《劳动经济学》教学大纲
课程编号：150022B
课程类型：专业选修课
总学时：32 讲课学时：32 实验（上机）学时：
学分：2
适用对象：经济学、管理学等
先修课程：初级微观经济学、初级宏观经济学、中级微观经济学、中级宏观经济学、计量经济学、统计学
一、课程的教学目标
完成本课程后，学生将能够读懂有关劳动力市场问题的文章，并对劳动力市场如何运作有一个全面了解。学生也将获得和运用经济学工具来解释和讨论与劳动力市场相关的政策问题。
二、教学基本要求
本课程是劳动经济学的初级课程，着重点在于如何运用应用微观经济学的理论和实证分析来学习劳动经济学。劳动经济学主要研究企业和个人行为和市场中的相互作用下各种结果。我们从企业层面、个人层面和市场层面来分析影响就业和失业的因素。我们还将研究国际上和国家具体的制度规则在个人和公司的劳动决策中发挥的作用。
授课老师的作用应该是为学生提供指导，资源和支持。本课程的主要教学方法是课堂授课。学生应该在来上课前完成指定的资料阅读；来上课的学生要积极参与课堂讨论和思考回答老师的提问、按时完成作业、和参加考试。
课程评估标准如下：
课堂参与（出席，课堂讨论，问答）（15%）
课堂演示（15%）
作业（10%）
期末考试（60%）
三、各教学环节学时分配（黑体，小四号字）
教学课时分配
四、教学内容
第一章劳动力市场经济学导论
第一节个人、企业和政府的决定
第二节劳动市场经济
第三节劳动力市场结果的初步探索
第四节供应和需求模型：劳动经济学的主力
1、竞争性劳动力市场的工资和就业
第五节当前的政策问题
第六节劳动力市场与其他市场的相似性与差异性
1 各种表演者的目标
2 社会学、制度和立法限制
3 市场不完善
4 复杂的价格，服务于多种功能
第七节另类视角
关键点和难点：劳动力市场与其他市场的供求模式和相似性与差异性
评价：应用供需模型，了解模型背后的运动机理。
第二章劳动力供给：个人对劳动力市场的依附
第一节劳动供给理论
1 扩展和应用
2 劳动供给理论
3 量化劳动力市场依附
4 小时
5 基本收入休闲模式
6 比较静态
7 派生劳动供给曲线
8 经验证据
第二节扩展和应用
1 增加和劝阻工人的效果
2 隐性失业
3 兼职，加班，和灵活的工作时间
关键点与难点：劳动供给理论与基本收入休闲模式
评价：论证了对劳动供给理论的认识，并将所得的休闲模式应用于现实世界市场现象。
第三章劳动供给与公共政策：工作激励效应的替代
第一节收入维持计划
1 理论上的静态部分平衡效应
2 地域人口补助
3 福利
4 负所得税
5 工资补贴和所得税抵免
6 就业保险
7 残疾支助和工人赔偿
8 儿童保健补贴
第二节激励效应的说明性证据
1非实验的证据。
2 实验证据
3 自给自足的项目
关键点和难点：激励效应和静态部分平衡效应
评价：从不同的公共政策对劳动力供给的激励效应进行解释和分析。
第四章竞争性劳动力市场中劳动力的需求
第一节产品和劳动力市场结构的分类
第二节短期内对劳动力的需求
第三节工资，劳动的边际生产率，产品市场的竞争
第四节长期的劳动力需求
1 等产量线，isocosts，成本最小化
2 得出公司的劳动需求表
3、分离工资变动的规模和替代效应
第五节短期和长期的劳动力需求之间的关系
第六节成本最小化下的劳动力需求
第七节劳动力需求弹性
1可用性替代输入
2替代品供给弹性
3 产出需求弹性
4 劳动力成本在总成本中的份额
5 经验证据
第八节需求状况的变化，全球化和外包
1 贸易对一个单一的劳动力市场的影响
2 跨部门贸易影响
3 证据
4 其他需求方面的因素
重点和难点：关系之间的短期和长期运行的劳动力需求，劳动力的需求弹性。评价：了解短期和长期的劳动力需求和劳动力需求弹性，并能够将知识应用到现实世界市场需求问题。
第五章单一劳动力市场的工资和就业
第一节竞争性企业与市场的互动
第二节产品市场的不完全竞争
1 垄断
2 垄断竞争和寡头垄断
3 产品市场结构和市场工资的偏离
第三节与供需合作
1 线性供求函数
2 应用：一个单位工资税的发生率
第四节在劳动力市场买方垄断
1简单的买方垄断。
2影响买方垄断。
3。特色monopsonists
4完美的买方垄断工资的分化。
第五节垄断证据
