基于PLC和配置技术交通灯控制系统的设计
摘要：一种交通灯控制系统采用可编程序控制器(PLC), 通过软件控制交通灯自动运行。在系统,原有的继电器线路被程序代替,可编程序控制器(PLC)系统的硬件和软件资源的被合理使用。正常运行和紧急运输进行了详细的介绍,并从突发事件的东西南北可以相互连锁。交通灯信号系统和两个seven-segment数码管显示在倒计时秩序; 同时, 详细的论述布线的硬件和PLC的梯形图。在十字路口的交通信号灯远程监控系统设计了组态软件MCGS,实时监控红绿灯,大大提高了数据传输的可靠性。与此同时,我们可以通过配置的照片改变交通信号灯的状况。关键词：PLC;交通信号灯,SDEC;配置软件;MCGS组态
一、引言
随着社会的发展和进步,交通畅通变得越来越重要。一方面,太多的十字路口,车辆越来越多,这些都造成严重的交通堵塞。另一方面, 在有限的时间有必要保持车载和行人快速和安全。因此,一种交通灯控制系统的设计, 可以用来显示时间的倒计时, 与电脑联网控制实时数据。此外,配置技术应用于实时图像反映的交通信号灯、了解历史工作的十字路口, 获得交通信号灯的可视化。该系统由计算机主机和较低的电脑。MCGS组态被安装于主机、较低的电脑是由PLC控制系统。
时序图正常交通信号灯显示图1。但也有一些紧急的事情,例如。有一些救护车用来运送病人医院或一些消防车用来对付大火。消防车和救护车优先于其他的交通赶到出事地点。根据城市交通控制系统, 正常情况下两种控制方法交通控制和紧迫性因素考虑在内。这个过程可以显示了14段编码器。美国的交通信号灯的即时照片记录了监控过程。
紧急控制信号是控制交通紧急开关。如果没有紧急事件所有的红绿灯正常工作,只是紧急事件发生的时候打开。在这种情况下,紧急的车是优先通过。一旦紧急车辆经过,应急开关立即关掉。那绿色的光在同一方向的车辆迅速闪三次, 随后正常运行。如果从南北和东西分别有两个紧急车，交通控制系统只能迅速反应来得早的,然后另一个。
二、交通控制系统的设计
A.硬件电路设计
CP1H系列的PLC作为控制器, 显示的程序应该停止的时候,时间序列异常系统工作, 时间不会被显示。当紧急程序完成了时间序列、倒计时显示的程序应该被重置。在220 V交流系统是用来控制交通信号灯， 24 V直流控制七段编码器, 图2显示了方案东西方时间显示。CP1H系列可编程序控制器(PLC)的一个简单的控制器,它由24输入和十六个输出。因为需要二十输出在这个系统中,一个I / O 模块必须被扩展。线路图如图2。
B.控制程序的设计
六个定时器和两个特殊的正常开启脉冲是用来在这个系统中,绿色灯闪南北及东西进行所有的定时器和特殊的脉冲; 八种内部继电器被用来实现联锁的紧迫性和发送脉冲两个方向至PLC,图中显示。两个SDEC指示是用来显示倒计时显示相应的光。作为一个重要的部分,倒计时显示程序,东、西向的绿灯表现在视图 4. 在这些程序下载到可编程序控制器(PLC),所有的交通灯运行准确、紧迫性和从南
北东西可以联锁严格时,所有的灯都能回到设置的迫切性经过时的状态。所以这些控制程序是正确的、简单的。
C.监控系统的设计
计算机系统有两个主要功能: 一个输出信号的采集和显示实时状态的可编程序控制器(PLC)控制交通信号灯、交通信号灯。【5】另一个通知机械手的状态和历史状态实时通过检验历史曲线及报警窗口。
该监控系统的设计和组态软件MCGS组态。父亲装置的参数设置的串行通信的实现如下[6]。
通信波特率6 – 9600
数据位:0-7bit,Stop-bit:2-2bit
数据检查方法:双止,
串行通信号码:COM0
最小的采样周期:200毫秒。
可编程序控制器(PLC)的参数定义如下:
最小的采样周期的基本属性:200毫秒。
三个读/写渠道:X0、X1,X2;
六只读通道(阅读美国的交通灯):Q0-Q5;
(read十四只读渠道的状态Q6-Q12Q13-Q19.数字tube)
所有的通道必须连接到变量中定义一个接一个的实时数据库访问和其他参数的默认值。一个成功的关系后,PLC与计算机控制系统能够模拟信号改变颜色的灯在这幅画中,在PC上被收集到的数据通过串口。然后进行状态监测的十字路口交通信号灯术。相反,通过改变参数的主机、相应的值写入PLC内部继电器的控制、路口交通信号灯能够得到贯彻执行。实验结果表明,该系统通常和动画了
足够的好。在线监测系统的交通信号灯如图5
三、结论
实验结果表明,该系统通常和配置了足够的好照片。该系统简化了可编程序控制器(PLC)和计算机主机之间的通信采用工业组态软件开发的时间大大缩短。尤其是,更适合复杂的控制系统。我们可以控制交通信号灯由PLC和MCGS组态,取代原来的继电器控制,提高该系统的寿命。与此同时,可以将此方法应用到控制电机和液体的水平。远程控制和配置仿真的组合在一起,也可以应用到类似的控制区域。
参考文献
【1】谢可明，刘大梁，谢军，一个fuzzy-logic-based交通信号灯控制系统。十届国际研讨会上集成电路、设备和系统,一般- 2004:集成系统硅-学报,2004年,页341 - 344
【2】Maman Avishay, Goldschlager Sharon, Miller Hillel可重用的片上系统级验证模拟仿真和硅。第11届IEEE国际高级设计验证和测试研讨会,2006年,页119 - 126
【3】Jaksic, Nebojsa.提高学生自我效能感在工程运用PLC红绿灯实验基础。2002 ASEE年度会议论文集,2002年,页13409 - 13414
【4】Qu Hong.原理和应用可编程逻辑控制器。北京:中国电力出版社,2007年
【5】ItoToshio, Sato Rieko, Shibata Yasuo, etc.信号处理使用的全光波长变换——应用程序使用Hybrid-integrated XPM设备和SIPAS NTT技术审查, 2003年4月,v 1,n 1页。52-58, 【6】MCGS训练课程。北京:北京昆仑公司,2007 563
原文出自：2009 International Conference on Multimedia Information Networking and Security Liu Yan Electrical Power Department Wuhan Electrical Power Technology College Wuhan, China elicyliu@https://www.doczj.com/doc/eb18360100.html,
Chen XianFeng School of Resource and Environment Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan, China chenxfeng618@https://www.doczj.com/doc/eb18360100.html,
