2013年考研英语阅读理解精选练习题十套
Passage 1
In 1939 two brothers, Mac and Dick McDonald, started a drive-in restaurant in San Bernadino, California. They carefully chose a busy corner for their location. They had run their own businesses for years, first a theater, then a barbecue(烤肉)restaurant, and then another drive-in. But in their new operation, they offered a new, shortened menu: French fries, hamburgers, and sodas. To this small selection they added one new concept: quick service, no waiters or waitresses, and no tips.
Their hamburgers sold for fifteen cents. Cheese was another four cents. Their French fries and hamburgers had a remarkable uniformity, for the brothers had developed a strict routine for the preparation of their food, and they insisted on their cooks' sticking to their routine. Their new drive-in became incredibly popular, particularly for lunch. People drove up by the hundreds during the busy noontime. The self-service restaurant was so popular that the brothers had allowed ten copies of their restaurant to be opened. They were content with this modest success untilthey met Ray Kroc.
Kroc was a salesman who met the McDonald brothers in 1954, when he was selling milk shake-mixing machines. He quickly saw the unique appeal of the brothers' fast-food restaurants and bought the right to franchise(特许经营)other copies of their restaurants. The agreement struck included the right to duplicate the menu. The equipment, even their red and white buildings with the golden arches(拱门).
Today McDonald's is really a household name. Its names for its sandwiches have come to mean hamburger in the decades since the day Ray Kroc watched people rush up to order fifteen-cent hamburgers. In 1976, McDonald's had over $ 1 billion in total sales. Its first twenty-two years is one of the most incredible success stories
in modern American business history.
1. This passage mainly talks about .
A) the development of fast food services
B) how McDonald's became a billion-dollar business
C) the business careers of Mac and Dick McDonald
D) Ray Kroc's business talent
2. Mac and Dick managed all of the following businesses except .
A) a drive-in
B) a cinema
C) a theater
D) a barbecue restaurant
3. We may infer from this passage that .
A)Mac and Dick McDonald never became wealthy for they sold their idea to Kroc
B)The location the McDonalds chose was the only source of the great popularity of their drive-in
C)Forty years ago there were numerous fast-food restaurants
D) Ray Kroc was a good businessman
4. The passage suggests that .
A) creativity is an important element of business success
B) Ray Kroc was the close partner of the McDonald brothers
C) Mac and Dick McDonald became broken after they sold their ideas to Ray Kroc
D) California is the best place to go into business
5. As used in the second sentence of the third paragraph, the worduniquemeans .
A)special
B)financial
C )attractive
D)peculiar
Passage 1
1.C
2.B
3.D
4.A
5.D
Passage2
You're busy filling out the application form for a position you really need; let's assume you once actually completed a couple of years of college work or even that you completed your degree. Isn't it tempting to lie just a little, to claim on the form that your diploma represents a Harvard degree? Or that you finished an extra couple of years back at State University?
More and more people are turning to utter deception like this to land their job or to move ahead in their careers, for personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous schools. A job applicant may have a good education anyway, but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a well-known university. Registrars at most well-known colleges say theydeal with deceitful claims like these at the rate of aboutone per week.
Personnel officers do check up on degrees listed on application forms, then. If it turns out that an applicants lying, most colleges are reluctant to accuse the applicant directly. One Ivy League school calls them impostors(骗子); another refers to them asspecial cases. One well-known West Coast school, in perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, says that these claims are made byno such people.
To avoid outright(彻底的)lies, some job-seekers claim that they attended or were associated with a college or university. After carefully checking, a personnel officer may discover that attending means being dismissed after one semester. It
may be that being associated with a college means that the job-seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. One school that keeps records of false claims says that the practice dates back at least to the turn of the century-that's when they began keeping records, anyhow.
If you don't want to lie or even stretch the truth, there are companies that will sell you a phony(假的)diploma. One company, with offices in New York and on the West Coast, will put your name on a diploma from any number of non-existent colleges. The price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from Smoot State University.The prices increase rapidly for a degree from the University of Purdue. As there is no Smoot State and the real school in Indiana properly called Purdue University, the prices seem rather high for one sheet of paper.
1. The main idea of this passage is that .
A) employers are checking more closely on applicants now
B) lying about college degrees has become a widespread problem
C) college degrees can now be purchased easily
D) employers are no longer interested in college degrees
2. According to the passage, special cases refer to cases where .
A) students attend a school only part-time
B) students never attended a school they listed on their application
C) students purchase false degrees from commercial films
D) students attended a famous school
3. We can infer from the passage that .
A) performance is a better judge of ability that a college degree
B) experience is the best teacher
C) past work histories influence personnel officers more than degrees do
D) a degree from a famous school enables an applicant to gain advantage over others in job petition
4. This passage implies that .
A) buying a false degree is not moral
B) personnel officers only consider applicants from famousschools
C) most people lie on applications because they were dismissed from school
D) society should be greatly responsible for lying on applications
5. As used in the first line of the second paragraph, the word utter means .
A)address
B)thorough
C)ultimate
D)decisive
Passage 2
1.B
2.C
3.D
4.D
5.C
Passage 3
Everyone has heard of the San Andreas fault (断层), which constantly threatens California and the West Coast with earthquakes. But how many people know about the equally serious New Madrid fault in Missouri?
Between December of 1811 and February of 1812, three major earthquakes occurred, all centered around the town of New Madrid, Missouri, on the Mississippi River. Property damage was severe. Buildings in the area were almost destroyed. Whole forests fell at once, and huge cracks opened in the ground, allowing smell of sulfur(硫磺)to filter upward.
