上海高考英语阅读理解简答题真题详解

2023年高考上海等级考英语试题答案及解析第一部分：听力理解第一节（共5小题，每小题1分）1. A2. B3. C4. A5. B第二节（共10小题，每小题1分）6. B7. A8. C9. B10. C11. A12. C13. B14. A15. B第二部分：阅读理解第一节（共10小题，每小题1分）16. D17. C18. B19. A20. C21. B22. D23. A24. C25. A第二节（共5小题，每小题1分）26. True27. False28. Not Given29. True30. False第三部分：语言知识运用第一节（共20小题，每小题1分）31. C32. A33. D34. B35. C36. D37. A38. B39. D40. A41. C42. B43. D44. A45. C46. B47. D48. A49. B50. D第二节（共5小题，每小题1分）51. switching52. regularly53. investigation54. consequences55. eventually第四部分：写作作文题目：如何健康地使用手机手机在现代社会中扮演着重要的角色，但过度使用手机可能会对人们的健康产生负面影响。

因此，我们应该学会如何健康地使用手机。

首先，我们应该合理安排手机使用的时间。

过度使用手机可能导致眼睛疲劳、颈椎病等问题。

因此，我们应该定期休息，避免长时间盯着手机屏幕。

同时，我们应该学会控制自己的使用时间，尽量减少不必要的社交媒体使用和游戏时间。

其次，我们应该保持身体活动。

过度使用手机会导致长时间的静坐，缺乏锻炼。

为了保持身体健康，我们应该每天进行适量的体育锻炼，比如散步、跑步或参加体育活动。

最后，我们应该保持良好的沟通。

虽然手机可以方便我们与他人保持联系，但过度依赖手机沟通可能会降低我们与他人的亲密度。

我们应该注意与亲朋好友面对面的交流，建立真实的人际关系。

上海市2020年高考：英语考试真题与答案解析第一部分: 听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. Who has given up smoking?A. Jack.B. Frank.C. The woman.2. Why does the woman apologize to the man?A. She broke his telephone.B. She didn’t take him to the hospital.C. She forgot to tell him the message.3. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?A. Salesgirl and customer.B. Passenger and driver.C. Wife and husband.4. What is the woman’s opinion about the course?A. Too hard.B. Worth taking.C. Very easy.5. What is the woman doing?A. She is apologizing.B. She is complaining.C. She is worrying.第二节（共15小题，每小题1.5分, 满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出虽佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟; 听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

2021年上海市高考英语试卷及答案详解（全国统一考试）_年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(上海卷)英语试题本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第II卷两部分.满分150分.考试用时120分钟.注意事项:1．答题前,考生务必将自己的姓名.考号涂写在答题卡上.2．每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案标号.不能答在试题卷上.3．第Ⅱ卷各题的答案,必须答在答题卡规定的地方.第一部分:听力(共三节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)请听下面5段对话.每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A.B.C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置.听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题.每段对话仅读一遍.1.WhatisJacobgoingtodo?A.Jacobwillhaveaclassat3:00.B.Jacobwillgohomearound3:00.C.Jacobwillgotothelibraryat3:00.2.HowwillMichaelgotoNanjing?A.Byplane.B.Bytrain.C.Bycar.3.Whatdoesthewomansuggest?A.Putthetelephonenearthebed.B.Catchalaterflight.C.Askthehotelstaffforhelp.4.Wheredoesthisconversationtakeplace?A.Inarestaurant.B.Inamuseum.C.Inatheatre.5.Whatdoesthewomanbelieve?A.She1ostherwallet.B.Hermendmayhaveborrowedherwallet.C.Somebodytookherwallet.第二节(共12小题;每小题1.5分,满分18分)请听下面4段对最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置.听每段对话前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间.每段对话读两遍.请听下面一段对话,回答第6至第8题.话.每段对话后有几个小题,从题中所给的A.B.C三个选项中选出6.Canyouguesswhothemalespeakeris?A.Heisateacher.B.Heisapainter.C.Heisaguide.7.Whenwillthee_hibitionbeshowninFrance?A.Twelvedayslater.B.Twentydayslater.C.Twoweekslater.8.Tillwhenisitopenduringtheweek?A.Five.B.Si_C.Seven.请听第7段材料,回答第9至11题.9.Whataretheytalkingabout?A.Achangeforthenationale_aminations.B.Somenewguidelines.C.AcomingEnglishtest.10.Whendidthenewguidelinespublish?stmonth.stweek.stFriday.11.Whowillhavethefirsttosetthecontent,formandtimeofthelisteningtests?A.TheMinistryofEducation.B.Localeducationdepartments.C.Englishteachersfromdifferentschools.请听第8段材料,回答第12至14题.12.WhatisBettyworkingonwhenDanielarrives?A.Thee-mailtotheheadoffice.B.Thecomputer.C.Daniel’sorderform.13.HowfastcanBettytype?A.About60wordsinaminute.B.About70wordsinaminute.C.About80wordsinaminute.14.WhatforeignlanguagecallBettyspeak?A.Chinese.B.Japanese.C.English.请听第9段材料,回答第15至17题.15.Whoissickandisgoingtohospital?A.Theman’swife.B.Themanhimself.C.Theman’sdaughter.16.Whydoesthemanspeaktothewoman?A.Tolookafterhiswife.B.Toaskforafewdaysoff.C.Totalkabouthisdaughter.17.Whatdoyouthinkthewomanwilldo?A.Shewillgiveherpermission.B.Shewillhavehime_plainagain.C.Shewillrefusehisrequest.第三节(共3小题;每小题1.5分,满分4.5分)请听下面一段独白,用你所听到的独白中的词或数填空,每空限填一个词或一个数.填入的内容要写在答题卡相应的位置上.在听本段独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间.本段独白读两遍.请听下面一段独白,回答第18至第20题.请听第10段材料,回答第18至20题.WheretoflyTo(18)_______________ThefeelingsofthewriterHappy,e_cited,also(19)_______________ Theperiodlefttheairport(20)_______________hours.MyfamilylearningTolivewithoutme.←上一页12345下一页→上一篇:_年上海市高考语文试卷及答案详解(全国统一考试) 下一篇:_年辽宁省高考英语试卷及答案详解(全国统一考试)。

