2012年5月三级笔译实务真题

三级笔译真题(一)笔译综合能力Section1: vocabulary and grammarPart1 vocabulary selection1.We have had to raise the prices of our products because of the increase in the cost of___materials.A primitiveB .roughC originalD raw2. With an eight-hour week and little enjoyment, life must have been very ___for the students.A hostileB anxiousC tediousD obscure3. Whenever the government increases public services, ___because more workers are needed tocarry out these services.A employment to riseB employment risesC which rising employmentD the rise ofemployment4. Our flight to Guangzhou was___ by a bad fog and we had to stay much longer in the hotel thanwe had expected.A delayedB adjournedC cancelledD preserved5. Container-grown plants can be planted at any time of the year, but___ in winter.A should beB would beC preferredD preferably6. Both longitude and latitude___ in degrees, minutes and seconds.A measuringB measuredC are measuredD being measured7. Most comets have two kinds of tails, one made up of dust, ___ made up of electrically chargedparticles called plasma.A one anotherB the otherC other onesD each other8. Good pencil erasers are soft enough not___ paper but hard enough so tat they crumble graduallywhen used.A by damagingB so that they damagingC to damageD damaging9. The magician picked several persons___ from the audience and asked tem to help him with theperformance.A by accidentB at randomC on occasionD on average10. On turning the corner, they saw the path___ steeply.A departingB descendingC decreasingD degenerating11. English language publications in China are growing in volume and___.A circulationB rotationC circumstanceD appreciating12. Hydroponics___ the cultivation of plants without soil.A doesB isC doD .are13. To impose computer technology___ teachers is to create an environment that is not conduciveto learning.A withB toC inD on14. Marketing is___ just distributing goods from the manufacturer to the final customer.A rather thanB other thanC bigger thanD more than15. ___ a language family is a group of languages with a common origin and similar vocabulary,grammar, and sound system.A What linguists callB It is called by linguistsC Linguists call itD What do linguists call16. In the eighteenth century, the town of Bennington, Vermont, was famous for___ pottery.A it madeB itsC the makingD where its17. ___ get older, the games they play become increasingly complex.A ChildrenB Children, when theyC As childrenD For children to18. ___ of his childhood home in Hannibal, Missouri, provided Mark Twain with the inspirationfor two of his most popular novels.A RememberingB MemoriesC It was the memoriesD He remembered19. Dust storms most often occur in areas where the ground has little vegetation to protect___ ofthe wind.A From the effectsB it the effectsC it from the effectsD the effects from it20. Most nurses are women, but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are a___.A scarcityB minorityC minimumD shortagePart2 vocabulary replacement21. Shellfish give the deceptive appearance of enjoying a peaceful existence, although in fact lifeis a constant struggle for them.A misleadingB calmC understandableD initial22. The most striking technological success in the 20th century is probably the computerrevolution.A profitableB productiveC prominentD prompt23. Scientific evidence from different disciplines demonstrates that in most humans the lefthemisphere of the brain controls language.A. groups of follows B years C countries D fields of study24. Public relations practice is the deliberate, planned and sustained effort to establish andmaintain mutual understanding between an organization and its publicA completeB relatedC intentionalD active25. The use of the new technology will have a profound effect on schools.A negativeB positiveC strongD useful26. If we look at the Chinese and British concepts of hospitality, we find one major similarity but anumber of important differences.A hostilityB friendlinessC mannerD culture27. In just three years, the Net has gone from a playground for the local people to a vastcommunications and trading center where millions swap information or do deals around the world.A businessB shoppingC chattingD meeting28. Most species of this plant thrive in ordinary well-drained garden soil and they are best planted8cm deep and 5cm apart.A develop wellB grow tallerC matureD bear fruit29. Motivation is the driving force within individuals that impels them to action.A impedesB interferesC holdsD pushes30. The ultimate cause of the Civil War was the bombardment of Fort Sumter.A. only B final C true D special31. No hero of ancient or modern days can surpass the Indians with their lofty contempt of deathand the fortitude with which they sustain its cruelest affliction.A regardB courageC lossD track32. The service economy doesn’t suggest that we convert our factories into laundries to survive.A implyB persuadeC hurlD transform33. It was rather strange how the habits of his youth clung to him still. He was 72.A stuck toB turnedC led toD gave way to34. He has a touch of eccentricity in his composition.A. essay B writing C character D manner35. Jim was a stout old gentleman, with a weather-beaten countenance.A bodyB skinC shoulderD passionate interestPart3 error correction36. Not much people realize that apples have been cultivated for over 3,000 years.A Not manyB Not enoughC Without manyD No many37. The eastern bluebird is considered the most attractive bird native of North America by manybird-watchers.A nativeB native withC native byD native to38. All living creatures pass on inherited traits from one generation to other.A the otherB anotherC the otherD other one39. Furniture makers use glue to hold joints together and sometimes to reinforce it.A itsB fastC hardD them40. The hard, out surface of the tooth is called enamel.A outsideB appearanceC outerD hiding41. The earliest form of artificial lighting was fire, which also provided warm and protection.A hotB sunshineC warmthD safe42. All mammals have hair, but not always evident.A but it is notB but it isC but they are notD but they are43. A professor of economic and history at Atlanta University, W.E.B. Du Bois, promoted fullracial equality.A economyB economicsC economicalD economic44. Machines that use hydraulic pressure including elevators, dentist chairs, and automobilebrakes.A excludeB excludingC includeD are included45. The first recorded use of nature gas to light street lamps it was in the town of Frederick, NewYork, in 1825.A wasB isC it isD were46. Although the social sciences different a great deal from one another, they share a commoninterest in human relationship.A moveB differC changeD varies47. Unlike competitive running, race walkers must always keep some portion of their feet incontact of the ground.A runB runnerC runnersD running race48. A promising note is a written agreement to pay a certain sum of money at some time future.A time futuresB futuresC futures timeD future time49. New York City surpassed the other Atlantic seaports in partly because it developed the best transportation links with the interior of the country.A partB partialC partnerD parting50. All root vegetables grow underground, and not all vegetables that grow underground are roots.A butB orC asD thusSection2: reading comprehension(1)Phyllis Wheatley is regarded as America’s first black poet. She was born in Senegal, Africa, about 1753 and brought to America abroad a slave ship at about the age of seven.John and Susannah Wheatley bought her for three pounds at a slave auction in Boston in 1761 to be a personal servant of Mrs. Wheatley. The family had three other slaves, and all were treated with respect. Phyllis was soon accepted as one of the family, which included being raised and educated with the Wheatley’s twin 15- year-old children, Mary and Nathaniel. At that time, most females, even from better families, could not read and write, but Mary was probably one of the best educated young women in Boston. Mary wanted to become a teacher, and in fact, it was Mary who decided to take charge of Phyllis’s education. Phyllis soon displayed her remarkable talents. At the age of twelve she was reading the Greek and Latin classics and passages from the Bible. And eventually, Mrs.Wheatley decided Phyllis should become a Christian.At the age of thirteen Phyllis wrote her first poem. She became a Boston sensation after she wrote a poem on the death of the evangelical preacher George Whitfield in 1770. It became common practice in Boston to have “Mrs. Wheatley’s Phyllis” read poetry in polite society. Mary married in 1771, and Phyllis later moved to the country because of poor health, as a teacher and caretaker to a farmer’s three children. Mary had tried to interest publishers in Phyllis’s poems but once they heard she was a Negro they weren’t interested.Then in 1773 Phyllis went with Nathaniel, who was now a businessman, to London. It was thought that a sea voyage might improve her health. Thirty-nine of her poems were published in London as Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral. It was the first book published by a black American. In 1775 Phyllis wrote a poem extolling the accomplishments of George Washington and sent it to him. He responded by praising her talents and inviting her to visit his headquarters. After both of her benefactors died in 1777, and Mary died in1778, Phyllis was freed as a slave. She married in 1778, moved away from Boston, and had three children. But after the unhappy marriage, she moved back to Boston, and died in poverty at the age of thirty.51. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. Slavery and the treatment of the black people in America.B. The Wheatley family, including their slaves.C. The life of America’s first black poet.D. The achievements of Phyllis Wheatley.52. The underlined word “respect” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to___.A. considerationB. disregardC. punishment D behavior53. According to the passage, how many slaves did the Wheatley’s have?A. OneB. TwoC. ThreeD. Four54. According to the passage, an unusual feature of Mary was that she___.A. was not much older than PhyllisB. wanted to become a teacherC. was comparatively well educatedD. decided to take charge of Phyllis’s education55. The underlined word “eventually” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to___.A. ultimatelyB. slowlyC. reluctantlyD. gradually56. Which of the following is NOT true about Phyllis in the early 1770s?A. She wrote her first poem when in her teens.B. She married in 1771.C. She became a teacher.D. She was be able to get her poems published.57. The underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refers to___.A publishersB poemsC childrenD black people58. It can be inferred that Phyllis’s trip to England with Nathaniel in 1773___.A. did not improve her healthB. was for business reasonsC. led to books of her poems being available in AmericaD. led to the publication of her poems because the English were more interested in religiousand moral subjects59. The word “extolling” is closest in meaning to___A. She would have been more recognized as a poet if she had not been black.B. She would have written poetry if she had stayed in Africa.C. She went unrecognized as a poet during her lifetime.D. She only wrote religious poetry.(2)About fifty years ago, plant physiologists set out to grow roots by themselves in solutions in laboratory flasks. The scientists found that the nutrition of isolated roots was quite simple. They required sugar and the usual minerals and vitamins. However, they did not require organic nitrogen compounds. These roots got along fine on mineral inorganic nitrogen. Roots are capable of making their own proteins and other organic compounds. These activities by roots require energy, of course. The process of respiration uses sugar to make the high energy compound ATP, which drives the biochemical reactions. Respiration also require oxygen. Highly active roots require a good deal of oxygen.The study of isolated roots has provided an understanding of the relationship between shoots and roots in intact plants. The leaves of the shoots provide the roots with sugar and vitamins, and the roots provide the shoots with water and minerals. In addition, roots can provide the shoots with organic nitrogen compounds. This comes in handy for the growth of buds in the early spring when leaves are not yet functioning. Once leaves begin photosynthesizing, they produce protein, but only mature leaves can “export” protein to the rest of the plant in the form of amino acids.61. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The relationship between a plant’s roots and its shoots.B. What can be learned by growing roots in isolation.C. How plants can be grown without roots.D. What elements are necessary for the growth of plants.62. The underlined word “themselves” in Paragraph 1 refers to___.A. plant physiologistsB. solutionsC. laboratory flasksD. roots63. The scientists found what the isolated roots need is___.A. quite naturalB. sugar, minerals and vitaminsC. some rare vitaminsD. organic nitrogencompounds64. Roots have the ability to___.A. make proteinsB. obtain fresh airC. produce inorganic nitrogenD. carry out activitieswithout energy65. According to the passage, what is ATP?A. A biochemical processB. The tip of a rootC. A chemical compoundD. A type of plant cell66. The underlined word “intact” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to___.A. matureB. wildC. wholeD. tiny67. The use of the phrase “comes in handy” underlined in Paragraph 2 indicates that the processis___.A. unavoidableB. predictableC. necessaryD. successful68. It can be inferred from the passage that, in the early spring, the buds of plants___.A. “export” protein in the form of amino acidsB. do not require waterC. have begun photosynthesizingD. obtain organic compounds from the root69. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?A. The results of two experiments are compared.B. A generalization is made, and several examples of it are given.C. The findings of an experiment are explained.D. A hypothesis is presented, and several means of proving it are suggested.70. Where is this passage likely to be found?A. A newsletter.B. A magazineC. A storybookD. A novel(3)Natural flavorings and fragrances are often costly and limited in supply. For example, the vital ingredient in a rose fragrance is extracted from natural rose oil at a cost of thousands of dollars a pound; an identical synthetic substance can be made for 1% of this cost. Since the early twentieth century, success in reproducing these substances has created a new industry that today produces hundreds of artificial flavors and fragrances.Some natural fragrances are easily synthesized; these include vanillin, the aromatic ingredient in vanilla, and benzaldehyde, the aromatic ingredient in wild cherries. Other fragrances, however, have dozens, even hundreds of components. Only recently has it been possible to separate and identify these ingredients by the use of gas chromatography and spectroscopy. Once the chemical identity is known, it is often possible to synthesize them. Nevertheless, some complex substances such as the aroma of fresh coffee, have still not been duplicated satisfactorily.Many of the chemical compounds making up these synthetics are identical to those found in nature, and are as harmless or harmful as the natural substances. New products must be tested for safety, and when used in food, must be approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.The availability of synthetic flavors and fragrances has made possible a large variety of products, from inexpensive beverages to perfumed soap to used cars with applied “new car odor”.71. From the passage we can learn that___.A. natural flavorings and fragrances are not quite dearB. the limitation of natural flavorings and fragrances is clearC. the supply of natural flavorings and fragrances is adequate to meet the demandD. the cost of producing natural flavorings and fragrances is high72. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Natural rose fragrance is 100 times more expensive to produce than artificial rosefragrance.B. The most important ingredient in a rose fragrance is obtained from natural rose oil at a lowcost.C. A different synthetic substance can be made for 1% of the cost.D. Natural rose oil costs the same as its fragrances.73. The industry of producing hundreds of artificial flavors and fragrances probably appearedin___.A. 2000B. 1953C.1909D.181074. According to the passage, all the following are easier to synthesize EXCEPT___.A. aromatic ingredient in vanillaB. vanillaC. aromatic ingredient in wild cherryD. the flavor of flesh coffee75. The underlined word “duplicated” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to___.A. make doubleB. make a copy ofC. produce something equal toD. take from76. Why does the author mention fresh coffee in Paragraph 2?A. As an example of complex substances having not been duplicated satisfactorily.B. Because the coffee fragrance is hard to produce.C. To conclude the passageD. If spectroscopy is adopted.77. ___, a substance can be synthesized.A. Upon identifying the basic components of itB. Once chemically analyzedC. When gas chromatography is usedD. If spectroscopy is adopted78. It can be inferred from the passage that___.A. vanillin is easier to synthesize than benzaldehydeB. not all synthetic flavors are harmlessC. in general, the less components there are in fragrance, the harder it is to synthesizeD. synthesized substances must be tested for safety only if they are used in food79. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. How to Synthesize FragrancesB. Synthetic Substances Are Easy to MakeC. Natural Flavorings and FragrancesD. Synthetic Flavors and Fragrances80. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. Synthetic fragrances can be used to make a used car smell like a new one.B. Synthetic flavors and fragrances have added to the varieties of products.C. Lemon soap is made out of some delicious lemon.D. It is likely that a bottle of orange juice is synthesized.(4)Some people associate migration with birds. Birds to travel vast distances, but mammals also migrate. An example is the caribou, reindeer that graze on the grassy slopes of northern Canada. When the weather turns cold, they travel south until spring. Their tracks are so well-worn that they are clearly visible from the air. Another migrating mammal is the Alaska fur seal. Theses seals breed only in the Pribilot Islands in the Bering Sea. The young are born in June and by September are strong enough to go with their mothers on a journey of over 3,000 miles. Together they swim down the Pacific Coast of North America. The females and young travel as far as southern California. The males do not journey so far. They swim only to the Gulf of Alaska. In the spring, males and females all return to the islands, and there the cycle begins again. Whales are among the greatest migrators of all. The humpback and blue whales migrate thousands of miles each year from the polar seas to the tropics. Wales eat huge quantities of plankton. These are most abundant in cold polar waters. In winter, the whales move to warm waters to breed and give birth to their young.81. From the passage we can learn that___.A. people migrate like animalsB. only birds migrateC. the females fur seals migrate only to the Gulf of AlaskaD. not all mammals migrate82. The phrase “An example” underlined in Paragraph 1 refers to an example of a___.A. migratory mammalB. place where animals migrateC. migrating birdsD. person who associates migration with birds83. All the mammals are mentioned as migrating ones EXCEPT___.A. caribouB. fin whaleC. reindeerD. Alaska fur seal84. Where can you see from the air the migration of the mammals?A. In the Pribilot Islands.B. In the Bering SeaC. In southern CaliforniaD. In northern Canada85. Which of the following is NOT true?A. Wales breed in winter.B. Young whales are given birth in cold waters.C. Alaska fur seals give birth to the young only in one area.D. Alaska fur seals are born in warm weather.86. Together___ of Alaska fur seals swim down the Pacific Coast of North America.A. mothers and the youngB. fathers and the youngC. parents and the youngD. seals and whales87. Which of the following is NOT described inn the passage?A. Whales migrate to breed and give birth to their young.B. Whale-watching in Boston in summer is attracting.C. Seals breed in the north before migration.D. Reindeer feed on grass.88. Whales live on___.A. tiny plants and animals in the sea.B. the grassy slopes of northern Canada.C. their young in cold winter.D. the abundant seafood in tropic waters.89. How many kinds of migrating mammals are mentioned in the passage?A. FourB. ThreeC. TwoD. One90. What is the best title of the passage?A. Three Types of WhalesB. Birds MigrationC. Mammals Also MigrateD. Several Kinds of Migration(5)Electronic mail has become an extremely important and popular means of communication.Te convenience and efficiency of electronic mail are threatened by the extremely rapid growth in the volume of unsolicited commercial electronic mail. Unsolicited commercial electronic mail is currently estimated to account for over half of all electronic mail traffic, up from an estimated 7 percent in 2001, and the volume continues to rise. Most of these messages are fraudulent or deceptive in one or more respects.The receipt of unsolicited commercial electronic mail may result in costs to recipients who cannot to refuse to accept such mail and who incur costs for the storage of such mail, or for the time spent accessing, reviewing, and discarding such mail, or for both. The receipt of a large number of unwanted messages also decreases the convenience of the electronic mail and creates a risk that anted electronic mail messages, both commercial and noncommercial, will be lost, overlooked, or discarded amidst the larger volume of unwanted messages, thus reducing the reliability and usefulness of electronic mail to the recipient. Some commercial electronic mail contains material that many recipients may consider vulgar or pornographic in nature.The growth in unsolicited commercial electronic mail imposes significant monetary costs on providers of Internet access services, businesses, and educational and nonprofit institutions that carry and receives such mail, as there is a finite volume of mail that such providers, businesses, and institutions can handle without further investment in infrastructure. Many senders of unsolicited commercial electronic mail purposefully disguise the source of such mail.Many senders of unsolicited commercial electronic mail purposefully include misleading information in the messages’ subject lines in order to induce the recipients to view the messages. While some senders of commercial electronic mail messages provide simple and reliable ways for recipients to reject (or ‘opt-out’ of) receipt of commercial electronic mail from such senders in the future, other senders provide no such ‘opt-out’mechanism, or refuse to honor the requests of recipients not to receive electronic mail from such senders in the future, or both.Many senders of bulks unsolicited commercial electronic mail use computer programs to gather large numbers of electronic mail addresses on an automated basis from Internet websites or online services where users must post their addresses in order to make full use of the website orservice.The problems associated with the rapid growth and abuse of unsolicited commercial electronic mail cannot be solved by the government alone. The development and adoption of technological approaches and the pursuit of cooperative efforts with other countries will be necessary as well.91. According to the passage, efficiency of e-mail is threatened by___.A. heavy e-mail trafficB. fraudulent e-mail messagesC. large volume of messagesD. increasing amount of unwanted e-mail92. Which of the following is NOT true about unwanted e-mail?A. It costs money to receive them.B. It’s free to store them.C. It takes time to access them.D. It takes time to throw them away.93. Unwanted e-mail may___.A. cause companies to fail in businessB. cause wanted e-mail messages to loseC. damage the credit of a companyD. do good to a small company94. “Pornographic” in Paragraph 3 probably means___.A. decentB. instructionalC. sexualD. commercial95. What does unwanted e-mail messages do to the providers of the Internet services?A. Raising their costB. Raising the Internet speedC. Improving their businessD. Attracting investment96. “Disguise” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to___.A. revealB. hideC. deliverD. post97. The word “induce” in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to___.A. cheatB. introduceC. provideD. harm98. “Opt-out” mechanism is probably___.A. a machine that can be attached to your computerB. a button that you can make a choice to read or not to readC. a software that you can play a computer gameD. an e-mail that says some good words to you99. It can be inferred from Paragraph 6 that bulk unsolicited commercial e-mail will probablyspread___.A. harmful virusB. unpleasant newsC. advertisementsD. adult jokes100. The unwanted e-mail problem can be solved if___.A. the government takes actionB. a new technology is adoptedC . more people are aware of the problemD. joint efforts are made and new technology is usedSection3: cloze testInsurance is the sharing of ___ (1). Nearly everyone is exposed ___ (2) risk of some sort.The house Owner, for example, knows that his ___ (3) can be damaged by fire; the ship owner knows that his Vessel may be lost at ea; the breadwinner knows that he may die by ___(4) and ___ (5) his family in poverty. On the other hand, not every house is damaged by fireor every vessel lost at sea. If these persons each put a ___ (6) sum of money into a pool, there will be enough to ___ (7) the needs of few who do suffer ___ (8). In other words the losses of the few are met from the contributions of the ___ (9). This is the basis of ___( 10). Those who pay the contributions are known as ___ (11) and those who administer the pool of the contributions as insurer.The ___ (12) for an insurance naturally depends on how the risk is to happen as suggested ___ (13) past experience. If the companies fix their premiums too ___ (14), there will be more competition in their branch of insurance and they may lose ___ (15). On the other hand, if they make the premiums too low, they will not have ___ (16) and may even have to drop out ___(17) business. So the ordinary forces of supply and ___ (18) keep premiums at a proper ___ (19) to both insurers to both insures and those who ___ (20) insurance.参考答案Section1Part11. D2.C3.B4.A5.C6.C7.B8.C9.B 10.B11.A 12.B 13.D 14.D 15.A 16.B 17.C 18.B 19.C 20.BPart221. A 22.C 23.D 24.C 25.C 26.B 27.A 28.A 29.D 30.B31. B 32.D 33.A 34.C 35.BPart336. A 37.D 38.B 39.D 40.C 41.C 42.A 43.B 44.C 45.A46. B 47.C 48.D 49.A 50.ASection251. C 52.A 53.D 54.C 55.A 56.B 57.A 58.A 59.D 60.A61. A 62.A 63.B 64.A 65.C 66.C 67.C 68.D 69.C 70.B71. D 72.A 73.C 74.D 75.C 76.A 77.B 78.B 79.D 80.C81. D 82.A 83.B 84.D 85.B 86.C 87.B 88.A 89.B 90.C91. D 92.B 93.B 94.C 95.A 96.B 97.A 98.B 99.C 100.DSection31. risks2. to3. property/house4. accident/chance5. leave6. small7. meet8.loss/losses9. many 10. insurance 11. insured 12. premium 13. by 14. high 15. business/money 16. profit 17. of 18. demand 19. level 20. buy笔译实务Section1: English-Chinese translationThe importance of agriculture cannot be overstated. More than 50 percent of the world’s labor force is employed in agriculture. The distribution in the early 1980s ranged from67 percent of those employed in Africa to less than 5 percent in North America. In WesternEurope, the figure was about 16 percent; in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, about 32。