The Mississippi River itself completely changed character, developing sudden rapids and whirlpools. Several times it changed its course, and once, according to
some observers, it actually appeared to run backwards.Few people were killed in the New Marid earthquakes, probably simply because few people lived in the area in 1811; but the severity of the earthquakes are shown by the fact that the shock waves rang bells in church towers in Charleston, South Carolina, on the coast. Buildings shook in New York City, and clocks wer stopped in Washington, D.C. Scientists now know that America's two major faults are essentially different. The San Andreas is a horizontal boundary between two major land masses that are slowly moving in opposite directions. California earthquakes result when the movement of these two masses suddenly lurches (倾斜) forward.
The New Madrid fault, on the other hand, is a vertical fault; at some points, possibly hundreds of millions of years ago, rock was pushed up toward the surface, probably by volcanoes under the surface. Suddenly, the volcanoes cooled and the rock collapsed, leaving huge cracks. Even now, the rock continues to settle downwards, and sudden sinking motions trigger (触发) earthquakes in the region. The fault itself, a large crack in this layer of rock, with dozens of other cracks that split off from it, extends from northeastArkansas through Missouri and into southern lllinois.
Scientists who have studied the New Madrid fault say there have been numerous smaller quakes in the area since 1811; these smaller quakes indicate that larger ones are probably coming, but the scientists say have no method of predictingwhen
a large earthquake will occur.
1. This passage is mainly about .
A)the New Madrid fault in Missouri
B)the San Andreas and the New Madrid faults
C)the causes of faults
D)current scientific knowledge about faults
2. The New Madrid fault is .
A) a horizontal fault
B) a vertical fault
C) a more serious fault than the San Andreas fault
D) responsible for forming the Mississippi River
3. We may conclude from the passage that .
A) it is probably as dangerous to live in Missouri as in California
B) the New Madrid fault will eventually develop a mountain range in Missouri
C) California will become an island in future
D) A big earthquake will occur to California soon
4. This passage implies that .
A) horizontal faults are more dangerous than vertical faults.
B) Vertical faults are more dangerous than horizontal faults
C) Earthquakes occur only around fault areas
D) California will break into pieces by an eventual earthquake
5. As used in the first sentence of the fourth paragraph, the word essentially means .
A) greatly
C) basically
B) extremely
D) necessarily
Passage 3
1.B
2.B
3.A
4.C
5.C
Passage 4
Those who welcomed the railway saw it as more than a rapid and comfortable means
of passing. They actually saw it as afactor in world peace. They did not foresee that the railway would be just one more means for the rapid movement of aggressive armies. None of them foresaw that the more weare together-the more chances there are of war. Any boy or girl who is one of a large family knows that.
Whenever any new invention is put forward, those for it and those against it can always find medical men to approve or condemn. The anti-railway group produced doctors who said that tunnels would be most dangerous to public health: they would produce colds, catarrhs (粘膜炎) and consumptions. The deafening noise and the glare of the engine fire, would have a bad effect on the nerves. Further, being moved through the air at a high speed would do grave injury to delicate lungs. In those with high blood-pressure, the movement of the train might produce apoplexy (中风). The sudden plunging of a train into the darkness of a tunnel, and the equally sudden rush into full daylight, would cause great damage to eyesight. But the pro-railway group was of course able to produce equally famous medical men to say just the opposite. They said that the speed and swing of the train would equalize the circulation, promote digestion, tranquilize the nerves, and ensure good sleep.
The actual rolling-stock was anything but comfortable. If it was a test of endurance to sit for four hours outside a coach in rain, or inside in dirty air, the railway offered little more in the way of comfort. Certainly the first-class carriages had cushioned seats; but the second-class had only narrow bare boards, while the third-class had nothing at all; no seats and no roof; they were just open trucks. So that third-class passengers gained nothing from the few mode except speed. In the matter of comfort, indeed they lost; they did, on the coaches, have a seat, but now they had to stand all the way, which gave opportunities to the comic (滑稽的) press. This kind of thing: A man was seen yesterday buying a third-class ticket
for the new London and Birmingham Railway. The state of his mind is being enquired into.
A writer in the early days of railways wrote feelingly of both second-and third-class carriages. He made the suggestion that the directors of the railways must have sent all over the world to find the hardest possible wood. Of the open third-class trucks he said that they had the peculiar property of meeting the rain from whatever quarter it came. He described them as horizontal shower-baths, from whose searching power there was no escape.
1. All boys and girls in large families know that .
A) a boy and a girl usually fight when they are together
B) people tend to be together more than they used to be
C) a lot of people being together makes fights likely
D) Railway leads the world to peace
2. According to those who welcomed the railway, the railway itself should include all the following except .
A) the railway enables people travel fast
B) the railway brings comfort to people
C) the railway makes the world peaceful
D) the railway leads the world to war as well.
3. According to the anti-railway group, all the followings are true but .
A) tunnels are dangerous to public health
B) the noise and the glare of the engine fire may affect people's nerves
C) the rapid speed through the air does damage to people's lungs
D) to those with high blood-pressure, the rapid speed of the train causes them
to die
4. We may safely conclude that .
A) the author belongs to the anti-railway group
B) the author belongs to the for-railway group
C) the author speaks highly of the railway
D) the author may never take train because of its potential dangers
5. What is the tone of this passage?
A)Practical
B)Satirical
C)Humorous
D)Exaggerated
Passage 4
1.C
2.D
3.D
4.A
5.C
Passage 5
In 1960-1961, Chad (乍得) harvested 9800 tons of cotton seed for the first time in its history, and put out the flag a little too soon. The efforts of the authorities to get the peasants back to work, as they had slacked off (松懈) a great deal the previous year during independence celebrations, largely contributed to it. Also, rains were well spaced, and continued through the whole month of October. If the 1961-1962 total is back to the region of 45000 tons, it is mostly because efforts slackened again and sowing was started too late.
