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真空泵英文文献

Vacuum Pump Overview

Xue Jianguo

(Jiangsu Asia Pacific pump valve technology limited company, Jiangsu Taizhou 225400) Abstract: Vacuum pump is an enormous quantity of products, yield great wide, the

output is not high,but it is really a directly affect the vacuum equipment performance quality indispensable based products.The vacuum pump market in accordance with the needs of users and happen dynamics.Market growth from the main driving force of the rapid development of the semiconductor industry and dry pump

and molecular pump application field of widening.

Keywords: vacuum pump; market development; expand

Introduction:At present,the vacuum pump market sales of about $20 billion in annual rate around 7%. Our production of vacuum pump manufacturer of vacuum pump, all in

many sales are about 1.5billion yuan, is only American KINNEY company annual sales

of vacuum pump [1,2]

. Based on the analysis of global vacuum pump market we can see

that all types of vacuum pump market and application fields are constantly changing and developing.Our country vacuum pump manufacturing has a long history and strong foundation, homebred vacuum pump has been applied in many different fields and

validated,some pumps also exported abroad,get foreign customers approval and good reputation,it should be said that China vacuum pump manufacturing in domestic and international market still has the huge development space.

1. Water-ring vacuum pump

Although water-ring vacuum pump belongs to rough vacuum pumps, but in our country of petroleum, chemical industry, electric power, textile, paper, pharmaceutical products still has a large market. In a foreign country, water ring vacuum pumps sales total market of 14% [3] , after dry pump, so SEIMEMS and NASH, such companies in China KINNEY investment and construction or establish sales network, and constantly expand in our market share[3] . Because water ring pumps are mostly

improvement, narrow the volume, lose weight, increase efficiency, reduce the energy consumption.

2.Rotary piston pump

Rotary piston pump is a kind of oil seal type vacuum pump. Because rotary piston pump more durable, reliable, various domestic and international vacuum furnace, coaters and drying equipment, dipping with rotary piston pump is a former level rotary piston pump pump, but casting heavy, processing larger workload, so the foreign vacuum factory all seek partnership in China. In order to make the homemade rotary piston pump can enter the international market, we must further reduce pump vibration noise, prevent leakage and improve injection and rotary piston pump long-term operation reliability.

3. Straight league rotary vane pumps

Along with the vacuum technology in each application domain expands unceasingly, straight league rotary vane pumps the growing demand. Because of this pump number, processing and assembling workload is very big, price is very low, so some foreign vacuum manufacturers in China build plants. Domestic small and medium-sized straight league rotary vane pumps in technology have pass, price and far than foreign pump cheap, so domestic pump still has a competitive advantage, the key is to solve the shaft seal leakage and rotary vane materials and vacuum pump oil performance quality problems, ensure that straight league pump in the high speed, high temperature performance is stable and reliable operation, and meanwhile, further improve the domestic straight league rotary vane pumps besides water vapor ability. 4. ROM Bates vacuum pump

From abroad ROM Bates vacuum pump production situation, the foreign several big companies, such as the LEYBOLD, ALCATELL BALZERS, EDWARDS and ULVAC, they each ROM sales of Bates pump of world ROM Bates pump sales proportion of more than 5%, which are not only 20%, total 5 home Bates pump output robben is not

improvement, narrow the volume, lose weight, increase efficiency, reduce the energy consumption.

2.Rotary piston pump

Rotary piston pump is a kind of oil seal type vacuum pump. Because rotary piston pump more durable, reliable, various domestic and international vacuum furnace, coaters and drying equipment, dipping with rotary piston pump is a former level rotary piston pump pump, but casting heavy, processing larger workload, so the foreign vacuum factory all seek partnership in China. In order to make the homemade rotary piston pump can enter the international market, we must further reduce pump vibration noise, prevent leakage and improve injection and rotary piston pump long-term operation reliability.

3. Straight league rotary vane pumps

Along with the vacuum technology in each application domain expands unceasingly, straight league rotary vane pumps the growing demand. Because of this pump number, processing and assembling workload is very big, price is very low, so some foreign vacuum manufacturers in China build plants. Domestic small and medium-sized straight league rotary vane pumps in technology have pass, price and far than foreign pump cheap, so domestic pump still has a competitive advantage, the key is to solve the shaft seal leakage and rotary vane materials and vacuum pump oil performance quality problems, ensure that straight league pump in the high speed, high temperature performance is stable and reliable operation, and meanwhile, further improve the domestic straight league rotary vane pumps besides water vapor ability. 4. ROM Bates vacuum pump

From abroad ROM Bates vacuum pump production situation, the foreign several big companies, such as the LEYBOLD, ALCATELL BALZERS, EDWARDS and ULVAC, they each ROM sales of Bates pump of world ROM Bates pump sales proportion of more than 5%, which are not only 20%, total 5 home Bates pump output robben is not big, but foreign ROM Bates pump prices than domestic pump is much

improvement, narrow the volume, lose weight, increase efficiency, reduce the energy consumption.

2.Rotary piston pump

Rotary piston pump is a kind of oil seal type vacuum pump. Because rotary piston pump more durable, reliable, various domestic and international vacuum furnace, coaters and drying equipment, dipping with rotary piston pump is a former level rotary piston pump pump, but casting heavy, processing larger workload, so the foreign vacuum factory all seek partnership in China. In order to make the homemade rotary piston pump can enter the international market, we must further reduce pump vibration noise, prevent leakage and improve injection and rotary piston pump long-term operation reliability.

3. Straight league rotary vane pumps

Along with the vacuum technology in each application domain expands unceasingly, straight league rotary vane pumps the growing demand. Because of this pump number, processing and assembling workload is very big, price is very low, so some foreign vacuum manufacturers in China build plants. Domestic small and medium-sized straight league rotary vane pumps in technology have pass, price and far than foreign pump cheap, so domestic pump still has a competitive advantage, the key is to solve the shaft seal leakage and rotary vane materials and vacuum pump oil performance quality problems, ensure that straight league pump in the high speed, high temperature performance is stable and reliable operation, and meanwhile, further improve the domestic straight league rotary vane pumps besides water vapor ability. 4. ROM Bates vacuum pump

From abroad ROM Bates vacuum pump production situation, the foreign several big companies, such as the LEYBOLD, ALCATELL BALZERS, EDWARDS and ULVAC, they each ROM sales of Bates pump of world ROM Bates pump sales proportion of more than 5%, which are not only 20%, total 5 home Bates pump output robben is not big, but foreign ROM Bates pump prices than domestic pump is much

improvement, narrow the volume, lose weight, increase efficiency, reduce the energy consumption.