International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials Volume 17, Number 4, August 2010, Page 500 DOI: 10.1007/s12613-010-0348-y Corresponding author: Zhuan Li E-mail: li_zhuan@https://www.doczj.com/doc/eb18360100.html, ? University of Science and Technology Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 Preparation and properties of C/C-SiC brake composites fabricated by warm compacted-in situ reaction Zhuan Li, Peng Xiao, and Xiang Xiong State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China (Received: 12 August 2009; revised: 28 August 2009; accepted: 2 September 2009) Abstract: Carbon fibre reinforced carbon and silicon carbide dual matrix composites (C/C-SiC) were fabricated by the warm compacted-in situ reaction. The microstructure, mechanical properties, tribological properties, and wear mechanism of C/C-SiC composites at different brake speeds were investigated. The results indicate that the composites are composed of 58wt% C, 37wt% SiC, and 5wt% Si. The density and open porosity are 2.0 g·cm–3 and 10%, respectively. The C/C-SiC brake composites exhibit good mechanical properties. The flexural strength can reach up to 160 MPa, and the impact strength can reach 2.5 kJ·m–2. The C/C-SiC brake composites show excellent tribological performances. The friction coefficient is between 0.57 and 0.67 at the brake speeds from 8 to 24 m·s?1. The brake is stable, and the wear rate is less than 2.02×10?6 cm3·J?1. These results show that the C/C-SiC brake composites are the promising candidates for advanced brake and clutch systems. Keywords: C/C-SiC; ceramic matrix composites; tribological properties; microstructure [This work was financially supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (No.2006AA03Z560) and the Graduate Degree Thesis Innovation Foundation of Central South University (No.2008yb019).] 温压-原位反应法制备C / C-SiC刹车复合材料的工艺和性能 李专，肖鹏，熊翔 粉末冶金国家重点实验室，中南大学，湖南长沙410083，中国（收稿日期：2009年8月12日修订：2009年8月28日;接受日期：2009年9月2日） 摘要：采用温压?原位反应法制备炭纤维增强炭和碳化硅双基体(C/C-SiC)复合材
五、外文资料翻译 Stress and Strain 1.Introduction to Mechanics of Materials Mechanics of materials is a branch of applied mechanics that deals with the behavior of solid bodies subjected to various types of loading. It is a field of study that i s known by a variety of names, including “strength of materials” and “mechanics of deformable bodies”. The solid bodies considered in this book include axially-loaded bars, shafts, beams, and columns, as well as structures that are assemblies of these components. Usually the objective of our analysis will be the determination of the stresses, strains, and deformations produced by the loads; if these quantities can be found for all values of load up to the failure load, then we will have obtained a complete picture of the mechanics behavior of the body. Theoretical analyses and experimental results have equally important roles in the study of mechanics of materials . On many occasion we will make logical derivations to obtain formulas and equations for predicting mechanics behavior, but at the same time we must recognize that these