上海高考英语题目及答案上海高考英语题目及答案高考英语考查的词汇具有代表性,符合英语课程在基础教育阶段打好语言基础的目的。

下面是店铺为你整理关于上海高考英语题目及答案的内容，希望大家喜欢!上海高考英语题目第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers?A. Old classmates.B. Travelers in England.C. Tourist and guide.2. How will the man send the machines?A. By ship.B. By air.C. By truck.3. Where is the man going to plant the tree?A. By the front door.B. At the back of the garage.C. At the other end of the garden.4. What does the man advise Alan to do?A. Go out to work.B. Listen carefully to John.C. Be calm and patient.5. When is the man going home?A. In the evening.B. In the afternoon.C. At noon.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。

上海高考英语真题及答案(精选4篇)上海高考英语真题及答案【篇1】高考英语短文改错解题四原则：改动以最少为原则;虚词以添加或删除为原则;实词以改变词形为原则;以保持句子原意为原则。

高考英语短文改错解题步骤：通读全文，掌握大意;整句分析，逐行推敲;反复通读，复查验证。

高考英语解题注意要点和能力培养1.核对错项时，若的确有一时难以改出的地方，可以参考所改动项是否基本符合“1：1：8”的比例。

即多一词1个，缺词1个，错词8个。

2.核对改正的语法项目是否有重复。

因为短文改错往往覆盖面广，一般不会出现重复考查某个语法点的现象。

3.核对答题符号是否规范，位置是否准确，看看有无遗漏符号、忽略字母大小写和拼写等问题。

上海高考英语真题及答案【篇2】英语改错错误类型，动词必有一个，名词必有一个，冠词必有一个，词性错误必有一个，代词必有一个，逻辑关系错误必有一个，必加一词，必删一词，主被动可能错，介词搭配可能错，要注意用两行写成的句子，大概这样。

英语阅读理解，问作者态度一定选objectively~还有，高考的英语阅读都是比较积极的，理智的，所以响应的题都应该选积极的。

英语阅读出现MUST，ONLY，NEVER一般都是错的。

英语会有一两题阅读涉及到infer，每当看到这个词语只需要看选项原文没有出现过的那一句基本就是了。

英语选择题非谓语动词过去分词考的概率大，实在做出来就判断主动，被动，关系，一般都对。

上海高考英语真题及答案【篇3】心态最影响发挥其实高考期间最影响发挥的便是考试心态，很多考生心态不好，紧张其实是因为害怕自己高考时发挥不好，从而给了自己过多的压力，压力越大反而越影响发挥。

在考试的时候，只需要将高考当作平时普通考试去对待即可，很多考生在高考期间往往因为过度紧张而导致发挥不佳。

高考也不是只有一门单独的考试，它是很多科目的综合考试，一门科目没有发挥好并不代表着后面的科目也会有不佳的发挥，只要能够把握住后面的考试，一样可以考出让考生自己满意的成绩。