2.Rotary piston pump

Rotary piston pump is a kind of oil seal type vacuum pump. Because rotary piston pump more durable, reliable, various domestic and international vacuum furnace, coaters and drying equipment, dipping with rotary piston pump is a former level rotary piston pump pump, but casting heavy, processing larger workload, so the foreign vacuum factory all seek partnership in China. In order to make the homemade rotary piston pump can enter the international market, we must further reduce pump vibration noise, prevent leakage and improve injection and rotary piston pump long-term operation reliability.

3. Straight league rotary vane pumps

Along with the vacuum technology in each application domain expands unceasingly, straight league rotary vane pumps the growing demand. Because of this pump number, processing and assembling workload is very big, price is very low, so some foreign vacuum manufacturers in China build plants. Domestic small and medium-sized straight league rotary vane pumps in technology have pass, price and far than foreign pump cheap, so domestic pump still has a competitive advantage, the key is to solve the shaft seal leakage and rotary vane materials and vacuum pump oil performance quality problems, ensure that straight league pump in the high speed, high temperature performance is stable and reliable operation, and meanwhile, further improve the domestic straight league rotary vane pumps besides water vapor ability. 4. ROM Bates vacuum pump

From abroad ROM Bates vacuum pump production situation, the foreign several big companies, such as the LEYBOLD, ALCATELL BALZERS, EDWARDS and ULVAC, they each ROM sales of Bates pump of world ROM Bates pump sales proportion of more than 5%, which are not only 20%, total 5 home Bates pump output robben is not big, but foreign ROM Bates pump prices than domestic pump is much

improvement, narrow the volume, lose weight, increase efficiency, reduce the energy consumption.

2.Rotary piston pump

Rotary piston pump is a kind of oil seal type vacuum pump. Because rotary piston pump more durable, reliable, various domestic and international vacuum furnace, coaters and drying equipment, dipping with rotary piston pump is a former level rotary piston pump pump, but casting heavy, processing larger workload, so the foreign vacuum factory all seek partnership in China. In order to make the homemade rotary piston pump can enter the international market, we must further reduce pump vibration noise, prevent leakage and improve injection and rotary piston pump long-term operation reliability.

3. Straight league rotary vane pumps

Along with the vacuum technology in each application domain expands unceasingly, straight league rotary vane pumps the growing demand. Because of this pump number, processing and assembling workload is very big, price is very low, so some foreign vacuum manufacturers in China build plants. Domestic small and medium-sized straight league rotary vane pumps in technology have pass, price and far than foreign pump cheap, so domestic pump still has a competitive advantage, the key is to solve the shaft seal leakage and rotary vane materials and vacuum pump oil performance quality problems, ensure that straight league pump in the high speed, high temperature performance is stable and reliable operation, and meanwhile, further improve the domestic straight league rotary vane pumps besides water vapor ability. 4. ROM Bates vacuum pump

From abroad ROM Bates vacuum pump production situation, the foreign several big companies, such as the LEYBOLD, ALCATELL BALZERS, EDWARDS and ULVAC, they each ROM sales of Bates pump of world ROM Bates pump sales proportion of more than 5%, which are not only 20%, total 5 home Bates pump output robben is not big, but foreign ROM Bates pump prices than domestic pump is much

improvement, narrow the volume, lose weight, increase efficiency, reduce the energy consumption.

2.Rotary piston pump

Rotary piston pump is a kind of oil seal type vacuum pump. Because rotary piston pump more durable, reliable, various domestic and international vacuum furnace, coaters and drying equipment, dipping with rotary piston pump is a former level rotary piston pump pump, but casting heavy, processing larger workload, so the foreign vacuum factory all seek partnership in China. In order to make the homemade rotary piston pump can enter the international market, we must further reduce pump vibration noise, prevent leakage and improve injection and rotary piston pump long-term operation reliability.

3. Straight league rotary vane pumps

Along with the vacuum technology in each application domain expands unceasingly, straight league rotary vane pumps the growing demand. Because of this pump number, processing and assembling workload is very big, price is very low, so some foreign vacuum manufacturers in China build plants. Domestic small and medium-sized straight league rotary vane pumps in technology have pass, price and far than foreign pump cheap, so domestic pump still has a competitive advantage, the key is to solve the shaft seal leakage and rotary vane materials and vacuum pump oil performance quality problems, ensure that straight league pump in the high speed, high temperature performance is stable and reliable operation, and meanwhile, further improve the domestic straight league rotary vane pumps besides water vapor ability. 4. ROM Bates vacuum pump

From abroad ROM Bates vacuum pump production situation, the foreign several big companies, such as the LEYBOLD, ALCATELL BALZERS, EDWARDS and ULVAC, they each ROM sales of Bates pump of world ROM Bates pump sales proportion of more than 5%, which are not only 20%, total 5 home Bates pump output robben is not big, but foreign ROM Bates pump prices than domestic pump is much

improvement, narrow the volume, lose weight, increase efficiency, reduce the energy consumption.

2.Rotary piston pump

Rotary piston pump is a kind of oil seal type vacuum pump. Because rotary piston pump more durable, reliable, various domestic and international vacuum furnace, coaters and drying equipment, dipping with rotary piston pump is a former level rotary piston pump pump, but casting heavy, processing larger workload, so the foreign vacuum factory all seek partnership in China. In order to make the homemade rotary piston pump can enter the international market, we must further reduce pump vibration noise, prevent leakage and improve injection and rotary piston pump long-term operation reliability.

3. Straight league rotary vane pumps

Along with the vacuum technology in each application domain expands unceasingly, straight league rotary vane pumps the growing demand. Because of this pump number, processing and assembling workload is very big, price is very low, so some foreign vacuum manufacturers in China build plants. Domestic small and medium-sized straight league rotary vane pumps in technology have pass, price and far than foreign pump cheap, so domestic pump still has a competitive advantage, the key is to solve the shaft seal leakage and rotary vane materials and vacuum pump oil performance quality problems, ensure that straight league pump in the high speed, high temperature performance is stable and reliable operation, and meanwhile, further improve the domestic straight league rotary vane pumps besides water vapor ability. 4. ROM Bates vacuum pump

From abroad ROM Bates vacuum pump production situation, the foreign several big companies, such as the LEYBOLD, ALCATELL BALZERS, EDWARDS and ULVAC, they each ROM sales of Bates pump of world ROM Bates pump sales proportion of more than 5%, which are not only 20%, total 5 home Bates pump output robben is not big, but foreign ROM Bates pump prices than domestic pump is much

improvement, narrow the volume, lose weight, increase efficiency, reduce the energy consumption.

2.Rotary piston pump

Rotary piston pump is a kind of oil seal type vacuum pump. Because rotary piston pump more durable, reliable, various domestic and international vacuum furnace, coaters and drying equipment, dipping with rotary piston pump is a former level rotary piston pump pump, but casting heavy, processing larger workload, so the foreign vacuum factory all seek partnership in China. In order to make the homemade rotary piston pump can enter the international market, we must further reduce pump vibration noise, prevent leakage and improve injection and rotary piston pump long-term operation reliability.

