forsake/ leave / cease / depart / discard / relinquish / surrender /quit/ withdraw /give up
abide We have to abide by the rules of the game. (abide observe discover adapt)
Her fame will abide for sure. Last/endure/ continue/persist/remain/stay
You have to keep ______ with the times.
Abreast/up catch up with go along with fit in with
absorb He was absorbed in a book and didn't hear you call.
engage/occupy/bend over/involve/be busy with
Abundant/rich The rivers and forests of the New World were abundant in fish and game
access In many schools, students don't have sufficient access to the library.
Way/approach/solution/answer/
Accessible/available/handy/ready/convenient/obtainable/at hand
His words are never in _____ with his deeds. (situation accordance according fit)
I'm in agreement with Mr. Moore. in agreement with/ be compatible with /comply with /conform to/be in proportion to
account He asked no one's advice; he did it on his own (account).independently
You have to take everything into account/consideration. Attention/regard/respect/mind
Give us an account of what happened. Story/reason/information/description/tale/statement
He has been asked to account for his absence. ( describe tell relate answer for say explain explicate)
acquire to acquire a good knowledge of English. Attain/obtain/gain/earn/secure
active He is very active in politics.
Energetic/spirited/lively/dynamic/excited/enthusiastic
adapt To our delight, she quickly adapted (herself) to the situation.
Adjust/a ccommodate/alter/vary/arrange/modify/make fit
accustom She is ______to living in comfort. (accustomed/used addict be familiar with)
admit It will take you half an hour to get to the station, allowing for traffic delays.
(allow/admit/accept/permit/receive/confess/ acknowledge/adopt)
adequate Their earnings are barely adequate to their needs.
enough/sufficient/satisfactory/plenty/ample
advantage The great advantage we have over them is that they are short of money.
Benefit/gain/upper hand interest/profit/harvest/crop/earnings/returns
Aim His aim is to win the game.
Purpose/intention/goal/end/target/objective/motive/destination
Amass He amassed a great fortune in twenty years.
Accumulate/assemble/gather/increase/collect/compile/heap up/store up
Mass/bulk/quantity/load/amount/volume/accumulation/pile/heap/crowd/multitude/pack/gang Figure/digit/measure
ambitious These young men were ambitious for success and money.
Eager for/longing for/ hopeful for/wish for/crave for/be set on/be bent on/be intent upon
amount His debt now amounts to 1,000 pounds.
Add up to/approximate/total/sum up
The future of her marriage is supposed to be decided by the amount of money.
sum/measure/quantity/price/value
angle Try looking at this affair from a different angle. aspect
/view/point of view/opinion/belief/attitude/impression/notion/ idea/thought/conception/judgment theory/outlook
announce He had to announce the death of Johnson before the board.
Proclaim/broadcast/report/state/declare/notify/tell/make known
anticipate A good general can anticipate what the enemy will do.
expect/ look forward to/await/foresee/hope for
anything The hotel is anything but satisfactory. Not at all
The apparent things might not tell of the truth.
apparent obvious seeming evident clear plain
apart Apart from his nose, he is quite good-looking.
Apart from the injuries to his face and hands, he broke both legs.
Except for / other than /but / but for / besides/moreover/also/too/as well/in addition
He was appointed member of the committee.
Name/elect/nominate/choose/assign/vote for
appeal I appeal to him for help. implore/plead/beg
apply Please apply to the secretary for further information.
The rules of safe driving apply to everyone.
approve Many people don't approve of the plan. disapprove
like/prefer/endorse/accept/think well of
arise The company's losses this year arise almost entirely from the new taxes.
Rise raise rouse arouse arise
Originate/ derive/stem/ flow/come/emerge/appear/show up/turn up
artificial/artistic Her painting is a great artistic creation.
ashamed /shameful embarrassed/embarrassing frustrated/frustrating humiliated/humiliating Ashamed of having acted so rashly, David apologized to Amy for having accused him.
acquaint I'm sure Betsy is the girl whom you will be glad to get acquainted with.
associate/link / touch / join / unite / combine / connect /go with / run with /mingle with / relate
I assume that success is a sum of mistakes.
Assume think suppose presume suspect understand take for granted
assure I can assure you of my support.
confirm assure ensure insure convince guarantee pledge promise
You’ve got to attain the mastery of at least on foreign language.
Attain gain accomplish finish fulfill realize complete
attribute Jim attributes his success to hard work. owe ascribe
avoid You should avoid driving in the center of the town during the rush hour.
Avoid shun escape evade keep away from
The government has banned the used of chemical weapons.
Bar prohibit exclude forbid shut out block obstruct
bargain The dress is quite a bargain. bargain sale
basis On the basis of our sales forecasts we may begin to make a profit next year.
China has been following the foreign policy to develop relations with other countries on the basis of the five principles of peaceful co-existence.
ground foundation
Scientists say it may be five or ten years before it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.
As soon as before the second the minute the moment
You can’t blame all this on me.
He is the last one to blame for the accident.
Charge/accuse/indict/censure/criticize/condemn
board He paid 40 pounds for board and lodging. food /meals
board/ committee/ staff/ faculty/ crew/ team
boast You should not boast of your success. Brag show off
boom Production boomed.
Progress/increase/advance/thrive/gain/speed up/grow/swell/flourish/develop/prosper
brief It is a long letter, but in brief, he says "No". short
We are bound for London. Head make
The weather is bound to get better tomorrow. Likely going to
There are no bounds to his ambition. Limit confine restriction
call This situation_____________ for prompt action. (calls in calls at calls on calls for) They have called off their engagement.
