2010届高三英语一轮复习必备精品
Module4 unit1 Women of achievement
高考解读
【高考导航】
2010高考命题趋向分析：
1.refer to为新课标重点短语。意思：（1）参考（2）提及，谈到。（3）指的是（4）查阅对其意思的考查需通过具体语境正确分析句子结构体现出来。其中在2005年浙江卷考查了它的第一层意思，2010年学生应重视其他几层意思，特别是第二层
2.observe意思为(1)遵守，遵循。(2)观察，观测（3）注意到08年湖北卷考查了它的第一层意思，2010年学生应注意observe sb do/doing 这一用法
3.carry on 主要考查它的意思，继续，继续进行，08年天津卷考查过这层意思，2010年学生应注意它的意思以及与carry out的区别
4.only 放于句首，要求其后的主句进行部分倒装，除only修饰主语外。06年陕西卷08年重庆卷都对它进行考查，2010年学生除注意倒装之外，还应应注意特殊情况即不到装的情况
【真题品析】
1.(2005.浙江卷)The president spoke at the meeting for nearly an hour without _______ his notes.
A. bringing up
B. referring to
C. looking for
D. trying on
【答案】B 考查动词短语意思辨析。bring up抚养refer to参考；look for寻找
【点拨】按照句意找对应意思的短语
2.（2008 湖北卷）Though having lived abroad for years, many Chinese still ______ the traditional customs.
A. perform
B. possess
C. observe
D. support
【答案】C 考查动词辨析。perform 表演；possess拥有；observe遵守，遵循；support 支持【点拨】按照句意排除动词
3.（2008 天津卷）The meal over, the managers went back to the meeting room to ________ their discussion.
A. put away
B. take down
C. look over
D. carry on
【答案】D考查动词短语意思辨析。Put away 收起来放好，take down 拿下look over检查carry on 继续
【点拨】按照句意排除动词短语
4.(08重庆卷. ) Only when I left my parents for Italy_____________ how much I loved them.
A.I realized
B. I had realized
C. had I realized
D. did I realize
【答案】D 考查倒装
【点拨】掌握only 放于句首，要求其后的主句进行部分倒装
5.（06 陕西）Only then __________ how much damage had been damaged.
A. she realized
B. she I had realized
C. had she realized
D. did she realize
【答案】D考查倒装
【点拨】掌握only 放于句首，要求其后的主句进行部分倒装
知识网络
【考点概览】
1.重点单词
（1）achievement n 成就,功绩vt achieve
（2）project n. 工程，项目，规划
（3）connection n 联系，关系
（4）behave vt. 举止，表现n behaviour
（5）shade n 阴凉处，荫
（6）worthwhile adj 值得的，值得做的
（7）observe vt 观察，观测，遵守
（8）outspoken adj 直言的，坦诚的
（9）respect vt 尊重，尊敬
(10) inspire vt. 鼓舞，激励
(11) audience n. 观众，听众
(12) intend vt 计划，打算
(13) emergency n. 突发事件，紧急情况
(14) considerate adj. 考虑周到的
(15) deliver vt 递送，生（小孩）接生，发表（演说）
2、重点短语
（1）lead a …life 过着…… 的生活
（2）refer to 谈到，查阅，参考
（3）look down upon/on 轻视，看不起
（4）by chance (偶然)遇见，碰见
（5）carry on 继续，坚持
（6）move off 离开，起程，出发
（7）crowd in (想法，问题等) 涌上心头，涌入脑海
3、重点句型
（1）Further reading made me realize that it was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school.
（2）Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.
4、语法知识
主谓一致
课时复习方案
Module4unit1 第一课时
1、重点词汇
考点一intend
【基础过关】(1) vt./vi 计划，打算
I intend you to take over my career.
我打算让你接管我的事业
Today，I intended to finish reading this novel.
今天我打算读完这本小说
【拓展延伸】
be intended for 专供……使用，专为……而设计
This kind of bicycle is intended for people who are too short
这种自行车是专为身高太矮的人设计的。
The book is intended for children.
这本书是为孩子们设计的。
intend to do/doing 打算……
intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事
【典型例题】
Does your brother intend to study German?
—Yes, he intends_______. (1998上海)
A. /
B. to
C. so
D. that
【答案】B 考查省略。省略了to后面的do 也就是study German
【点拨】这样的动词很多，应注意积累，如would like/love to
考点二observe
【基础过关】observe vt观察，观测遵守；注意到，看到；例如：
We must observe the traffic rules.
我们都必须遵守交通规则
【拓展延伸】phrases:
observe sb do sth .注意到某人做某事
observe sb. doing sth. 注意到某人在做某事
He observe a stranger go into his house.
他注意到一个陌生人走进了他的家
He observed a man trying to force the lock.
他看到一个人在设法撬锁
类似用法的动词还有：see watch，hear，notice
【典型例题】
The patients were _______ over a period of several weeks.
A. watched
B. noticed
C. observed
D. stared at
【答案】C 考查observe观察（某一行为或现象）watch 观看，注意，留心看（活动，娱乐节目，事件）等notice 是指无意识的注意到stare at 是指凝视，盯住
【点拨】区分动词词义，按照句意排除
考点三worthwhile
【基础过关】worthwhile“值得做的；值得出力的”，可用作表语或定语，其后可加to do/doing Selling the car at this price is not worthwhile.
以这样的价格买车不值得。
Is it worthwhile making/ to make such an effort?
做这样的努力值得吗？
【拓展延伸】worthwhile/worth
worth 后只可加doing 不可加to do或being done,用主动表被动
The novel is worth reading
It is worthwhile reading/to read the novel
这本小说值得一读。
【典型例题】
It was ___________ the trouble to settle the problem.
A. worth to take
B. worthwhile taking
C. worth being taken
D. worth taking 【答案】B 考查worthwhile 基本用法
【点拨】掌握worthwhile和worth的区别
考点四respect
【基础过关】(1) vt 尊敬，重视
We all should respect our parents and teachers.
我们都应该尊敬我们的父母和老师
He was respected for his bravery.
他因为勇敢受人尊敬
（2）n尊敬，重视，方面
Mr Smith always show respect to his children’s opinions.
史密斯先生总是很尊敬孩子们的意见
In respect to the content, the article is very good, but it is not satisfactory in other aspects. 就内容而言，这篇文章很好。但在其他方面还不能令人满意
【拓展延伸】
respectable adj 可敬的，值得尊敬的
respectful 尊敬他人的
respected 被尊敬的
respective 各自的，分别的
【典型例题】
He drove them both to their ________homes.
A．respectable B. respectful C. respective D. respected
【答案】 C 考查单词意思
【点拨】牢记四个单词的意思，不可混淆
考点五carry on
【基础过关】继续，坚持
Let’s carry on our homework.
让我们继续做我们的作业
We must carry on until the rescue team arrived.
我们必须坚持下去直到救援队到来
【拓展延伸】carry out 执行，实施carry away 带走，冲走carry off 夺去
We will carry out the plan as soon as it is made.
这个计划一制定出来，我们就会执行
We planted many trees to stop the water from carrying away the soil.
我们种这么多树目的是阻止土壤的流失
【典型例题】
We must _________ in spite of very difficult conditions.
A. carry on
B. carry off
C. carry away
D. carry for
【答案】A 考查短语的区别
【点拨】牢记短语，注意区别
考点六devote…to
【基础过关】devote…to 献身于……，专心于……
devote之后常接oneself, time, one’s life等；to 是介词，后面接名词或动名词。例如：He devoted all his time to his career.
他把他的全部时间都用在事业上了
The professor devoted himself to doing research on cancer.
这位教授把一生都用在了研究癌症上
【拓展延伸】含有介词to并可接动名词的短语还有：
be/get used to 习惯于get down to 开始认真做
look forward to 盼望pay attention to 注意
【典型例题】
He devoted all his money to _______ schools for poor areas.
A. set up
B. setting up
C. building up
D. build up
【答案】B 考查devote…to的基本用法。
【点拨】掌握不同短语中的to 的词性
考点七look down upon/ on
【基础过关】轻视，看不起
In the old days, women were looked down upon..
【拓展延伸】
look up to (反义词) 敬仰，尊重
look into 调查，了解
look up 查阅
look out 当心，小心
look on 旁观
look back on 回首
look through 浏览
【典型例题】
No one likes ______________.
A. looking down upon
B. being looked down upon
C. being looked down
D. to be looked down
【答案】B 考查动词短语的被动语态
【点拨】在被动语态中，短语中的介词不可以省略
考点八come across
【基础过关】（偶然）遇到，发现
I came across my English teacher on my way home.