formulas cannot be used in a realistic way unless certain properties of the been made in the laboratory. Also , many problems of importance in engineering cannot be handled efficiently by theoretical means, and experimental measurements become a practical necessity. The historical development of mechanics of materials is a fascinating blend of both theory and experiment, with experiments pointing the way to useful results in some instances and with theory doing so in others①. Such famous men as Leonardo da Vinci(1452-1519) and Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) made experiments to adequate to determine the strength of wires , bars , and beams , although they did not develop any adequate theo ries (by today’s standards ) to explain their test results . By contrast , the famous mathematician Leonhard Euler(1707-1783) developed the mathematical theory any of columns and calculated the critical load of a column in 1744 , long before any experimental evidence existed to show the significance of his results ②. Thus , Euler’s theoretical results remained unused for many years, although today they form the basis of column theory. The importance of combining theoretical derivations with experimentally determined properties of materials will be evident theoretical derivations with experimentally determined properties of materials will be evident as we proceed with
(文档含英文原文和中文翻译) 中英文翻译 平面设计 任何时期平面设计可以参照一些艺术和专业学科侧重于视觉传达和介绍。采用多种方式相结合，创造和符号，图像和语句创建一个代表性的想法和信息。平面设计师可以使用印刷，视觉艺术和排版技术产生的最终结果。平面设计常常提到的进程，其中沟通是创造和产品设计。 共同使用的平面设计包括杂志，广告，产品包装和网页设计。例如，可能包括产品包装的标志或其他艺术作品，举办文字和纯粹的设计元素，如形状和颜色统一件。组成的一个最重要的特点，尤其是平面设计在使用前现有材料或不同的元素。 平面设计涵盖了人类历史上诸多领域，在此漫长的历史和在相对最近爆炸视觉传达中的第20和21世纪，人们有时是模糊的区别和重叠的广告艺术，平面设计和美术。毕竟，他们有着许多相同的内容，理论，原则，做法和语言，有时同样的客人或客户。广告艺术的最终目标是出售的商品和服务。在平面
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毕业设计说明书 英文文献及中文翻译 学院：专 2011年6月 电子与计算机科学技术软件工程
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在广州甚至广东的住宅小区电气设计中,一般都会涉及到小区的高低压供配电系统的设计.如10kV高压配电系统图,低压配电系统图等等图纸一大堆.然而在真正实施过程中,供电部门(尤其是供电公司指定的所谓电力设计小公司)根本将这些图纸作为一回事,按其电脑里原有的电子档图纸将数据稍作改动以及断路器按其所好换个厂家名称便美其名曰设计(可笑不?),拿出来的图纸根本无法满足电气设计的设计意图,致使严重存在以下问题:(也不知道是职业道德问题还是根本一窍不通) 1.跟原设计的电气系统货不对板,存在与低压开关柜后出线回路严重冲突,对实际施工造成严重阻碍,经常要求设计单位改动原有电气系统图才能满足它的要求(垄断的没话说). 2.对消防负荷和非消防负荷的供电(主要在高层建筑里)应严格分回路(从母线段)都不清楚,将消防负荷和非消防负荷按一个回路出线(尤其是将电梯和消防电梯,地下室的动力合在一起等等,有的甚至将楼顶消防风机和梯间照明合在一个回路,以一个表计量). 3.系统接地保护接地型式由原设计的TN-S系统竟曲解成"TN-S-C-S"系统(室内的还需要做TN-C,好玩吧?),严格的按照所谓的"三相四线制"再做重复接地来实施,导致后续施工中存在重复浪费资源以及安全隐患等等问题.. ............................(违反建筑电气设计规范等等问题实在不好意思一一例举,给那帮人留点混饭吃的面子算了) 总之吧,在通过图纸审查后的电气设计图纸在这帮人的眼里根本不知何物,经常是完工后的高低压供配电系统已是面目全非了,能有百分之五十的保留已经是谢天谢地了. 所以.我觉得:住宅建筑电气设计,让供电部门走!大不了留点位置,让他供几个必需回路的电,爱怎么折腾让他自个怎么折腾去.. Guangzhou, Guangdong, even in the electrical design of residential quarters, generally involving high-low cell power supply system design. 