第六节最低工资立法
1预期影响：竞争性劳动力市场
2 预期的影响：在劳动力市场买方垄断
3 预期影响：其他可能的抵消因素
4 实际影响实证
关键点和难点：劳动力市场的不完善竞争和最低工资立法
评价：了解劳动力市场不完善的竞争，使最低工资立法与不完全竞争之间的联系。
第六章补偿工资差异
第一节工资和工资结构的目的
第二节补偿工资理论
1 单公司等利润表
2 不同的公司有不同的安全技术
3 单个人的偏好
4 不同个体的风险偏好
5 单一企业、单一个体的均衡
6 与许多公司和个人的平衡
第三节安全调节效应
1 完全竞争的市场
2 不完善的信息
3 管制的理由
4 安全监管：行为经济学的观点
第四节工资补偿的实证研究
第五节政策的影响
关键点和难点：风险偏好和补偿工资
评价：了解补偿工资理论，并将其应用于实证分析。
第七章人力资本理论：教育与培训的应用
第一节人力资本理论
第二节私人投资教育
第三节教育作为一种过滤器
第四节实证证据
1 教育和收入
第五节人力资本收益函数
1信号，筛选和能力
2 解决能力偏差
3 增加教育和不平等的收益
4 社会回报教育
第六节训练
1 谁付钱？
2 政府的适当作用
3 政府培训项目评估
关键点与难点：人力资本收益函数
评价：掌握人力资本收益函数，了解教育培训的应用。
第八章移民经济学
第一节政策环境
第二节移民对劳动力市场的影响
第三节经济同化
第四节移民结果与公共政策
第五节移民对来源国的影响
1 人才流失
关键点和难点：移民的结果和公共政策
评价：从移民对经济的影响。
第九章歧视与男女收入差距
第一节歧视：原因和来源
1 歧视的理由
2 歧视的来源
第二节劳动力市场歧视理论
1 需求理论的歧视
2 供应理论的歧视
3 歧视非竞争性的理论。
4 生产力差异：选择还是歧视？
5 女权主义观点
第三节关于男性女性收入差距的证据
1测量歧视
2 男性女性差异的实证结果
3 其他群体的实证结果
第四节打击性别歧视政策
1 传统的平等工资立法
2 平等的价值，支付的权益，或类似的价值立法
3 平等价值立法的存在
4 同等价值程序
5 经济与行政理念的价值
6 平等价值活动的基本原理
7 平等价值活动范围
8 具有可比性的价值
9 薪酬公平的例子
11平等就业机会立法
12 积极行动或就业平等
13 促进女性就业的政策
14 改变偏好和态度
第五节政策的影响
1 传统的平等薪酬政策
2 肯定行动
3 可比的价值和报酬的公平
4 可比价值的就业效应
关键点和难点：歧视和收入差距
评价：了解不同类型的歧视及其政策含义。
第十章工会影响工资和非工资性的结果
第一节工会工资的影响
1 理论背景和概念问题
2 工会工资影响测量中的若干问题
第二节工会工资影响的实证研究
1 早期研究
2 造型结合的发生率及影响
3 纵向研究
4 美国平均影响的总结
第三节工会工资变动的影响
第四节工会工资影响：总结
第五节工会，工资差异，收入分配
第六节。联盟对资源配置和经济福利的影响第七节。工会对非实质性结果的影响
1 工会和福利
2 工会对就业的影响
3 工会对工作条件的影响
4 工会对离职倾向和流动性的影响
5 工会对生产力、盈利能力和投资的影响
关键点和难点：联盟，营业额和流动性
评价：示范知识和理解对工资和非工资结果的影响
第十一章失业：含义和测量
第一节测量失业
1 劳动力调查
2 就业保险索赔人
3 隐性失业、边际劳动力的依附
第二节劳动力动态
1 失业的发生率和持续时间
2 改变失业的观点
3 失业率的差异
关键点和难点：劳动力调查和失业率和持续时间
评估：了解如何衡量失业和失业问题。
五、其它
授课老师应根据学生的能力适当调节课程进度和内容
六、主要参考书
*Benjamin, D., M. Gunderson, T. Lemieux, and W.C. Riddell, “Labour Market Economics” (7th Edition), Toronto: McGrawHill Ryerson, 2012. Available at the Dana Porter library
*Borjas, G., “Labor Economics”, Irwin McGraw Hill.