在回家的路上，我偶然碰到了我的英语老师
【拓展延伸】
come up with 想到，提出
come about 发生
come off 脱落
come out 出版，出现
come over 越过，来到
come into being 形成，产生
come back 回来
come on 开始，进步，快点
【典型例题】
Tom __________ a secret garden beside his school.
A. came along
B. came about
C. came over
D. came across
【答案】D 考查动词短语意思辨析
【点拨】按照词组意思和句意排除
2. 重点句型
考点九only 放于句首，要求其后的主句进行部分倒装
【基础过关】以only + 状语开头的句子用于句首表强调，引起局部倒装
Only in this way can we solve this problem.
只有用这种办法，你才能解决这个问题。
Only when one loses something, can he know its value.
只有当一个人失去某个东西的时候，他才会知道它的价值。
【拓展延伸】only 放于句首修饰主语时不到装
Only Tom knew the result of the football match,
只有汤姆知道那场足球比赛的结果
【典型例题】
Only in this way,____________ make rapid progress.
A.you are able to
B. can you be able to
C. are you able to
D. you can
【答案】C 考查部分倒装。
【点拨】抓住关键，把握基础AD都没有倒装先排除；B can与be able to不可连用
【实战演练】
1 Only after my friend came_______.
A. did the computer repair
B. he repaired the computer
C. was the computer repaired
D. the computer was repaired
2. “Did you observe a tall man _______the school just now?” she asked the doorkeeper.
A. enter
B. entering
C. to enter
D. entered
3. I think it ______ to do the job.
A. worth
B. worthwhile C is worth D. worthy
4 He _________me because I was born in a poor family.
A. looks up to
B. looks down upon
C. looks down
D. looks round for
5. It was several weeks before the truth of the matter ________
A. come on
B. come across
C. come out
D. come around
6. Nancy ________ about several years _________writing the novel.
A. devoted in
B. devoted with
C. devoted for
D. devoted to
7. My father ________ my sister for driving but he wanted to pick up the knowledge of the computer during the holiday.
A. intended
B. advised
C. managed
D. persuaded
8.________the work while I’m away.
A Move on
B .Hold on C. Come on D. Carry on
参考答案1-8 CABBC DAD
Module4unit1 第二课时
主谓一致
【基础过关】主谓一致是一种常见的语法现象，它指的是谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语保持一致。其用法较为复杂
主谓一致依据语法一致、意义一致和就近一致三条原则兹简述如下
一、名词作主语时的主谓一致
1.集体名词作主语若强调整体，谓语动词用单数，若突出个体，谓语动词为复数。常见的这类名词有committee, family, group, class, army, enemy等例如：
My family has moved into the new house. 我家已搬进了新房子
My family enjoy sports. 我全家人都喜欢运动
[拓展延伸]
people, police, youth, cattle等作主语，谓语动词常用复数如：
The police have caught the thieves. 警察捉住了盗贼
2.单复数同形的名词作主语，谓语动词可为单数，亦可为复数，视其意义而定。如:
works（工厂），means（方法），作主语也有类似用法如：
Every means has been tried. 每一种方法都试过了
All means have been tried. 所有的方法都试过了
3.表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等度量衡的词语作主语，通常被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。例如：
One hundred li/kilometers was covered on a single night. 一夜走了一百里路
Five yuan is enough. 五元钱就够了
二、并列主语的主谓一致
1.and连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式，但在下列情况下用单数：
①and 连接的并列主语指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念例如：
The English teacher and headteacher is a young man.
英语老师兼班主任是位年轻人
②and连接的并列名词有each，every，no或many a等修饰语时，谓语动词用单数例如：In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.
在我们国家每一个男女孩子都有受教育的权利
No teacher and no student was present at the party.
老师和学生都没有参加晚会
2.由or，either…or…，neither…nor…，not only…also…，not…but… 等连接并列主语时，遵循就近原则，即谓语动词应与最靠近它的主语一致。例如：
Either he or I am wrong. 不是他错了就是我错了
Not only the students but also the teacher is active in sports and games.
不但学生就连老师也积极参加体育运动
3.两个主语由as well as ,rather than, but, together with, along with, , with, except, besides等连接时，谓语动词的数与最前面的主语保持一致例如：
The teacher as well as the students has seen the film.
老师和学生都看过这部电影
Nobody but Xiao Wang and Xiao Li was here. 只有小王和小李在这儿
I as well as they am to ready to help you. 不仅他们，我也愿帮助你
三、名词化形容词作主语时的主谓一致
“the + adj.”表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数。常见的这类词有：the poor, the rich, the sick, the dead, the young, the wise, the deaf, the blind, the learned, the wounded, the aged, the killed, the living, the dying, the English, the French, the Chinese等。例如：
The young are required to respect the old. 年轻人应该尊敬老年人。
The injured have been taken to hospital. 伤员已经被送往医院
四、不定式、动名词和名词从句作主语
不定式、动名词和句子作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：
To become doctors is their ambition. 当医生是他们的志愿。
Reading without comprehension is no good. 读书而不理解是不行的。
When and where this took place is still unknown. 这件事何时何地发生尚不知晓。
【拓展延伸】
在what引导的主语从句中，如果表语为复数形式，谓语动词也要用复数。例如：
What the children need are interesting books. 孩子们需要有趣的书
五、倒装句中的主谓一致
倒装句中的谓语动词与后面的主语一致。例如：
In the centre of Tian’an Men Square stands the Chairman Mao’s Memorial H all.毛主席纪念馆位于天安门广场中心
Here comes the bus.车来了
Here you are.给你！
[拓展延伸]
here或there引导的句子有两个以上主语时，遵循就近原则如：
Here are some pens and paper for you. 这是给你的钢笔和纸张。
【实战演练】
1. Did you go to the show last night?
----- Y es. Every boy and girl in the area ______ invited.
A. were
B. have been
C. has been
D. was
2. No one in the department but Tom and I______ that the director is going to resign.
A. knows
B. know
C. Have known
D. am to know
3. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ___each year.
A. is washing away
B. is being washed away
C. are washing away
D. are being washed away
4.______of the land in that district______ covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifth; is
B. Two fifth; are
C. Two fifths, is
D. Two fifths; are
5. As we know, the blind ____in special schools in China.
A. study
B. has studied
C. is studying
D. studied
6. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _____yet.
A．are not decided B. have not been decided
C. is not being decided
D. has not been decided
7. He is the only one of the students who ______a winner of a scholarship for three years.
A. is
B. are
C. have been
D. has been
8. Every boy and every girl_____ to attend the English evening party to be held on Sunday.
A. wish
B. enjoys
C. wishes D .have wished
9. Professor Smith, along with his assistants, _____ on the Project day and night to meet the deadline.
A．work B. working C. is working D. are working
10._______of the student in Class3 is going to take part in the English contest.
A. All
B. Both
C. Every one D .Everyone
参考答案：DADCA DDCCC
Module4unit1单元测试题
第一卷选择题（105分）
第一部分听力（共三节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置，听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍
1. What do we know about the man?
A. He is probably overweight.
B. He won't give up smoking.
C. He is suffering a heart attack.
2. What is the man going to buy?
A. Food.
B. Drinks.
C. Flowers.
3. What are the two speakers doing?
A. Looking for some suitcases.
B. Booking tickets for air journey.
C. Checking the woman's baggage.
4. Why would the woman rather stay at the hotel?
A. It costs less money.
B. It saves much labour.
C. It feels more comfortable.
5. What are the two speakers talking about?
A. A painting.
B. A country scene.
C. A kind of drink
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
请听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍
听下面一段材料，回答第6和第7题。
6. What will the woman do at the travel service?
A. Pick up her passport.
B. Buy her plane ticket.
C. Ask about the flight.
7. Why is the woman unwilling to give up her house?
A. She has difficulty finding another.
B. She has paid her rent in advance.
C. She has no time to move house.
听下面一段材料，回答第8至10题
8. What season is it now?
A. Summer.
B. Autumn.
C. Winter.
9. What is the most probable relationship between the two
A. Guide and traveler.
B. Driver and passenger.
C. Assistant and customer.
10. What is the weather like in summer in San Francisco?
A. It is warm.
B. It is cool.
C. It is hot.
听下面一段材料，回答第11至13题
11. Who is the man?
A. A storywriter.
B. A policeman.
C. A reporter.
12. What are the two speakers talking about?
A. A personal stealing.
B. A shop robbery.
C. A murder case
13. When does this conversation take place?
A. In the morning.
B. In the afternoon.
C. In the evening.
听下面一段材料，回答第14至16题
14. What are the two speakers mainly talking about?
A. When they surf the Web.
B. What they do on the Internet.
C. How they look up information online.
15. How often does the man probably surf the Interest?
A. Once a week.
B. Twice a week.
C. Several times a week.
16. What do we know about the man?
A. He has never sent e-mails.
B. He gets some help from the Web.
C. He shows no interest in the Internet.
听下面一段材料，回答第17至20题
17. Where is the speaker?
A. In a library.
B. In a laboratory.
C. In a classroom.
18. What is the speaker explaining?
A. A weekly timetable.
B. A book review.
C. A study plan.
19. What will the students practise on Wednesday morning?
A. Reading and writing.
B. Listening and speaking.
C. Grammar and computer.
20. When is the library open every weekday afternoon?
A. From 3:00 to 6:00.
B. From 3:00 to 6:30.
C. From 3:30 to 6:00.
第二部分英语知识运用
第一节单项填空(共15小题, 满分15分)
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑
21 He suggested that the boy ______punished
A. referring to was
B. referring to being
C. referred to being
D. referred to be
22. It is worthwhile _________ the seaside to go swimming in such a hot day.
A. go to
B. going
C. to have gone to D going to
23. Jack is a clever and capable man ,though he has never been to college, so you shouldn’t
________him
A. look forward to
B. think highly of
C. look down upon
D. pay attention to
24. Tom, ______ yourself .Did you forget the school rules?
A. behave
B. believe
C. perform
D. conduct
25. Tom knew that someone had observed him _______ Ryan。
A. meeting
B. to meet
C. has meet
D. is meeting
26. It is _____ of you to call on your aunt from time to time.
A. common
B. convenient
C. considerate
D. concerned
27. Why don’t we hold a party to celebrate the achievement gained by our Olympic players?
A. we haven’t got enough preparations
B. Good idea
C. Because of the bad weather
D. Not all would like attend it
28._______________ will he be able to make progress in English.
A. Only with his hard work
B. In spite of his hard work
C. With hard work
D. By hard work
29. It was for this reason ________ her father moved out of London and settled down in the city.
A. which
B. why
C. that
D. How
30. Rose ________ Jack and Tom _______ going to the party by bus
A. as well as; are
B. as long as; in
C. as well as; is
D. as good as; are
31. He met his previous teacher ________ at abroad.
A. by any chance
B. by the chance
C. by chance
D. by a chance
32. The writer and poem ________invited to give us a report on plays in China yesterday
A. are
B. have been
C. was
D. were
33. Last Saturday, my friends and I drove to ________ countryside for _____ weekend break．
A．a, the B．the, / C．/, a D．the, a
34. Lucy has ____ all of the goals she set for herself in high school and is ready for new challenges at university.
A. acquired
B. finished
C. concluded
D. achieved
35. I don’t understand Mark’s ________. He gets angry for no reason.and refuses to talk to anyone.
A. manner B action C. bearing D. behaviour
第二节完形填空(共20小题, 满分30分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从第36至第55小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项
A friend of mine met with a car accident in darkness. His legs were so hurt that he couldn't move. 36__ was worse was that he found he was unable to ask for help—his mobile phone went out of work __37__exhausted (用尽的) battery. Nothing could be done but to 38 __ in the cold wilderness, it was 6 hours later that day broke, and then the 39 of the rescue team.
It is almost 40 that he could stand the horror in the darkness for so long. Even more surprising was his 41 : “First of all l I 42 my physical conditions and found myself not in danger. As there was no 43 to call for help, I leaned back in my seat trying my best to 44 the wound from bleeding . In this way I dozed（打盹）off.”
His story put an end to my regret for the 45 of an exploration that happened last year. A group of young men 46 to explore a mountain cave and got lost. 47 to find a way out in tile dark cave they were frightened and ran anxiously without a sense of 48 . Finally they fell dead in fear and exhaustion. According to the 49 team that found them, the place where they got lost was only about 10 meters away from the 50 of the cave. If they stayed on the spot when they lost their way and tried to 51 themselves, they would probably have sensed a faint light glowing not far away.
Don't you think that you can compare it with 52 itself? When you meet with difficulties in life, you are lost in darkness. 53 that it’s unclear to you ye and you needn’t put up struggle 54 . It seems to be a negative attitude, 55 a person who can do so much have foresight as well as a a great courage in the first place.
36. A. What B. That C. Which D. Whether
37. A. because B. as C. as a result of D. with
38. A. cry B. wait C. lie D. sleep
39. A. delay B. success C. team D. arrival
40. A. untrue B. unimaginable C. possible D. useless
41. A. excuse B. decision C. explanation D. plan
42. A. checked B. tested C. recorded D. consulted
43. A. method B. way C. tools D. strength
44. A. keep B. protect C. stop D. quit
45. A. loss B. failure C. disappointment D. sadness
46. A. had B. managed C. tried D. planned
47. A. Willing B. Unable C. Determined D. Deciding
48. A. hearing B. sight C. feeling D. direction
49. A. rescue B. village C. local D. brave
50. A. end B. top C. opening D. side
51. A. save B. help C. stop D. calm
52. A. adventure B. work C. life D. mankind
53. A. Focus B. Watch C. Imagine D. Warm
54. A. really B. immediately C. carefully D. hopefully
55. A. and B. so C. but D. while
第三部分阅读理解（共20小题，没小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A
Chocolate is good for your heart, skin and brain．Usually, people think that chocolate is bad for their health．They describe chocolate as “something to die for”or say “death by chocolate”．Now they should bite their tongues! Evidence is showing that some kinds of chocolate are actually good for you in the following ways:
A happier heart
Scientists at Harvard University recently examined 136 studies on cocoa—the main ingredient in chocolate and found that it does seem to strengthen the heart．Studies have shown heart benefits from increased blood flow．These benefits are the result of coca’s chemicals, which seem to prevent both cell damage and inflammation(炎症)．
Better blood pressure
If yours is high, chocolate may help．Jeffrey Blumberg from Tufts University recently found that people with high blood pressure who ate 3．5 ounces of dark chocolate per day for two weeks saw their blood pressure drop quickly．
Muscle magic
Chocolate milk may help you recover after a hard workout(锻炼)．In a small study at Indiana University, people who drank chocolate milk between workouts did better on a tiredness test than those who had some sports drinks．
Better for your skin．German researchers gave 24 women a half-cup of special cocoa every day．After three months, the women’s skin was moister(滑润的)and smoother．The research shows that chocolate helps protect and increase blood flow to the skin, improving its appearance．Brain gains
It sounds almost too good to be true, but research suggests that chocolate may improve your memory, attention span, reaction time, and problem-solving by increasing blood flow to the brain．56．Which of the following is wrong?
A. coca’s chemica ls can prevent both cell damage and inflammation.
B. chocolate may help you lower your blood pressure.
C. People early know chocolate is good for their health
D. chocolate may improve your memory, attention span, reaction time, and problem-solving. 57．What’s the meaning of the underlined sentence in the fourth paragraph?
A．Sports drinks are better than chocolate milk．
B．Sports drinks can make people easy to be tired．
C．Drinking milk can keep you energetic at work．
D．We should drink chocolate milk between times when we work hard．
58．What’s the main idea of the text?
A．Chocolate, a Healthy Food B．More Chocolate, Less Health
C．Chocolate and Blood Pressure D．Advice on Eating Chocolate
59．The conclusion that chocolate may help lower blood pressure was brought out by ．A．scientists at Harvard University
B．Jeffrey Blumberg from Tufts University
C．scientists at Indiana University
D．German researchers
60. What’s the meaning of “bite their tongues” in the first paragraph?
A．．Think of it．B．Speak up． C. Stop talking D．Listen to it
B
MP4 is the short name for a special video format called MPEG-4. The format can compress large video content into a relatively small document while keeping its quality.
They named it MP4 mainly because it was regarded as an update from MP3. MP3 only compresses audio documents.
After MP3 players became popular, some technology companies started thinking about making videos that fit into people's pockets. In fact; most PDAs and some hand-held mobile phones already have video function.
Since then, manufacturers worldwide have joined in the rush. Among them are big
companies like Sony, Microsoft and Apple, although they don't call their products MP4 players.
Sony called its product with video function the PMP (Portable Media Player). Microsoft prefers PMC (Personal Media Centre), while some others call the gadgets PVPs (Personal Video Player).