She was calm when I told her of the terrible news.
Quiet/still/tranquil/serene/peaceful
We should not doubt his capability.
Capability/ability/skill/power/talent/capacity/competency/efficiency
Before you decide on a vocation, it might be a good idea to consult a few good friends.
Career job vocation trade calling work profession occupation
There is no reason why we should not carry on with it.
Carry on go on keep on continue work on be under way be in process
case In any case I shall return in a day or two. If even if for fear on condition
center She centered her attention on the problem.
Focus concentrate fix
charge The charge against him was severe.
Sentence/ accusation/ persecution/ guilt/trial/ condemnation/indict /judgment
Since the situation is changing, l et’s take some _____ measures to deal with it.
flexible changeable changing
If I had the choice, I would retire at thirty.
Selection/preference/option/alternative
No one came to claim for the horse, so the farmer decided to sell it.
cling She clung to the hope that he was still alive.
Stick adhere hold grasp
close The ceremony was brought to a close by the singing of the national anthem.
Listen closely and look closely, you’ll find it out.
A good employer gives hints to his or her employees without interfering with their creativity.
Tip information news wind message clue evidence sign proof key
combine Hydrogen combines with Oxygen to form water.
blend mix mingle fuse unite couple join
comment I'm afraid I can't comment on your work just yet. Remark
criticism judgment decision evaluation criterion standard remark
commit I cannot commit myself to any further expense; my means are stretched to the utmost as it is. Devote dedicate
Compare this with that, and you will see which is the better. Contrast
Poets have compared sleep to death.
She is lovely beyond compare.
comparison This one costs more but is really cheaper by comparison.
I have done little this year in comparison with what I did last year.
Comparable/comparative
compel We cannot compel you to do it, but we think you should.
Force oblige urge require drive press work hard on push prompt
He has formed a good habit.
Form/create/shape/develop/mold/compose/construct/design/devise/frame/arrange/build Assemble/manufacture/produce
Next year, Susan has to take three compulsory courses. Required
compose The committee was composed mainly of teachers and parents.
Consist of/ be made up of / contain / include/hold/cover/comprise
comprehensive /Comprehensible
She has a comprehensive grasp of the subject.
conscious She was not conscious of his presence in the room. Aware
Considerate/considerable It was very considerate of you to send me a Christmas card. Considerate/thoughtful/kind/sympathetic
Considerable/much/important/great/significant/powerful
contend I would contend that unemployment is our most serious social evil.
Argue/struggle/fight/quarrel
Our journey was slow because the train stopped continually at different villages.
continuously vs continually
convey Words cannot convey how delighted I am. express
cope Poor Mary! She has so much to cope with.
deal with live with be put up with tolerate endure bear stand be fed up with
correspond
This word in the English version corresponds to that phrase in the French one.
count Her opinion counts because of her experience.
Matter be of importance significant
Don’t count on a salary increase this year.
believe depended count confide rely depend bank
critical If you really understood the difficulties facing the government, you wouldn't be so critical of its spending reductions.
Crucial urgent pressing decisive
Ironic faultfinding picky fastidious sarcastic
cure This medicine should cure you of your cold.
Remind relieve inform deprive rob break
It is not my custom to give in.
Custom habit use practice manner way pattern tendency fashion routine nature
The damage to the house caused by the storm took several days to repair.
destruction damage harm ruin injury bruise impact spoil wrong pain agony distress grieve hurt impair abuse plague epidemic debris/trash/junk/rubbish
decline Steel production has been on the decline in these countries.
Diminish decrease fall drop dip sink reduce
deep They dived deep into the ocean.
She was deeply interested in classical music.
degree She has also affected but to a lesser degree. Extent
deem They deemed him innocent but failed to understand why he was lying.
Think/believe/consider/judge/assume/suppose/regard/ponder/contemplate/study/reflect/think over A good mastery of English demands patience and enthusiasm.
Demand/require/call for
deny They denied her the opportunity to see her father.
refuse decline rejects turn down
die She died of an illness; and he died a beggar.
The storms are dying down.
The noise of the car died away in the distance.
The members of the family had all died off.
This species has died out.
Can you describe what he looks like?
Describe/portray/illustrate/picture/characterize/represent/define/tell
They were determined that he make a big fortune in his forties.
Convinced/firm/sure/certain/resolute/serious
She was in his eyes a devoted mother.
Devoted/earnest/hearty/sincere/serious/zealous
The sewers discharge (their contents) into the sea.
Discharge/discard / cast way / do away with / dispose of / abandon / forsake / desert / give away/ throw away/cast off/get rid of
display We were amazed by the rich variety of commodities on display.
Her writings display natural talents.
Exhibit show indicate specify illustrate demonstrate expose present
distinct Mice are distinct form rats.
Different/unlike/varied/opposite/contrary/reverse/dissimilar
Long sentences are distinctive of Henry James’s later style.
Characteristic explicit definite candid unmistakable expressive direct
The light is so dim that I cannot distinguish one object from another.
distinguish tell separate divide
He is one of the most distinguished scholars in this field.
Distinguished/outstanding/famous/well-known/noted/popular/celebrated/honored/recognized
/prominent/important/superior
In the dark I could only discern the outline of the building.
Discern/see/make out/observe/perceive/recognize/know/understand/detect/spot/spy/behold
diverse There are people from diverse cultures at the party. different various comprehensive
He refused to disclose his name and address.
Disclose/uncover/reveal/show/expose/betray
They drew up the contract and presented it to the management.
The train drew in/into the station. pull
draw pull drag push heave lift haul
draw crawl creep linger on drag near be oncoming/ongoing
She drove her car into the forest.