上海高考英语强化阅读题(一)SINGAPORE-Another Thai worker died in his sleep last Friday, the second such death in the past three days and the 10th since thebeginning of the year. Thongehai Sombattra, 22, is said to be the youngest to have died mysteriously this year. A total of 10 young Thai construction workers in their late 20s and 30s who appeared well and healthy when they went to bed have died since the beginning of this year. They were either found dead in the morning or had died suddenly in the middle on the night after some difficulty in breathing.From China Daily, March 19,19901. According to the passage ______.A. Ten people died mysteriously during the last three daysB. Two people died mysteriously during the last three daysC. Two people have died mysteriously since the beginning of the yearD. Ten people died mysteriously before last Friday2. During the past three days, Thongchai Sombattra died last Friday, the other passed away ______.A. last MondayB. last ThursdayC. last ThursdayD. last Sunday3. Thongchai Sombattra, who died mysteriously, _______.A. was aged 22B. was in his mid twentiesC. was not more than 20 years oldD. was nearly 30 years old4. Besides Thongchai Sombattra, the others could be _______.A. from 25 years old to 38 years oldB. from 20 years old to 39 years oldC. from 21 years old to 39 years oldD. from 29 years old to 38 years old5. ______ caused the ten Thai construction workers’ death.A. An unexpected accidentB. High blood pressureC. Heart troubleD. Something that was unknown上海高考英语强化阅读题答案1B 2 C 3 A 4 D 5 D上海高考英语强化阅读题(二)Schools and parents in Shenzhen City have been asked to take better care of children’s eyesight as 45 percent of them, were found to be shortsighted. Too much reading, poor lighting and too much TV are blamed. Of the city’s high school graduates. who applied to attend college this summer, two—thirds had to have their choices limited because of poor eyesight, Shenzhen Special Zone (特区) Daily said.1. This piece of news was reported by .A. People’s DailyB. Shenzhen Special Zone DailyC. school in Shenzhen CityD. parents in Shenzhen City2. The purpose of this passage is to .A. criticize children who are shortsightedB. blame parents and schools for children’s being shortsightedC. ask the high school graduates to pay attention to their eyesightD. draw people’s special attention to eye hygiene(卫生)3. Only of the children in Shenzhen City have good eyesight.A. 45 percentB. less than halfC. 55 percentD. two—thirds4. Generally speaking, high school students have eyesight than primary school students.A. poorerB. still betterC. poorD. brighter5. Because of being shortsighted many school graduates .A. weren’t allowed to enter collegeB. couldn’t graduate from high schoolC. couldn’t choose to study what they liked bestD. lost their limited time6. In order to protect their eyes, children shouldn’t .A. read booksB.wear glassesC. make their eyes too tiredD. see things far away上海高考英语强化阅读题答案1B 2 D 3 C 4 A 5 C 6 C。

专题8 事实细节题【考情分析】事实细节题是高考英语阅读理解中分布密度最大的一种题型，它考查的对象通常是一个句子或几个句子，要求考生对相关句子进行准确的识别和理解。

这类题目难度较低，但数量众多，所以做好事实细节题是阅读理解拿高分的关键。

【考点梳理】解题策略1. 直接信息题这类题目的答案可以从原文的某一句话中直接获取，正确选项大多含有相关句子的单词，只是比原句更加简短紧凑。

【典题链接】(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ阅读B)By day, Robert Titterman is a lawyer.In his spare time though he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova—not as a musician but as her page turner.“I’m not a trained musician, but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.”24．What should Titterman be able to do to be a page turner?A．Read music.B．Play the piano.C．Sing songs.D．Fix the instruments.【分析】第一步找关键词：Titterton be able to do to be a page turner第二步定位到原文：根据题干中的关键词可以定位到第一段。

信息句“I’ve learnt to read music so I can hep Maria in her performance.”第三步比对选项：由此可知，提特顿是钢琴家玛丽亚的乐谱翻页者，他学会识谱是为了可以在玛丽亚的表演中帮助她。

故选A。

（2020·全国甲卷阅读D篇）Libraries，in their own way，help fight book piracy（盗版行为）and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.34. What does the author call on other writers to do？A. Sponsor book fairs.B. Write for social media.C. Support libraries.D. Purchase her novels.【点石成金】C 根据I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can可知，作者认为所有作家应当支持图书馆（后面则是就如何支持提出一些建议），C项直接由这个句子简化而来，符合题意。

上海高考英语阅读理解习题解析上海春季高考作文题目2023精选篇1“人类生存，最重要的就是情感！若能懂这个道理，也就不枉费一生！”这是在偶然间看到的一句话，当时的我还是一个乳臭未乾的孩子，对于如此深奥的这句话，还来不及做任何反应，先映入眼帘的是大人们微笑着点头称是，于是也就不加思索地附和，事后也不曾再思考其意义，只把这句子深植进脑里。

多年后，已进小学就读的我，常与朋友玩乐，当好朋友挨骂时，我发觉内心中会有一种情绪涌上，那种感觉是以前从未有过的，酸酸涩涩，而当这么想时，才发觉眼眶已在不知不觉中模糊！从此，这种感觉便跟着我，常在无法预料时出现，每一次突如其来地造访相较于上回带来的情绪又更加强烈，但一段时间后又如同过往云烟，就如洪醒夫──纸船印象中：「似无所见又非视而不见，但一回想起便历历在目。