3. Straight league rotary vane pumps

Along with the vacuum technology in each application domain expands unceasingly, straight league rotary vane pumps the growing demand. Because of this pump number, processing and assembling workload is very big, price is very low, so some foreign vacuum manufacturers in China build plants. Domestic small and medium-sized straight league rotary vane pumps in technology have pass, price and far than foreign pump cheap, so domestic pump still has a competitive advantage, the key is to solve the shaft seal leakage and rotary vane materials and vacuum pump oil performance quality problems, ensure that straight league pump in the high speed, high temperature performance is stable and reliable operation, and meanwhile, further improve the domestic straight league rotary vane pumps besides water vapor ability. 4. ROM Bates vacuum pump

From abroad ROM Bates vacuum pump production situation, the foreign several big companies, such as the LEYBOLD, ALCATELL BALZERS, EDWARDS and ULVAC, they each ROM sales of Bates pump of world ROM Bates pump sales proportion of more than 5%, which are not only 20%, total 5 home Bates pump output robben is not big, but foreign ROM Bates pump prices than domestic pump is much

参考文献(Bibliography)格式和要求的具体说明 一、总体格式和要求 1.本科毕业论文的参考文献页应该单独起页。 2.参考文献的数量不得少于10项,必须要有外文条目。 3.参考文献一般应包括尾注的所有条目,另外还可以列入自己读过的、对论文写作影响较大但未引用的文献。 4.参考文献中如兼有多语种条目,则应分开排列,先外语后中文。外语条目按照文献条目首词字母排序,中 文条目按照文献开头的拼音排序;如文献开头的字母或拼音相同,依序参照其后的字母或拼音排序。 5.参考文献同一个条目内部不可中英文夹杂,一般应与文献使用的语种一致,要么用英文,要么用中文书写。 6.英文文献字体是Times New Roman,使用英文标点符号;汉语文献字体是宋体,采用中文标点符号。 7.参考文献须悬挂缩进,即每一条目的第二行开始缩进5字符。 8.参考文献按1.5倍行距排列,不同条目之间空一行。 9.英文条目各部分的首字母需要大写,文献中的实词和超过5个字母的介词也需要首字母大写。 二、作者部分的写法 1. 英文参考文献中作者部分的写法: 作者姓氏, 首名中名. 如不是为了区别重名的不同作者,中名可省略。 例如:Shatzkin, Leonard. In Cold Type: Overcoming the Book Crisis. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1982. 首名、中名可用首字母加实心点缩略表示: Shatzkin, L.. In Cold Type: Overcoming the Book Crisis. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1982. 如有多个作者,从第二个作者开始姓、名不颠倒,即:作者1姓氏, 首名中名, and 作者2首名中名姓氏:Shatzkin, L., Stephen Crane, and Michael Jackson. In Cold Type: Overcoming the Book Crisis. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1982. 2.中文参考文献中作者部分的写法: 作者姓名,后接空格。 如:廖七一“庞德与胡适诗歌翻译的文化思考”,《外国语》2003(6),第54-59页。 多个作者:桂诗春、宁春岩《XXXXX》,北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1997。 编著:桂诗春、宁春岩主编《语言学方法论》,北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1997。 译著:尤金·奈达著,严久生译《语言文化与翻译》,呼和浩特:内蒙古大学出版社,1998。 3. 若著者为公司或机构时,直接将公司或机构作为作者: 英文文献: Sichuan International Studies University. In Cold Type: Overcoming the Book Crisis. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1982. 中文文献: 中国对外翻译出版公司《诗词翻译的艺术》,北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,1987。 三、英文参考文献的格式 1.专著

目录 一、概述 (5) 二、结构原理 (6) 三、性能参数 (12) 四、安装尺寸表 (15) 五、拆箱安装 (16) 六、使用说明 (18) 七、维护保养 (19) 八、故障排除 (20) 九、维修 (22)

一、2X型旋片式真空泵的产品用途及使用范围: 1、2X型旋片式真空泵是用以抽除特定密封容器内的气体,使该容器获得一定真空的基本设备,由于现代科学技术的高度发展,真空泵的应用遍及各个科学领域和各种企业事业单位,可供冶金、化工、轻工、石油、医疗、制药、印染、电器、电真空、半导体、食品、原子能、纺织等科研机关、大专院校、工矿企业作科研和生产与教学之用。 2、由于旋片式真空泵是用黑色金属制造,而且比较精密,整个泵的工作都是联系在一起的,所以旋片式真空泵不适用于抽除含氧过高的、有毒的、有爆炸性的浸蚀黑色金属的和对真空油起化学作用的各种气体,也不可做为压缩机和输送泵使用。如有气镇装置的泵,可抽除一定地的可凝汽体。, 3、旋片式真空泵可以用来直接获得真空度在10~3托以下的真空作业,以及配合其它真空作业之用。 4、旋片式真空泵一般在不低于5℃的室温及不高于90%的相对温度的环境内使用。二、2X型旋片式真空泵的结构及原理: 5、图1是旋片式真空泵泵原理图,转子3及7与高真空室外1及低真空室6相切,转子3及7沿箭头方向旋转,带动转子槽内滑动的转片旋转,由于弹簧9及离心力的作用, 转片外端紧贴高低真空室的内表面滑动,把转子与高低真空室所形成的月洼形空间从进气嘴2到排气阀门5和从过气管4到排气阀门10之间分隔开来,形成二或三个容积,并且周期性的大小变化,当在图示旋片式真空泵位置继续旋转时A及C容积逐渐增大,被抽容积气体没进气嘴进入泵内,同时B及D容积逐渐减少,压力升高,随后冲开排气阀门5及10,将气体排出真空室外,气体经过油面而排于大气之中,因为油是淹 住排气门的,故能防止气体返回真空室。当抽气压强较高时,高低真空室的阀门都排气,相当于单级泵,当真空度较高时,全部气体进入真空室,再由排气阀门10排出,此时二级串联即进入双级泵工作。 如被抽除的气体中含有较高的蒸汽气体时,在气体受到压缩而其蒸汽的分压强超过此蒸汽在泵内温度