2015 年5月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语三级《笔译实务》试卷Section1For generations, coal has been the lifeblood of this mineral-rich stretch of eastern Utah. Mining families proudly recall all the years they toiled underground. Supply companies line the town streets. Above the road that winds toward the mines, a soot-smudged miner peers out from a billboard with the slogan “Coal = Jobs.”对这个地处犹他州东部、矿产丰富的地区而言，煤炭在过去几代人的眼里一直都是这个地区的生命线/经济命脉。

每当回忆起作为矿工在地下采煤的岁月时，每个家庭都会感到无比自豪。

大街的煤炭供应公司栉比鳞次/鳞次栉比。

在蜿蜒通向矿区的马路上方，可见一处广告牌，上面除了有句“煤炭=工作”的口号，还有位满身烟灰的矿工正凝视着前方。

But recently, fear has settled in. The state’s oldest coal-fired power plant, tucked among the canyons near town, is set to close, a result of new, stricter federal pollution regulations.但是最近，人们开始担忧起来。

由于新的联邦污染防治法规更加严格，位于县郊（译者注：根据本文倒数第二段该地区实为卡本县，这里的town指的就是卡本县，所以此处译为县郊。

）峡谷之中的犹他州历史最久的燃煤电厂即将关闭。

2014年CATTI三级笔译汉译英真题出自：《第67届联合国大会中方立场文件》中关于能源安全方面的内容：Section2：Translate Chinese into English外交部：2012年第67届联合国大会中方立场文件（五）能源安全5. Energy Security能源安全同世界经济的稳定发展和各国人民的福祉息息相关。

在当前国际金融危机背景下，维护全球能源安全对有效应对国际金融危机冲击、推动世界经济全面复苏和长远发展具有重要意义。

Energy security has a close bearing on the stability and growth of the world economy and the well-being of people in all countries. Against the backdrop of the global financial crisis，ensuring energy security is vital to effectively tackling the impact of the crisis and promoting the full recovery and long-term development of the world economy.国际社会应树立互利合作、多元发展、协同保障的新能源安全观，共同稳定能源等大宗商品价格、防止过度投机和炒作，保障各国特别是发展中国家能源需求，维护能源市场正常秩序。