」是最佳心情写照！而当我经历过多次心灵转折，尘封已久的记忆突然明亮！我再次想起多年前偶然听闻的这句话，有了新的领悟：情感使人们拥有喜怒哀乐，没有情感的人生尝起来就如同白开水，也许它想表达的就是此吧！但当我又再次体会了许多人生的大小事后，我开始怀疑当初我的领悟，是否真的正确？只因在又经历了更多事后，对于情感带来情绪上的波涛汹涌，已逐渐从刺激的可乐转变为淡淡的茶，而回想起当时初闻这句话时，周遭人的反应竟是如此强烈！不但点头赞同，并为此讨论许久！于是我又开始绞尽脑汁地思考，也许它还有更深一层的含意！在寻寻觅觅下，我相信我找到了答案！从小学生蜕变为初中生的过程，是如此的艰辛！许多人生中的第一次，都夹杂在内：升学、联考排名、人与人间的猜忌、童年里找不到的压力、而在我面对考试的压力、他人的恶意批评、过度的期望时，父母的关心、朋友的担心、老师的用心、这一切本应都被我视为理所当然甚至还嫌弃的情感，在此时竟都如此难能可贵！我想这就是人类的本性，唯有在最痛苦、难过的时刻，才发现我们与生俱来的情感，竟是如此的无可取代！这时，我拥有了更深的体悟：情感不只丰富了人生，更是面对挫折与失败时，最好的疗伤工具！人与人间本无关係，只因有了情感而互相有了羁绊，谁能想像没有情感的世界呢？当我恍然大悟，多年来对此话的意义豁然开朗！但如今这社会中，多的是为了功名利禄而不惜陷朋友于不义者，他们竟可以这么简单地就抛弃了人类一生中最重要的情感，实令人心寒！一位老师问了个问题：“你的人生志愿是什么呢？”一位小男孩答：“我想当个有着丰富情感的人！”老师说男孩不懂问题的意义，小男孩道：“是你不懂人生！”若一生懂得这个道理，此生足矣！上海春季高考作文题目2023精选篇2下午的第一节课，老师给我们上了一堂特殊的课。

上海英语试卷解析-2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.W: Can you describe what you do?M: I wash office building windows. I go high up in the basket to reach the windows.Q: What is the man's job?A.A basketball player.B.A laundry worker.C.A window washer.D.A rock climber【答案】C. A window washer.【解析】这是一道事实细节题。

从对话中可知，男士清洗办公楼的窗户。

所以选项为C，他是个窗户清洁工。

关键词句：I wash office building windows；to reach the window.2.M: Should we go out or eat in tonight?W: I am too tired to do any cooking.Q: What does the woman imply?A.She is not hungry.B.She wants to cook.C.She is not tired.D.She wants to dine out.【答案】D. She wants to dine out.【解析】这是一道推理题。

2022(上海市)高考英语阅读理解（4）及解析或解析（9月）阅读明白得、专题训练(**)、时文阅读◆技巧点拨时文阅读是高考阅读明白得的考查重点。

它所报道的差不多上国内外最新的事物或趋势，内容新颖，语言地道。

阅读时文可拓宽考生视野，使考生了解国内外大事及最新动态，激发考生的阅读爱好，增加考生的语言积存，进而提高考生的语言运用能力，从而做到镇定应考。

时文多为记叙文或说明文，或记叙某人某物，或介绍某新生事物、科研进展、生活时尚等。

此外，广告也可归为时文范畴。

因此，要正确明白得阅读材料，考生需灵活运用阅读技巧，从而准确把握文章脉络，抓住文章主旨。

◆活学活用阅读下列短文，按要求完成读写任务Move Earth — it's no science fictionLONDON — Scientists have found an unusual way to prevent our planet from overheating：move it to a cooler spot.All you have to do is send a few comets(彗星)in the direction of Earth，and its orbit(轨道)will be changed.Our world will then be sent spinning into a safer，colder part of the solar system.This idea for improving our climate comes from a group of US National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA) engineers and American astronomers.They say their plan could add another six billion years to the useful lifetime of our planet—effectively doubling its working life.The plan put forward by Dr Laughlin，and his colleagues Don Korycansky and Fred Adams，needs carefully directing a comet or asteroid so that it passes close by our planet and sends some of its gravitational energy to Earth.“Earth's orbital speed would increase as a result and we would move to a higher orbit away from the Sun，” Laughlin said.Engineers would then direct their comet so that it passed close to Jupiter or Saturn.The comet would pick up energy from one of these giant ter its orbit would bring it back to Earth，and the process would be repeated.In the short term，the plan provides an ideal way to global warming，although the team was actually concerned with a much greater danger.The sun is certain to heat up in about a billion years and so “seriously compromise”our biosphere(生物圈)—by cooking us.That's why the group decided to try to save Earth.The plan has one or two worrying aspects，however.For a start，space engineers would have to be very careful about how they directed their asteroid or comet towards Earth.The smallest miscalculation(误算)in orbit could fire it straight at Earth—with deadly consequences.There is also the question of the Moon.As the current issue of Scientific American以约30词概括文章大意_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Ⅱ.依照短文内容选择最佳答案1．What makes the scientists plan to move Earth?A．A few comets are moving to the direction of Earth.B．Earth's working life is coming to an end soon.C．Earth will become too hot for mankind to keep alive.D．The moon is moving farther and farther away from Earth.2．If the plan is successful，Earth will have a working life of ________years.A．12 billion B．6 billionC．18 billion D．24 billion3．What serious problems might the plan cause according to the passage?A．The comet might hit Earth and man might lose the moon.B．Earth might be moved too far away and man might be frozen to death.C．The comet might hit Jupiter or Saturn and never return to Earth.D．Earth's working life might be greatly shortened.4．What does the underlined word “compromise” mean?A．provide B．benefitC．share D．endanger5．Which of the following best shows how the plan would work?参考答案ⅠThe text is about a way to save the earth from overheating：to send a few comets in the direction of Earth，making the earth spin into a safer，colder part of the solar system.(35 words)Ⅱ1．解析：从The sun is certain to heat up in about a billion years and so “seriously compromise” our biosphere(生物圈)— by cooking us.得知答案。