10kV power distribution systems, such as maps, drawings, etc. low-voltage distribution system map a lot. But in the real implementation of the process, the power sector (especially the so-called power supply design company appointed a small company) did these drawings for one thing, according to computer drawings of the original electronic file data to make a little change, and circuit breakers by their the name of another manufacturer will be sounding good design (ridiculously?), drawing out the design simply can not meet the electrical design intent, resulting in a serious following problems: (do not know or not know nothing about ethical issues) 1. With the original design of the electrical system not meeting board, the existence and low voltage switchgear circuit after qualifying serious conflicts seriously hinder the actual construction, often require changes to the original design unit plans to meet its electrical system requirements (monopoly impress ). 2. On the fire load and fire load of non-supply (mainly in high-rise building in) should be strictly sub-loop (from the bus segment) are not clear, the fire load and fire load of non-qualifying press of a circuit (especially the elevator and fire elevator, basement, etc.
韶关学院 期末考核报告 科目：专业英语 学生姓名： 学号： 同组人： 院系： 专业班级： 考核时间：2012年10月9日—2012年11月1 日评阅教师： 评分：
第1章英文阅读材料翻译 (1) 第2章中文摘要翻译英文 (3) 第3章中文简历和英文简历 (4) 第4章课程学习体会和建议 (6) 参考文献 (7)
第1章英文阅读材料翻译 Mechanization and Automation Processes of mechanization have been developing and becoming more complex ever since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution at the end of the 18th century. The current developments of automatic processes are, however, different from the old ones. The “automation” of the 20th century is distinct from the mechanization of the 18th and 19th centuries inasmuch as mechanization was applied to individual operations, wherea s “automation” is concerned with the operation and control of a complete producing unit. And in many, though not all, instances the element of control is so great that whereas mechanization displaces muscle, “automation”displaces brain as well. The distinction between the mechanization of the past and what is happening now is, however, not a sharp one. At one extreme we have the electronic computer with its quite remarkable capacity for discrimination and control, while at the other end of the scale are “ transfer machines” , as they are now called, which may be as simple as a conveyor belt to another. An automatic mechanism is one which has a capacity for self-regulation; that is, it can regulate or control the system or process without the need for constant human attention or adjustment. Now people often talk about “feedback” as begin an essential factor of the new industrial techniques, upon which is base an automatic self-regulating system and by virtue of which any deviation in the system from desired condition can be detected, measured, reported and corrected. when “feedback” is applied to the process by which a large digital computer runs at the immense speed through a long series of sums, constantly rejecting the answers until it finds one to fit a complex set of facts which have been put to it, it is perhaps different