同时，各国应改善能源结构，加强先进能源技术的研发和推广，大力发展清洁和可再生能源，在相关领域积极开展国际合作。

To this end，the international community should foster a new energy security outlook featuring mutually beneficial cooperation，diversified development and coordinated supply. Joint efforts must be made to stabilize the prices of energy and other commodities and prevent excessive speculation and market hype，so as to meet the energy demands of all countries，particularly the developing countries，and maintain order in the energy market. Meanwhile，countries should improve their own energy mix，promote the research，development and diffusion of advanced technologies，vigorously develop clean and renewable energies，and actively advance international cooperation in relevant fields.中国政府高度重视能源和能源安全问题。

全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试2010年5月英语三级《笔译实务》试卷试题部分：Section1:English-Chinese Translation(英译汉)Translate the following passage into Chinese.LECCO,Italy—Each morning,about450students travel along17school bus routes to10elementary schools in this lakeside city at the southern tip of Lake Como. There are zero school buses.In2003,to confront the triple threats of childhood obesity,local traffic jams and —most important—a rise in global greenhouse gases abetted by car emissions,an environmental group here proposed a retro-radical concept:children should walk to school.They set up a piedibus(literally foot-bus in Italian)—a bus route with a driver but no vehicle.Each morning a mix of paid staff members and parental volunteers in fluorescent yellow vests lead lines of walking students along Lecco’s twisting streets to the schools’gates,Pied Piper-style,stopping here and there as their flock expands.At the Carducci School,100children,or more than half of the students,now take walking buses.Many of them were previously driven in cars.Giulio·Greppi,a 9-year-old with shaggy blond hair,said he had been driven about a third of a mile each way until he started taking the piedibus.“I get to see my friends and we feel special because we know it’s good for the environment,”he said.Although the routes are each generally less than a mile,the town’s piedibuses have so far eliminated more than100,000miles of car travel and,in principle,prevented thousands of tons of greenhouse gases from entering the air,Dario Pesenti,the town’s environment auditor,estimates.The number of children who are driven to school over all is rising in the United States and Europe,experts on both continents say,making up a sizable chunk of transportation’s contribution to greenhouse-gas emissions.The“school run”made up 18percent of car trips by urban residents of Britain last year,a national surveyIn1969,40percent of students in the United States walked to school;in2001,the most recent year data was collected,13percent did,according to the federal government’s National Household Travel Survey.Lecco’s walking bus was the first in Italy,but hundreds have cropped up elsewhere in Europe and,more recently,in North America to combat the trend.Towns in France,Britain and elsewhere in Italy have created such routes,although few are as extensive and long-lasting as Lecco’s.Section2:Chinese-English Translation(汉译英)Translate the following passage into English.全球气候变化深刻影响着人类生存和发展，是各国共同面临的重大挑战。

2012年11月CATTI考试：三级笔译实务试题点评2012年11月全国翻译资格水平考试在不久前结束，天津翻译专修学院的翻译专家团队立即对试题进行了全面的分析和点评。

首先让我们看一下英译汉的试题。

英译汉的选材略带文学色彩，这可能将是今后笔译实务英译汉素材选择的一个方向。

该篇文章通过一位女性回顾当年其丈夫送给她的一套二手的狄更斯的小说，介绍了狄更斯的一些作品及其人物，同时通过该套小说扉页上的签名，该篇文章的作者与其儿子以书信的方式进行了交流并了解到有关该套小说的最初所有者的一些情况。

从文章中的语句表达而言基本没有什么难度，但从文章中所涉及的狄更斯作品名称而言，对于非英语专业的考生来说可能会有些难度。

汉译英部分此次试题的素材从以往的时政主题转变成商业主题，这是三级笔译实务命题的一大变化。

文风变了，这也许是笔译实务命题的江南style。

此次试题是一篇关于美国一家知名的水龙头制造商及其产品的介绍。

这样的文章对于将来从事笔译专业的人士来说确实比较常见，但专家认为，既然是考察汉译英的能力，最好还是以中国的某个企业的介绍作为命题素材更为合适。

因为文章中所涉猎的企业名称等内容并不容易翻译得非常准确。

就翻译的技巧和语言点以及语汇而言，在翻译培训课中大多都讲到过，难度也并不很大。

但如果把英译汉的这篇文章与汉译英的文章相比较，汉译英的语段稍有难度。

2012年11月CATTI考试真题（网友回忆版）>>>英译汉部分的原文与译文：FOR MORE than 30years, I have been wondering about L.R. Generson.三十多年来，我一直在思考着L. R. 杰内森究竟是何许人。

On one of our first C hristmases together, my husband gave me a complete set of Dic kens. T here were 20volumes, bound in gray cloth with black c orners, old but in good c ondition. Stamped on the flyleaf of eac h volume, in faded block letters, was the name of the previous owner: “L.R. Geners on, M.D., Bronx, NY.’’在我和丈夫一起度过的最初的几次圣诞节中，有一次他送给我了一整套狄更斯的作品。

云测库，互联网测评考试与人才管理平台2012年5月三级心理咨询师考试《专业技能》真题及解析（教师版）试卷题量：104题试卷总分：120分试卷限时：120分钟测评/引用码：ya1PRaB一、案例分析不定项根据以下材料，回答{GTR}题一般资料：求助者，男性，61岁，教师。

案例介绍：求助者因冠心病住院治疗，目前病情已经稳定。

一周前，同病房一患者因心脏病救治无效去世。

求助者当晚自感病情加重，胸闷、心慌，开始出现入睡困难、经常惊醒的现象。

经一周的持续心脏监护，并未发现明显加重迹象。

求助者还是觉得自己病情加重了，只是未查出来。

因而情绪低落，愁眉不展，茶饭不香，睡眠越来越差。

反复和家属交待身后事宜，但又不甘心就这样死去。

求助者家属要求医院心理科协助治疗。

1、该求助者的躯体症状包括（ ）A、心慌B、长期失眠C、胸闷D、愁眉不展【答案】A,C【解析】求助者睡眠差或入睡困难，但不等同于长期失眠。

2、该求助者的情绪症状主要是（ ）A、失眠B、情感脆弱C、焦虑D、自杀观念【答案】C【解析】求助者情绪低落、发愁均是由于担心自己也会因为冠心病而死亡引起的，主导情绪是焦虑，而不是抑郁。

3、该求助者心理问题的关键点是（ ）A、冠心病B、担心病情恶化C、失眠症D、存在疑病妄想【答案】B【解析】此题暂无解析4、该求助者心理冲突的性质是（ ）A、常形B、精神病性C、变形D、神经症性【答案】A【解析】求助者的心理问题是由病友突然死亡诱发的，是有具体原因的，而且疾病对自己来说是一件很大的事情，具有道德性，属于常形冲突。

5、心理咨询师在初诊接待中应重点询问该求助者的内容包括（ ）A、婚姻史B、冠心病检查结果C、成长史D、对冠心病的体验【答案】B,C,D【解析】心理咨询师在初诊接待中应该重点询问冠心病的检查结果，是否确有实质性疾病，以及求助者对冠心病的体验，是否云测库，互联网测评考试与人才管理平台经常会有胸闷、心慌。