The average date of sowing is about July 1st. If this date is simply moved up fifteen or twenty days, 30000 to 60000 tons of cotton are gained, depending on the year. The peasant in Chad sows his millet (小米) first, and it is hard to criticize this instinctive priority given to his daily bread. An essential reason for his
lateness with sowing cotton is that at the time when he should leave to prepare the fields he has just barely sold the cotton of the previous season. The work required to sow, in great heat, is psychologically far more difficult if one's pockets are full of money. The date of cotton sales should therefore be moved forward as much as possible, and purchases of equipment and draught animals encouraged.
Peasants should also be encouraged to save money, to help them through the difficult period between harvests. If necessary they should be forced to do so, by having the payments for cotton given to them in installments (分期付款). The last payment would be made after proof that the peasant has planted before the deadline, the date being advanced to the end of June. Those who have done so would receive extra money whereas the last planters would not receive their last payment until later.
Only the first steps are hard, because once work has started the peasants continue willingly on their way. Educational campaigns among the peasants will play an essential role in this basic advance, early sowing, on which all the others depend. It is not a matter of controlling the peasants. Each peasant will remain master of his fields. One could, however, suggest the need for the time being of kind but firm rule, which, as long as it cannot be realized by the people, should at least be for the people.
1. In 1960-1961, Chad had a good harvest of cotton because .
A) the government greatly encouraged peasants
B) rains favored the growth of cotton
C) Chad gained independence in the previous year
D) Both A)and B)
2. We learn from the passage that the date of sowing cotton is usually .
A) on June 15th
B) on July 15th
C) on July 1st
D) on July 20th
3. As used in the third sentence of the second paragraph,daily breadrefers to .
A) breakfast
B)bread and butter
C)rice
D)millet
4. In order to help them through the difficult time between harvests the peasants have to .
A) sell cotton in advance
B) be encouraged to save money
C) sow cotton in time
D) plant millet first
5. Which of the following is NOT true?
A) Educational campaigns are very important to early sowing.
B) Of all the advances that the writer hopes for, early sowing is the most important.
C) Peasants should remain the masters of their fields.
D) Government might as well make good and firm rule for peasants.
Passage 5
1.D
2.C
3.D
4.B
5.B
Passage 6
We can make mistakes at any age. Some mistakes we make are about money. But most mistakes are about people. Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen? When I got that great job, did Jim really feel good about it, as a friend? Or did he envy my luck? And Paul-why didn't pick up that he was friendly just because I had a car? When we look back, doubts like these can make us feel bad. But when we look back, it's too late.
Why do we go wrong about our friends-or our enemies? Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning. And if we don't really listen we miss the feeling behind the words. Suppose someone tells you, You're a lucky dog. That's being friendly. But lucky dog? There's a bit of envy in those words. Maybe he doesn't see it himself. But bringing in the dog bit puts you down a little. What he may be saying is that the doesn't think you deserve your luck.
Just think of all the things you have to be thankful foris another noise that says one thing and means another. It could mean that the speaker is trying to get you to see your problem as part of your life as a whole. But is he? Wrapped up in this phrase is the thought that your problem isn't important. It's telling you to think of all the starving people in the world when you haven't got a date for Saturday night.
How can you tell the real meaning behind someone's words? One way is to take a good look at the person talking. Do his words fit the way he looks? Does what he says agree with the tone of voice? His posture(姿态)? The look in his eyes? Stop and think. The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people to you may save another mistake.
1. This passage is mainly about .
A)how to interpret what people say
B)what to do when you listen to others talking
C)how to avoid mistakes when you communicate with people
D)Why we go wrong with people sometimes
2. According to the author, the reason why we go wrong about our friends is that .
A)We fail to listen carefully when they talk
B) People tend to be annoyed when we check what they say
C)People usually state one thing but means another
D)We tend to doubt what our friends say
3. In the sentence Maybe he doesn't see it himself. in the second paragraph, the pronoun it refers to.
A) being friendly
C) lucky dog
B) a bit of envy
D) your luck
4. When we listen to a person talking, the most important thing for us to do is .
A)notice the way the person is talking
B)take a good look at the person talking
C)mind his tone, his posture and the look in his eyes
D)examine the real meaning of what he says based on his manner, his tone and his posture
5. The author most probably is a .
A) teacher
C) philosopher
B) psychologist
D) doctor
Passage 6
1.C
2.C
3.B
4.D
5.B
Passage 7
A moment's drilling by the dentist may make us nervous and upset. Many of us cannot stand pain. To avoid the pain of a drilling that may last perhaps a minute or two, we demand theneedle- a shot of novocaine (奴佛卡因)-that deadens the nerves around the tooth.
Now it's true that the human body has developed its millions of nerves to be highly aware of what goes on both inside and outside of it. This helps us adjust to the world. Without our nerves - and our brain, which is a bundle of nerves - we wouldn't know what's happening. But we pay for our sensitivity. We can feel pain when the slightest thing is wrong with any part of our body. The history of torture is based on the human body being open to pain.
But there is a way to handle pain. Look at the Indian fakir(行僧)who sits on a bed of nails. Fakirs can put a needle right through an arm, and feel no pain. This ability that some humans have developed to handle pain should give us ideas about how the mind can deal with pain.
The big thing in withstanding pain is our attitude toward it. If the dentist says, This will hurt a little, it helps us to accept the pain. By staying relaxed, and by treating the pain as an interesting sensation(感觉), we can handle the pain without falling apart. After all, although pain is an unpleasant sensation, it is still a sensation, and sensations are the stuff of life.