Drive/steer/direct/conduct/handle/manage/run/work/operate/ride
Don’t discourage her; she is doing her best. Vs encourage
Discourage/prevent/hinder/disapprove/keep from/try to stop
The shoes are expensive but durable.
Durable/long-lasting/enduring/permanent/endless/solid/strong
It is your duty to go.
Duty/work/job/chore/assignment/charge/function/obligation/responsibility/office/role
Business/job/vocation/occupation/task/assignment/position/labor/industry/employment/effort
He is living an easy life now. comfortable
It is an economy to buy good shoes: they cost more, but they last much longer than cheap ones. economic/economical/economy
He went to a very good elementary school.
Elementary/fundamental/basic/primary/essential/simple/beginning/introductory/initial/primitive
Since 1975 the forty hour work week has been in effect.
The acid has no effect on the metal.
The new regulation does not go into effect until the first of March.
A sentence of ten years' imprisonment on a person of eighty is in effect a life sentence.
He is not likely to give effect to his threat.
effect force power practice
She encouraged him to take this examination.
Encourage/support/back up/urge/promote/sponsor/cheer/inspire
end Some plays are so successful that they run for years on end.
I must warn you that my patience is almost at an end.
I've warned you no end of times not to touch that machine.
I hope that everything will turn out all right in the end.
He had approached every friend and acquaintance for help in vain, and now he was at his wit's end.
We ended the diner up with fruit and coffee.
When the reception came to an end, they were reluctant to leave the hall.
The argument between the two men ended in a fight.
The government is determined to put an end to terrorism.
He's entitled to a pension, but he won't dream of retiring yet.
entitle qualify authorize enable sanction empower
The soldiers were equipped with the latest weapons.
equip provide
They have the exclusive right to do the advertisements for this company. inclusive
My wife has been exerting a lot of pressure on me to change my job.
exert practice exercise impose avail
He is one of the greatest contemporary writers.
Existing living contemporary lately—later---late---latter current recent
He must face up to the fact that he is no longer young. live face come
Devotion is essential for work.
Necessary/vital/fundamental/required/crucial/critical/important/fatal/indispensable
Compulsory/obligatory/imperative/urgent
Nothing is everlasting.
Forever/endless/perpetual/eternal/permanent/constant/infinite/continual/for good
The bird extended its wings in flight.
Stretch/lengthen/increase/expand/broaden/spread/enlarge/magnify
Her nose is a very attractive feature.
Feature/looks/appearance/characteristic/trait/mark
Are you in favor of women taking part in politics?
In the favor
The international situation is favorable to us. Advantageous
Panic swept through the swimmers as they caught sight of a huge shark approaching menacingly. Tension Excitement Fear Nervousness fuss ado chaos confusion turmoil riot
After Tom passed his driving test he filled in/out an application for his driving license.
The children hid in the house and ate their fill.
The price of vegetables fluctuates according to the weather.
wavers vibrates swings fluctuates hesitates quakes trembles shudders
There are fine distinctions between the two.
fine/minute/delicate/detailed/small/tiny/slight/insignificant
Michael found it difficult to get his British jokes across to American audience.
Understand comprehend catch on get
He gave a gift for my birthday.
Give/present/offer/bestow/donate/grant/contribute/award/provide/supply/deliver/deal out
/hand out/turn in
He had a good house, a good wife and a good job.
Good/desirable/right/appropriate/suitable/becoming/satisfying/decent
They grouped together in fours.
Arrange/assemble/organize/classify/sort/collect/grade/rank/value/evaluate/catorgerize/estimate
When he was young, he always _______ around and did not care about what was happening around him. Hang loaf loiter
hit She hit on a good title for her new novel. Come across
Her new film is quite a hit. success
The rent increase will hit the pockets of the poor. Affect
hold She held back, not knowing how to break the terrible news.
I think he is holding something back; he knows more that he admits.
She always holds to her convictions.
The forthcoming talks hold out the hope of real arms reduction.
Road works on the highway are holding up traffic.
There was something wrong with the traffic signal. Our bus was ______ for nearly half an hour.
A. held on
B. held back
C. held out
D. held up
identical This copy is identical with/to the ones you bought last week. the same as
If only I were rich!
Only if I am rich, I can do what I want.
Immoral vs amoral
He deserted his family and was called an immoral person by his neighbors.
It was he that initiated this project.
Initiate/launch/start/begin/pioneer/found/lead/head/break the ice
Incentive The fun of playing the game was a greater incentive than the prize. (excitement initiative motive entertainment)
We are in for trouble.
He know the ins and outs of the problem.
Privatization is thought to be beneficial in that it promotes competition.
A good teacher should be impartial to his students.
Impartial/impersonal/unbiased/neutral/disinterested/just/fairdetatched unconcerned indifferent
This car is inferior to the one I bought last year.
inferior superior senior junior similar prior
The author of the book has shown his remarkably keen insight into human nature.
intellect insight perception understanding comprehension wisdom intuition
No doubt, a trade mark pertains to a firm’s intangible assets.
intangible invisible
interfere /intervene If you interfere in /with other people's affairs, you will regret it.
He testified in court that he had seen the prisoner run out of the bank after it had been robbed.
testified witnessed justified identified notify specify
keep I can't understand you keeping a thing like that to yourself.
Please keep to the point --- we are running out of time.
I can’t keep up with all the changes in computer science.
If you want to fulfill your dream, you have to keep ______it. (to / up on)
Keep/have/hold/maintain/preserve/conserve/save/tend/protect/guard/sustain/uphold/bear/posess
They did not only lack water, they also lacked in courage.