还要了解一下求助者的成长史，在成长的过程中有无对死亡形成的阴影。

2012年5月英语二级《笔译实务》试题Section 1: English-Chinese Translation（英译汉）Part A Compulsory Translation（必译题）The runaway success of Stieg Larsson’s “Millennium” trilogy suggests that when it comes to contemporary literature in translation, Americans are at least willing to read Scandinavian detective fiction. But for work from other regions, in other genres, winning the interest of big publishing houses and readers in the United States remains a steep uphill struggle.Among foreign cultural institutes and publishers, the traditional American aversion to literature in translation is known as “the 3 percent problem.” But now, hoping to increas e their minuscule share of the American book market — about 3 percent — foreign governments and foundations, especially those on the margins of Europe, are taking matters into their own hands and plunging into the publishing fray in the United States.Increasingly, that campaign is no longer limited to widely spoken languages like French and German. From Romania to Catalonia to Iceland, cultural institutes and agencies are subsidizing publication of books in English, underwriting the training of translators, encouraging their writers to tour in the United States, submitting to American marketing andpromotional techniques they may have previously shunned and exploiting existing niches in the publishing industry.“We have established this as a strategic objec tive, a long-term commitment to break through the American market,” said Corina Suteu, who leads the New York branch of the European Union National Institutes for Culture and directs the Romanian Cultural Institute. “For nations in Europe, be they small or large, literature will always be one of the keys of their cultural existence, and we recognize that this is the only way we are going to be able to make that literature present in the United States.”For instance, the Dalkey Archive Press, a small publishing house in Champaign, Ill., that for more than 25 years has specialized in translated works, this year began a Slovenian Literature Series, underwritten by official groups in Slovenia, once part of Yugoslavia. The series’s first book, “Necropolis,” by Bo ris Pahor, is a powerful World War II concentration-camp memoir that has been compared to the best of Elie Wiesel and Primo Levi, and has been followed by Andrej Blatnik’s “You Do Understand,” a rather absurdist but still touching collection of sketches an d parables about love and intimacy.Dalkey has also begun or is about to begin similar series in Hebrew and Catalan, and with Switzerland and Mexico, the last of which will consist of four books yearly for six years. In each case a financing agency in the host country is subsidizing publication and participating in promotion and marketing in the United States, an effort that can easily require $10,000 or more a book.Part B Optional Translation（二选一题）Topic 2（选题二）Just east of Argentina’s Andean foothills, an oil field called the Vaca Muerta —“deadcow” in English — has finally come to life.In May, the Argentine oil company YPF announced that it had found 150 million barrels of oil in the Patagonian field, and President Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner rushed onto national television to praise the discovery as something that could give new impetus to the country’s long-stagnant economy.“The importance of this discovery goes well beyond the volume,” said Sebastian Eskenazi, YPF’s chief executive, as he annou nced the find. “The important thing is it is something new: new energy, a new future, new expectations.”Although there are significant hurdles, geologists say that the Vaca Muerta is a harbinger of a possible major expansion of global petroleum supplies over the next two decades as the industry uses advanced techniques to extract oil from shale and other tightly packed rocks.Oil experts caution that geologists have only just begun to study shale fields in much of the world, and thus can only guess at their potential. Little seismic work has been completed, and core samples need to be retrieved from thousands of feet below the surface to judge how much oil or gas can be retrieved.Argentina certainly has high hopes for shale oil from the southern Patagonian province of Neuquen. The 150 million barrels of recoverable shale oil found in the Vaca Muerta represents an increase of 8 percent in Argentina’s reserves, and the find was the biggest discovery of oil in the country since the late 1980s.Oil experts say the Vaca Muerta is probably just a start for Argentina, long a middle-ranked oil producer. Mr. Lynch noted that YPF had explored only 100 square miles out of 5,000 square miles in the whole shale deposit, and other oil companies working in the area had not announced any discoveries yet.So far, nearly all of the oil exploration in the shale fields in Argentina and elsewhere has been pursued with traditional vertical wells. Plans are just beginning for horizontal drilling.Some experts caution that the fast advance of oil production from shale in the United States is no guarantee of similar successes abroad, at least not in the near future.Section 2: Chinese-English Translation（汉译英）Part A和平稳定是发展的前提和基础。

2012年5月心理咨询师三级真题试题.doc2012年5月国家职业资格三级第一部分职业道德（第1~25题，共25道题）一、职业道德基础理论与知识部分答题指导：◆该部分均为选择题，每题均有四个备选项，其中单项选择题只有一个选项是正确的，多项选择题有两个或两个以上选项使正确的。

◆请根据题意的内容和要求答题，并在答题卡上将所选答案的相应字母涂黑。

◆错选、少选、多选，则该题均不得分。

（一）单项选择题（第1～8题）1、下述范畴中，属于道德评价的是( )。

(A)“正常”与“不正常”(B)“应该”与“不应该”(C)“明白”与“不明白”(D)“满意”与“不满意”2、职业道德具有“利益相关性”特征，其根本含义是( )。

(A)没有个人利益，就无所谓职业道德(B)把个人利益放在首位，职业道德才有存在的现实可能性(C)职业道德体现的是从业人员责、权、利的有机统一(D)从业人员个人利益越大，职业道德的精神内涵就越加丰富3、我国社会主义职业道德的核心是( )。

(A)爱岗敬业 (B)童叟无欺(C)开拓创新 (D)为人民服务4、社会主义职业道德反对享乐主义的基本根据是( )。

(A)快乐不是社会主义社会所倡导的人生追求(B)享乐与幸福层次不同，我们主张追求幸福但不是享乐(C)享乐主义把握了人的感官属性，忽略了人的社会属性和责任(D)享乐主义只图个人之乐，忽视他人之乐5、在职业道德内在的道德准则中，“忠诚”的含义是( )。

(A)认真担负职责，寻求实现职责最优效果的强烈态度和意向(B)从不欺骗自己，内心是怎样想的就要怎样行动(C)在企业内部，企业怎样要求职工，职工就应该怎样行动(D)从不违背老板的意愿和要求是忠诚的最高境界6、从业人员坚持“信誉至上，需要践行的职业要求是( )。

(A)理智信任、积淀个人信誉、维护职业集体的荣誉(B)充分信任、积淀个人信誉、庇护职业集体的荣誉(C)理智信任、淡化个人信誉、突出职业集体的荣誉(D)半信半疑、彰显个人信誉、增强职业集体的荣誉7、下列做法中，符合“诚信”作为职业道德规范的“智慧性”要求的是( )。

2012年翻译资格考试笔译综合能力试题(6)Electronic mail has become an extremely important and popular means of communication.The convenience and efficiency of electronic mail are threatened by the extremely rapid growth in the volume of unsolicited commercial electronic mail. Unsolicited commercial electronic mail is currently estimated to account for over half of all electronic mall traffic, up from an estimated 7 percent in 2001, and the volume continues to rise. Most of these messages are fraudulent or deceptive in one or more respects.The receipt of unsolicited commercial electronic mail may result in costs to recipients who cannot refuse to accept such mail and who incur costs for the storage of such mail, or for the time spent accessing, reviewing, and discarding such mail, or for both. The receipt of a large number of unwantedmessages also decreases the convenience of electronic mall and creates a risk that wanted electronic mail messages, both commercial and noncommercial, will be lost, overlooked, or discarded amidst the larger volume of unwanted messages, thus reducing the reliability and usefulness of electronic mail to the recipient. Some commercial electronic mail contains material that many recipients may consider vulgar or pornographic in nature.The growth in unsolicited commercial electronic mail imposes significant monetary costs on providers of Internet access services, businesses, and educational and nonprofit institutions that carry and receive such mail, as there is a finite volume of mail that such providers, businesses, and institutions can handle without further investment in infrastructure. Many senders of unsolicited commercial electronic mail purposefully disguise the source of such mall.Many senders of unsolicited commercial electronic mall purposefully include misleading information in the messages' subject lines in order to induce the recipients to view the messages. While some senders of commercial electronic mail messages provide simple and reliable ways for recipients to reject (or 'opt-out' of) receipt of commercial electronic mallfrom such senders in the future, other senders provide no such 'opt-out' mechanism, or refuse to honor the requests of recipients not to receive electronic mail from such senders in the future, or both.Many senders of bulk unsolicited commercial electronic mail use computer programs to gather large numbers of electronic mail addresses on an automated basis from Internet websites or online services where users must post their addresses in order to make full use of the website or service.The problems associated with the rapid growth and abuse of unsolicited commercial electronic mall cannot be solved by the government alone. The development and adoption of techno-logical approaches and the pursuit of cooperative efforts with other countries will be necessary as well.91. According to the passage, efficiency of e-mail is threatened by ______A. heavy e-mail trafficB. fraudulent e-mail messagesC. large volume of messagesD. increasing amount of unwanted e-mail92. Which of the following is NOT true about unwantede-mail?A. It costs money to receive them.B. It's free to store them.C. It takes time to access them.D. It takes time to throw them away.93. Unwanted e-mail may ______A. cause companies to fail in businessB. cause wanted e-mail messages to loseC. damage the credit of a companyD. do good to a small company94. "Pornographic" in Paragraph 3 probably means ______A. decentB. instructionalC. sexualD. commercial95. What does unwanted e-mail messages do to the providers of the Internet services?A. Raising their cost.B. Raising the Internet speed.C. Improving their business.D. Attracting investment.96. "Disguise" in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ______A. revealB. hideC. deliverD. post97. The word "induce" in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to ______A. cheatB. introduceC. provideD. harm98. "Opt-out" mechanism is probably ______A. a machine that can be attached to your computerB. a button that you can make a choice to read or not to readC. a software that you can play a computer gameD. an e-mail that says some good words to you99. It can be inferred from Paragraph 6 that bulk unsolicited commercial e-mail will probably spread ______A. harmful virusB. unpleasant newsC. advertisementsD. adult jokes100. The unwanted e-mail problem can be solved if ______A. the government takes actionB. a new technology is adoptedC. more people are aware of the problemD. joint efforts are made and new technology is usedSection 3: Cloze Test (20 points)In the following passage, there are 20 blanksrepresenting words that are missing from the context. You are to put back in each of the blanks the missing word. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. The time for this section is 20 minutes.Insurance is the sharing of (1) . Nearly everyone is exposed (2) risk of some sort. The house owner, for example, knows that his (3) can be damaged by fire; the ship owner knows that his vessel may be lost at sea; the breadwinner knows that he may die by (4) and (5) his family in poverty. On the other hand, not every house is damaged by fire or every vessel lost at sea. ff these persons each put a (6) sum of money into a pool, there will be enough to (7) the needs of the few who do suffer (8) , In other words the losses of the few are met from the contributions of the (9) . This is the basis of (10) . Those who pay the contributions are known as (11) and those who administer the pool of the contributions as insurer.The (12) for an insurance naturally depends on how the risk is to happen as suggested (13) past experience, ff the companies fix their premiums too (14) , there will be more competition in their branch of insurance and they may lose (15) . On the other hand, if they make the premiums too low, they will not have (16) and may even have to drop out (17)business. So the ordinary forces of supply and (18) keep premiums at a proper (19) to both insurers and those who (20) insurance.。