1. The passage is mainly about .
A) how to suffer pain
B) how to avoid pain
C) how to handle pain
D) how to stop pain
2. The sentence But we pay for our sensitivity. in the second paragraph implies that .
A)we should pay a debt for our feeling
B)we have to be hurt when we feel something
C)our pain is worth feeling
D)when we feel pain, we are suffering it
3. When the author mentions the Indian fakir, he suggests that .
A)Indians are not at all afraid of pain
B)people may be senseless of pain
C)some people are able to handle pain
D)fakirs have magic to put needles right through their arms
4. the most important thing to handle pain is .
A) how we look at pain
B) to feel pain as much as possible
C) to show an interest in pain
D) to accept the pain reluctantly
5. The author's attitude towards pain is .
A) pessimistic
B) optimistic
C) radical (极端的)
D) practical
Passage 7
1.C
2.D
3.C
4.A
5.B
Passage 8
Thirty-two people watched kitty Genovese being killed right beneath their windows. She was their neighbor. Yet none of the 32 helped her. Not one even called the police. Was this in gunman cruelty? Was it lack of feeling about one's fellow man?
Not so, say scientists John Barley and Bib Fatane. These men went beyond the headlines to probe the reasons why people didn't act. They found that a person has to go through two steps before he can help. First he has to notice that is an emergency.
Suppose you see a middle-aged man fall to the side-walk. Is he having a heart attack? Is he in a coma (昏迷) from diabetes(糖尿病)? Or is he about to sleep off a drunk?
Is the smoke coming into the room from a leak in the air conditioning? Is itsteam pipes? Or is it really smoke from a fire? It's not always easy to tell if you are faced with a real emergency.
Second, and more important, the person faced with an emergency must feel personally responsible. He must feel that he must help, or the person won't get the help he needs.
The researchers found that a lot depends on how many people are around. They had college students in to betested. Some came alone. Some came with one or two others. And some came in large groups. The receptionist started them off on thetests. Then she went into the next room. A curtain divided thetesting roomand the room into which she went. Soon the students heard a scream, the noise of file cabinets falling and
a cry for help. All of this had been pre-recorded on a tape-recorder.
Eight out of ten of the students taking the test alone acted to help. Of the students in pairs, only two out of ten helped. Of the students in groups, none helped.
In other words, in a group, Americans often fail to act. They feel that others will act. They, themselves, needn't. They do not feel any direct responsibility.
Are people bothered by situations where people are in trouble? Yes. Scientists found that the people were emotional, they sweated, they had trembling hands. They felt the other person's trouble. But they did not act. They were in a group. Their actions were shaped by the actions of those they were with.
1. The purpose of this passage is .
A) to explain why people fail to act in emergencies
B) to explain when people wil act in emergencies
C) to explain what people will do in emergencies
D) to explain how people feel in emergencies
2. Which of the following is NOT true?
A) When a person tries to help others, he must be clear that there is a real emergency.
B) When a person tries to help others, he should know whether hey are worth his help.
C) A person must take the full responsibility for the safety of those in emergencies if he wants to help.
D) A person with a heart attack needs the most.
3. The researchers have conducted an experiment to prove that people will act in emergencies when .
A) they are in pairs
B) they are in groups
C) they are alone
D) they are with their friends
4. The main reason why people fail to act when they stay together is that .
A) they are afraid of emergencies
B) they are reluctant to get themselves involved
C) others will act if they themselves hesitate
D) they do not have any direct responsibility for those who need help
5. The author suggests that .
A) we shouldn't blame a person if he fails to act in emergencies
B) a person must feel guilty if he fails to help
C) people should be responsible for themselves in emergencies
D) when you are in trouble, people will help you anyway
Passage 8
1.B
2.C
3.C
4.D
5.A
Passage 9
People do not analyze every problem they meet. Sometimes they try to remember a solution from the last time they had a similar problem. They often accept the opinions or ideas of other people. Other times they begin to act without thinking; they try to find a solution by trial and error. However, when all these methods fail, the person with a problem has to start analyzing. There are six stages in analyzing a problem.
First the person must recognize that there is a problem. For example, Sam's bicycle is broken, and he cannot read it to class as he usually does. Sam must see that there is a problem with his bicycle.
Next the thinker must define the problem. Before Sam can repair his bicycle. he must find the reason why it does not work. For instance, he must determine if the problem is with the gears, the brakes, or the frame. He must make his problem more specific.
Now the person must look for information that will make the problem clearer and lead to possible solutions. For instance, suppose Sam decided that his bike does not work because there is something wrong with the gear wheels. At this time. he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about gears. He can talk to his friends at the bike shop. He can look at his gears carefully. after studying the problem, the person should have several suggestions for a possible solution. Take Sam as an illustration. His suggestions might be: put oil on the gear wheels; buy new gear wheels and replace the old ones; tighten or loosen the gear wheels.
Eventually one suggestion seems to be the solution to the problem. Sometimes the final idea comes very suddenly because the thinker suddenly sees something new or sees something in a new way. Sam, for example, suddenly sees that there is a piece of chewing gum(口香糖)between the gear wheels. He immediately realizes the solution to his problem: he must clean the gear wheels.
Finally the solution is tested. Sam cleans the gear wheels and finds that afterwards his bicycle works perfectly. In short, he has solved the problem.