德国莱宝真空泵故障如何排除 德国莱宝真空泵故障如何排除:德国莱宝真空泵故障德国莱宝真空泵故障可能的原因德国莱宝真空泵故障处理方法备注*德国莱宝真空泵不能启动泵连接错误正确连接泵2.3电机保护开关设置不正确正确设定电机保护开关2.3工作电压与电机不匹配更换电机电机故障更换电机油温低于12℃(54℉)把泵和泵油加热或用不同牌号的油1.8油粘度太大使用合适牌号的油3.3排气过滤器/排气管路堵塞更换过滤器或清洗排气管路3.4泵被卡死(现象:泵卡住)检修泵3.11/3.12德国莱宝真空泵不能达到测量方法或使用的规管不当使用正确的测量方法和规管2.7德国莱宝真空泵极限压力外部泄漏-1)-管道接头松了检修泵–重新紧固管接头浮球阀没关紧检修阀门3.9防返油阀失灵检修阀门3.6排气阀失灵检修阀门3.10德国莱宝真空泵润滑不良使用的油不对或油已污染更换油(如有必要,进行脱气处理)3.3-油过滤器堵塞更换油过滤器-油管路堵塞清洗油管路和油箱真空管路太脏清洗真空管路泵太小如果必要的话,根据工艺更换泵德国莱宝真空泵抽速太低进口滤网堵塞清洗滤网3.5措施:在进气管路安装一个粉尘过滤器1.4/2.2.1排气过滤器堵塞安装新过滤器元件3.4连接的管路管径太小或太长使用大直径和短的连接管路2.2防返油阀难以打开检查弹簧自由度德国莱宝真空泵在真空下系统有漏检查系统停车后防返油阀失灵检修阀门3.6德国莱宝真空泵系统内压力回升很快德国莱宝真空泵太热风冷系统流通不畅正确安放泵2.1冷却器太脏清洗冷却器3.8环境温度太高正确安放泵2.1工艺气体太热改变工艺油位太低加油到正常油位3.3使用的油不对更换油3.3油循环堵塞清洗或检修油管路排气过滤器/排气管路堵塞更换排气过滤器,清洗排气管路3.4排气阀失灵检修阀门3.10泵芯寿命已到更换泵芯3.11德国莱宝真空泵油进入进气管路或进入真空容器油来自真空系统检查真空系统3防返油阀堵塞清洗或检修防返油阀3.6防返油阀的密封面损坏或太脏清洗或检修进气口和防返油阀3.6油位太高放掉过量的油3.3德国莱宝真空泵油消耗太多,在出口有油雾油混浊排气过滤器堵塞或损坏更换过滤器3.9浮球阀的油咀堵塞检查阀门,清洗油咀3.3油位太高放掉多余的油,油除气或换油,清洗泵2.5.2/3.2.2冷凝方法:打开气镇阀或在进气管路上装一个冷凝器清洗气镇进气过滤器3.7德国莱宝真空泵噪声过大油位很低(看不见油)加油3.3油过滤器堵塞更换油和过滤器3.3联轴器垫磨损安装新联轴器垫3.11系统有大的真空泄漏检修直空泄漏3.11/3.12

中文参考文献格式 参考文献(即引文出处)的类型以单字母方式标识: M——专著,C——论文集,N——报纸文章,J——期刊文章,D——学位论文,R——报告,S——标准,P——专利;对于不属于上述的文献类型,采用字母“Z”标识。 参考文献一律置于文末。其格式为: (一)专著 示例 [1] 张志建.严复思想研究[M]. 桂林:广西师范大学出版社,1989. [2] 马克思恩格斯全集:第1卷[M]. 北京:人民出版社,1956. [3] [英]蔼理士.性心理学[M]. 潘光旦译注.北京:商务印书馆,1997. (二)论文集 示例 [1] 伍蠡甫.西方文论选[C]. 上海:上海译文出版社,1979. [2] 别林斯基.论俄国中篇小说和果戈里君的中篇小说[A]. 伍蠡甫.西方文论选:下册[C]. 上海:上海译文出版社,1979. 凡引专著的页码,加圆括号置于文中序号之后。 (三)报纸文章 示例 [1] 李大伦.经济全球化的重要性[N]. 光明日报,1998-12-27,(3) (四)期刊文章 示例 [1] 郭英德.元明文学史观散论[J]. 北京师范大学学报(社会科学版),1995(3). (五)学位论文 示例 [1] 刘伟.汉字不同视觉识别方式的理论和实证研究[D]. 北京:北京师范大学心理系,1998. (六)报告 示例 [1] 白秀水,刘敢,任保平. 西安金融、人才、技术三大要素市场培育与发展研究[R]. 西安:陕西师范大学西北经济发展研究中心,1998. (七)、对论文正文中某一特定内容的进一步解释或补充说明性的注释,置于本页地脚,前面用圈码标识。 参考文献的类型 根据GB3469-83《文献类型与文献载体代码》规定,以单字母标识: M——专著(含古籍中的史、志论著) C——论文集 N——报纸文章 J——期刊文章 D——学位论文 R——研究报告 S——标准 P——专利 A——专著、论文集中的析出文献 Z——其他未说明的文献类型 电子文献类型以双字母作为标识: DB——数据库 CP——计算机程序 EB——电子公告

英语毕业论文引用和参考文献格式 英语专业毕业论文引用和参考文献格式采用APA格式及规。 一、文中夹注格式 英语学位论文引用别人的观点、方法、言论必须注明出处,注明出处时使用括号夹注的方法(一般不使用脚注或者尾注),且一般应在正文后面的参考文献中列出。关于夹注,采用APA格式。 (一)引用整篇文献的观点 引用整篇文献(即全书或全文)观点时有两种情况: 1.作者的姓氏在正文中没有出现,如: Charlotte and Emily Bronte were polar opposites, not only in their personalities but in their sources of inspiration for writing (Taylor, 1990). 2. 作者的姓氏已在正文同一句中出现,如: Taylor claims that Charlotte and Emily Bronte were polar opposites, not only in their personalities but in their sources of inspiration for writing (1990). 3. 如果作者的姓氏和文献出版年份均已在正文同一句中出现,按APA的规不需使用括号夹注,如: In a 1990 article, Taylor claims that Charlotte and Emily Bronte were polar opposites, not only in their personalities but in their sources of inspiration for writing. 4. 在英文撰写的论文中引用中文著作或者期刊,括号夹注中只需用汉语拼音标明作者的姓氏,不得使用汉字,如:(Zhang, 2005) (二)引用文献中具体观点或文字 引用文献中某一具体观点或文字时必须注明该观点或者该段文字出现的页码出版年份,没有页码是文献引用不规的表现。 1.引用一位作者的文献 (1)引用容在一页,如: Emily Bronte “expressed increasing hostility for the world of human relationships, whether sexual or social” (Taylor, 1988:11). (2)引用容在多页上,如: Newmark (1988:39-40) notes three characteristically expressive text-types: (a) serious imaginative literature (e.g. lyrical poetry); (b) authoritative statements (political speeches and documents, statutes and legal documents, philosophical and academic works by acknowledged authorities); (c) autobiography, essays, personal correspondence (when these are personal effusions).