2006年5月阿拉伯语三级笔译实务真题一、阿译汉(总题数：1，分数：50.00)1.（分数：50.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(埃及是一个资源丰富而充满自信的国家。

在其成为吸引投资的国家、其金融机构已具备适应现代经济的灵活性、其市场稳定并兼有透明度之后，占正致力于同世界上所有的经济力力量和集团建立“均衡的伙伴关系”。

为了巩固经济地位和实力，埃及积极与国际和地区性的经济联合体进行合作。

她于1998年1月1日着手建立阿拉伯大自由贸易区，旨在于2007年到来之际建阿拉伯自由贸易区，为建立阿拉伯共同市场迈出的主要一步。

此外，埃及于1998年7月加入了东南非洲共同市场——库米萨，埃及的加入使其成为充满希望的经济联合体。

埃及于2001年1月26日和欧盟草签了伙伴关系协议，这使她获得了一系列优惠，首要是促进了对外出口，确立了其在全球竞争市场的存在。

此外，埃及享有1992年11月25日成立的黑海国家经济合作组织观察员身份，1999年3月埃及获得了印度洋联合体的“对话伙伴”身份，这使它获得成员国与伙伴国家之间贸易的优惠待遇，能够与备成员国发展投资和贸易。

2001年2月12日，埃及加入了拥有15个非洲国家的海岸和沙漠国家联合体，旨在实现经济互补，建立非洲经济集团。

)二、汉译阿(总题数：1，分数：50.00)2.人类大规模开发自然，加剧了生态系统的失衡。

近三百年来，人类科学技术对自然环境的干预和影响是前所未有的，一方面是人类科技的进步，另一方面却是对自然的伤害。

作为整体的自然环境正向全世界呼喊：人类应该明白自己对自然生态所进行的过分的干预,正在成为人类未来灾难的根源。

联合国有关公报称，世界受灾人数增加的另一个原因是，越来越多的人居住在无序膨胀的城市，尤其是最易遭受洪水、地震、滑城等灾害的贫民窟里。

2012年5月份三级企业人力资源管理师考试真题及答案一、职业道德基础理论与知识部分（第1～16题）（一）单项选择题（第l～8题）l、关于道德，正确的说法是（ A ）。

A道德属于上层建筑B人们的道德观念是与生俱来的C道德与社会经济关系变化无关D道德非人类社会所特有2、与法律比较，道德在调节社会关系时的特点是（ B ）。

A事后性、柔和性B自觉性、事前性C广泛性、强制性D自发性、自由性3、职业道德的特征是（ A ）。

A鲜明的行业性B适用范围上的广泛性C快速变动性D利益无关性4、社会主义道德反对享乐主义的基本依据在于（ D ）。

A享乐既不是个人的人生目的，也不是社会主义社会的目的B承认或者纵容享乐会削弱人们的进取精神C享乐主义之“乐”是简单的个人之乐D享乐主义忽视人的社会性，损害了社会利益5、职业道德活动内在的道德准则是（ C A ）。

A忠诚、敬业、无私B爱岗、敬业、无私C忠诚、审慎、勤勉D真诚、慎微、自勉6、“敬业”的特征是（ A ）。

A主动、务实、持久B从一而终C上司分配什么就干什么D忠诚老实7、关于“诚信”的说法中，正确的是（ D ）。

A诚信是双方为着共同目标而临时达成的合作条件B诚信的确立以维护自身利益为前提C诚信是不可测度的，只能作为交往技巧使用D诚信包含着一种生活的谋略和技能8、关于职业道德修养的方法，正确的是（ A ）。

A从业人员要树立正确的义利观，坚持不以利取义B凡利己之事必包含利人之义，坚持己欲利而利人C“慎独”就是小心谨慎，坚持多请示多汇报，避免擅自处理重大事务D在原则问题上决不让步，不出卖良心（二）多项选择题（第9～16题）9、下列要素中，属于道德评价的是（ CD ACD）。