高考回答问题专项讲解一，题型分析：回答问题为高考试卷阅读部分最后一题，文章难度一般不大，学生能够通过泛读确定答案位置。

题目类型一般分为：细节题，转换题和总结题。

细节题难度较小，答案可以在文章中直接找到。

转换题是回答问题中的重点，也是常考内容，这种问题的答案也可以在文章中找到，但通常需要一定的词性或句式的变换。

因此学生在做题时要注意词性，句法的正确性。

此外，总结类题目也时常出现，但是总结文章大意的题目基本不会在此题考查。

在考察时，通过段意或句意总结答案。

此类题目相对难度较大，且不易完整地写出答案。

二，例题讲解1，细节题（可以在文中直接找到正确答案）Deep discrimination (歧视)against women creates a firm force that keeps girls from living up to their full potential. It also leaves them victims to severe physical and emotional harm. These “servants of the household" come to accep t that life will never be any different. What's most harmful, it results not only in millions of individual tragedies, but also in the lost potential for the entire country. Studies show there is a direct link between a country's attitude toward women and its social and economic progress. The status of women is central to the health of a society. If one part suffers, so does the whole.82. The most severe result of discrimination against women is ________________________.Nevertheless, the comprehensive change for a society speaks for the more far-reaching meaning of women education. As women get the opportunity to go to school and obtain higher-level jobs, they gain status in their communities, which translates into the power to influence their families and societies. Such power may, together with other forces of outside interference, make even bigger changes possible and gradually lighten up women's fates in these countries.84. High social position at home helps women to have the ability to ________________________.When food from those animals hits the market, the public may yet have its say. FDA officials have said they do not expect to require food from clones to be labeled as such, but they may allow foods from ordinary animals to be labeled as not from clones.84. How will foods from ordinary animals be labeled?In practice, it will be years before foods from clones make their way to store shelves in large quantities, in part because the clones themselves are too valuable to kill or milk. Instead, the expensive animals’replicas(复制品) of some of the finest farm animals ever born — will be used firstly as breeding stock to create what supporters say will be a new generation of superior farm animals.82. Foods from clones won’t be available soon partly because _________________.Studies show that using negative, insulting words — even as you talk to yourself — can darken your mood, as well. Fill your head with positive thoughts, express thanks and encouragement aloud and look for something to be grateful for, not criticize, in those around you, especially loved ones.84. In order not to darken our moods, we’d better stop ________________.2，转换题，包括词性转换和句子转换。

专题9 阅读理解之主旨大意题【考情分析】阅读文章是人类获取信息，了解世界最主要途径，高考英语试题中每年都要设置考查主旨大意的题目，这充分体现高考对同学们理解主旨要义能力的要求大大提高了，然而主旨大意题恰恰是考生的软肋，很多同学根本不知道如何下手，以下将详细解说主旨大意题的特点及解题技巧，帮助考生攻下这个堡垒。

【解题指导】我们阅读一篇文章，首先是要了解其大意、明确其主旨。

因此，主旨大意题是常考题型。

主旨大意题包括：主要内容(main idea, mainly about)型、文章标题(best title)型、写作目的(purpose)型。

【解题技巧】1. 弄清文章的大意，关键是找到主题句。

主题句的位置：主题句通常在文首、文末或首尾呼应，有时也在文中，或没有主题句，需根据文章所述内容进行归纳。

各段的主题句也常在该段的首句或尾句。

议论文和说明文一般有主题句，但记叙文通常没有主题句，需要归纳。

2. 找主题句的方法：用略读法(skimming)。

即快速阅读文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，搜索主题线索和主题信息。

找主题句的四个小窍门：(1) 当段落中出现表转折的词语(如however, but, in fact, actually等)时，该句很可能是主题句。

(2) 当首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章的主旨。

(3) 作者有意识地反复重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。

(4) 表示总结或结论的话（常有therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等）。

3. 关于干扰项和正确答案。

(1)干扰项可能是文中某个具体事实或细节；可能是文中某些(不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论；可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。

(2) 正确答案：是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。

【题型总结】在阅读理解中，主旨大意题常有以下几种命题方式：(1)Main idea型：选择项多为陈述句，要求考生选择表达作者思想或观点的句子。

高考英语试题上海版及答案一、听力部分（共30分）1. 听短对话，选择最佳答案（每题1分，共10分）- 例题：What is the man going to do?A. Go to the library.B. Go to the cinema.C. Go to the concert.- 答案：A2. 听长对话，选择最佳答案（每题2分，共10分）- 例题：What does the woman suggest the man do?A. Take a break.B. Work overtime.C. Ask for help.- 答案：C3. 听短文，选择最佳答案（每题3分，共10分）- 例题：What is the main idea of the passage?A. The importance of teamwork.B. The benefits of technology.C. The impact of climate change.- 答案：A二、阅读理解（共40分）1. 阅读理解A（每题2分，共10分）- 例题：According to the passage, what is the author's opinion on the issue?A. Positive.B. Negative.C. Neutral.- 答案：A2. 阅读理解B（每题2分，共10分）- 例题：What does the word "innovative" in the second paragraph mean?A. Creative.B. Traditional.C. Conservative.- 答案：A3. 阅读理解C（每题2分，共20分）- 例题：What is the best title for the passage?A. The Power of Imagination.B. The Role of Technology in Education.C. The Impact of Social Media on Youth.- 答案：B三、完形填空（共20分）- 例题：In the passage, the word "challenges" is most closely related to which of the following?A. Opportunities.B. Problems.C. Solutions.- 答案：B四、语法填空（共10分）- 例题：The scientist, _______ (who/that/which) we interviewed last week, is now working on a new project.答案：who五、短文改错（共10分）- 例题：I have been studying English for two years, and I have made a lot of progress. (指出并改正错误)答案：将 "I have been studying" 改为 "I have studied"六、书面表达（共30分）- 题目：请以“My Hometown”为题写一篇短文，描述你的家乡以及你与家乡的联系。