英文引用及参考文献格式要求 一、参考文献的类型 参考文献(即引文出处)的类型以单字母方式标识,具体如下: M——专著C——论文集N——报纸文章 J——期刊文章D——学位论文R——报告 对于不属于上述的文献类型,采用字母“Z”标识。 对于英文参考文献,还应注意以下两点: ①作者姓名采用“姓在前名在后”原则,具体格式是:姓,名字的首字母.如:MalcolmRichardCowley应为:Cowley,M.R.,如果有两位作者,第一位作者方式不变,&之后第二位作者名字的首字母放在前面,姓放在后面,如:FrankNorris与IrvingGordon应为:Norris,F.&I.Gordon.; ②书名、报刊名使用斜体字,如:MasteringEnglishLiterature,EnglishWeekly。 二、参考文献的格式及举例 1.期刊类 【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[J].刊名,出版年份,卷号(期号):起止页码. 【举例】 [1]王海粟.浅议会计信息披露模式[J].财政研究,2004,21(1):56-58. [2]夏鲁惠.高等学校毕业论文教学情况调研报告[J].高等理科教育,2004(1):46-52. [3]Heider,E.R.&D.C.Oliver.Thestructureofcolorspaceinnamingandme moryoftwolanguages[J].ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearch,1999,(3):6 2–67. 2.专著类 【格式】[序号]作者.书名[M].出版地:出版社,出版年份:起止页码. 【举例】[4]葛家澍,林志军.现代西方财务会计理论[M].厦门:厦门大学出版社,2001:42. [5]Gill,R.MasteringEnglishLiterature[M].London:Macmillan,1985:4 2-45. 3.报纸类 【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[N].报纸名,出版日期(版次). 【举例】 [6]李大伦.经济全球化的重要性[N].光明日报,1998-12-27(3). [7]French,W.BetweenSilences:AVoicefromChina[N].AtlanticWeekly,1 98715(33). 4.论文集 【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[C].出版地:出版者,出版年份:起始页码. 【举例】 [8]伍蠡甫.西方文论选[C].上海:上海译文出版社,1979:12-17. [9]Spivak,G.“CantheSubalternSpeak?”[A].InC.Nelson&L.Grossberg (eds.).VictoryinLimbo:Imigism[C].Urbana:UniversityofIllinoisPress,1 988,pp.271-313.

英文参考文献的格式 英文(例子): [01] Brown, H. D. Teaching by Principles: An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy[M]. Prentice Hall Regents, 1994. [02] Brown, J Set al. Situated Cognition and the Culture of Learning[J]. Educational Reasercher, 1, 1989. [03] Chris, Dede. The Evolution of Constructivist Learning Envi-ronments: Immersion in Distributed Virtual Worlds[J]. Ed-ucational Technology, Sept-Oct, 1995. [04] Hymes, D.On communicative competence[M]. J. B. Pride; J. Holmes (eds). Sociolinguistics. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1972. [05] L. E. Sarbaugh. Intercultural communication[M]. New Brunsw-ick, N.J.U.S.A: Transaction Books, 1988. [06] Puhl, A.. Classroom A ssessment[J]. EnglishTeaching Forum, 1997. [07] Thomas, Jenny. Cross-cultural Pragmatic Failure[J]. Applied Linguistics, 1983, (4): 91-111. [08] William B Gudykunst. Intercultural communication theory[M]. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Pub, 1983. 1

目录 一、概述 (1) 二、用途 (1) 三、附属设备 (1) 四、型号、规格、参数 (2) 五、结构与工作原理 (2) 六、外形与地基尺寸 (4) 七、安装 (15) 八、操作 (15) 九、维护和保养 (16) 十、常用配件拆卸与装配 (18) 十一、故障排除 (19) 十二、易损件 (20)

一、概述 WLW系列为无油(耐腐)立式往复真空泵,是我厂与科研单位联合开发并经十余年不断改进的成熟产品,其主要优点是(与W型卧式往复泵比较): 1、极限真空度高(4.5-15mmHg) 2、无油润滑,可获得洁净真空,并利于尾气的洁净回收。 3、节能(33%),节水(50%),节省占地面积(66%)。 4、气阀轴向布置,使用寿命长(4-10倍)。 5、振动小,噪音低。 6、外形简洁美观,操作、维修方便。 7、WLW-B系列采用全无油结构及四氟类密封材料、能耐各类有机溶剂。 8、WLW-F、T系列采用不锈钢、钛材料、能耐各类、酸、碱、有机溶剂腐蚀。 二、用途 本厂生产的WLW系列立式往复真空泵广泛应用于制药、化工、食品等行业的真空输送提料、提炼、蒸馏、浓缩、真空包装、干燥、气体解析、尾气回收等场合,是取代W型卧式往复泵、水环式真空泵的理想产品。 三、附属设备 1、过滤器: (1)当被抽气体含粉尘或固体物料时。 (2)新安装管道系统(法兰式过滤器,用户根据现场情况向我厂订购) 2、冷凝器: (1)当被抽气体含大量可凝性气体时; (2)当被抽气体温度超过65℃时。 3、阻液器:当被抽气体中有大量液体时。 4、中和罐:当被抽气体具有腐蚀性时(WLW-F/T除外)。 5、膨胀节:为避免振动、温差引起管道法兰泄漏,避免管道安装应 力。WLW300及以上型号必须安装。 6、缓冲罐:为避免泵的启动冲击。

【参考文献汇总(文学、翻译、语言学、英语教学、跨文化交流)【文学类】 戴维洛奇小说的艺术北京:作家出版社,1998 高奋西方现代主义文学源与流宁波:宁波出版社,2000 侯维瑞现代英国小说史上海:上海外语教育出版社,1986 胡经之,王岳川主编文艺学美学法论北京:北京出版社,1994 黄晋凯主编荒诞派戏剧北京:中国人民大学出版社,1996 霍夫曼佛洛伊德主义与文学思想王宁译北京:三联书店,1987 拉曼塞尔顿编文学批评理论刘象愚,陈永国等译北京:北京大学出版社,2000 霍纳韦勒克近代文学批评史(第4卷)上海:上海译文出版社,1997 李维屏英美现代主义文学概观上海:上海外语教育出版社,1998 柳鸣九编选新小说派研究北京中国社会科学出版社,1986 吕同六主编20世纪世界小说理论经典北京:华夏出版社,1995 罗伯特斯皮勒美国文学的周期——历史评论专集王长荣译上海:上海外语出版社,1990 罗德霍顿美国文学思想背景房炜等译北京人民出版社,1991 梅佛里德曼意识流,文学手法研究上海:华东师范大学出版社,1992 米兰昆德拉小说的艺术孟湄译北京:三联书店,1995 史志康主编美国文学背景概观上海:上海:上海外语出版社,1998 徐葆耕西方文学心灵历史北京清华大学出版社,1990 殷企平小说艺术管窥天津:百花文艺出版社,1995 【语言学】 奥马利第二语言习得的学习策略上海:上海外语出版社,2001 陈保亚20 世纪中国语言学方法论济南:山东教育出版社,1999