Want/be in need/ fall short
large The dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.
By and large, the company has been good to me.
This is law and you can’t change as you wish.
Rule/principle/stamdard/formula/act/decree/regulation/legislation/lawmaking/resolution/statute
She saw a notice “ apartment to let”.
Let/rent/lease/charter/contract/agreement
She is the one that laid out the town.
He was laid off for his ill performance.
liable likely probable liable responsible accountable answerable
People who walk on the grass are liable to a fine of 5 dollars.
She liked the black dress and bought it although it was very expensive.
Like/prefer/fancy/take to/enjoy/care for/be fond of
The football match was televised live from the workers’ stadium.
alive live life lively living lovely
I am not sure of the exact location of the café.
Location/position/place/area/zone/territory/district/section/neighborhood/spot/site/situation Recent research has shed/cast/thrown new light on the causes of the disease.
The mansion was splendid.
Splendid/magnificent/grand/majestic/superb/exquisite/marvelous/wonderful
/glorious/imposing/impressive/brilliant/phenomenal/exceptional/remarkable/miraculous
I can’t make out what she wants.
The ship made for the open sea.
What are we to make of his behavior?
Nothing can make up for the loss of a life.
He has made it up with her.
A frequently cited example of the endangered species is the panda.
Mentioned quoted referred to
mood I am not in the ______ for joking. sentiment emotion mood feeling sentimentality sensation sense sensitivity
nerve My children are always getting on my nerves.
Can you really afford this amount?
Amount/sum/quantity/number/portion
A (large) number of problems have arisen.
The number of books stolen from the library is large.
The marks were below average.
Average/middle/medium/normal/ordinary/moderate/halfway/regular/usual
The method is ok; the problem is the procedure.
Method/way/approach/manner/means/fashion/style/procedure/process/course/plan/scheme/design/
The mutual benefit. Mutual/reciprocal/common/joint
observe You’ve got to ______ the laws of the land.
Abide by/follow/obey/comply with
occur Has it ever occurred to you that those twins are quite different from each other in many ways?
We can afford to overlook these minor offenses.
Overlook/neglect/forget/miss/ignore/skip/disregard/pass over
own Do you mean you have left her to do that on her own?
He’d like a car of his own.
Nobody owned up to the theft.
This is a painstaking effort. Careful
They walked the path every morning.
Path/route/line/road/track/trail/way/journey/excursion/voyage/trip
peculiar That way of speaking is peculiar to people in this small part of the country.
distinctive / typical/ characteristic/ representative/ special/ particular / unique / notable/ particular
The government gets a(n) ____ from taxes.
income revenue fund payment wages finance budget expenditure
persist It should be obvious to you that if you persist in bothering him, he will get angry with you.
I shall be very _____ if you could do me a favor.
pleasing pleasant grateful thankful pleased gracious generous
point She was just on the point of going away when Betty came in.
As I was in a hurry I asked him to come to the point at once.
There's no point in arguing further.
He made an excellent speech, and everything he said was to the point.
It is very rude to point at people in the street.
If/when it came to the point, would you sacrifice your job for your principles?
popular populous populated
A game that is very popular among/with these young swimmers is the underwater tricycle race.
The child showed great _______of mind by grabbing the falling baby.
courage calmness presence bravery boldness will
preside The chairman presided at/over the meeting last Friday.
Virtue will prevail over evil.
prevail triumph win
In private/ in secret / in person
Matters like this are best discussed in private.
They are privileged people in the society.
Privilege/ right/ liberty/ freedom/advantage/license/ honor
She gave him a prompt reply.
quick rapid fast prompt punctual instant immediate ready
The _______ of finding jobs this year are not so good. (expectation promises future prospects)
provided on condition save unless given suppose say
I will agree to go provided/providing that my expenses are paid.
put She’s put a tidy sum for her retirement.
They decided to put aside their differences.
She help her put the toys away.
She is putting radical proposals for the economic reform.
We had to put off our wedding until September.
We can put you up for the night.
I don’t know how she can put up with him/his cruelty to her.
Racial problems exist in everyday life.
Race/breed/people/fold/tribe/nation/culture
range scope extent His speech ranged over a number of topics.
Range/limit/distance/length/scope/extent/reach/field/sphere
reach All these were within the reach of the ordinary men.
Put that bottle of weed-killer out of the reach of the children.
He reached for his gun.
Her requirements are reasonable.
Reasonable/sensible/fair/logical/just/sound/rational/practical/realistic/justifiable
My favorite recreation is chess.
Recreation/amusement/entertainment/play/pleasure/enjoyment/relaxation/pastime/fun
They had to seed refuge from the storm.
Refuge/shelter/asylum/protection
I have registered for the English course.
Register/record/enroll/list/enter/sign/fill out a form
receive accept
I hear that John has _____ a new position at the travel agency.
red black A large number of American radio stations operate in the red.
regard Motion means change of position of an object in/with regard to the position of some other object or objects.
I have little information as regards his past.
She said nothing regarding your request.
Please give my sincere regards to all the members of your family.
Some people act regardless of what will happen afterwards.
They helped solve the problems in high ______ to the living conditions of the people. (attention regard intention stress)
relevant His age isn't relevant to whether he is a good teacher.
Reluctant Today black children in South Africa are still reluctant to study subjects from which they were effectively barred for so long. Unwilling
remedy The doctor soon found a remedy for the boy's illness.