Labor Economics
Course Outline
Course Code: 150022B
Course Type: Electives
Periods: 32L ecture: 32Experiment (Computer): 0
Credits: 2
Applicable Subjects: Economics, Management
Prerequistites:Include introductory-to –intermediate microeconomics and a course in
statistics or
Econometrics
Course Objectives
Upon completion of this course the students will be able to critically read public documents dealing with labor market issues and establish a comprehensive understanding of the labor market operation. The students will gain & apply the economic tools to explain and discuss the policy issues.
Course Requirements
This course is an introduction to labor economics with an emphasis on applied microeconomic theory and empirical analysis. Labor economics focus on the studies on the behavior of firms and individuals and the various outcomes of their interactions within markets. We will analyze firm-level, individual-level and market-level factors affecting employment and unemployment. We will also study the role of international forces and country-specific institutional rules governing labor decisions on the part of individuals and firms.
The instructor’s role is to provide guidance, resources, and support. Lecturing is the main teaching approach in this course, but students are responsible for engaging actively in the process. To do well in this course students need to complete the assigned readings before coming to class, come to and participate in class, and do homework and come to exams.
The course assessment is based on the following:
Class Participation (Attendance, Discussion, Q&A) (15%)
Class Presentation(15%)
Assignment(10%)
Final Examination(60%)
Course Planning
教学课时分配(Class Schedule)
Course Outline
Chapter 1 Introduction to Labor Market Economics
Section 1. Decisions by Individuals, Firms, and Governments
Section 2. Subject Matter of Labor Market Economics
Section 3. Preliminary Explorations of Labor Market Outcomes
Section 4. The Supply and Demand Model: Workhorse of Labor Economics
1.Wages and Employment in a Competitive Labor Market
Section 5. Current Policy Issues
Section 6. Similarities and Differences between the Labor Market and Other Markets
1.Various Actors with a Variety of Goals
2.Sociological, Institutional, and Legislative Constraints
3.Market Imperfections
https://www.doczj.com/doc/eb11813681.html,plex Price, Serving a Variety of Functions
Section 7. Alternative Perspectives
Key points and Difficulties: the supply and demand model and similarities and differences between the labor market and other markets
Evaluation: apply the supply and demand model and understand the mechanism of movements
behind the model.
Chapter 2 Labor Supply: Individual Attachment to the Labor Market
Section One: The Theory of Labor Supply
1.Extensions and Applications
2.The Theory of Labor Supply
3.Quantifying Labor Market Attachment
4.Hours
5.Basic Income-Leisure Model
https://www.doczj.com/doc/eb11813681.html,parative Statics
7.Deriving the Individual Supply Curve of Labor
8.Empirical Evidence
Section Two: Extensions and Applications
1.Added and Discouraged Worker Effects
2.Hidden Unemployment
3.Moonlighting, Overtime, and Flexible Working Hours
Key points and Difficulties: the theory of labor supply and basic income-leisure model Evaluation: demonstrate the understanding on the theory of labor supply and apply the income-leisure model to the real world market phenomenon.