1. What is the best title for this passage?
A) Six Stages for Repairing Sam's Bicycle
B) Possible Ways to Problem-solving
C) Necessities of Problem Analysis
D) Suggestions for Analyzing a Problem
2. In analyzing a problem we should do all the following except .
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P18—医学 Passage 18(Doctor-assisted Suicide：Is It Ever an Option?) Should doctor-assisted suicide ever be a legal option? It involves the extreme measure of taking the life of a terminally ill patient when the patient is in extreme pain and the chances for recovery appear to be none.Those who argue against assisted suicide do so by considering the roles of the patient，the doctor，and nature in these situations. Should the patient take an active role in assisted suicide? When a patient is terminally ill and in great pain，those who oppose assisted suicide say that it should not be up to that patient to decide what his or her fate will be.There are greater powers at work that determine when a person dies，for example，nature.Neither science nor personal preference should take precedence over these larger forces. What role should the doctor have? Doctors，when taking the Hippocratic oath，swear to preserve life at all costs，and it is their ethical and legal duty to follow both the spirit and the letter of this oath.It is their responsibilities to heal the sick，and in the cases when healing is not possible，then the doctor is obliged to make the dying person comfortable.Doctors are trained never to hasten death.Those who oppose assisted suicide believe that doctors who do help terminally ill patients die are committing a crime，and they should be dealt with accordingly.Doctors are also，by virtue of their humanness，capable of making mistakes.Doctors could quite possibly say，for instance，that a cancer patient was terminal，and then the illness could later turn out not to be so serious.There is always an element of doubt concerning the future outcome of human affairs. The third perspective to consider when thinking about assisted suicide is the role of nature.Life is precious.Many people believe that it is not up to human beings to decide when to end their own or another’s life.Only nature determines when it is the right time for a person to die.To assist someone in suicide is not only to break criminal laws，but to break divine 1aws as well. These general concerns of those who oppose assisted suicide are valid in certain contexts of the assisted suicide question.For instance，patients cannot always be certain of their medical conditions.Pain clouds judgment，and so the patient should not be the sole arbiter of her or his own destiny.Patients do not usually choose the course of their medical treatment，so they shouldn’t be held completely responsible for decisions related to it.Doctors are also fallible，and it is understandable that they would not want to make the final decision about when death should occur.Since doctors are trained to prolong life，they usually do not elect to take it by prescribing assisted suicide. I believe that blindly opposing assisted suicide does no one a service.If someone is dying of
考研英语：阅读理解精选练习 在考研英语的学习中，阅读理解占到60%的分值（包括阅读理解A、B、C三部分）。其重要性不言而喻。如何提高阅读理解得分能力，将是决战考研英语成败的关键一环。而想要有效提升阅读能力，唯有在实战演练中不断磨砺、体会并归纳总结做题的经验教训，才能有所成效。下面，就跟着都教授每天学一点，每天进步一点吧！ Consumers should celebrate that; the firms’losses are their gains. But there is a catch. Comparisonsites, whether for insurance or something else, introduce a new layer of costs,including their own splashy advertising campaigns. In theory, competition in the market for comparison sites ought to keep those costs down. But in a recentpaper, David Ronayne of Warwick University argues that consumers often lose outfrom comparison sites. They earn a commission for each shopper who uses them to buy insurance. That referral cost is incorporated into the price the consumer ends up paying. If the increased costs outweigh the saving the comparison enables, consumers end up worse off. 1. Why consumers often lose out from the comparison sites? (A) The referral cost will be increasedby splashy advertising campaigns. (B) Consumers may not earn the commissionwhen buying the insurance. (C) The new layer of costs may increasethe price of insurance. (D) The insurance company may spend moreon comparison sites. 题目解析： 1. Why consumers often lose out from the comparison sites? (A) The referral cost will be increased by splashy advertising campaigns. referral cost和splashy advertising campaigns之间是没有关系的（看译文你就知道了） (B) Consumers may not earn the commission when buying the insurance. 这个干扰项就是我从文中随便找了几个词拼凑在一起的。Commission你都不知道是什么就瞎选！ (C) The new layer of costs may increase the price of insurance. Comparison sites, whether for insurance or something else, introduce a new layer of costs. 这句话看的明白吧：新的成本是会加到保险价格上的，羊毛出在羊身上啊！ 正确答案C！！！） (D) The insurance company may spend more on comparison sites. 保险公司才没有花更多呢。 定位其实两个句子都是可以的： That referral cost is incorporated into the price the consumer ends up paying. Comparison sites, whether for insurance or something else, introduce a new layer of costs.