But, basically, these products all have the same core function--playing video content.
An MP4 player is not just an MP3 player with an extra video function.
In fact, MP4 players must be able to play, record, and transform large video content. That requires an overall change in both hardware and software. Storage must be enlarged, display strengthened, speakers powered, software upgraded, and appearance redesigned.
Since video function enriched the players, other functions such as games, cameras can be added. Sony's PSP (Play Station Portable) was originally built for video games.
In this case, PMP or PMC is more accurate a term than MP4.
61. Which of the following statements is FALSE?
A. MP4 can compress large video content into a relatively small document while keeping its quality.
B. Every product with video function launched by big companies is called MP4.
C. They named it MP4 mainly because it was regarded as an update from MP3
D. PMP or PMC has more functions besides video function.
62 What does the last sentence in-the passage mean?
A. PMP or PMC is not called MP4 players because they cannot play video content.
B. PMP or PMC is not called MP4 players because they have the same core function—playing audio content.
C. PMP or PMC is not called MP4 players because they have other function besides playing video content.
D. PMP or PMC is not called MP4 players because the manufacturers regard them as outdated
products.
63 The passage tells us what MP4 players are except that ________.
A. MP4 must be able to play, record and transform large video content.
B. MP4 must have more space to store documents.
C. Software has to be required to be changed instead of hardware.
D. Display of MP4 is better than that of MP3.
64. What's the main idea of the passage?
A. MP4s Update MP3s
B. What're PMP and PMC?
C. MP3 Is Outdated
D. MP4's Coming Out
65. Which of the following is not mentioned?
A. MP4s have more functions than Mp3s
B. MP4 players can play, record, and transform large video content.
C. Y ou can use PMP or PMC to play games and take photos
D.Mp4s sell better than MP3s.
C
In the past, young people in Japan were expected to take on responsibilities to support thei r parents and grandparents. Now they expect to be supported well into young adulthood. The "new breed", born since the 1960s, have never known anything but richness. Y outh are seen as resi stant to entering society as mature adults, to becoming social citizens. Once the great objective of reconstruction after the Second World War was accomplished, a new generation lost the motivating power that had united the nation together.
Japan's birth rate has been failing rapidly, partly because of economi c decline, and the job and financial insecurity that it has caused. In 1999, the figure was1.38 children per woman, the lowest ever recorded. At the same time, youth crime, although still especially low by western standards, rose to its highest level since record-keeping began 32 years ago. Likewise, the proportion of students dropping out before graduating, at 2.5％also V ery low by western standards, has never-the-less been rising.
Entrepreneurial (企业家的) role models are few and far between. Bill Gates is often mentioned, but a foreign model can only have so much influence. The problem i s that Japanese culture di scourages people from revealing details of personal life, including such difficult or painful experience as starting a company. In the past, successful companies such as Honda or Hitachi provided role models of a sort. But today they have been faded by the downturn, and few others have risen to take their place.
By the same reason, young people often feel isolated from their fathers, who worked too hard at their jobs to establish much of a relationship with their children. "The one thing they're sure of is that they don't want to be like their fathers. And the girls don't want to be with boys who are like their fathers, so the boys are sure not to be," says Professor Morishima.
66. According to the passage, Now, young people in Japan are expected to .
A. enter the society before adulthood
B. hold together
C. work hard and support their family
D. study hard and find a good job
67. W hat’s the mea ning of the underlined sentence in the last paragraph?
A. Boys in Japan don’t like living with their fathers
B. Boys in Japan get on well with their fathers
C. Boys in Japan are sure not to be like their fathers.
D. Boys don’t like to be with girls who a re like their fathers
68. The author takes the two examples of the youth crime and students' dropping-out before graduating to show .
A. the youth are overburdened
B. the educational system in Japan is not satisfying
C. public security and order in Japan are bad
D. the ethnical level of youth in Japan is dropping
69. Today, entrepreneurial models are rarely found in Japan because .
A. the discouragement of Japanese culture
B. the worshipping of western models
C. the lack of experience of starting a company
D. the "new breed" don't want to work hard
70. What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. the decline of the Japanese economy
B. the great change of the ethnical and value concept of youth in Japan
C. the existence of generation gap between youth and their parents
D. the increase of birth rate
D
I'll be the first to admit that I am a technophobe(对技术有恐惧感的人).Who would have guessed that a website would help repay a 20-year-old loan?
I'1l always remember my last day at school. My best friend, Jenny, had organized a party in the Sixth Form Common Room; Jenny asked me to go to the supermarket with her to buy all the snacks. "I'm really looking forward to this party, Stingy," she said. Everyone called me Stingy instead of Debbie because they thought I didn't like to spend money. Actually, it was true.
"There's lots of money in the kitty(零星凑起的一笔钱). Let's go crazy!" Going crazy meant buying enough snacks to feed an army. It came to ￡19.90,which was a lot of money in 1982.
Jenny gave me a guilty( 内疚的) look. "I've left-the kitty money in the common room. Can you pay and I'll give you back the money?"
"Sure," I replied, trying to look relaxed. ' Neither a lender or a borrower be' was my motto but I didn't want to look stingy(小气). I gave ￡20 to the impatient shop assistant.
Well, the Party was a great success. So great that I completely forgot about my loan until I was flying to America the next day. I was going to live with my uncle's family until I started university.
I tried to get in touch with Jenny but her family had moved. My ￡20 was lost. Until. I'd heard about a website called Friends Reunited which helped people contact old school friends. My husband helped me log on and find my school. There she was, Jenny Frost.
I'm now married with a beautiful daughter called Debbie. Does anyone know how to get in touch with Debbie 'Stingy' Jones? I still owe her ￡20!
We met two months later and the ￡20 was returned, plus interest(利息)of course. After all, I'm
a bank manager now, so loans are my business.
71. What’s the best title of the passage？
A．The experience of a technophobe
B. a website contacting old school friends
C. an unusual friendship
D. a website helps me get my money back
72 Why did Jenny say “Let’s go crazy” ?
A. Debbie had money.
B. There's lots of money in the kitty
C. She wanted Debbie to stop being greedy
D. She wanted to be crazy.
73. How did Debbie get her money at last?
A. Her husband found Jenny.
B. Jenny had a website on the Internet.
C. Debbie met Jenny.
D. Debbie put a message on the Friends Reunited website.
74. Which sentence best describes Debbie Jones?
A. She didn't like to spend money at school and often uses computers.
B. She sometimes lends money and doesn't like using computers.
C. She sometimes lends money and uses, the computer whenever she can.
D. She only lends money to friends and doesn't like using computers.
75. We know from the passage that Jenny __ .
A. liked parties at school and felt guilty about borrowing money
B. had fun at school but soon forgot about her school friends
C. forgot her best friend at school until she saw the Friends Reunited website
D. was forgetful about the money
第二卷非选择题（共两节；45分）
第四部分：书面表达
第一节：阅读表达（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，按要求完成76-80题。
People can be addi cted to different things—e. g.alcohol, drug, certain foods, or even television. People who have such an addi ction are compulsive (强迫的): they have a very powerful psychologi cal need that they feel they must satisfy. According to psychologists, many people are compulsive spenders. They feel that they must spend money. This compul sion, like most others, is impossible to explain reasonably. For compul sive spenders who buy on credit, charge accounts are even more exciting than money.__________, compulsive spenders feel that with credit, they can do anything. Their pleasure in spending large amounts is actually greater than the pleasure that they get from the things they buy.
There is even a special psychology of bargain hunting. To save money, of course, most people look for sales, low prices, and discounts. Compulsive bar-gain hunters, however, often buy things that they don't need just .because they are cheap. They want to believe that they are helping their
budgets, but they are really playing an exciting game. When they can buy some-thing for less than other people, they feel that they are winners. Most people, experts claim, have two reasons for their behavior: a good reason for the things that they do and the real one.
It is not only scientists, of course, who understand the psychology of spending habits, but also business people. Stores, companies, and advertisers use psychology to increase business. They consider people's needs for love, power, or influence, their basic values, their beliefs and opinions, and so on in their advertising and sales methods.
Psychologists often use a method called "behavior therapy (疗法)" to help individuals solve their personality problems. In the same way, they can help people who feel that they have problems with money.
76. What’s the best title of the passage?
77. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one?
They get more pleasure from spending much money than from the things they buy.
78. Please fill in the blank in the passage with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence.(within ten words)
79. How do you think can help compulsive spenders?
(within 30 words)
80. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.