Chapter 3 Labor Supply and Public Policy: Work Incentive Effects of Alternative
Section 1. Income Maintenance Schemes
1.Static Partial Equilibrium Effects in Theory
2.Demogrant
3.Welfare
4.Negative Income Tax
5.Wage Subsidy and Earned Income Tax Credit
6.Employment Insurance
7.Disabi lity Payments and Workers’ Compensation
8.Child-Care Subsidy
Section 2. Illustrative Evidence of Incentive Effects
1.Nonexperimental Evidence
2.Experimental Evidence
3.The Self-Sufficiency Project
Key points and Difficulties: incentive effects and static partial equilibrium effects in theory Evaluation: explain and analyze the incentive effects from different public policy on labor supply.
Chapter 4 Demand for Labor in Competitive Labor Markets
Section 1. Categorizing the Structure of Product and Labor Markets
Section 2. Demand for Labor in the Short Run
Section 3. Wages, the Marginal Productivity of Labor, and Competition in the Product Market Section 4. Demand for Labor in the Long Run
1.Isoquants, Isocosts, and Cost Minimization
2.Deriving the Firm’s Labor Demand Schedule
3.Separating Scale and Substitution Effects of a Wage Change
Section 5. The Relationship between the Short- and Long-Run Labor Demand
Section 6. Labor Demand under Cost Minimization
Section 7. Elasticity of Demand for Labor
1.Availability of Substitute Inputs
2.Elasticity of Supply of Substitute Inputs
3.Elasticity of Demand for Output
4.Share of Labors Cost in Total Costs
5.Empirical Evidence
Section 8. Changing Demand Conditions, Globalization, and Outsourcing
1.The Impact of Trade on a Single Labor Market
2.Cross-Sectoral Impact of Trade
3.Evidence
4.Other Demand-Side Factors
Keypoints and difficulties: the relationship between the short-and long-run labor damand, elasticity of demand for labor.
Evaluation: understand the short-run and long-run labor demand and elasticity of demand of labor and to be able to apply the knowledge to the real world market demand issues.
Chapter 5 Wages and Employment in a Single Labor Market
Section 1. The Competitive Firm’s Interaction with the Market
Section 2. Imperfect Competition in the Product Market
1.Monopoly
2.Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly
3.Product Market Structure and Departures from Market Wages
Section 3. Working with Supply and Demand
1.Linear Supply and Demand Functions
2.Application: Incidence of a Unit Payroll Tax
Section 4. Monopsony in the Labor Market
1.Simple Monopsony
2.Implications of Monopsony
3.Characteristics of Monopsonists
4.Perfect Monopsonistic Wage Differentiation
Section 5. Evidence of Monopsony
Section 6. Minimum-Wage Legislation
1.Expected Impact: Competitive Labor Market
2.Expected Impact: Monopsony in the Labor Market
3.Expected Impact: Other Possible Offsetting Factors
4.Empirical Evidence on Actual Impact
Key points and difficulties: imperfect competition in the labor market and minimum-wage legislation
Evaluation: understand the imperfect competition in the labor market and make the connection between minimum-wage legislation to the imperfect competition.
Chapter 6 Compensating Wage Differentials
Section 1. Purposes of Wages and Wage Structures
Section 2. Theory of Compensating Wages
1.Single Firm’s Isoprofit Schedule
2.Different Firms with Different Safety Technologies
3.Single Individual’s Preferences
4.Different Individuals with Different Risk Preferences
5.Equilibrium with Single Firm, Single Individual
6.Equilibrium with Many Firms and Individuals
Section 3. Effect of Safety Regulation
1.Perfectly Competitive Markets
2.Imperfect Information
3.Rationale for Regulation
4.Safety Regulation: The Behavioral Economics View
Section 4. Empirical Evidence on Compensating Wages
Section 5. Policy Implications
Key points and difficulties: risk preferences and compensating wages
Evaluation: understand the theory of compensating wages and to be able to apply it the empirical analysis.
Chapter 7 Human Capital Theory: Applications to Education and Training Section 1. Human Capital Theory
Section 2. Private Investment in Education
Section 3. Education as a Filter
Section 4. Empirical Evidence
https://www.doczj.com/doc/eb11813681.html,cation and Earnings
Section 5. The Human Capital Earnings Function
1.Signaling, Screening, and Ability
2.Addressing Ability Bias
3.Increased Returns to Education and Inequality
4.Social Returns to Education
Section 6. Training
1.Who Pays?