考研英语（一）阅读技巧总结 俗话说：“前人栽树，后人乘凉”，我们做任何事不能闭门造车，备考考研英语也是同样的道理，我们要学会寻找技巧方法，吸取前人的经验教训，进而才能更好的准备我们的考研英语考试。 之前我在准备考研英语考试时，咨询过很多学长学姐，再加上我个人的一些体验，总结了如下技巧（主要是针对考研英语一阅读）一、素材来源 好多同学买到真题就立即上手做，但从未了解过，真题是来源于哪些杂志文章啊，以及它会涉及哪些方面的内容啊，我们只有了解了这些才能做到心中有数，做起题来也更有方向感，其实，考研英语阅读和完形填空的真题文章有一半以上的都来源于英国的著名杂志《经济学人》，这个老牌的英文杂志涵盖的方面比较广泛，包括经济、政治、文化、科技、历史等诸多方面的话题。 二、阅读能力提高 阅读能力的测试包括阅读速度，理解程度以及记忆能力等。要想获得满意的考研英语成绩，最根本的方法就是提高词汇量，加强阅读训练，同时熟悉一些阅读技巧和做题方法也是至关重要的，每个人都有自己做题的一套方法，也各有所取，个人比较偏向于快速浏览，选取关键词的方法，做阅读题时，我们尤其要避免以下几点：第一、不忠于原文，主观选择答案。尤其对比较熟悉的题材或有个人习惯看法的问题往往容易以自己的主观看法代替作者的观点。 第二、问题简单化，粗心以及一些不良的阅读习惯。研究生的阅读题比六级要难一些，一般情况下文章的中心思想比较隐含，不会放在每段的第一句，答案不会在文章中直接给出。 第三、做完题缺少检查。对感觉把握不大或较难的试题，尤其是概括归纳题，作者意图题等在做完后要根据全文和问题的答案，看是否有矛盾，是否符合逻辑。 以上就是个人的经验总结，希望对同学们有帮助，最后，再推
Text1 Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not ch In but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation. So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. 习惯是件有趣的事情。我们无意识间养成了一些习惯，我们的大脑是自动运 转的，轻松进入熟知套路所带来的不自觉舒适状态。“这并非选择，而是习惯控 制了那些没有思想的人”，这是威廉?华兹华斯（William Wordsworth）19世纪时 说的话。在现在这个日新月异的21世纪，甚至习惯这个词本身也带有负面涵义。 因此，在创造和革新的背景下来谈论习惯，似乎显得有点矛盾。 But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. But don’t bother trying to kil off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads. 但大脑研究人员发现，当我们有意识地培养新的习惯的时候，我们创建了平 行路径，甚至是全新的脑细胞，可以让我们的思路跳转到新的创新轨道上来。但 是，不必费心试图摈弃各种旧习惯；一旦这些程序惯例融进大脑，它们就会留在 那里。相反，我们刻意培养的新习惯会创建平行路径能避开原来那些老路。 “The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says D Markova, author of “The Open Mind” and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as decide is to kill off president calls himself ‘the Decider.’” She adds, however, that “to all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.” 大学英语
考研英语阅读理解精读100篇之经济类
考研英语阅读理解精读100篇之经济类 unit1 unit1 Some of the concerns surrounding Turkey’s application to join the European Union, to be voted on by the EU’s Council of Ministers on December 17th, are economic-in particular, the country’s relative poverty. Its GDP per head is less than a third of the average for the 15 pre-2004 members of the EU. But it is not far off that of one of the ten new members which joined on May 1st 2004 (Latvia), and it is much the same as those of two countries, Bulgaria and Romania, which this week concluded accession talks with the EU that could make them full members on January 1st 2007. Furthermore, the country’s recent economic progress has been, according to Donald Johnston, the secretary-general of the OECD, "stunning". GDP in the second quarter of the year was 13.4% higher than a year earlier, a rate of growth that no EU country comes close to matching. Turkey’s inflation rate has just fallen into single figures for the first time since 1972, and this week the country reached agreement with the IMF on a new three-year, $10 billion economic programme that will, according to the IMF’s managing director, Rodrigo Rato, "help Turkey... reduce inflation toward European levels, and enhance the economy’s resilience". Resilienc e has not historically been the country’s economic strong point. As recently as 2001, GDP fell by over 7%. It fell by more than 5% in 1994, and by
考研英语阅读精选-为什么数学难学
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２017考研英语阅读精选为什么数学难学? 考研英语阅读真题中的文章，多摘自英美主流外刊，有时候你认识所有单词、搞清全部语法还不够，还需要了解英美文化，掌握他们的表达方式，这就是阅读的潜台词。有时候是一些俗语和俚语,有时候是固定搭配，有时候需要借助历史、风俗、文化才能理解某种现象或表达。总之,这些地道的英语文章背后都有潜台词，一般人不容易读出,但往往是理解文章的关键。 WhｙIs It So Ｈard ｔｏLｅａｒn Maｔh？ 为什么数学就这么难学？ 导读：学语言真的很难。老实讲,它比学数学要复杂得多,也困难得多。不过,几乎所有的小孩子都能够学习并且熟练掌握一门语言。 Ｌaｎguａge iｓhａrd. In fact, iｔ’s iｎfinｉtely hａrdeｒa ｎd moｒe coｍpliｃａteｄｔhaｎmath. And yｅt，ｎｅａrly ｅｖery smalｌcｈiｌd caｎｌeａrn anｄmａｓter langｕａgｅ. 学语言真的很难。老实讲，它比学数学要复杂得多，也困难得多。不过，几乎所有的小孩子都能够学习并且熟练掌握一门语言。 Why is ｍａｔh so oｖerｗhelmiｎｇfor ｓo mａny studｅｎｔs？Ａnd ｈｏw ｈiｇh ｉｓthe pｒｉce ｗｅpay frｏm haｖinｇｓｏmany ｍatｈ-ｔerrified or even mａth－illiteｒａｔｅpeoｐle in ouｒsociｅty？Tｏo high, esｐeciallｙas the ａｂｉlｉty ｔo
考研英语阅读经验 h t p:/w w.C n K y.N e t 2006-5-31 考研英语的重点就是要大量的阅读。现在考研英语对阅读的考查越来越多，这也需要我们进一步的提高阅读能力。虽然考研的阅读理解有一定的规律可循，但是这些规律也在逐年的淡化。这几年反技巧的出题趋势越来越明显，考试越来越重视考生的真正阅读分析能力。所以，我们一定要提前打好基础，在整个一年的复习中，每天除了做专门的阅读理解练习外，还要阅读一定量的英语报刊。据了解，考研的阅读理解很多都是摘自国外的一些著名的报纸，如美国的New York Times（纽约时报），英国的Times （泰晤士报）等等。如果能找来的话，这些都是很好的阅读材料。06年最新的4篇文章就来自于传统的核心刊物：Economist，Time，以及Newsweek，这个进一步说明考研英语文章选材来源的固定化，进而给参加2007年考研的同学也提供了一个非常好的平时选读文章的方向。在这里必须要强调一点的就是，2006年阅读理解的最后一篇文章在“英语文摘”第7期上不但已经发表，而且还附之以中文翻译。这个就告诉我们的广大考生，在我们选读国外经典杂志时也不应该忽略犹如“英语文摘”、“英语世界”等等核心的国内英语刊物。希望参加2007年的考生予以重视。而且，考研英语的阅读量越来越大，里面不但有很多考察全文的主旨题，还有很多的细节题和作者态度题，这些内容的提炼都要我们在平时的阅读中渐渐地培养，而不是靠考前一两个月就可以一蹴而就的。 与此同时，备战考试的同学还要刻意训练自己快速阅读的能力，由上下文推理的能力以及中英文翻译能力，这对于解答新题型以及翻译题都有很大的帮助。 英语语言教育包括听、说、读、写、译，但是对大多数考研的学生来说，学英语将来主要的目的是看懂国外本专业领域的英语著作，了解本专业最新发展状况。因而，在国内外各类英语考试中，阅读能力的考核越来越受到重视，难度也逐年升高，在雅思、托福测试中也是如此。所以新大纲加强阅读的考核也是顺应时代要求。阅读理解是硕士研究生入学英语考试的重中之重，这一部分要能获得高分，考生便能在考试中处于有利地位。 阅读理解部分，考生们常常碰到的困难是：理解准确率和阅读速度矛盾，往往是提高了阅读速度，理解准确率就下降，而一味要准确率时，阅读速度就恨慢。要想加快阅读速度，首先要养成正确、良好的阅读习惯。应克服如下4种不良习惯：