丁言仁英语语言学纲要上海:上海外语出版社,2001 费尔迪南德索绪尔普通语言学教程长沙:湖南教育出版社,2001 冯翠华英语修辞大全北京:商务印书馆,1996 桂诗春,宁春言主编语言学方法论北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1998 桂诗春应用语言学长沙:湖南教育出版社,1998 何兆熊新编语用学概要上海:上海外语教育出版社,2000 何自然语用学与英语学习上海:上海外语教育出版社,1997 侯维瑞英语语体上海:上海外语教育出版社,1988 胡壮麟语言学教程(修订版)北京:北京大学出版社,2001 黄国文语篇与语言的功能北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2002 黄国文语篇分析概要长沙:湖南教育出版社,1988 李延富主编英语语言学基本读本济南:山东大学出版社,1999 李运兴语篇翻译引论北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,2000 刘润清西方语言学流派北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1999 刘润清等现代语言学名著选读(上下册)北京:测绘出版社,1988 刘润清等语言学入门北京:人民教育出版社,1990 陆国强现代英语词汇学(新版)上海:上海外语教育出版社,1999 戚雨村现代语言学的特点和发展趋势上海外语教育出版社,1997 秦秀白文体学概要长沙:湖南教育出版社,1990 孙志外国语言研究论文索引(1995—1999)上海外语教育出版社,2001 索绪尔普通语言教程北京:商务印书馆,1999 王德春语言学概论上海:上海外语教育出版社,2001

WLW系列立式真空泵使用说明书

目录 一、概述 (1) 二、用途 (1) 三、附属设备 (1) 四、型号、规格、参数 (2) 五、结构与工作原理 (2) 六、外形与地基尺寸 (4) 七、安装 (15) 八、操作 (15) 九、维护和保养 (16) 十、常见配件拆卸与装配 (18) 十一、故障排除 (19) 十二、易损件 (20)

一、概述 WLW系列为无油(耐腐)立式往复真空泵,是我厂与科研单位联合开发并经十余年不断改进的成熟产品,其主要优点是(与W型卧式往复泵比较): 1、极限真空度高(4.5-15mmHg) 2、无油润滑,可获得洁净真空,并利于尾气的洁净回收。 3、节能(33%),节水(50%),节省占地面积(66%)。 4、气阀轴向布置,使用寿命长(4-10倍)。 5、振动小,噪音低。 6、外形简洁美观,操作、维修方便。 7、WLW-B系列采用全无油结构及四氟类密封材料、能耐各类有机溶剂。 8、WLW-F、T系列采用不锈钢、钛材料、能耐各类、酸、碱、有机溶剂腐蚀。 二、用途 本厂生产的WLW系列立式往复真空泵广泛应用于制药、化工、食品等行业的真空输送提料、提炼、蒸馏、浓缩、真空包装、干燥、气体解析、尾气回收等场合,是取代W型卧式往复泵、水环式真空泵的理想产品。 三、附属设备 1、过滤器: (1)当被抽气体含粉尘或固体物料时。

(2)新安装管道系统(法兰式过滤器,用户根据现场情况向我厂订购) 2、冷凝器: (1)当被抽气体含大量可凝性气体时; (2)当被抽气体温度超过65℃时。 3、阻液器:当被抽气体中有大量液体时。 4、中和罐:当被抽气体具有腐蚀性时(WLW-F/T除外)。 5、膨胀节:为避免振动、温差引起管道法兰泄漏,避免管道安装应力。WLW300及以上型号必须安装。 6、缓冲罐:为避免泵的启动冲击。 7、其它:选用本厂产品时,请详细告之使用情况: (1)被抽介质(酸、碱、溶剂种类) (2)介质温度 (3)有无可凝性气体 (4)有无粉尘或固体颗粒 (5)泵在工艺流程中所处位置和作用 (6)所需连续运转的最长时间 四、型号、规格、参数 1、型号表示方法

莱宝真空泵油选择与使用指导 一、真空泵油的作用及性能要求 油封式旋转真空泵的泵油,必须符合相关要求。作为一种运动介质,泵油在真空泵中起着以下重要作用: 1,密封——防止大气进入排气阀,有相对运动零件间的间隙密封(转子与定子、旋片与转子槽等)。 2,润滑——相对运动件间的润滑,降低磨损。 3,冷却——油在泵内与油箱间循环,散热、冷却。 4,携裹——将磨损产生的尘粒或其他颗粒挟裹在油中,减小磨损伤害。 5,保护——形成保护油膜,避免水及化学蒸汽凝结物腐蚀泵内部件。 真空泵油的性能要求: 1,高温下饱和蒸汽压要低,易挥发成份要少。 2,最低水含量和吸水性。 3,要有一定粘度,且随温度变化小(粘度温升曲线平滑)。 4,润滑性能好,机械应力下具有良好的抗裂解性。 5,抗腐蚀、抗氧化、化学性能稳定。 对大部分应用,莱宝真空泵使用Leybonol品牌标准矿物质基油品,油牌号LVO 1XX,具有适宜的化学稳定性和热稳定性,耐水解,与密封材料的相容性很好。 针对一些特殊应用,标准油品的某些弱点表现为: 1,高温时的稳定性较差。 2,化学反应(酸、碱、卤素)的惰性较差。 3,遇到强氧化剂时(氧气)的惰性较差。 4,对非极性物质(蜡、油脂)的溶解性较差。 5,对极性物质(低聚物、树脂、分解产物、特别是结晶物)和聚合物的溶解性较差。 因此在特殊应用中,可以使用一些泵适用的特殊润滑品做工作液,或者在泵油中调入添加剂以增强某方面的性能表现。 但须注意,添加剂可能会使泵油的真空表现达不到期望值,如真空度差,甚至与抽排气体发生反应。因此使用如果未经审验的油品,可能造成换油频繁,真空性能降低,油反应产生沉淀,甚至损坏泵。 二、真空泵油的选择、使用、更换及储存 1,及时换油:经过一段时期的使用,泵油的性质会发生变化。比如机械应力作用下导致裂解,氧化变性,化学反应变性,水汽或可凝性气体融入导致水解乳化,化学物质的溶入导致性质变化,灰尘沉积导致粘度增大等。在这种情况下,泵油的状况已无法满足真空泵正常工作的需要,导致真空度变差、启动困难、泵温度升高、噪音增大等现象,此时需要及时更换新的泵油,以确保真空泵正常工作,延长泵的使用寿命。如果不及时更换,会导致泵的零件磨损增大、泵内零件腐蚀、寿命缩短、严重时甚至导致泵的损毁。 2,与泵相关的真空泵使用维护事项 2.1泵无故障运行的前提