第二节：写作（满分30分）
你校同学进行了一场有关高考英语听力测试的讨论。讨论的主题是：高考英语测试中的听力部分该不该取消?请你根据提示写一篇短文，介绍讨论的情况
认为不应该取消的同学认为：
1.听是学习语言基本技能之一，不能忽视
2.听是获取信息的重要途径之一
认为应该取消的同学认为:
1.英语教师和语音设备城乡差异过大
2.今后并非人人都要与外国人进行口头交流
注意：1．文章的起始句已给出
2．词数：120左右（不包括已给出的起始句）
3．参考词汇：取消cancel 国际合作international cooperation
The students of our school had a discussion about whether listening test in the National Matriculation English Test should be kept or canceled. Some students think that listening test should not be canceled.
-_---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
参考答案
第一部分1—5 ACCBA6—10 BACBA l l—15 BACBC
16—20 BCABC
第二部分21-25DDCAA 26-30CBACC 31-35 CCDDD
36-40 ＡＣＢＤＢ41-45 CABCB 46-50 ＣＢＤＡＣ51-55 ＤＣＡＢＣ
第三部分56-60 ＣＤＡＢＣ61-65BCCAD 66-70 ＡＣＤＡＢ71-75 ＤＢＤＤＡ
第四部分
第一节阅读表达
1. compul sive spenders／The psychology of money spending habits.
2. Their pleasure in spending large amounts is actually greater than the pleasure that they get from the things they buy.
3. In other words
4. They can ask the psychologists for advice
5.心理学家们经常用一种被叫做“行为疗法”的方法来帮助个人解决个性问题
第二节：写作
One possible version:
The students of our school had a discussion about whether listening test in the National Matriculation English Test should be kept or canceled. Some students think that listening test should not be canceled. They insist listening is among the four basic skills. We therefore cannot ignore it. Besides, listening is one of the important channels for us to get information from the outside world. So it should be strengthened today when international cooperation is becoming more and more frequent. But others don't agree. They think not everyone has to communicate with foreigners in the future. Moreover, listening test is unfair to the students in the areas where radio signals cannot be picked up effectively. And for certain reasons, there is a big difference in teachers and equipment between the countryside and the city.
听力录音材料
Text 1
M: The doctor said if l kept smoking, I would increase my chance of having a heart attack..
W: Didn't he suggest you lose some weight, too?
Text 2
M: I'm having a party tonight. Mike will buy food and drinks and I need something different.
《谏太宗十思疏》学案 《谏太宗十思疏》学案 学习要点 1 学习作者反复开导、循循善诱的劝谏艺术； 2领悟“十思”的积极意义； 3掌握中一些实词的词义和虚词的用法。 重点讲解 题解 “疏”通称“奏疏”。疏，原本是疏通的意思。后作为一种公形式，成了古代官员向帝王进言，以便使下情上达的进谏奏。疏，演变为疏通事理，分条陈述的意思。它起于汉代，后世人们以“奏疏”作为这类进言体的通称。“疏”的用途较广，论谏、陈乞、待罪、推荐、辞官等都可用“疏”。 “谏”是规过劝善的意思，一般用于下对上。规劝的言论也可以称为“谏”，如同学们学过的《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》中的“谏”就是“规劝的言论”的意思。“谏”古代专指用于对帝王、上级、尊长的劝告，规劝其改正不当的言行。 《谏太宗十思疏》选自《魏郑公集》，标题是后人加的。起初称为《十思疏》。标题中的“太宗”是庙号。古代皇帝死后要在太庙立室
供奉，为此就需要立一个名号，这就是庙号。从汉代起，每一个朝代的开国皇帝一般都称为太祖、高祖或世祖，以下称为太宗或世宗。李世民是在其父李渊之后称帝的，庙号为太宗。由此也可推知“谏太宗十思疏”是后人加的题目，李世民活着，是不能称其为太宗的。 “十思”的针对性 1．见可欲，则思知足以自戒 魏征评论：“陛下贞观之初，无为无欲，清静之化，远被遐荒。考之于今，其风近坠……今则求骏马于万里，市珍奇于域外，取怪于道路，见轻于戎狄。” 典型史实：王珪谏太宗出美人 太宗尝闲居与珪宴语，时有美人侍侧，本庐江王瑗之姬，瑗败籍没入宫。太宗指示之曰：“庐江不道，贼杀其夫而纳其室。暴虐之甚，何有不亡者乎？” 珪避席曰：“陛下以庐江取此妇人为是耶，为非耶？”太宗曰：”杀人而取其妻，卿乃问朕是非，何也？”对曰：“……今此妇人尚在左右，窃以圣心为是之，陛下若以为非，此谓知恶而不去也。”太宗虽不出此美人，而甚重其言。 2．将有作，则思知止以安人 魏征评论：“陛下贞观之始，视人如伤，恤其勤劳，爱民犹子，每存简约，无所营为。顷年已，意在奢纵，勿忘卑俭，轻用人力，乃云百姓无事则骄逸，劳役则易使……” 典型史实：张玄素谏修乾阳殿 贞观四年，诏发卒修洛阳宫乾阳殿以备巡幸，玄素上书谏曰：“……
信息技术-第八册计算机教案（全册） －四年级 教学计划 一、教学大纲对本年级本学科的基本要求： 掌握文件和文件夹的删除、还原方法；认识常用的图片文件格式；掌握用AcDSee软件浏览图片的操作方法；认识电子邮箱的作用；学会申请电子邮箱；学会收发电子邮件；认识电子邮件的格式；掌握在“outlookExpress”软件中设置电子邮件帐号的操作；学会用“outlookExpress”发送电子邮件；掌握在邮件中插入附件的操作方法；学会绘制简单的图形；掌握自选图形格式的设置；掌握表格的插入方法；会在表格中输入文字；掌握在表格中插入和删除行列的方法；会简单修饰表格的方法；了解分栏的方法；了解打印预览的功能；学习制作贺年片。 二、对教材体系和内容的简要分析： 本学期学习内容主要包括：学习收发电子邮件；学习用woRD制作表格；页面设置和制作贺卡。 1、文件的删除； 2、图片的浏览； 3、申请电子邮箱； 4、收发电子邮件； 5、学做邮票； 6、制作课程表； 7、表格的修改； 8、页面设置； 9、学做贺卡。 三、对本年级学生学习情况的基本分析： 四年级学生在以前学习的基础上，对计算机的功能及简单操作已经有了较全面的认识，也已经学会用woRD处理文字的简单操作，对网络有了初步的了解，知道如何上网；最重要的是学生对学习计算机这门课程兴趣浓厚，对于进一步的教学有一个良好的基础。 四、教学进度 略 第一课文件的删除