精心整理2011年考研英语(一)阅读真题全文翻译及答案（七绝俗手版） 2011-01-16 21-25CBDBA Text1 ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthet alkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Fort
hemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.“Hooray!Atlast!”wroteAnthonyTo mmasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic。 2009年纽约交响乐团突然宣布聘用艾伦·吉尔伯特为下一位乐曲指挥，从那时起一直到现在，这次任命都成为古典音乐界的话题。退一步说，从总体上看，反应还是不错的。如冷静的古典音乐评论家安东尼·托姆西尼就这样写：从长时间来看，这次委命是英明的。 ,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes。 就我的观点而言，我不知道吉尔伯特是不是一位伟大的指挥家，甚至连他是不是算好的指挥家也不敢确定。可以确信的是，虽然他演出了很多令人印象深刻的有趣的乐曲。然而，我不需要访问AveryFisherHall（可能是纽约交响乐团所在地，即吉尔伯特表演之所），或者其他地方才能听到有趣的管弦乐。（作者意思是，不需要听吉尔伯特，到处可以听到有趣的管弦乐。）我所做的，只需要到我的CD棚里去，随便打开我的电脑，从ITUNES上就可下载比那（当指吉尔伯特表演的）多得多的类似的音乐。
TEXT 2 He emerged, all of a sudden, in 1957: the most explosive new poetic talent of the English post-war era. Poetry specialised, at that moment, in the wry chronicling of the everyday. The poetry of Yorkshire-born Ted Hughes, first published in a book called “The Hawk in the Rain” when he was 27, was unlike anything written by his immediate predecessors. Driven by an almost Jacobean rhetoric, it had a visionary fervour. Its most eye-catching characteristic was Hughes's ability to get beneath the skins of animals: foxes, otters, pigs. These animals were the real thing all right, but they were also armorial devices—symbols of the countryside and lifeblood of the earth in which they were rooted. It gave his work a raw, primal stink. It was not only England that thought so either. Hughes's book was also published in America, where it won the Galbraith prize, a major literary award. But then, in 1963, Sylvia Plath, a young American poet whom he had first met at Cambridge University in 1956, and who became his wife in the summer of that year, committed suicide. Hughes was vilified for long after that, especially by feminists in America. In 1998, the year he died, Hughes broke his own self-imposed public silence about their relationship in a book of loose-weave poe ms called “Birthday Letters”.In this new and exhilarating collection of real letters, Hughes returns to the issue of his first wife's death, which he calls his “big and unmanageable event”. He felt his talent muffled by the perpetual eavesdropping upon his every move. Not until he decided to publish his own account of their relationship did the burden begin to lighten. The analysis is raw, pained and ruthlessly self-aware. For all the moral torment, the writing itself has the same rush and vigour that possessed Hughes's early poetry.
那些有纪念意义的考研英语真题之一 The Evolution of Credibility in Doing Science（科学发展可信性的改变） ---2012.Text 3 In The idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work. But in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route. We aim to be objective, but we cannot escape the context of our unique life experience. Prior knowledge and interests influence what we experience, what we think our experiences mean, and the subsequent actions we take. Opportunities for misinterpretation, error, and self-deception abound. Consequently, discovery claims should be thought of as protoscience. Similar to newly staked mining claims, they are full of potential. But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery. This is the credibility process, through which the individual research’s me, here, now become the community’s anyone, anywhere, anytime. Objective knowledge is the goal, not the starting point. Once a discovery claim becomes public, the discovery receives intellectual credit. But, unlike with mining claims, the community takes control of what happens next. With the complex social structure of the
考研英语阅读做题经验 和方法 IMB standardization office【IMB 5AB- IMBK 08- IMB 2C】
考研英语真题经验和方法 阅读理解的文章大多为说明文或者议论文。针对这两类文章，考生应该有不同的阅读重点和策略。对于说明文来说，最重要的是抓住文章的说明对象、事实和数据；对于议论文来说，最重要的是总结作者的观点和结论、抓住作者的态度，以及作者的观点和态度与其他人的观点和态度之间的关系等等。 13个重点考点和四大命题原则。考生应该熟记这些重点考点，并在平时的练习中训练自己对这些考点的敏感程度，做到使自己的神经能够一找到这些考点就会条件反射般地兴奋起来，从而增强对重点的记忆和理解。下面首先将一一介绍阅读理解文章的敏感考点。 1、首段和尾段 一篇文章的主题句、或者说是中心思想往往出现在文章的首段或者尾段。大家在阅读了一定数量的文章之后就能够发现，许多文章开门见山地在文章第一段中就提出了要说明的对象或者要论证的观点，这些中心思想句的位置一般都是文章第一句话或者第一段的最后一两句话。 此外，文章的最后一段一般都会对全文的说明和论证进行总结，这些句子往往位于最后一段的第一句话或最后一句话。通过一些标志性词汇或者短语，我们可以更快地找到这些总结性句子，如： allinall,inshort,toconclude,inconsequence,insummary,inaword,asaresult,the refore,accordingly,thus等。 主题句考查了考生是否能够把握文章大意的能力，因此是常考且几乎是必考的一个考点。 2、段首和段尾 无论是说明文还是议论文，一篇文章往往会分成几个部分或层次进行说明和论证，每一个段落一般都是一个部分或者层次。英美人写文章的逻辑性非常强，文章结构都非常规范，因此每个段落的首句和尾句也经常是该段落的中心思想句，因此也是出题的重点区域，涉及的问题包括了中心思想题、推理判断题和细节题等。下文也将会提到，在进行快速阅读的时候，考生只需要浏览文章每一段的第一句话就大致能够判断这篇文章的中心思想和主旨。 3、长难句 上文提到了长难句是阅读理解的主要难度所在，其中包含了同位语、插入语、定语、不定式、分词、各种从句等，使得句子长达好几行。因此这些复杂的句型也往往成为了试题的重点所在。考生应该加强训练自己对付长难句的能力，平时练习中有意识地去分解这些句子，理解其中的指代关系和句子层次。 4、列举处 所谓的列举是指通过一些表示顺承关系的词语逐项列出一些事实或者观点，标志性的词汇包括First,Second,Third…;Firstly,Secondly,Thirdly… Finally;Firstofall,Then,Inaddition,Further,Furthermore,Besides,Moreover…针对这一考点的题目通常考查文章细节，有时候也涉及对文章内容的推理判断。这种题目没有固定的提问方式，不过通常会有两种题型：第一种是从四个答案选项中选择正确的一项，错误选项的意思往往与文章的意思相反或因果关系颠倒；第二中