in degree from what we have previously been accustomed to machines. But “feedback”, as such, is a familiar mechanical conception. The old-fashioned steam engine was fitted with a centrifugal governor, two balls on levers spinning round and round an upright shaft. If the steam pressure rose and the engine started to go too fast, the increased speed of the spinning governor caused it to rise up the vertical rod and shut down a valve. This cut off some of the steam and thus the engine brought itself back to its proper speed. The mechanization, which was introduced with the Industrial Revolution, because it was limited to individual processes, required the employment of human labor to control each machine as well as to load and unload materials and transfer them from one place to another. Only in a few instances were processes automatically linked together and was production organized as a continuous flow. In general, however, although modern industry has been highly mechanized ever since the 1920s, the mechanized parts have not as a rule been linked together. Electric-light bulbs, bottles and the components of innumerable mass-produced
关于毕业设计说明书（论文）英文文献及中文翻译撰写格式 为提高我校毕业生毕业设计说明书（毕业论文）的撰写质量，做到毕业设计说明书（毕业论文）在内容和格式上的统一和规范，特规定如下: 一、装订顺序 论文（设计说明书）英文文献及中文翻译内容一般应由3个部分组成，严格按以下顺序装订。 1、封面 2、中文翻译 3、英文文献（原文） 二、书写格式要求 1、毕业设计（论文）英文文献及中文翻译分毕业设计说明书英文文献及中文翻译和毕业论文英文文献及中文翻译两种，所有出现相关字样之处请根据具体情况选择“毕业设计说明书” 或“毕业论文”字样。 2、毕业设计说明书（毕业论文）英文文献及中文翻译中的中文翻译用Word 软件编辑，英文文献用原文，一律打印在A4幅面白纸上，单面打印。 3、毕业设计说明书（毕业论文）英文文献及中文翻译的上边距:30mm；下边距:25mm；左边距:3Omm；右边距:2Omm；行间距1.5倍行距。 4、中文翻译页眉的文字为“中北大学2019届毕业设计说明书” 或“中北大学××××届毕业论文”，用小四号黑体字，页眉线的上边距为25mm；页脚的下边距为18mm。 5、中文翻译正文用小四号宋体，每章的大标题用小三号黑体，加粗，留出上下间距为：段前0.5行，段后0.5行；二级标题用小四号黑体，加粗；其余小标题用小四号黑体，不加粗。 6、文中的图、表、附注、公式一律采用阿拉伯数字分章编号。如图1.2，表2.3，附注3.2或式4.3。 7、图表应认真设计和绘制,不得徒手勾画。表格与插图中的文字一律用5号宋体。
每一插图和表格应有明确简短的图表名，图名置于图之下，表名置于表之上，图表号与图表名之间空一格。插图和表格应安排在正文中第一次提及该图表的文字的下方。当插图或表格不能安排在该页时，应安排在该页的下一页。 图表居中放置，表尽量采用三线表。每个表应尽量放在一页内，如有困难，要加“续表X.X”字样，并有标题栏。 图、表中若有附注时，附注各项的序号一律用阿拉伯数字加圆括号顺序排，如:注①。附注写在图、表的下方。 文中公式的编号用圆括号括起写在右边行末顶格，其间不加虚线。 8、文中所用的物理量和单位及符号一律采用国家标准，可参见国家标准《量和单位》(GB3100~3102-93)。 9、文中章节编号可参照《中华人民共和国国家标准文献著录总则》。
例1.Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be, rather, they are themselves and as such do not use their energy putting on a performance, maintaining pretence and manipulating（操纵） others . They are aware that there is a difference between being loved and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask. 1.dedicate to 把时间，精力用于 2.pretence 虚伪，虚假 6 ．1 斤斤于字比句次，措辞生硬 例2.Solitude is an excellent laboratory in which to observe the extent to which manners and habits are conditioned by others. My table manners are atrocious( 丑恶)—in this respect I've slipped back hundreds of years in fact, I have no manners whatsoever（完全，全然）. If I feel like it, I eat with my fingers, or out of a can, or standing up —in other words, whichever is easiest. 孤独是很好的实验室，正好适合观察一个人的举止和习惯在多大程度上受人制约。如今我吃东西的举止十分粗野；这方面一放松就倒退了几百年，实在是一点礼貌也没有。我高兴就用手抓来吃，（eat out of a can）开个罐头端着吃，站着吃；反正怎么省事就怎么吃。 3.Whatsoever 完全，全然 1.Be conditioned by 受……制约 2.Atrocious 丑恶 6 ．2 结构松散，表达过于口语化 例3．有一次，在拥挤的车厢门口，我听见一位男乘客客客气气地问他前面的一位女乘客：“您下车吗？”女乘客没理他。“您下车吗？”他又问了一遍。女乘客还是没理他。他耐不住了，放大声问：“下车吗？”，那女乘客依然没反应。“你是聋子，还是哑巴？”他急了，捅了一下那女乘客，也引起了车厢里的人都往这里看。女乘客这时也急了，瞪起一双眼睛，回手给了男乘客一拳。（庄绎传，英汉翻译教程，1999 ：练习 3 ） 译文1：Once at the crowded door of the bus, I heard a man passenger asked politely a woman passenger before him: “Are you getting off?” The woman made no