教学目标： 掌握文件和文件夹的删除和还原方法 教学重点： 文件和文件夹的删除和还原方法 教学过程： 一、删除文件 1、删除硬盘中的文件 如删除“画1”这个文件的方法是： 选定“画1”这个文件， 单击工具栏中的删除按钮， 弹出“确认删除文件”对话框； 单击“是”。 2、删除软盘上的文件 如删除软盘上图像文件“房子”的方法是： 将软盘插入软盘驱动器中， 打开“我的电脑”窗口，双击软驱图标，打开软盘窗口；右击需要删除的文件“房子”，再单击菜单中的“删除”命令； 在弹出的“确认文件删除”对话框中单击“是”。 二、回收站的操作 1、还原文件
仁爱版英语七年级上册 课文及翻译 集团文件发布号：（9816-UATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DQQTY-
仁爱版七年级上册 Unit 1 Making New Friends交新朋友Topic 1 Welcome to China！ 欢迎来到中国！ Section A 1a Good morning!I’m Kangkang. 早上好，我是康康！ Good morning！ 早上好！ Welcome to China！ 欢迎来到中国！ Thank you. 谢谢！ 2a 1. Hello！ 你好！ Hello！ 你好！ I’m Kangkang.Are you Michael 我是康康。你是迈克吗
Yes,I am. 是的，我是。 2. Hello！Are you Maria 你好！你是玛丽娜吗 No,I’m not. I’m Jane. 不，我不是。我是简。 Oh, nice to meet you, Jane. 哦。很高兴见到你，简。 Nice to meet you, too. 我也很高兴见到你。 3. Hi,Maria! 你好，玛丽娜！ Hi,Kangkang. 你好，康康！ Welcome to China! 欢迎来到中国！ Thanks. 谢谢! Section B 1a
Good morning, Mr. Brown! Nice to see you. 早上好，布朗先生！很高兴见到你。 Good morning, Maria! Nice to see you, too. 早上好，玛丽娜！我也很高兴见到你。 n,.this is my mom. 妈妈，这是我的老师，布朗先生。布朗先生，这是我的妈妈。How do you do 你好！ How do you do 你好！ Topic 2 Where are you from? 你来自哪里 Section A 1a Excuse me, are you Jane 打扰一下，你是简吗 Yes, I am.What’s your name,please 是的，我是。请问，你叫什么名字 My name is Sally.Where are you from 我的名字是莎丽。你来自哪里 I’m from Canada.Are you from Canada, too 我来自加拿大。你也来自加拿大吗
《谏太宗十思疏》复习学案 ?熟读全文，回答下列问题。 1、文学常识填空 （1）魏征(580～643) 字玄成，巨鹿曲阳(今河北省晋县)人，封郑国公，谥文贞，以直言敢谏著称，史以“”称之。唐代、、史学家。曾主持编撰《隋书》《群书治要》，作《隋书》的序论及《梁书》《陈书》《齐书》的总论，贞观十一年上《十思疏》，有诗五古《述怀》等30多首。魏征一生先后上书二百多次，达数十万言，大都被采纳。他死后，唐太宗悲痛不已，亲自为他写了碑文，并对侍臣说：“，可以正衣冠；以古为 镜，；，可以知得失。魏征没，朕亡一镜矣。” （2）疏，是的一种文体，又称、，多分条陈述。 2、本文阐述了要“”、“”、“”的道理。（用原文词语回答） 3、名句填写 （1）臣闻求木之长者，；欲流之远者，；思国之安者，。（2）凡百元首，承天景命，善始者实繁，。 （3）怨不在大，可畏惟人，，所宜深慎。 4、写作借鉴 （1）写法：本文第一段提出了什么观点？是如何提出的？ （2）素材：“读史使人明智”。一千三百年后的今天重温《谏太宗十思疏》，不仅要体味它流畅艺术的文气，还应从字里行间去感受一代忠臣魏征为使唐王朝长治久安而敢于直谏的高度责任感、使命感，时刻胸怀一颗火热的报国心! ?读译全文，完成下列问题 一、掌握下列重点词语 1、浚：必浚其泉源（） 2、当：当神器之重（） 3、景：承天景命（） 4、董：虽董之以严刑（） 5、克：克终者盖寡（） 6、作：将有作（） 7、牧：则思谦而自牧（） 8、敬：则思慎始而敬终（） 9、黜：则思正身以黜恶（） 10、简：简能而任之（） 二、通假字 1、振之以威怒（） 2、则思无以怒而滥刑（） 三、一词多义 1、安： ①思国之安者，必积其德义（） ②燕雀安知鸿鹄之志哉（） ③项王曰：“沛公安在？”（）
教科版高中信息技术基础教案全集(必修) 1.1信息及其特征 一、教学内容分析和设计： “信息及其特征”是教育科学出版社的高一《信息技术基础》第一章第一节的内容。由于这个内容理论性较强，如果只是由教师来讲，学生可能会觉得枯燥，所以我准备在教师的引导下，举出现象，让学生进行探讨，然后归纳获得知识。有不足之处由教师或学生来补充。这样能让学生积极参与，活跃课堂气氛，既让学生学到知识，又培养了学生将学习与生活联系的习惯和自主学习的习惯。 二、教学对象分析： 知识的获取者是刚刚升入高中的学生，按照人的成长认知规律，学生对知识的获取开始由感性认识提升到理性认识。对于“信息”这一事物的认识，可以让他们从大量存在的现象中，发现并归纳出他们应该获得的知识。老师在此过程中起着引导的作用。 三、教学目标： 1、知识、技能目标：学生能够列举学习与生活中的各种信息，感受信息的丰富多彩性；举例说明信息的一般特征；培养学生分析问题、解决问题的能力。 2、过程、方法目标：培养学生从日常生活、学习中发现或归纳出新知识的能力。 3、情感态度与价值观目标：让学生理解信息技术对日常生活和学习的重要作用，激发对信息技术强烈的求知欲，养成积极主动地学习和使用信息技术、参与信息活动的态度。 四、教学重点： 1、信息特征的认识。 五、教学难点： 信息的含义。 六、教学方法 本节概念性强，实践性弱。采用讲授法，讨论法。 教学过程 谈话引入：同学们，信息技术这门课程，我们在初中阶段就已经学习。那么下面请同学们说一说，什么是信息？在我们日常生活中，你认为哪些属于信息？（举例） 生1：校园里铃声响，可以告诉我们信息：上课或下课。 生2：观看校运会，可以获得很多运动会赛场上的信息。 生3：从网上可以获得很多信息，如：学习资料、娱乐、新闻报导等。
^ Unit 1 Making New Friends 交新朋友 Topic 1 Welcome to China！欢迎来到中国！Section A 1a Good morning! I’m Kangkang.早上好，我是康康！Good morning！早上好！ Welcome to China！欢迎来到中国！ Thank you. 谢谢！ | 2a Hello！你好！ Hello！你好！ I’m Kangkang. Are you Michael 我是康康。你是Michael吗Yes, I am. 是的，我是。 2. Hello！Are you Maria 你好！你是Maria吗 ! No, I’m not. I’m Jane. 不，我不是。我是Jane。Oh, nice to meet you, Jane. 哦。很高兴见到你，Jane。 Nice to meet you, too. 我也很高兴见到你。3. Hi, Maria! 你好，Maria！ Hi, Kangkang. 你好，康康！ Welcome to China! 欢迎来到中国！Thanks. 谢谢! 》 Section B Good morning, Mr. Brown! Nice to see you. 早上好，布朗先生！很高兴见到你。 Good morning, Maria! Nice to see you, too. 早上好，Maria！我也很高兴见到你。 Mom, this is my teacher, Mr. Brown. Mr. Brown, this is my mom. 妈妈，这是我的老师，布朗先生。布朗先生，这是我的妈妈。 How do you do 你好！ … How do you do 你好！ Topic 2 Where are you from 你来自哪里 Section A Excuse me, are you Jane 打扰一下，你是Jane吗 Yes, I ’s your name,please 是的，我是。请问，你叫什么名字 My name is Sally. Where are you from < 我的名字是Sally。你来自哪里 I’m from Canada. Are you from Canada, too 我来自加拿大。你也来自加拿大吗 No, I’m not. I’m from Amer ica. 不，我不是。我来自美国。 Topic 3 How old are you 你多大了 Section A 1a 《 Hello, I’m Li Ming.What’s your name 你好，我是李明。