Cure/heal/treat/mend/correct
respect With respect to your requests, we regret that we are unable to assist you in this matter. Respect/adore/appreciate/honor/admire/look up to/fall for/be crazy about
In this respect the film is a failure.
respectful respective respectable respected
Teams of rescue have been sent out ____ to look for the missing members of the crew.
His limp is the result of an accident.
Result/consequence/end/effect/outcome/fruit/produce/conclusion
risk He saved my life at the risk of losing his own.
He was ready to run(take) the risk of being taken prisoner by the enemy.
The future of the whole company is at risk.
Risk/chance/gamble/endanger/expose
They rose up against foreign invaders.
Rebel revolt riot
I’ve been on the run all day, and I am exhausted.
I ran across/into my old friend in Paris last week.
We are running out of time.
He ruled over his kingdom successfully for twenty years.
Rule/govern/control/dominate/head/lead/manage/direct/supervise/administer/order/instruct Guide/influence/handle/regulate
scale Synthetic rubbers are now being produced on a large scale.
scratch He threw away everything he had written and started the novel again from scratch.
I’ll have to see about getting the roof m ended.
We all went to the airport to see her off.
Her colleagues see her as the future prime minister.
Will you see to the arrangements for the next committee meeting?
I must set about packing now.
Her clear and elegant prose sets apart from most other journalists.
Let’s set aside my personal feelings.
She set out/forth at dawn.
He is set on going to university.
settle You should settle your affairs before you leave.
When are you going to marry and settle down.
Settle/decide/resolve/reconcile/mend
short All along he has been striving not to fall short of his parents' expectations. Things couldn’t be worse financially: in short, we are bankrupt.
Becoming a doctor requires years of training ----- there are really no short cuts.
He never allowed his children to go short of anything necessary for their education.
His real name was Thomas, but he was called Tom for short.
The country is short in known deposits of coal and iron.
The interviewer cut short his guest in mid-sentence.
spirit The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak.
I went back and found them in high/low spirits.
stock The sugar is out of stock.
They subjected the two suspects to a long and thorough interrogation.
We are subject to the law of the land.
Subject/topic/issue/question/problem/concern/test/plot/theme
sympathize We sympathize with him in his sufferings to a great extent.
sympathy Quite a number of people are in sympathy with you on that point.
attraction temptation
As always, I had to fight the _____ to take what she willingly offered.
Tempt/invite/attract/appeal/lure/seduce
thought On second thoughts, I am inclined to agree with you.
Electricity was at one time thought of as a kind of fluid.
trace Her fear of water can traced back to a childhood accident.
trade he traded in his car for a new model.
He grew very angry when he realized how he had been ____ out of his money.
trick deceive cheat betray fool
what he said is true.
True/real/actual/unmistaken/certain/valid/genuine/authentic/natural/legitimate
turn We came to an arrangement whereby the two of us took the young lady out by turns. He picked up all the books in turn and examined them.
I didn’t need my umbrella, as it/things turned out.
She turned a deaf ear to our warnings.
He was someone to whom you can turn in difficult times.
We arranged to meet at the cinema at 7:30, but she failed to turn up.
He tried to join the army and was __________ because of poor health.
(turned in turned down turned out turned to)
I don’t think she is the artistic type.
Type/kind/class/sort/species/variety/brand/character
Whatever he said is ultimate conclusion.
Ultimate/final/conclusive/decisive/eventual/last
Because of the flood, the land yielded nothing that autumn.
Yield/bear/produce/ provide/supply /surrender/submit
This company of soldiers had ______ no women among them, so you could imagine what they joked about. ( virtually virtuously virtual actual)
By the way, have you heard that George is emigrating to Australia?
In no way can teaching in school be separated from practice.
In a way his health is much improved, but he is still not really well.
We must not give way to their demands.
You can’t have everything your own way.
He has done nothing out the way yet.
The bridge ________ and the tank fell into the river. ( gave way gave to gave in gave up)
We’ll all take a vacation in the mountains as soon as I finish working on this project.
Part Two:Structure and Written Expression(20%) Directions:For each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked、Mark your choices on the Answer Sheet、 11. Whether the extension of consciousness is a “good thing”for human being is a question that a wide solution、 A.admits of B、requires of C、needs of D、seeks for 12.In a culture like ours, long all things as a means of control, it is sometimes a bit of a shock to be reminded that the medium is the message、 A.accustomed to split and divided B.accustomed to splitting and dividing C.accustomed to split and dividing D.accustomed to splitting and divided 13.Apple pie is neither good nor bad; it is the way it is used that determines its value、 A、at itself B、as itself C、on itself D、in itself 14. us earlier, your request to the full、 A、You have contacted…we could comply with B、Had you contacted…we could have complied with C、You had contacted…could we have complied with D、Have you contacted…we could comply with 15.The American Revolution had no medieval legal institutions to or to root out, apart from monarchy、 A、discard B、discreet C、discord D、disgorge 16、Living constantly in the atmosphere of slave, he became infected the unconscious their psychology、No one can shield himself such an influence、 A、on…by…at B、by…for…in C、from…in…on D、through…with…from 17、The effect of electric technology had at first been anxiety、Now it appears to create 、 A、bore B、bored C、boredom D、bordom 18、Jazz tends to be a casual dialogue form of dance quite in the receptive and mechanical forms of the waltz、 A、lacked B、lacking C、for lack of D、lack of 19、There are too many complains about society move too fast to keep up with the machine、 A、that