欧瑞康莱宝真空(天津)国际贸易有限公司 SV200-SV630F型真空泵维护保养周期 维护保养周期 (本周期间隔适用于正常的真空泵运行环境,对于较为恶劣的工作环境和工艺条件,维护周期间隔需作适当的缩短) 维护工作间隔周期 检查油位每天 检查油的状态每天 第一次换油150小时运转后 换油每1000小时或3个月 更换油过滤器每次换油时更换 更换排气过滤器排气口处发现油雾时或每年 清理进口过滤网视工艺条件决定 检查防反油阀每年 清洗热交换器每年(SV630F) 清洗气镇阀过滤芯每月(SV630F) 调整马达皮带半年(SV630F) 维护用备件: 订货号 油过滤器71018858(SV200-SV300) 油过滤器71405318(SV630F) 排气过滤器71064763(SV40-SV100) 排气过滤器710 64 773(SV200-SV750) 传动皮带71403990 (SV630F) GS77油711 17 775(20升) 711 17 779(208升) 莱宝真空(天津)国际贸易有限公司广州办 电话: +86-20-22323985 传真: +86-20-22323990 邮政编码: 510650

欧瑞康莱宝真空(天津)国际贸易有限公司 SV200-SV300真空泵维护保养周期 维护保养周期 (本周期间隔适用于正常的真空泵运行环境,对于较为恶劣的工作环境和工艺条件,维护周期间隔需作适当的缩短) 维护工作间隔周期 检查油位每天 检查油的状态视工艺条件决定 第一次换油150小时运转后 换油每1000小时或3个月 更换油过滤器每次换油时更换 更换排气过滤器排气口处发现油雾或每年 清理进口过滤网每月 检查防反油阀每年 检查浮阀每次更换排气过滤器或每年 清理散热油管每年 维护用备件: 订货号 油过滤器71018858 排气过滤器71064763(SV200 4个) 71064773(SV300 4个) GS77油711 17 774(5升) 711 17 776(25升) 711 17 779(208升) 欧瑞康莱宝真空(天津)国际贸易有限公司 广州维修中心 电话: +86-20-22323985 传真: +86-20-22323990 邮政编码: 510663

SK水环真空泵说明书 一、用途及使用范围 SK系列水环工真空泵及压缩机是用来抽吸或压送气体和其它无腐蚀性、不溶于水、不含有固体颗粒的气体,以便在密闭容器中形成真空或压力,从而满足具体工艺流程要求的设备。吸入或压送的气体中允许含有少量液体。 SK系列水环式真空泵及压缩机广泛应用于机械、石油、化工、制药、食品、陶瓷、制糖、印染、冶金、环保及电子等行业。 由于在工作过程中,该类泵对气体的压缩是在等温状态下进行的,因此在压送或抽吸易燃、易爆的气体时,不易发生危险,所以其应用更加广泛。 泵型号说明。例如:SK-12 SK表示为水环真空泵;12表示该泵的最大抽气量为12m3/min(立方米/分钟) 二、工作原理 如图(1)所示,叶轮3偏心地安装在泵体2内,起动时向泵内注入一定高度的水作为工作液,当叶轮3按图示方向旋转时,水受离心力的作用在泵体内壁形成一旋转的封闭水环5,水环上部内表面与轮毂相切,水环的下部内表面刚好与叶片顶端接触。此时叶轮轮毂与水环之间形成一个月牙形空间,而这一空间又被叶轮分成与叶片数目相等的若干个小腔。如果以叶轮的上部0°为起点,那么叶轮在旋转前180°时小腔的容积由小变大,且与端盖上的吸气口相通,其空间内的气体压力降低,此时气体被吸入,当吸气终也时小腔则与吸气口隔绝;当叶轮在180°到360°的旋转过程中,水环内表面渐渐与轮毂靠近,小腔由大变小,其空间内气体压力升高,高于排气口压力时,当小腔与排气口相通时,气体被排出。 叶轮每旋转一周,叶片间空间(小腔)吸、排气一次,若干小腔不停地工作,如此往复,泵就连续不断地抽吸或压送气体。 由于在工作过程中,做功产生热量,会使工作水环发热,同时一部分水和气体一起被排走,因此,在工作过程中,必须不断地给泵供水,以冷却和补充泵内消耗的水,满足泵的工作要求。当泵排出的气体不再利用时,在泵排气口一端接有汽水分离器(可自己制作一水箱代替),废气和所带的部分水排入汽水分离器后,气体由排气管排出,水由于重力作用留在分离器内并经

参考规范 中华人民共和国国家标准GB50001-2001 房屋建筑制图统一标准 中华人民共和国国家标准GB50007-2011 建筑地基基础设计规范 中华人民共和国国家标准GB50009-2011 建筑结构荷载规范(2006版) 中华人民共和国国家标准GB50223-2008 建筑工程抗震设防分类标准 中华人民共和国国家标准GB50010-2010 混凝土结构设计规范 中华人民共和国国家标准GB50011-2010 建筑抗震设计规范 中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T50103-2001总图制图标准 中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T50104-2010建筑制图统一标准 中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T50105-2010建筑结构制图标准 中华人民共和国国家标准GB50045-95高层民用建筑设计防火规范(2005年版) 中华人民共和国国家标准GB50368-2005 住宅建筑规范 中华人民共和国国家标准GB50352-2005 民用建筑设计通则 中华人民共和国国家标准GB50100-2001 住宅建筑模数协调标准 参考文献: [1]?朱彦鹏.?混凝土结构设计.?高等教育出版社, [2]?徐占发.?建筑结构与构件.?人民交通出版社,2005 [3]?同济大学.房屋建筑学.?中国建筑工业出版社,1997 [4]?丰定国.?抗震结构设计.?武汉理工大学出版社, [5]?彭少明.?混凝土结构.?武汉理工大学出版社, [6]?陈希哲.?土力学地基基础.?清华大学出版社, [7]?林宗凡.?结构原理及设计.?高等教育出版社,? [8]?徐有邻.?混凝土结构设计规范理解与应用.?中国建筑工业出版社,2002. [9]?陈基发.?建筑结构荷载设计手册.?中国建筑工业出版社, Primary reference standards and literature: The main specification: [1] of the People's Republic of China national standard GB50001-2001 housing construction drawing standard [2] of the People's Republic of China national standard code for the design of building foundation GB50007-2011 [3] of the People's Republic of China national standard GB50009-2011 (2006 edition) load code for the design of building structures [4] of the People's Republic of China state construction engineering classification of seismic fortification standards GB50223-2008 standard [5] of the People's Republic of China national standard concrete structure design code GB50010-2010