你叫什么名字 My name’s Jane. 我的名字是Jane。 I’m twelve years old. How old are you 我今年12岁。你多大了 I’m twelve, too. 我也12岁。 — What class are you in 你在哪个班级 I’m in Class Four, Grade Seven. Are you in Class Four, too 我在七年级四班。你也在四班吗 No, I’m not. I’m in Class Five. 不，我没有。我在五班。 Section B Excuse me, what’s this in English : 打扰一下，这个用英语怎么表达呢 It’s an eraser. 它是一个橡皮擦。 How do you spell it 怎么拼写呢 E-R-A-S-E-R, eraser. E-R-A-S-E-R, eraser. Thank you. 谢谢！ That’s OK. 没事。 2. : What’s that in English, Jane Jane，这个用英语怎么说 It’s a map.它是一幅地图。 Can you spell it, please 你能拼写一下它吗, map. 好的。M-A-P, map. Thanks. 谢谢！ You’re welcome. 没关系。 Unit 2 Looking Different 看起来不一样 Topic 1 I have a small nose. 我有一个小鼻子。
谏太宗十思疏教学案 课前导学：《谏太宗十思疏》是魏徵于贞观十一年（637）写给唐太宗的奏章，意在劝谏太宗居安思危，戒奢以俭，积其德义。太宗，即李世民，唐朝第二个皇帝，是中国历史上最有成就的开明君主之一，在他的统治时期，出现了安定富强的政治局面，史称“贞观之治”。“十思”是奏章的主要内容，即十条值得深思的情况。“疏”即“奏疏”，是古代臣下向君主议事进言的一种文体，属于议论文。 文学常识：魏征（公元580—643年）唐初政治家。字玄成，馆陶（今属河北）人。少年出家。曾参加隋末农民起义。后入唐为太子洗马。太宗即位后，被擢为议谏大夫，历任秘书监、侍中等职。参预朝政，先后向太宗陈谏二百余事，是历史上有名的敢谏之臣。后以修史功，进位光禄大夫，封郑国公。曾提出“兼听则明，偏听则暗”，“居安思危，戒奢以俭”，主张“薄赋敛”，“轻租税”，“息末敦本”，“宽仁治天下”等，对太宗的行动及政策措施给以极有益的影响。其言论见于《贞观政要》。 整：文章一开始，作者运用了排喻的手法，作者首先举出“求木之长者，必固其根；欲流之 远者，必浚其泉源”两组比喻，从而引出了“思国之安者，必积其德义”。作者先设置这样两个形象性和哲理性都很强的比喻，而后引出了自己要表达的真实意图，这种手法的应用是有很强的说服力。如果作者开篇不用这十分形象的排喻，而只是简单地讲述抽象的道理，是很难吸引对方，使对方理解信服。作者引喻用得好，好就好在比喻用得“巧”、“俗”、“切”。比喻的应用使抽象的道理形象化、具体化，使深奥的问题通俗化。刘勰在《文心雕龙·论说》中所说的：“喻巧而理至”讲的就是这个道理。设喻明理，比喻不但要设得巧，而且喻体要浅显通俗，树木、江河，处处可见，人人熟悉。所讲的道理也是人人皆知，不难理解的通俗事理。刘勰在《文心雕龙·比兴》中说：“比类虽繁，以切至为贵”。文章中比喻运用的“切”，实际上就是喻体与本意要相切合，要抓住重点，选最集中、最深刻、最精彩的喻体来表现本意，作者用十分熟悉的树木，泉源，用这些微不足道的事物，引出国之大政，平易而自然。 使用了排喻的方法开篇后，作者又以三个“不”字的排比句从反面来说明问题，“源不深而望流之远，根不固而求木之长，德不厚而思国之安”。从而进一步强调了作者的政治意图。作者使用的言辞尖锐，用反激法去激发对方。作者指出，自己所列举的比喻和叙说的是连自己这样愚笨的人都明白的道理，何况英明圣哲的皇帝。然后作者很明确地向唐太宗指出，做为一国之主的帝王，身负重任，就要在安乐时想到危难，尽量避免奢侈，要提倡节俭。不然的话就会做出象伐根而求树茂，塞水而望流长一样的愚蠢事。这里，在文章结构上前呼后应，环环紧扣，充分表达了作者进谏规讽的本意。 紧接着作者向唐太宗指明历史上的君王，一开始创业时大多都能兢兢业业，而善始善终的就不多了。作者这里用了一个反问句来说明“创业容易，守业难”的道理。作者同时明确地告诫唐太宗，不要危难忧患时诚心待人，而成功后就放纵，傲慢待人。并指明，对人以诚相待，仇敌也团结成为一个整体；傲慢待人，即使是亲人也会众叛亲离。对人民使用高压钳制，用威势来统治他们，会造成他们与你貌合神离，表面十分顺服而实际上却十分怨恨。作者这里指出被激怒的百姓是十分可畏的。并再次用一个真切生动的比喻来说明帝王与百姓之间的辩证关系。作者将百姓妙喻为水，将帝王比喻为行船。水能浮载行船，但也可以将行船
第六章信息集成与信息交流 6.1 信息集成（上机实践） 一、学习目标 1.通过信息集成实践更好的理解信息集成的过程的含义，体验信息集成四个阶段 2.了解常见的信息集成工具的分类及代表性的信息集成工具的工作环境 3.掌握网站制作的过程，并能熟练使用FrontPage2000进行网页制作 4.培养团队协作的能力，养成良好的思想、感情交流习惯 二、知识要点 FrontPage软件知识介绍：FrontPage是Microsoft公司制作的，很受欢迎的网页制作工具。 1.“FrontPage2000”界面主要有“标题栏”、“菜单栏”、“常用工具栏”、“格式工具栏”、“视图工具栏”、“编辑区”、“状态栏”等组成。 2. FrontPage2000 中的“编辑区”是我们制作网页的舞台。在这里，网页以三种状态显示： （1）普通视图——显示网页的编辑状态，可以设置文本、插入表格和图像、插入各种网页元素。（2）HTML视图——显示自动生成的HTML语句，此时可以用HTML语言来编辑和修改网页（3）预览视图——模拟显示编辑完的网页，供编写者查看。 3.“菜单栏”——“查看”命令——“视图栏” 视图栏提供了浏览、组织或编辑网页的几种方式： （1）“网页”视图提供编辑网页的方式 （2）“文件夹”视图提供显示和组织站点中文件和文件夹的功能 （3）“报表”视图提供了统计和分析站点中文件和超链接的功能 （4）“导航”视图显示站点中的导航结构，即网页间的链接情况 （5）“超链接”视图显示了各个网页的超链接情况 （6）“任务”视图列出站点中要完成的任务 三、网站制作知识介绍 1.网站也叫做站点，是网页等一组网络资源的集合，我们把制作的所有素材和网页集合成一个网 站，便于维护和管理。新建站点：文件——新建一个站点——只有一个网页的站点 2.利用表格布局网页：表格在网页中有定位和设置网页布局的作用，利用表格可将各块内容分类 列出，使网页清晰美观、富有条理。用表格布局时，表格边框粗细应设置为0。菜单
仁爱版七年级上册 Unit 1 Making New Friends交新朋友 Topic 1 Welcome to China！ 欢迎来到中国！ Section A 1a Good morning!I’m Kangkang. 早上好，我是康康！ Good morning！ 早上好！ Welcome to China！ 欢迎来到中国！ Thank you. 谢谢！ 2a 1. Hello！ 你好！ Hello！ 你好！ I’m Kangkang.Are you Michael？ 我是康康。你是迈克吗？ Yes,I am. 是的，我是。 2. Hello！Are you Maria？ 你好！你是玛丽娜吗? No,I’m not. I’m Jane. 不，我不是。我是简。 Oh, nice to meet you, Jane. 哦。很高兴见到你，简。 Nice to meet you, too. 我也很高兴见到你。 3. Hi,Maria! 你好，玛丽娜！ Hi,Kangkang. 你好，康康！ Welcome to China! 欢迎来到中国！
Thanks. 谢谢! Section B 1a Good morning, Mr. Brown! Nice to see you. 早上好，布朗先生！很高兴见到你。 Good morning, Maria! Nice to see you, too. 早上好，玛丽娜！我也很高兴见到你。 Mom,this is my teacher,Mr. Brown.Mr.Brown,.this is my mom. 妈妈，这是我的老师，布朗先生。布朗先生，这是我的妈妈。How do you do? 你好！ How do you do? 你好！ Topic 2 Where are you from? 你来自哪里？ Section A 1a Excuse me, are you Jane? 打扰一下，你是简吗？ Yes, I am.What’s your name,please ? 是的，我是。请问，你叫什么名字？ My name is Sally.Where are you from? 我的名字是莎丽。你来自哪里？ I’m from Canada.Are you from Canada, too? 我来自加拿大。你也来自加拿大吗？ No, I’m not. I’m from America. 不，我不是。我来自美国。 Topic 3 How old are you ? 你多大了？ Section A 1a Hello, I’m Li Ming.What’s your name? 你好，我是李明。你叫什么名字？