上海高三高中英语高考真卷班级:___________ 姓名：___________ 分数：___________一、阅读填空1.My Stay in New YorkAfter graduation from university, I had been unable to secure a permanent job in my small town. So I decided to leave home for New York, 【1】______I might have a better chance to find a good job.【2】 ______ (earn) some money to pay the daily expenses, I started work in a local café as a waiter. I believe that【3】______ ______ ______ I was offered a good position, I would resign at once.Over time, the high cost of living became a little burden on my already【4】 ______ (exhaust) shoulder. On the other hand, my search for a respectable job had not met with much success. As I had studied literature at university, I found it quite difficult to secure a suitable job in big companies. Mother had just said that【5】______ I want to have a better career advancement, I had to find work in the city. Perhaps【6】______my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind. I just did as she had expected.Soon I had lived in the city for over six months but I still did not like it. Apparently, I had difficulty【7】______ (adapt) myself to life in the city, let alone finding a job to my delight. After nine months of frustration, I eventually decided to go back to my small town. Not until I returned【8】______I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me.2.The giant vending machine (自动售货机) is a new village shopVillagers have long been used to facing a drive when they run out of basic supplies. However, help is now nearer at hand in form of the country’s first automatic push-button shop. Now residents in the Derbyshire Village of Clifton can buy groceries around the clock after the huge vending was installed outside a pub in the village this week.Peter Fox, who is【1】______electrical engineer, spent two and a half years working on the project. The machine【2】______ (equip) with securing cameras and alarms and looks like a mini shop with a brick front, a grey roof and a display window.Mr. Fox said he hoped his invention,【3】_____ is set to be installed in other villages in the area over the coming months, will mark a return to convenience shopping for rural communities.He said:“ I had this idea a few years ago but I couldn’t find a manufacture who could deliver what I wanted, so I did it by【4】_____. The result is what amounts to huge outdoor vending machine. Yet I th ink the term “automatic shop” is far【5】______ (appropriate)In recent years, the commercial pressure from supermarket chains【6】______ force village shops across the country to close. In 2010, it was estimated that about 400 village shops closed,【7】______ (urge) the local government to give financial support to struggling shops or set-up new communities stores.Hundreds of communities have since stepped in and opened up their won volunteer-run shops, but Mr. Fox hopes his new invention will offer a solution【8】______these villages without a local shop.3.Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. alertB. classifyC. commitD. delicatelyE. gentleF. imposeG. labels H. moderation I. relieve J. signals K. simplyLet's say you've decided you want to eat more healthfully. However, you don't have time to carefully plan menusfor meals or read food __【1】__ at the supermarket. Since you really__【2】__ yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldn't it? This is where a "choice architect" can help__【3】__some of the burden of doing it all yourself. Choice architects are people who organize the contexts in which customers make decisions. For example, the person who decides the layout of your local supermarket-including which shelf the peanut butter goes on, and how the oranges are piled up—is a choice architect. Governments don't have to__【4】__healthier lifestyles through laws for example, smoking bans. Rather, if given an environment created by a choice architect-one that encourages us to choose what is best-we will do the right things. In other words, there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthier choices, without removing freedom of choice. This idea combines freedom to choose with__【5】__hints from choice architects, who aim to help people live longer, healthier, and happier lives.The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called "traffic light system" to __【6】__foods as healthy or unhealthy. This means that customers can see at a glance how much fat, sugar, and salt each product contains__【7】__by looking at the lights on the package. A green light __【8】__that the amounts of the three nutrients are healthy; yellow indicates that the customer should be__【9】__; and red means that the food is high in at least one of the three nutrients and should be eaten in __ 【10】__. The customer is given important health information, but is still free to decide what to choose.二、完形填空Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we've just watched or books we've just finished reading, but plain and simple ____.Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we ____ do with it? We gossip. About others' behaviour and private lives, such as who's doing what with whom, who's in and who's out-and why; how to deal with difficult ____ situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues.So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural ____, of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? It's not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really____issues.Dunbar ____ the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We don't spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar—____, he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the ____ of the higher primates（灵长类动物）like monkeys. By means of grooming--cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or____ from outside it.As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar ____ that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater the____ it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others. Grooming helped to ____ the pressure and calm everybody down.But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be ____ to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more ____ kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal（有声的）grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one ____ contact.【1】A．claim B．description C．gossip D．language【2】A．occasionally B．habitually C．independently D．originally【3】A．social B．