A红绿B胖瘦C是非D荣辱10、下列范畴中，反映职业道德鲜明行业性特征的是（ CD A B ）。

A买卖公平、童叟无欺B爱岗敬业、诚实守信C遵守交规、文明行车D救死扶伤、治病救人1l、下列说法中，符合传统文化中“公忠为国”理念要求的是（ B CD ）。

2008年5月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试三级笔译实务Section 1 English-Chinese Translation (英译汉)Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this section is 180 minutes. Europe Pushes to Get Fuel From FieldsARDEA, Italy — The previous growing season, this lush coastal field near Rome was filled with rows of delicate durum wheat, used to make high-quality pasta. Today it overflows with rapeseed, a tall, gnarled weedlike plant bursting with coarse yellow flowers that has become a new manna for European farmers: rapeseed can be turned into biofuel.Motivated by generous subsidies to develop alternative energy sources — and a measure of concern about the future of the planet —Europe’s farmers are beginning to grow crops that can be turned into fuels meant to produce fewer emissions than gas or oil. They are chasing their counterparts in the Americas who have been raising crops for biofuel for more than five years.“This is a much-needed boost to our economy, our farms,” said Marcello Pini, 50, a farmer, standing in front of the rapeseed he planted for the first time. “Of course, we h ope it helps the environment, too.”In March, the European Commission, disappointed by the slow growth of the biofuels industry, approved a directive that included a “binding target” requiring member countries to use 10 percent biofuel for transport by 2020 — the most ambitious and specific goal in the world.Most European countries are far from achieving the target, and are introducing incentives and subsidies to bolster production.As a result, bioenergy crops have replaced food as the most profitable crop in several European countries. In this part of Italy, for example, the government guarantees the purchase of biofuel crops at 22 Euros for 100 kilograms, or $13.42 for 100 pounds — nearly twice the 11 to 12 Euros for 100 kilograms of wheat on the open market in 2006. Better still, farmers can plant biofuel crops on “set aside” fields, land that Europe’s agriculture policy would otherwise require be left fallow.But an expert panel convened by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization pointed out that the biofuels boom produces benefits as well as trade-offs and risks — including higher and wildly fluctuating food prices. In some markets, grain prices have nearly doubled.“At a time when agricultural prices are low, in comes biofuel and improves the lot of farmers and injects life into rural areas,” said Gustavo Best, an expert at the Food and Agriculture Organization in Rome. “But as the scale grows and the demand for biofuel crops seems to be infinite, we’re seeing some negative effects and we need to hold up a yellow light.”Josette Sheeran, the new head of the United Nations World Food program, which fed nearly 90 million people in 2006, said that biofuels created new problems. “An i ncrease in grain prices impacts us because we are a major procurer of grain for food,” she said. “So biofuels are both a challenge and an opportunity.”In Europe, the rapid conversion of fields that once grew wheat or barley to biofuel crops like rapeseed is already leading to shortages of the ingredients for making pasta and brewing beer, suppliers say. That could translate into higher prices in supermarkets.“New and increasing demand for bi oenergy production has put high pressure on the whole world grain market,” said Claudia Conti, a spokesman for Barilla, one of the largest Italian pasta makers.“Not only German beer producers, but Mexican tortilla makers have see the cost of their main ra w material growing quickly to historical highs.”Some experts are more worried about the potential impact to low-income consumers. In the developing world, the shift to more lucrative biofuel crops destined for richer countries could create serious hunger and damage the environment if wild land is converted to biofuel cultivation, the agriculture panel concluded.But officials at the European Commission say they are pursuing a measured course that will prevent some of the price and supply problems seen in American markets.In a recent speech, Mariann Fischer Boel, the European agriculture and rural development commissioner, said that the 10 percent target was “not a shot in the dark,” but was carefully chosen to encourage a level of growth for the biofuel industry that would not produce undue hardship for Europe’s poor.She calculated that this approach would push up would raw material prices for cereal by 3 percent to 6 percent by 2020, while prices for oilseed might rise 5 percent to 18 percent. But food prices on the shelves would barely change, she said.Yet even as the European program begins to harvest biofuels in greater volume, homegrown production is still far short of what is needed to reach the 10 percent goal: Europe’s farmers produced an estimated 2.9 billion liters, or 768 million gallons, of biofuel in 2004, far shy of the 3.4 billion gallons generated in the United States in the period. In 2005, biofuel accounted for around 1 percent of Europe’s fuel, according to European statistics, with almos t all of that in Germany and Sweden. The biofuel share in Italy was 0.51 percent, and in Britain, 0.18 percent.That could pose a threat to European markets as foreign producers like Brazil or developing countries like Indonesia and Malaysia try to ship their biofuels to markets where demand, subsidies and tax breaks are the greatest.Ms. Fischer Boel recently acknowledged that Europe would have to import at least a third of what it would need to reach its 10 percent biofuels target. Politicians fear that could hamper development of a local industry, while perversely generating tons of new emissions as “green” fuel is shipped thousands of kilometers across the Atlantic, instead of coming from the farm next door.Such imports could make biofuel far less green in other ways as well — for example if Southeast Asian rainforest is destroyed for cropland.Brazil, a country with a perfect climate for sugar cane and vast amounts of land, started with subsidies years ago to encourage the farming of sugarcane for biofu els, partly to take up “excess capacity” in its flagging agricultural sector.The auto industry jumped in, too. In 2003, Brazilian automakers started producing flex-fuel cars that could run on biofuels, including locally produced ethanol. Today, 70 percent of new cars in the country are flex-fuel models, and Brazil is one of the largest growers of cane for ethanol.Analysts are unsure if the Brazilian achievement can be replicated in Europe — or anywhere else. Sugar takes far less energy to convert to biofuel than almost any product.Yet after a series of alarming reports on climate change, the political urgency to move faster is clearly growing.With an armload of incentives, the Italian government hopes that 70,000 hectares, or 173,000 acres, of land will be planted with biofuel crops in 2007, and 240,000 hectares in 2010, up from zero in 2006.Mr. Pini, the farmer, has converted about 25 percent of his land, or 18 hectares, including his “set aside” land, to Europe’s fastest-growing biofuel crop, rapeseed. He still has 50 hectares in grain and 7 in olives.He has discovered other advantages as well. In Italy’s finicky food culture, food crops haveto look good and be high quality to sell— a drought or undue heat can mean an off year. Crops for fuel, in contrast, can be ugly or stunted.“You need fewer seeds and it’s much easier to grow,” he said.英译汉参考答案欧洲竞相从农田获取燃料阿尔代亚，意大利——上个生长季节，罗马近郊植物葱茏的靠海农田，遍布成排的纤细的硬质小麦，过去用于制作高品质意粉。

全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试德语三级《笔译实务》试卷（样题）Teil IÜbersetzen Sie die folgenden Texte ins Chinesische!（共60分）Text1（30分）Die Bundesrepublik Deutschland gehört zu den international führenden Wirtschaftsnationen.Mit ihrer wirtschaftlichen Gesamtleistung steht sie in der Welt an dritter Stelle;im Welthandel nimmt sie sogar den zweiten Platz ein.Nach neuesten Statistiken ist Deutschland(vor den USA)Exportweltmeister und behauptet einen Anteil am Weltmarkt von gut zehn Prozent.Schon seit Anfang der fünfziger Jahre wird mehr exportiert als importiert,ist die Handelsbilanz also positiv.Produkte…made in Germany“sind begehrt.Daran hat sich in Jahrzehnten kaum etwas geändert,auch wenn die Konkurrenz auf den Weltmärkten gewaltig geworden ist.Dieser Exportweltmeister punktet mit der Größe seines Sozialproduktes,mit Patentmeldungen,als Hightech-und Forschungsstandort.Die deutsche Wirtschaft wuchs nach der Katastrophe des Zweiten Weltkrieges überraschend schnell zu einer der führenden Wirtschaften Europas und dann der Welt heran.Ein solides Konzept,das der sozialen Marktwirtschaft,die solide D-Mark, ehrgeizige Menschen und technisches Können brachten die deutsche Wirtschaft schnell voran.Auch der Wohlstand wuchsüber Jahrzehnte.Weltweit liegt zwar noch ein Dutzend Länder mit ihrem Pro-Kopf-Einkommen vor Deutschland,dennoch gehört Deutschland zu der Gruppe der sehr wohlhabenden Länder,und die Einkommen sind relativ gleichmäßig verteilt.Die Bundesrepublik Deutschland befürwortet den freien Welthandel und ist gegen jede Form von Protektionismus.Da sie rund ein Drittel ihres Bruttoinlandsprodukts exportiert,ist sie auf offene Märkte angewiesen.Für die deutsche Wirtschaft ist es lebenswichtig,den europäischen Binnenmarkt auszubauen und sich außerhalb der Europäischen Union alte Märkte zu erhalten und neue zu erschließen.Dem marktwirtschaftlichen Kurs nach innen entspricht nach außen das beharrliche Eintreten für offene Märkte und freien Welthandel.Text2（30分）Berlin ist politische Hauptstadt,ein wirtschaftliches und wissenschaftliches Zentrum,ein bedeutender Messe-und Kongressplatz,eine Kulturmetropole und ein Einkaufsparadies.Berlin ist die meistbesuchte Stadt Deutschlands und folgt im europäischen Vergleich auf London,Paris und Rom.Berlin zählte2002fast fünf Millionen Hotelgäste mit knapp11MillionenÜbernachtungen.Hinzu kommen jährlich rund60Millionen Touristen und knapp sieben Millionen Geschäftsreisende, die sich nur einen Tag in der Stadt aufhalten.Etwa550Beherbergungsbetriebe bieten weitüber60000Gästebetten.7000gastronomische Betriebe sorgen für ein internationales Angebot.Der Tourismus ist ein bedeutender Zweig der Berliner Wirtschaft.66000Beschäftigte erzielten in dieser Branche zuletzt einen Jahresumsatz von5,2Milliarden Euro.Charlottenburg war zu Zeiten der Teilung der Stadt das Zentrum Westberlins. Der Bahnhof Zoo,der Kurfürstendamm und die Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gedächtniskirche, die nach ihrer Zerstörung1943als mahnende Ruine erhalten blieb,sind heute noch erste Anlaufstellen.Der Schloss Charlottenburg ist eine prächtige Barock-Residenz.Der Tiergarten ist das politische Zentrum Deutschlands.Der Bundespräsident residiert im Schloss Bellevue,der Bundeskanzler arbeitet und lebt im mächtigen Bau des neuen Bundeskanzleramtes,und der Bundestag tagt im umgestalteten Reichstagsgebäude.Am Südrand des Tiergarten-Parks wurde mit zahlreichen Botschaften das Diplomatenviertel wiederbelebt.Köpenick ist der größte Berliner Stadtbezirk.Das auf einer Insel gegründete einstige Fischerdorf hat sich mit seinem Rathaus und den engen Gassen den Charme einer Kleinstadt erhalten.Kreuzberg war schon in der geteilten Stadt der Berliner Szenebezirk,geprägt von dem Zusammenleben verschiedener Kulturen,sozialen Randgruppen und einer alternativen Szene.Nach dem Mauerfall rückte der Bezirk in das geographische Zentrum Berlins,wurde schicker,ohne allerdings seinen alternativen Flair zu verlieren.Sehenswert ist der verbliebene Mauerstreifen an der Niederkirchnerstraße und natürlich der Checkpoint Charlie,der einstige Grenzübergang zwischen Ost-und Westberlin,an dem sich1961nach dem Bau der Berliner Mauer sowjetische und amerikanische Panzer gegenüber standen.Die Geschichte der Mauer wird in einem Museum gezeigt.Das Brandenburger Tor steht für Teilung und Wiedervereinigung der Stadt.Den Alexanderplatzüberragt der365Meter hohe Fernsehturm.Die Museumsinsel mit ihren klassizistischen Prachtbauten ist Weltkulturerbe.Teil IIÜbersetzen Sie die folgenden Texte aus dem Chinesischen ins Deutsche!（共40分）Text1（20分）2002年底，中国共有女性人口6.2亿人，占人口总数的48.5%。