have to B、have to C、having to D、has to 20、The poor girl spent over half a year in the hospital but she is now for it、 A、none the worse B、none the better C、never worse D、never better 21、As the silent film sound, so did the sound film color、 A、cried out for…cried out for B、cry out for…cry out for C、had cried out for…cried out for D、had cried out for…cry out for 22、While his efforts were tremendous the results appeared to be very 、 A、trigger B、meager C、vigor D、linger 23、Western man is himself being de-Westernized by his own speed-up, by industrial technology、 A、as much the Africans are detribalized B、the Africans are much being detribalized C、as much as the Africans are being detribalized D、as much as the Africans are detribalized 24、We admire his courage and self-confidence、 A、can but B、cannot only C、cannot but D、can only but 25、In the 1930’s, when millions of comic books were the young with fighting and killing, nobody seemed to notice that the violence of cars in the streets was more hysterical、
全国2011年7月高等教育自学考试 英语词汇学试题 课程代码：00832 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30 %) 1. Grammarians insist that a word be a __________ form that can function in a sentence. ( ) A. small B. large C. fixed D. free 2. In the earliest stage of English, the written form of a word should ________ that of the oral form. ( ) A. agree with B. disagree with C. be the same as D. be different from 3. ____________consists of technical terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas as in medicine, mathematics, etc. ( ) A. Terminology B. Jargon C. Slang D. Argot 4. Social, economic and political changes bring about such new words as the followings EXCEPT_________. ( ) A. fast food B. TV dinner C. Mao jackets D. Watergate 5. Reviving archaic words also contributes to the growth of English vocabulary. For instance, “loan”, which was prevalent in the thirteenth century, was replaced by “ __________ ” in American English. ( ) A. own B. let C. rent D. lend 6. If we say that Old English was a language of __________ endings, Middle English was one of leveled endings. ( ) A. full B. short C. long D. paralleled 00832# 英语词汇学试卷第1页共6页
北京大学考博英语模拟题14 Part ⅠVocabulary 1. The attack of the World Trade Center will leave a ______ impression on those who have witnessed the explosion. A.long B.forever https://www.doczj.com/doc/e413635369.html,sting D.lively 答案：C [解答] 本题空格处是说留下持久的印记。long的意思是“长期的”；forever的意思是“永远”；lasting的意思是“持久的”；lively的意思是“活泼的，逼真的”。四个选项中只有C项符合题意。 2. The magician picked out several persons ______ from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance. A.by accident B.on average C.on occasion D.at random 答案：D by accident偶然的。on average平均的。on occasion有时。at random随意的。 3. British hopes of a gold medal in the Olympic Games suffered ______ yesterday, when Hunter failed to qualify during the preliminary heats. A.a sharp set-back B.severe set-back C.a severe blown-up D.sharp blown-up
Unit 1 1.to have early memory（记忆）of 2.the entire previous history of humankind （人类） 3.due principally (chiefly) to 4.to rescue (save) civilization from 5.the dread (fearful) shadow of diseases 6.the conscience(良心) and concern of scientists 7.driving forces (动力) 8.to advance/stimulate (promote) health 9.the amplification (增大) of the virus 10.tissue culture (培养) 11.killed and live attenuated (减弱) vaccines 12.national immunization (免疫) days 13.monitoring (监测) methods 14.the worldwide eradication(elimination) of polio 15.little reason for complacency (自满) 16.microbial (微生物) enemies 17.temporary (暂时) victories 18.be adept (good, skillful) at developing new defenses 19.to facilitate (使便利) the spread of epidemics 20.political and economic mismanagement (管理不善) 21.the deprivation (poverty) of populations 22.to address (reduce) the largest disease burden 23.major scourges (灾祸) such as malaria and AIDS 24.in an interdisciplinary (跨学科的) way 25.talented (有才能的) young scientists 26.to underwrite (support) their mission 27.the stunning pace (speed, rate) of change 28.the potential, passion, and perception (洞察力) of scientists 29.need to be tapped (explored) 30.to address (meet, satisfy) global health needs 31.to make deliberate (存心的) use of it 32.to bear (keep) in mind that 33.in this context (case) 34.strategically (战略上) placed on 35.the scientific underpinning (支柱) of policy 36.evidence-based (循证) policy 37.policy setting (establishment) 38.to bear on (影响) the well-being of people 39.a terminally ill patient (临终病人) 40.metastatic (转移) renal cancer 41.our beloved (热爱的) profession 42.our zeal (enthusiasm) for medical science 43.bedside (clinical) care 44.to conduct groundbreaking (突破的) research 45.a noble (崇高的) calling 46.an oral formulation (口服制剂) of morphine 47.bone metastasis (转移) 48.radicular (根的) pain 49.spinal (脊柱) root 50.to counsel (忠告/会诊) the terminally ill patient 51.to reflect upon (反省) my profession 52.caring and compassionate (有同情心的) 53.chemotherapeutic (化疗) agents 54.to shower their patients with genuine (true) love and compassion 55.the emotional and physical (身体的) support
Explain the following terms 一1) free morpheme/ A free morpheme is one that can be uttered发出，表达alone with meaning. It can exist on its own without a bound morpheme. In the traditional sense, a free morpheme is a word. 例如hand ,eat, get 2) bound form/never used as sentences. – ess in countess, lioness and duchess –ish in boyish, childish and greenish –s in hats, books and cups 3) function words/ function words are often short words, they do not have much lexical meaning and some of them have no lexical meaning of their own; They are often short words such as determiners限定词, conjunctions连词, prepositions介词, auxiliaries辅助物, and so forth. 如to, the , of , by 4) content words实词/ They are used to name objects, qualities, actions, processes or states, and have independent lexical meaning. They are the nouns, main verbs, adjectives形容词and adverbs副词of a language. 二1) syntheti c综合的language / inflectional grammatical markers, French, German and Russian. 2) analytic language/word order, prepositions or auxiliary verbs , English and Chinese 3) Indo-European family of languages/ Europe and parts of Southern Asia Eight groups 三1) morphemes /The morpheme is the smallest meaningful linguistic unit of language, not divisible可分的or analyzable into smaller forms. 