2.Appropriate Role of Government
3.Evaluation of Government Training Programs
Key points and difficulties: human capital earnings function
Evaluation: master human capital earning function and understand the application to education and training.
Chapter 8 The Economics of Immigration
Section 1. The Policy Environment
Section 2. The Impact of Immigrants on the Labor Market
Section 3. Economic Assimilation
Section 4. Immigrant Outcomes and Public Policy
Section 5. The Impact of Immigration on Source Countries
1.The Brain Drain
Key points and difficulties: immigrant outcomes and public policy
Evalution: understand the economic impact from immigration.
Chapter 9 Discrimination and Male-Female Earnings Differentials
Section 1. Discrimination: Reasons and Sources
1.Reasons for Discrimination
2.Sources of Discrimination
Section 2. Theories of Labor Market Discrimination
1.Demand Theories of Discrimination
2.Supply Theories of Discrimination
3.Noncompetitive Theories of Discrimination
4.Productivity Differences: Choice or Discrimination?
5.Feminist Perspectives
Section 3. Evidence on Male-Female Earnings Differentials
1.Measuring Discrimination
2.Empirical Results on Male-Female Differentials
3.Empirical Results for Other Groups
Section 4. Policies to Combat Sex Discrimination
1.Conventional Equal Pay Legislation
2.Equal Value, Pay Equity, or Comparable Worth Legislation
3.Existence of Equal Value Legislation
4.Equal Value Procedures
5.Economic versus Administrative Concepts of Value
6.Rationale for Equal Value Initiatives
7.Scope of Equal Value Initiatives
8.Design Features of Comparable Worth
9.Pay Equity Example
10.Equal Employment Opportunity Legislation
11.Affirmative Action or Employment Equity
12.Policies to Facilitate Female Employment
13.Alter Preferences and Attitudes
Section 5. Impact of Policy Initiatives
1.Conventional Equal Pay Policies
2.Affirmative Action
https://www.doczj.com/doc/eb11813681.html,parable Worth and Pay Equity
4.Employment Effects of Comparable Worth
Key points and difficulties: discrimination and earning differentials
Evaluation: understand different kinds of discrimination and their policy implication.
Chapter 10 Union Impact on Wage and Nonwage Outcomes
Section 1. Union Wage Impact
1.Theoretical Background and Conceptual Problems
2.Some Problems in Measuring the Union Wage Impact
Section 2. Empirical Evidence on Union Wage Impact
1.Early Studies
2.Modelling Union Incidence and Impact
3.Longitudinal Studies
4.Summary of Average Impact in United States
Section 3. Variation in the Union Wage Impact
Section 4. Union Wage Impact: Summary
Section 5. Unions, Wage Dispersion, and the Distribution of Income
Section 6. Union Impact on Resource Allocation and Economic Welfare
Section 7. Union Impact on Nonwage Outcomes
1.Unions and Fringe Benefits
2.Union Impact on Employment
3.Union Impact on Working Conditions
4.Union Impact on Turnover and Mobility
5.Union Impact on Productivity, Profitability, and Investment
Key points and difficulties: union, turnover and mobility
Evaluation: demonstrate knowledge and understand critically union impact on wage and non-wage outcome
Chapter 11 Unemployment: Meaning and Measurement
Section 1. Measuring Unemployment
https://www.doczj.com/doc/eb11813681.html,bor Force Survey
2.Employment Insurance Claimants
3.Hidden Unemployment/Marginal Labor Force Attachment
Section 2. Labor Force Dynamics
1.Incidence and Duration of Unemployment
2.Changing Perspectives on Unemployment
3.The Divergence of Unemployment Rates
Key points and difficulties: labor force survey and incidence and duration of unemployment Evaluation: understand how to measure unemployment and the issues with unemployment.
Other Notes
Instructor should adjust the course schedule and content according to the capability of students.
Course Material
*Benjamin, D., M. Gunderson, T. Lemieux, and W.C. Riddell, “Labour Market Economics” (7th Edition), Toronto: McGrawHill Ryerson, 2012. Available at the Dana Porter library
*Borjas, G., “Labor Economics”, Irwin McGraw Hill.