Monolithic integrated circuit history The monolithic integrated circuit was born in the late-1970s, has experienced SCM, MCU, the SOC three big stages. SCM namely monolithic microcomputer (Single Chip Microcomputer) the stage, mainly seeks the best monolithic shape embedded system's best architecture. “the innovation pattern” obtains successfully, has established SCM and the general-purpose calculator completely different development path. In founds on the embedded system independent development path, Intel Corporation has lasting achievements. MCU namely micro controller (Micro Controller Unit) the stage, the main technological development direction is: Expands unceasingly when satisfies the embedded application, the object system request's each kind of peripheral circuit and the interface circuit, underline its object intellectualization control. It involves the domain is related with the object system, therefore, develops the MCU heavy responsibility to fall inevitably on electrical, the electronic technology factory. Looking from this angle, Intel fades out the MCU development also to have its objective factor gradually. Is developing the MCU aspect, the most famous factory family belongings count Philips Corporation. Philips Corporation by it in embedded application aspect huge superiority, MCS-51 from monolithic microcomputer rapidly expand to micro controller. Therefore, when we review the embedded system development path, do not forget Intel and the Philips historical merit. Monolithic integrated circuit is the embedded system's road of independent development, to the MCU stage development's important attribute, seeks application system's on chip maximized solution;
多个LED发光装置的新型采集系统 作为光源的一种，发光二极管（LED）有很多优点。LED集成度更高，颜色种类多，使用寿命更长，而且工作电压较低。但是，它仍有一个非常大的缺陷：一只LED的光照强度还是比较低。这个缺点导致显示屏上的光通量不会很高。但是无论如何，LED还是以其出色的性能在低电压装置中普遍应用。因此，利用此系统采集多个LED的光，集成为更高强度的照明装置。本设计提出三种采集系统，来实现增强光强的功能。效率最好的一种采集系统可以达到96%。同时，还分析了本系统的制造误差以及预算。 1 简介 利用传统的光源来设计一个便携式探照灯，尺寸和能耗会很大。而利用LED 来设计将会避免这些问题。LED有很多优点：节能、体积较小、使用寿命长（约100,103小时）等，尤其是LED的光很适合环境工作。Carel Zeiss和Philips打算用LED光源设计两种便携式探照灯。尽管LED有诸多优点，可以让他们设计出的探照灯更加便携和小巧，但是由于光学元件的转换效率问题，导致系统有很多困难。解决这个困难将是本文研究的重点。通常，用一种合成非线性集中器（CPC）来减小分散度。但是，这种传统的CPC采集效率仅为72%，必须要改善采集效率来提高光的利用率。本文中将解决分散度和采集效率两个问题。为实现这个目标，设计了三种不同的采集系统，以提高效率，下面逐一介绍。 2 仿真部分 利用光学仿真软件和标签查找模块（BRO），来设计并分析采集系统的性能。LED光源部分来自Osram-Opical半导体。远程LED光源是一种Lambertian模式，LED的规格见表1。 在采集系统的底部有四个LED。系统各个LED之间的位置关系如图1。通光部分为2.1×2.1mm2，孔径3.26mm。LED阵列对称的分布于系统的底部。 采集系统的第一个光学元件为均质器。这个均质器的受光角度是12.5°。因此，这个系统就是要把LED的受光角度的范围控制在±60°到±12.5°之间。均质器的收集效率和能量分布能用来判断此采集系统。 3 新采集系统的说明 这里是三个新的采集系统：示踪的新设计I，新设计II，新设计III。在下一