2) allomorphs/variants变体of the same morphem如im-, ir-, il- : allomorphs of the morpheme in- 3) root / is the basic unchangeable part of a word, and it conveys the main lexical meaning of the word. work able, work er, work ed, and work ing 4) stem /A stem is of concern only when dealing with inflectional morphology. Inflectional (but not derivational) affixes are added to it. It is the part of word-form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed. 如undesirables, undesirable; desired, desire 5) base / A base is any form to which affixes of any kind can be added. Desirable, desire - base and root, not stem; undesirable, desirable-base, not root and stem 6) inflectional affixes/A inflectional affix serves to express such meanings as plurality复数, tense, and the comparative比较的or superlative 最高的degree. 如-s, -ed, -er, -est 7) derivational affixes / When they are added to another morpheme, they derive a new word. re+write, mini+car, super+market, modern+ize, work+er 8) compounding 复合法/Compounding is a word-formation process consisting of combining two or more bases to form a compound word 9) derivation 派生法/Derivation or affixation is generally defined as a word-formation process by which new words are created by adding a prefix or a suffix or both to the base 10) conversion 转化法/Conversion is a word-formation process in which a word of a certain word-class is shifted into a word of another word-class without the addition of an affix. 11) initialism/It is a type of shortening, using the first letters of words to form a proper name, a technical term, or a phrase. 12) acronym首字母缩略词/Acronyms are words formed from the initial letters of the name of an organization or a scientific term, etc. Acronyms differ from initialisms in that they are pronounced as words rather than as sequences of letters. 13) blending拼缀/Blending is a process of word-formation in which a new word is formed by
北京大学2007年博士研究生入学考试英语试题 Part One: Listening Comprehension略 Part Two: Structure and Written Expression (20%) Directions: For each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Mark your choices on the ANSWER SHEET. 21._________ before we leave the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful time together. [A] Had they arrived [B] Would they arrive [C] Were they arriving [D] Were they to arrive 22._________ last year and is now earning his living as an advertising agent. [A] He would leave school [B] He left school [C] He had left school [D] He has left school 23.Some people viewed the findings with caution, noting that a cause-and-effect relationship between passive smoking and cancer remained _________. [A] to be shown [B] to have been shown [C] to have shown [D] being shown 24.__________ that should be given priority to. [A] It is the committee has decided [B] It is only the committee has decided [C] It is what the committee has decided [D] It is what has the committee decided 25. The most interesting new cars may owe __________ the simple wisdom of hiring a few talented people and allowing them to work. [A] less local free-spiritedness than [B] less local free-spiritedness than to [C] to less local free-spiritedness than to [D] less to local free-spiritedness than to 26. Over the years, Jimmy Connors __________ phenomenal displays of tennis and temper—and at the U.S. Open last week, he exhibited both again. [A] has treated spectators with [B] has treated spectator for [C] has treated spectators [D] has treated spectators to 27. Summer holidays spent on the hot ghetto streets are __________ the time middle-class students devote to camps, exotic vacations and highly organized sports. [A] as hardly culturally enriching as [B] as hardly enriching culture as
1 B a s i c C o n c e p t s 基本概念 1.1 the definition of a word （ alone in a sentence. A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.） 1.2 sound and meaning ：symbolic connection is almost always arbitrary and conventional . A dog is called a dog not because the sound and the three letters that make up the word just automatically suggest the animal in question. 1.3 sound and form ： 1.4 vocabulary 1.5 classification of words 词汇分类 basic word stock 基本词汇 nonbasic vocabulary 非基本词汇 by use frequency 按使用频率分： basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary 基本词汇和非基本词汇 by notion 按概念分： content words and functional words 实义词和功能词 by origin 按起源分： native words and borrowed words 本地词和外来词 all national character 全民性 stability 稳定性 productivity 多产性 polysemy 一词多义 collocability 搭配性 terminology 术语 jargon 行话 slang 俚语 argon 黑话 dialectal words 方言词 archaism 古语词 neologism 新词 neutral in style 文体上中性 frequent in use 使用频繁 native words 本地词 borrowed words 外来词 denizens 同化词 aliens 异形词 translation-loans 译借词 1. No enough letters: alphabet from Latin 2. Pronunciation changed more rapidly 3. Early scribes: change spelling for easier recognition 4. Borrowing: different rules of pronunciation and spelling obvious characteristics 明显的特点 (Functional words do not have notions of their own and their main function is to express the relation between notions, words, etc.)
北京大学英语2002年博士研究生入学考试试题huazi 发表于2007-1-20 11:00:00 推荐 北京大学2002年博士研究生入学考试试题 Part One: Structure and Written Expression Direction: In each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably comp lete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put the letter of your choice in the AN SWER SHEET. (20%) 1 . The doctor's ___ is that she'll soon be as good as new if she takes insul in and watche s her diet. A.agnosticism B. anticipation C. diagnosis D. prognosis 2.It is understood by all concerned that the word no one who visits him ever breathe a syllable of m his hearing wi11 remain forever unspoken. A.uncommunicatively B. acceptab1y C. tacitly D. taciturnly 3. ___ springs not out of true and deep admiration, but more often out of a self-seeking wish to identify with someone important or famous. A. A compliment B. An adulatory C. Flattery D. Praise 4.Leaving for work m plenty of time to catch the train will _____ worry about being late. A.rule off B. prevent C. avoid D? obviate 5.Nicholas Chauvin, a French soldier, aired his veneration of Napoleon Bonaparte so and unceasingly that he became the laughingstock of all people in Europe. A. vociferously B. patriotically C. verbosely D. loquaciously 6.People suffering from prefer to stay shut in their homes and become panic-stricken m 1arge public buildings and open fields.