GA/ET-02307/8 SOGEVAC SV200, SV300 BR2使用说明书 (包括备件清单) 适用的编号: 10926/10927 : J 97 12 00001 (SV200) 10930/10931 : J 97 12 00001 (SV300) 95526/95527 – (JAPAN) : J 97 12 00001 (SV200) 95536/95537 – (JAPAN) : J 97 12 00001 (SV300) 95027 – (USA) : J 97 12 00001 (SV200) 95031 – (USA) : J 97 12 00001 (SV300) 操作说明书 备件清单 LEYBOLD

LEYBOLD 我们,LEYBOLD SA EEC指令的安全和健康基本要求。

真空泵安装和启动前,必须阅读并弄懂本使用说明书。 注意: 按照最新技术标准和安全规程已经制造出SOGEV AC真空泵。如果不能正确的安装或不能按指导正确使用,会发生危险。 在一定的运行条件下,当运转真空泵时可能出现危险状态。如果发生这种情况,请与我们当地办事处联系。警告: 表明为防止造成人身伤害必须特别遵守的工艺规程。 当心: 表明为防止设备损坏或破坏必须特别遵守的工艺规程。 图: 参考图,例如(2/10)在这个括号中是由图号和序号组成的。 我们保留修改本说明书所给设计和任何数据的权利。不另加说明。 警告: 当对泵系统操作时,一定严格遵守本说明书。 在开始任何工作前,设备一定要切断电源。要采取相应措施,保证泵不能启动。如果泵已抽过危险气体,绝对必须确定涉及危害的性质并采取相应安全措施。遵守所有安全规程! 在打开吸入口或排出口之前,一定要采取安全措施。 LEYBOLD维修 如果需要把泵发往LEYBOLD维修,请说明泵是否会有危害人体健康的物质或说明泵是否已被污染。如果泵已被污染,还要说明危害的性质。为此,您必须使用我们印制的表格,该表格按需求提供。“真空设备和组件污染说明”的复印件复制在本说明书的最后。请把这个表格附在泵上或把泵与它一起包装。为了满足法规和保护我们的工作人员,特需此说明。如果无“污染说明”,LEYBOLD将把收到的泵按发送人地址退回。

英语专业本科毕业论文 参考文献格式要求 I.文内引用 (一)直接引用 1.引用中的省略 原始资料的引用:在正文中直接引用时,应给出作者、年份,并用带括号的数字标出页码。若有任何资料省略,使用英文时,应用3个省略号在句中标出(…),中文用6个(……);若两句间的资料省略,英文应用4个省略号标出(‥‥),中文用6个(……)。若要在直接引用插入自己的解释,应使用方括号[ ]。若在资料中有什么错误拼写、错误语法或标点错误会使读者糊涂,应在引用后立即插入[sic],中文用[原文如此]。下面是一些示例: 例一:The DSM IV defines the disorder [dysthymic] as being in a chronically depressed mood that occurs for "most of the day more days than not for at least two years (Criterion A) .... In children, the mood may be irritable rather than depressed, and the required minimum duration is only one year" (APA, 1994, p. 345). 例二:Issac (1995) states that bipolar disorder "is not only uncommon but may be the most diagnostic entity in children and adolescents in similar settings .... and may be the most common diagnosis in adolescents who are court-remanded to such settings" (p.275). 2.大段落引用 当中文引用超过160字时,不使用引号,而使用“块”的形式(引用起于新的一行,首行缩进4个空格,两端对齐,之后每行都缩进)。 当英文引用超过40字时,不使用引号,而使用“块”的形式(引用起于新的一行,首行缩进5个空格,左对齐,之后每行都缩进)。 Elkind (1978) states:

无油隔膜真空泵使用说明书 目录 一、概述 二、工作原理 三、产品特点 四、规格指标 五、使用步骤 六、注意事项 七、故障分析与排除 八、皮膜的保养与更换 九、保险管的更换 十、客户回执 一、概述 我公司生产的无油真空泵系列包括:AP-01P 、AP-01D 、AP-02B 、AP- 9901S 、AP-9925、AP-9950。无油真空泵与我公司生产的FB 过滤瓶套件联合使用可用于液相色谱分析中的流动相过滤及除气。真空泵能够提高过滤效率、加强脱气效果。我公司生产的无油真空泵利用隔膜运动、挤压排除空气、能够保障过滤介质不受污染。 二、工作原理

电机带动隔膜一前一后往复运动。通过隔膜的运动,造成工作腔内的容积的改变,挤压排出空气, 产生真空. AP-02B 型可调无油真空压力泵是本公司的新产品。它的调压原理不同于以往的“泄压阀原理”,而是利用压力传感器感知系统的压力,再反馈给控制泵,通过泵的工作周期来调节、恒定压力。当流量发生变化时,压力不受影响。(当流量发生变化时,利用“泄压阀原理”设计的泵需通过手动调节方式保持压力恒定。)由于大多情况下,泵的工作状态处于“断续”状态,故泵的效率高、发热量少。适用于压力可调、稳定且需长时间工作的场合。同时可为生化实验的样品提取、纯化操作提供稳定的负压。 三、无油真空泵产品特点: ● 隔膜型真空泵无需泵油; ● 工作效率高、噪音低; ● 有固定压力和可调压力两种类型; ● 体积小、便于移动; ● 输送流体广泛; 无油真空泵广泛运用于制药、化学、化工、电子等行业。

五、使用步骤 5.1固定压力无油隔膜真空泵(AP-01P 、AP-9901S )的使用步骤: 1. 将真空泵平稳的放在操作台上。 2. 将过滤装置或所需抽真空的装置与真空泵紧密连接,保证系统具有良好的气密性。可在真空泵的进气口和过滤器的出气口表面涂上酒精等

JILIN AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY 研究生农业科技英文文献写作报告 题目名称:(中文)我国收入分配差距的影响及改革对策研究(英文)The influence of the income distribution gap in our country and the reform countermeasures 学生姓名:孙丹学号:20130611 院系专业:马克思主义学院马克思主义基本原理专业 硕士导师:职称:教授 教学班级:14班研究方向:马克思主义基本理论与教学研究

2014年6月5 Contents 第一部分/ PART I(见封面) The influence of the income distribution gap in our country and the reform countermeasures (1) 第二部分/ PART II(摘要) Abstractand key words (2) 第三部分/ PART III(正文) I the present situation of urban and rural residents income gap of our country and impact (3) 1.1 the present situation of urban and rural residents income gap of our country (3) 1.2 the influence of urban and rural residents widening income gap (3) 1.2.1 affect national economy sustainable and healthy development (3) 1.2.2 affect social stability (3) 1.2.3 affect the rural human capital investment (3) II The cause of the urban and rural residents income gap (4) ⅢImprove the countermeasures of urban and rural residents income gap (4) IV Conclusion (4) 第四部分/ PART IV(参考文献)References (5) 第五部分/ PART V(鸣谢/附录)Acknowledgements (6) Appendix (6)

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