political C．historical D．cultural【4】A．admirers B．masters C．users D．wasters 【5】A．vital B．sensitive C．ideal D．difficult 【6】A．confirms B．rejects C．outlines D．broadens 【7】A．for instance B．in addition C．on the contrary D．as a result 【8】A．motivation B．appearance C．emotion D．behaviour 【9】A．attack B．contact C．inspection D．assistance 【10】A．recalls B．denies C．concludes D．confesses 【11】A．prospect B．responsibility C．leadership D．protection 【12】A．measure B．show C．maintain D．ease 【13】A．saved B．extended C．consumed D．gained 【14】A．common B．efficient C．scientific D．Thoughtful 【15】A．indirect B．daily C．physical D．secret三、阅读理解1.Most people agree that honesty is a good thing. But does Mother Nature agree? Animals can't talk, but can they lie in other ways? Can they lie with their bodies and behavior? Animal experts may not call it lying, but they do agree that many animals, from birds to chimpanzees, behave dishonestly to fool other animals. Why? Dishonesty often helps them survive.Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals. For example, a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young. When a predator（猎食动物）gets close to its nest, the plover leads the predator away from the nest. How? It pretends to have a broken wing. The predator follows the "hurt" adult, leaving the baby birds safe in the nest.Another kind of bird, the scrub jay, buries its food so it always has something to eat. Scrub jays are also thieves. They watch where others bury their food and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them. So they go back later, unbury the food, and bury it again somewhere else.Birds called cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work. How? They don't make nests. Instead, they get into other birds' nests secretly. Then they lay their eggs and fly away. When the baby birds come out, their adoptive parents feed them.Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky. After a fight, the losing chimp will give its hand to the other. When the winning chimp puts out its hand, too, the chimps are friendly again. But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winner's hand and start fighting again.Chimps are sneaky in other ways, too. When chimps find food that they love, such as bananas, it is natural for them to cry out. Then other chimps come running. But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food. That way, other chimps don't hear them, and they don't need to share their food.As children, many of us learn the saying "You can't fool Mother Nature." But maybe you can't trust her, either. 【1】A plover protects its young from a predator by______.A．getting closer to its youngB．driving away the adult predatorC．leaving its young in another nestD．pretending to be injured【2】By "Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky" (paragraph 5), the author means______.A．chimps are ready to attack othersB．chimps are sometimes dishonestC．chimps are jealous of the winnersD．chimps can be selfish too【3】Which of the following is true according to the passage?A．Some chimps lower their cry to keep food away from others.B．The losing chimp won the fight by taking the winner's hand.C．Cuckoos fool their adoptive parents by making no nests.D．Some clever scrub jays often steal their food back.【4】Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A．Do animals lie?B．Does Mother Nature fool animals?C．How do animals learn to lie?D．How does honesty help animals survive?2.Let's say you want to hit the gym more regularly this year. How do you make that happen? Consider putting the habit loop to use.Here's how it works:A habit is a 3-step process. First, there's a cue, something that tells your brain to operate automatically. Then there's a routine. And finally, a reward, which helps your brain learn to desire the behavior. It's what you can use to create-or break-habits of your own.Here's how to apply it:Choose a cue, like leaving your running shoes by the door, then pick. a reward-say, a piece of chocolate when you get home from the gym. That way, the cue and the reward become interconnected. Finally, when you seethe shoes, your brain will start longing for the reward, which will make it easier to work out day after day. The best part? In a couple of weeks, you won't need the chocolate at all. Your brain will come to see the workoutitself as the reward. Which is the whole point, right?【1】Which of the following best fits in the box with a “?” in THE HABIT LOOP?A．Pick a new cue.B．Form a new habit.C．Choose a new reward.D．Design a new resolution.【2】According to THE HABIT LOOP, you can stick to your plan most effectively by______.A．changing the routine B．trying it for a weekC．adjusting your goal D．writing it down【3】What's the purpose of putting the habit loop to use?A．To test out different kinds of cues.B．To do something as a habit even without rewards.C．To work out the best New Year's resolution.D．To motivate yourself with satisfactory rewards.【4】“This year when I see the Harry Potter poster, I will read 30 pages of an English novel or an English newspaper in order to watch TV for half an hour." What is the cue in this resolution?A．The Harry Potter poster.B．Reading 30 pages of an English novel.C．An English newspaper.D．Watching TV for half an hour.3.If you could be anybody in the world, who would it be? Your neighbour or a super star? A few people have experienced what it might be like to step into the skin of another person, thanks to an unusual virtual reality（虚拟现实）device. Rikke Wahl, an actress, model and artist, was one of the participants in a body swapping experiment at the Be Another lab, a project developed by a group of artists based in Barcelona. She swapped with her partner, an actor, using a machine called The Machine to Be Another and temporarily became a man. "As I looked down, I saw my whole body as a man, dressed in my partner's pants," she said. "That's the picture I remember best."The set-up is relatively simple. Both users wear a virtual reality headset with a camera on the top. The video from each camera is sent to the other person, so what you see is the exact view of your partner. If she moves her arm, you see it. If you move your arm, she sees it.To get used to seeing another person's body without actually having control of it, participants start by raising theirarms and legs very slowly, so that the other can follow along. Eventually, this kind of slow