考研英语：阅读理解之八大考点 考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料（生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%），还应能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献资料、技术说明和产品介绍等。对所读材料，考生应能： 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4篇（总长度约为1600词）文章的内容，从每题所给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案，共20小题，每小题2分，共40分 一、
1.提问方式： 1)直接提问(Main idea型) ?The text intends to express the idea that. . . ?We can draw a conclusion from the text that. . . ?What is the passage mainly about? ?The passage is mainly. ?From the passage we learn that. . . ?The passage is mainly about. . . ?he key point of the passage is that. . . ?This passage mainly deals with. . . ?The main point the author makes in the passage is. ?What does this passage mainly discuss? ?The general/ main/ central idea of the passage is. ?The passage is primarily concerned with. . . 2)给文章定标题 The best title for the text may be. . . Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?' A best title for the passage could be. A best title for the passage might be. This passage can be entitled. . . 3)提问写作目的( Purpose型) ?The article is written to explain. ?The purpose of the passage is. ?This passage is intended to… 2.解题技巧： 1) ①.重点读文章的首段开头部分，如果文章中有这样的主旨句， 那么再看四个选择项，如其中一项所含的信息同主旨句中的信息相似，该项即为正确答案 ②.重点读各段的开头和结尾，四个选项中能涵盖文章各段内容的一项， 就是正确答案
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P18—工学 类 Passage 18 Tennis hopeful Jamie Hunt, 16, felt he could not become a world-class junior player while attending a regular school. The international circuit has players on the road 50% of the time--and it's hard to focus on your backhand when you're worrying about being on time for homeroom. So last year Hunt, who hones his ground strokes at Elite TNT Tennis Academy in April Sound, Texas, enrolled for academics in the $9,750-a-year University of Miami Online High School (UMOHS), a virtual school that caters to athletes. "The online school gives me the flexibility I need," says Hunt. "The workload is the same, but I can do it anywhere. It's nicer to ask a question face-to-face with a teacher, but in some ways it prepares me better for college because I have to be more independent." A year ago, Hunt's world junior ranking was 886; now it's 108. Virtual high schools, which allow students to take classes via PC, have emerged as an increasingly popular education alternative, particularly for on-the-go athletes. UMOHS has more than 400 students enrolled, 65% of whom are athletes. Accredited by the 100-year-old Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, UMOHS offers honors and advanced-placement classes. All course material is online, along with assignments and due dates. For help, says principal Howard Liebman, "a student may e-mail, instant message or call the teacher." Dallas mom Lori Bannon turned to another online school, Laurel Springs in Ojai, Calif. Bannon, who has a medical degree from Harvard, didn't want to compromise the education of her daughter Lindsay, 13, an élite gymnast who spends eight hours a day in the gym. "Regular school was not an option," says Bannon, "but I wanted to make sure she could go back at grade level if she quit gymnastics." Laurel Springs' enrollment has increased 35% a year for the past four years, to 1,800 students. At least 25% are either athletes or child entertainers. Educators are split on the merits of such schools. Paul Orehovec, an enrollment officer for the University of Miami, admits, "I was somewhat of a skeptic. But when I looked into their programs and accreditation, I was excited. UMOHS is the first online school to be granted membership in the National Honor Society." Kevin Roy, Elite's director of education, sees pitfalls and potential in virtual schools. "You will never have that wonderful teacher who inspires you for life," says Roy. "But the virtual school offers endless possibilities. I don't know where education's imagination will take this." 注(1)：本文选自Time;11/29/2004, p149-149, 1/2p, 1c; 注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2004年真题text 4第1、2题(1、2)，text 1 第2 题(3)，text 3第5 题(5)和2000年真题text 4第4题(4); 1. What does Jamie Hunt get from the virtual school? [A] the ability to perfect his tennis skills [B] the time to do his school work