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2019.11 英语三级笔译实务汉译英试题CE作为中国浙江省省会城市,杭州是中国著名历史文化名城.距今约5300多年的良渚文化遗址(位于杭州余杭区）是中华文明发祥地之一。

杭州以美丽的山水著称于世。

中国古代谚语“上有天堂，下有苏杭"表达出古往今来人们对于这座美丽城市的由衷喜爱。

位于杭州西南的西湖，以其秀丽的湖光山色和众多名胜古迹而成为闻名中外的旅游胜城，2011年被正式列入《世界遗产名录》。

此外，气势浩荡的钱江大潮,每年吸引无数游客。

杭州拥有丰富的历史文化遗迹。

南起杭州,北到北京的京杭大运河始建于1631年，全长约1797公里，是世界上最长、最古老的人工水道。

2014年6月22日，京杭大运河正式入选《世界遗产名录》。

在世界上,杭州也颇具有知名度。

13世纪，意大利著名旅行家马可·波罗在游记中赞叹杭州为“世界上最美丽之城”。

2011年，杭州曾被美国《纽约时报》评为全球41个旅游城市之一，被联合国评为“国际花园城市”.杭州还曾在中美建交过程中扮演重要角色，2015年1月，中国提出发展“旅游外交”。

杭州作为著名旅游城市，又率先实践“旅游外交”。

2019.06 CATTI 英语三级笔译实务试题ECBoth WHO’s constitution and the declaration assert that health is a human right, not a privilege for those who can afford it. Over time， that right has made its way into both national and international law. But importantly, the right to health is not simply a noble idea on a piece of paper。

In the past 70 years， it has been a platform for major improvements in global health. Since 1948， lifeexpectancy has increased by 25 years. Maternal and childhood mortality have plummeted。

Parte I Tradução português-chinês（50pontos）Traduza o seguinte texto para chinês.Chegara ali novo,sadio e com vontade de trabalhar.De uma família pobre e nascido numa vila do interior de poucos recursos económicos e naturais,para além da ilusão de modificar o seu destino pouco mais trazia no taleigo.Contratado para trabalhar na Ferrominas,acomodou-se com outros mineiros em habitações que se construíram para o efeito.Desde os primeiros dias se familiarizou com a presença das queijeiras,que cruzava amiúde pelo carreiro que o levava a ele para o seu trabalho e a elas para a venda do queijo.De início,interrogou-se donde viriam.Mas num dia em que o calor e o cansaço convidaram ao repouso merecido do almoço,aventurou o olhar e as pernas em direção ao Vale.A distância percorrida foi insignificante para a desmesura do que avistou:em baixo,um harmonioso casario de xisto e de telha parda perdido por entre as mais variegadasárvores de fruto em flor e hortas semeadas,onde se vislumbrava ainda alguma habitação coberta de colmo,extasiou-lhe a retina da visão.A cismar com os seus botões,não reprimiu a expressão:“Ela vem láde baixo, sópode ser…”.Antes de pegar ao trabalho,de manhã,deu em aproximar-se do caminho estreito por onde diariamente subiam,em grupo,as mulheres e as moças de cestasàcabeça. Dava os bons dias e observava.Os seus olhos escolhiam sempre o mesmo alvo;a cachopa era maneirinha,delgada,de rosetas nas faces e punha uma profundidade tal na mirada que lhe relanceava!…Bastava tal para lhe acalentar o sonho e o desejo de lhe falar e que,desde o primeiro dia em que a vira,o consumiam.Na manhãem que quase desistira de persistir no seu intento,pois arrastou-se ao local apenas por lealdade ao que para ele jánão passava de uma utopia,eis que lhe surge como uma aparição celestial a sua nobre donzela,sem qualquer companhia.Naquela manhãum pouco fria,trazia o xaile pela cabeça,que atéàsuave curva do quadril a o o visse chegar silencioso,apreensivo e um pouco hesitante,dirigiu-se-lhe ela num sorriso aberto e confiada e com o mesmo brilho de sempre nos olhos cor de avelã:“Bons dias nos dêDeus!”A grande custo,láarticulou também ele,em seguida,um tímido bom-dia.A cada momento que passava,foi granhado uma tão inesperada coragem,que,antes de se despedirem,jáele tinha pedido em namoro.Sem dizer que sim,o riso com que ela o agraciou era mais do que prometedor.Passado não muito tempo,casaram.Tiveram três filhos e viviam felizes.Para fazer a vontade ao sogro atédeixou de ser mineiro, profissão que o seu pai também abraçara,e consentiu que este lhe ensinasse os segredos da lavoira.Alto e de compleição robusta,também a trabalhar a terra fazia inveja aos demais.Porém,mesmo com todo o seu esforço e o seu empenho,pouco sobrava do que lhes era indispensável para assegurar a sua sobrevivência.Parte II Tradução chinês-português（50pontos）Traduza o seguinte texto para português.里斯本大学孔子学院于2008年揭牌成立。

2011年5月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试三级笔译实务Section 1 English-Chinese Translation (英译汉) (60 points)Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this section is 120 minutes.The prehistoric monument of Stonehenge stands tall in the British countryside as one of the last remnants of the Neolithic Age. Recently it has also become the latest symbol of another era: the new fiscal austerity.A plan to replace the site’s run-down visitors center with one almost five times bigger and to close a busy road that runs along the 5,000-year-old monument had to be mothballed in June. The British government had suddenly withdrawn ￡10 million, or $16 million, in financing for the project as part of a budget austerity.Stonehenge, once a temple with giant stone slabs aligned in a circle to mark the passage of the sun, is among the most prominent victims of the government’s spending cuts. The decision was heavily criticized by local lawmakers, especially because Stonehenge, a UNESCO World Heritage site, was part of London’s successful bid to host the 2012 Olympic Games. The shabby visitors’ center there now is already too small for the 950,000 people who visit Stonehenge each year, let alone the additional onslaught of tourists expected for the Games, the official says.Stonehenge is the busiest tourist attraction in Britain’s southwest, topping even Windsor Castle. But no major improvements have been made to the facilities there since they were built 40 years ago. For now, portable toilets lead from a crammed parking lot, a makeshift souvenir shop in a tent, a ticket office opposite a small kiosk that sells coffee and snacks.The overhaul was scheduled for next spring in 2011. The plan, held by Denton Corker Marshall, the architectural firm, would keep the stone monument itself unchanged. But the current ticket office and shop would be demolished and a new visitors’ center would be built on the other side of the monument, about 2.5 kilometers, or 1.5 miles, from the stones. The center would have included a shop almost five times the size of the current one, a proper restaurant, three times as many parking spots and an exhibiti on space to provide more information about Stonehenge’s history.A transit system would have shuttled visitors between the center and the stones while footpaths would have encouraged tourists to walk to the monument and explore the surrounding burial hills. The closed road would be grassed over to improve the surrounding landscape.Last year, the ￡27 million project won the backing of former Prime Minister Gordon Brown. After more than 25 years of bickering with local communities about how and where to build the new center, planning permission was granted in January. Construction was supposed to start and be completed in time for the Olympics, but the economic recession has changed.The new prime minister, David Cameron, has reversed many of his predec essor’s promises as part of a program to cut more than ￡99 billion annually over a period of five years to help toclose a gaping budget deficit. The financing for Stonehenge fell in the first round of cuts, worth about ￡6.2 billion, from the budget for the current year, along with support for a hospital and the British Film Institute.English Heritage, a partly government-financed organization that owns Stonehenge and more than 400 other historic sites in the country, is now aggressively looking for private donations. But the economic downturn has made the endeavor more difficult.Loraine Knowles, Stonehenge’s project director, said she was disappointed that the government had withdrawn money while continuing to support museums in London. But she said she was hopeful that English Heritage could raise the money elsewhere. Stonehenge, she said, could then also become “a shining example of how philanthropy could work.”Section 2 Chinese-English Translation (汉译英) (40 points)Translate the following passage into English. The time for this section is 60 minutes.坚持对外开放基本国策，坚定不移地发展开放型经济、奉行互利共赢的开放战略，是改革开放30多年来中国经济持续快速发展的一条成功经验。