synchronised（同步的）movement becomes comfortable, and participants really start to feel as though they are living in another person's body.Using such technology promises to alter people's behaviour afterwards-potentially for the better. Studies have shown that virtual reality can be effective in fighting racism-the bias（偏见）that humans have against those who don't look or sound like them. Researchers at the University of Barcelona gave people a questionnaire called the Implicit Association Test, which measures the strength of people's associations between, for instance, black people and adjectives such as good, bad, athletic or awkward. Then they asked them to control the body of adark skinned digital character using virtual reality glasses, before taking the test again. This time, the participants' bias scores were lower. The idea is that once you've "put yourself in another's shoes" you're less likely to think illof them, because your brain has internalised the feeling of being that person.The creators of The Machine to Be Another hope to achieve a similar result. "At the end of body swapping,people feel like holding each other in their arms," says Arthur Pointeau, a programmer with the project. "It's a really nice way to have this kind of experience. I would really, really recommend it to everyone."【1】The word "swapping" (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to______.A．building B．exchanging C．controlling D．transplanting【2】We can infer from the experiment at the Be Another lab that______.A．our feelings are related to our bodily experienceB．we can learn to take control of other people's bodiesC．participants will live more passionately after the experimentD．The Machine to Be Another can help people change their sexes【3】In the Implicit Association Test, before the participants used virtual reality glasses to control a dark skinned digital character, ______.A．they fought strongly against racismB．they scored lower on the test for racismC．they changed their behaviour dramaticallyD．they were more biased against those unlike them【4】It can be concluded from the passage that______.A．technology helps people realize their dreamsB．our biases could be eliminated through experimentsC．virtual reality helps promote understanding among peopleD．our points of view about others need changing constantly四、其他1.More and more corporations are taking an interest in corporate social responsibility (CSR). CSR is made up of three broad layers. The most basic is traditional corporate charity work. Companies typically spend about 1% of pre-tax profits on worthy projects. But many feel that simply writing cheques to charities is no longer enough. In some companies, shareholders want to know that their money is being put to good use, and employees want tobe actively involved in good works.Money alone is not the answer when companies come under attack for their behavior. Hence the second layer of CSR, which is a branch of risk management. Starting in the 1980s, with environmental disasters such as the explosion at Bhopal and the Exxon Valdez oil spill, industry after industry has suffered blows to its reputation. So, companies often responded by trying to manage the risks. They talk to non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and to governments, create codes of conduct（行为准则) and devote themselves to more transparency （透明）in their operations. Increasingly, too. they, along with their competitors, set common rules to spread risks.All this is largely defensive, but there are also opportunities for those that get ahead of the game. The emphasison opportunity is the third layer of CSR: the idea that it can help to create value. If approached in a strategic way, CSR could become part of a company's competitive advantage. That is just the sort of thing chief executives liketo hear. The idea of "doing well by doing good" has become popular.Nevertheless, the business of trying to be good is bringing difficult questions to executives. Can you measure CSR performance? Should you be cooperating with NGOs and you’re your competitors? Is there any really competitive advantage to be had from a green strategy?Corporate social responsibility is now seen as a mainstream. Big companies want to tell the world about their good citizenship with their devotion to social responsibilities. Done badly, CSR is often just window-dressing and can be positively harmful. Done well, though, it is not some separate activity that companies do on the side, a corner of corporate life reserved for virtue（美德）：it is just good business.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)【1】Both _________ in some companies find it no longer enough to simply donate money to charities.【2】Give one example of the defensive measures of risk management according to the passage.【3】With the emphasis on opportunity, the third layer of CSR is meant to_________.【4】According to the passage, "good business" (paragraph 6) means that corporations ________ while making profits.2.Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.【1】我习惯睡前听点轻音乐。

上海2022高考英语试题及答案一、听力理解（A）根据所听对话，选择最佳答案。

1. What does the man suggest they do after lunch?A. Go for a walk.B. Watch a movie.C. Stay at home.Answer: A2. Why does the woman need to buy a new computer?A. Her old one is too slow.B. She wants to play new games.C. She needs it for her new job.Answer: C3. What is the man's opinion about the restaurant?A. The food is delicious.B. The service is poor.C. The prices are too high.Answer: B（B）根据所听短文，回答问题。

4. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The history of the city.B. The development of tourism.C. The importance of environmental protection.Answer: C5. What does the speaker suggest people do to help the environment?A. Plant more trees.B. Use public transportation.C. Both A and B.Answer: C二、阅读理解（A）阅读下面的短文，选择最佳答案。

Passage 1The article discusses the benefits of learning a second language. It states that learning a new language can improve cognitive abilities and enhance cultural understanding.6. What is the main idea of the article?A. The drawbacks of learning a second language.B. The advantages of learning a second language.C. The process of learning a second language.Answer: B7. According to the article, what can be a result of learninga new language?A. Better job opportunities.B. Improved memory and concentration.C. Increased travel expenses.Answer: B（B）阅读下面的短文，回答问题。