T 基础词汇 n. 标签；附属物；标记符；鞋带；垂饰 vt. 加标签于；附加 vi. 紧随 【例句】She peered at the tag to read the price. 她细看标签以看清价格。 【词组】tag sth. on (to sth.) 附加某事物；系某物于 play tag 玩捉人游戏 n. 接管，接收 【例句】The takeover cause 250 redundancy. 接管移交造成了250人的裁员。 n. 天资，才干，才能；人才 【例句】This little boy is a rare talent as a pianist. 这个男孩是个罕见的钢琴弹奏天才。【词组】talent for 天才；有……的天赋 【派生】talented adj. 有才能的；多才的 tap [n. 塞子，旋塞，水龙头；轻拍，轻叩；窃听 v. 轻打，轻敲，轻拍；利用，开发；窃听 【例句】The teacher tapped her fingers on the desk impatiently. 老师不耐烦地用手指敲着桌子。 【词组】turn on (off) the tap 开（关）龙头 tap into 挖掘，接进 tap (at/on sth.) 轻敲；轻拍；轻击；轻踏
【派生】tapping n. 轻敲声 n. 目标，对象；靶子 vt. 瞄准 【例句】Remarks that were right on target were released at the end of her speech. 在她讲话结束时，才击中了要害。 【词组】to make a target of 把……作为目标 target sth. (at/on sth. /sb.) 瞄准某物 n.合作；协办；配合 【例句】In football teamwork is even more important than individual skill.在橄榄球比赛中，全队的配合比个人技术甚至更加重要。 n. 茶匙；茶匙的量 【例句】I need a teaspoon to stir my tea. 我需要一把茶匙搅拌一下我的茶。 tender [] adj. 嫩的，温柔的；脆弱的；疼痛的；易受伤害的，善良的vt. （正式）提出；提供；投标 vi. （常与for连用）投标（做某事） n. 照管者，照料者 【例句】My finger is tender because I cut it yesterday. 我的手指一碰就疼，因为我昨天把它割破了。 【词组】tender (for sth.) 投标 【派生】tenderness n. 亲切；柔软；柔和；敏感 n. 终点站；终端；接线端 adj. 期末的；致命的；终点的
2012词汇学复习资料 The development of the English Vocabulary 1.Indo-European Language Family The Indo-European Language Family is considered as one of the most important language families. It includes most languages of Europe, the Near East, and India. Those languages, which are believed to have originated from this language family and developed alone different lines, show various degrees of similarity to one another. They fall into eight principal groups, which can be grouped into an Eastern Set东部诸语族: Balto-Slavic波罗的-斯拉夫语, Indo-Iranian印度伊朗语族, Armenian 亚美尼亚语族and Albanian阿尔巴尼亚语族; a Western Set: 西部诸语族Celtic凯尔特语族, Italic 意大利语族, Hellenic希腊语族, Germanic日尔曼语族. All the languages in both sets shed some influence on English to a greater or lesser extent because each has lent words into the English vocabulary. Prussian普鲁士语 Lithuanian立陶宛语 Polish波兰语 Balto-Slavic波罗的-斯拉夫语Czech捷克斯洛伐克语 Bulgarian保加利亚语 Slovenian斯洛文尼亚语 Russian Albanian阿尔巴尼亚 Persian波斯语 Hindi北印度语 Indo-Iranian印度伊朗语系Bengali孟加拉语 Romany，吉卜赛语 Armenian亚美尼亚语 Portuguese Spanish Italic意大利语族Italian Roumanian罗马尼亚语 French Indo-European Language Family Irish Celtic凯尔特语Breton Scottish Norwegian挪威语 Icelandic，冰岛语 Danish丹麦语 Germanic Swedish瑞典语 日尔曼语言English Dutch Flemish German Hellenic，古希腊语- Greek
北京大学2007年博士研究生入学考试试题 考试科目：英语考试时间：2006年3月17日 招生专业：全校各专业研究方向：各研究方向 Part One: Listening Comprehension There are 3 sections in this part. In sections A and B you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then choose the correct answer for each question. Mark your choices on your ANSWER SHEET. Section A: Conversations （5%） Directions: In this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the conversation. 1. What did Steve originally plan to do? [A] To do some work around the house. [B] To stay at home. [C] To see a new film. [D] To do some study. 2. Maggie finally decided to go to see a film because ________. [A] the cinema was nearby [B] the weather wasn’t ideal for a walk [C] it would be easier to go to a cinema [D] Steve hadn’t seen the film yet 3. Where did they plan to meet? [A] Outside the Town Hall. [B] Near the bank. [C] In Steve’s place. [D] At the cinema. Questions 4 to 6 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now，listen to the conversation. 4. The following details are true about the new device EXCEPT ________. [A] it has color [B] it has a moving image [C] it costs less money [D] it is not on the market 5. Why didn’t Bill want one of them? [A] He wanted to buy one from Japan. [B] He wasn’t sure about its quality. [C] He thought it was for business use. [D] He thought it was expensive. 6. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about the woman? [A] She had never read the magazine herself. [B] She knew who usually read the magazine. [C] She was quite interested in the new device. [D] She agreed with Bill at the end of the conversation.