《谏太宗十思疏》导学案 一、学习目标： 1．掌握文中实词、虚词和语言现象、句式特点。 2．学习本文对比论证和比喻论证的方法。 3．领会“思国之安者，必积其德义”的思想。 二、学习重难点： 【学习重点】在教师的指点帮助下自己归纳整理文言知识。理解并领会作者“思国之安者，必积其德义”的思想。 【学习难点】：学习本文运用对比论证和比喻论证的方法来论证观点的写作手法。 三、知识链接： 1、文学常识——疏 疏，是奏议文体的一种，奏议类文章是古代臣属进呈给帝王的奏章的统称，包括奏、议、疏、表、对策等。疏，是分条陈述的意思。有名的“疏”类文章有《论贵粟疏》（晁错）、《谏逐客疏》（李斯）、《论积贮疏》（贾谊）等。 2、作者与作品 魏征，字玄成，唐朝下曲阳人。隋末，因避乱而出家做道士，后参加李密反隋的起义军，李密失败后降唐，太宗时拜谏议大夫、左光禄大夫，封郑国公，世人称魏郑公。死后赠司空，谥文贞。魏征死后，唐太宗对侍臣说：“人以铜为镜，可以正衣冠；以古为镜，可以见兴替；以人为镜，可以知得失。魏征没，朕亡一镜矣！”魏征从政十六七年，上书言事二百多次，达十万言，起奏疏收在《魏郑公谏录》、《贞观政要》中。 3、写作背景 隋朝在农民起义中覆灭，给唐朝统治者敲响了警钟。唐太宗李世民就曾说：“舟所以比人君，水所以比黎庶。水能载舟，亦能覆舟。”唐朝初年，为了缓和阶级矛盾，积极纳谏。太宗起初听不进魏征直谏，发誓要杀他，后来他悟出这是为了国家长治久安，便越听越爱听。这篇奏疏是魏征贞观十一年写给唐太宗的。当时，经过战争后的休养生息，经济得到了发展，人民生活也富裕起来，加上对外战争连年胜利，边防巩固，唐太宗逐渐骄奢忘本，大修庙宇宫殿，四处游玩，劳民伤财，就在魏征呈上此文的当年，太宗先下令修飞仙宫，后来又诏令修建老君庙、宣尼庙。二月巡游洛阳宫，六月巡游明德宫，十月猎于洛阳苑，十一月又巡游怀州，狩于济源，为此民怨沸腾。魏征“频上四疏，以陈得失”（此为第二疏），太宗猛醒，还写了《答魏征手诏》称赞他。 四、学习过程 （一）课前预习 1、给下列加横线的字注音： 塞（sa）源殷（yīn）忧：（深切的忧虑）懈怠（dài ） 壅（yōng）蔽：（被堵塞、蒙蔽）谗（chán）邪 黜（chù）恶：（斥退奸恶的人）谬（miù）赏：（错误的奖赏） 2、积累下列成语 居安思危、戒奢以俭、鲜克有终、垂拱而治 纵情傲物、载舟覆舟、长治久安、竭诚待下 3、《谏太宗十思疏》课文思路梳理： 这篇谏文主旨明确，论证思路缜密，环环相扣。文章论说的中心是：“思国之安者，
1.1信息及其特征 一、教学内容分析和设计： “信息及其特征”是教育科学出版社的高一《信息技术基础》第一章第一节的内容。由于这个内容理论性较强，如果只是由教师来讲，学生可能会觉得枯燥，所以我准备在教师的引导下，举出现象，让学生进行探讨，然后归纳获得知识。有不足之处由教师或学生来补充。这样能让学生积极参与，活跃课堂气氛，既让学生学到知识，又培养了学生将学习与生活联系的习惯和自主学习的习惯。 二、教学对象分析： 知识的获取者是刚刚升入高中的学生，按照人的成长认知规律，学生对知识的获取开始由感性认识提升到理性认识。对于“信息”这一事物的认识，可以让他们从大量存在的现象中，发现并归纳出他们应该获得的知识。老师在此过程中起着引导的作用。 三、教学目标： 1、知识、技能目标：学生能够列举学习与生活中的各种信息，感受信息的丰富多彩性；举例说明信息的一般特征；培养学生分析问题、解决问题的能力。 2、过程、方法目标：培养学生从日常生活、学习中发现或归纳出新知识的能力。 3、情感态度与价值观目标：让学生理解信息技术对日常生活和学习的重要作用，激发对信息技术强烈的求知欲，养成积极主动地学习和使用信息技术、参与信息活动的态度。 四、教学重点： 1、信息特征的认识。 五、教学难点： 信息的含义。 六、教学方法 本节概念性强，实践性弱。采用讲授法，讨论法。 教学过程 谈话引入：同学们，信息技术这门课程，我们在初中阶段就已经学习。那么下面请同学们说一说，什么是信息？在我们日常生活中，你认为哪些属于信息？（举例）
生1：校园里铃声响，可以告诉我们信息：上课或下课。 生2：观看校运会，可以获得很多运动会赛场上的信息。 生3：从网上可以获得很多信息，如：学习资料、娱乐、新闻报导等。 生4：在报纸上可以了解国内外的信息。 ……师：同学们举的例子非常好。 其实信息在我们日常生活周围无时不在，无处不有，当然，信息不仅存在于我们的周围，同样可以在我们身体内部找到它的影子，如，医生通过听诊器来感知我们的身体内部的变化以确定病因，因此我们可以说信息是用文字、数字、符号、图像、图形、声音、情景、状态等方式传播的内容。 师：信息无处不在，无时不有。信息的存在多种多样，作为万物中的一种，它们同样有着其固有的特性，也就相同的本质。下面我们通过所获取到的信息，找出它们共同的特性。 师：在我们周围存在的信息中,书刊上的文字依附于纸张,颜色依附于物体的表面,老师讲课的声音依附于空气。还有很多的信息，同学们能举出其他的现象吗？ 生：（讨论）我们的体重依附于身体，CD音乐依附于光盘，…… 师：有没有信息是不依附于任何载体而存在呢？ 生：（讨论）找不到。 师：这说明了什么？ 生：（齐）信息必须依附于载体而存在，信息依附的物体多种多样。 师：通过前面的学习知道信息是必须依附某一媒体进行传播的，所以不能独立存在；文字既可以印刷在书本上，也可以存储到电脑中；信息可以转换成不同的载体形式而被存储下来和传播出去，供更多的人分享，而“分享”的同时也说明信息可传递、可存储。 师：（课件演示） 1、载体依附性 （1）信息不能独立存在，需要依附于一定的载体； （2）同一个信息可以依附于不同的媒体。 （3）载体的依附性具有可存储、可传递、可转换特点。
《谏太宗十思疏》(学 案) -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN
谏太宗十思疏 魏征 学习目标 1．学习、积累文言实词、虚词的意义及用法，进一步熟悉文言特殊句式。 2. 学习本文比喻论证和对比论证的方法，体味魏征高超的劝谏艺术。 3. 领悟“居安思危”、“戒奢以俭”、“虚心以纳下”的道理及“十思”的积极意 义。 学习重点： 1. 掌握文言字词，疏通文句，培养文言语感。 2. 了解论证方法，理解“十思”内涵。 学习难点：理解作者的思想及追求的理想政治境界。 学习内容：1.文言实词、虚词及句式。 2.文章的论证思路及论证方法。 课堂训练： （一） 1．给下列加点的字注音。 壅．蔽（）懈怠．（）浚．（）谗．邪（）黜．恶（）谬．赏（）滥．刑（）豫．游（）垂拱．（） 2. 下列句中加点的词语，用法与现代汉语相同的一项是( ) A.求木之长者，必固其根本 ．．。 B.既得志，则纵情 ．．以傲物。 C.傲物则骨肉 ．．为行路。 D.虑壅蔽，则思虚心 ．．以纳下。 3. 对下列各句中加点词语的解释，正确的一项是( ) A.永保无疆之休．休：休息 B.既得志，则纵情以傲物．物：事物 C.虽董．之以严刑董：督责 D.念高危，则思谦冲．以自牧冲：冲动 4. 对下列各句中加点词语的解释，不正确的一项是( ) A.念高危，则思谦冲而自牧 ．．自牧：自我约束 B.乐盘游，则思三驱 ．．以为度三驱：狩猎时网开一面以示有度 C.亏无为之大道 ．．哉大道：最高的境界 D.何必劳神苦思，代下司职 ．．司职：司仪
5. 下列各句中加点词的意义和用法，相同的一组是( ) A.震之以威怒不以物喜，不以己悲 B.岂其取之易而守之难乎源不深而望流之远 C.人君当神器之重君臣无事，可以尽豫游之乐 D.将有作，则思知止以安人此则岳阳楼之大观也 （二） 阅读下面文言语段，完成1-5题。 臣闻求木之长者，必固其根本；欲流之远者，必浚其泉源；思国之安者，必积其德义。源不深而望流之远，根不固而求木之长，德不厚而思国之安，臣虽下愚，知其不可，而况于明哲乎！人君当神器之重，居域中之大，不念居安思危，戒奢以俭，斯亦伐根以求木茂，塞源而欲流长也。 凡百元首，承天景命，善始者实繁，克终者盖寡。岂取之易守之难乎？盖在殷忧，必竭诚以待下，既得志，则纵情以傲物；竭诚则吴越为一体，傲物则骨肉为行路。虽董之以严刑，振之以威怒，终苟免而不怀仁，貌恭而不心服。怨不在大，可畏惟人；载舟覆舟，所宜深慎。 1．下列加点词语的解释，不正确的一项是（） A.人君当．神器之重（当然） B.承天景．命（大） C．盖在殷．忧（深） D.克．终者盖寡（能够） 2.下列句子中加点的词的意义用法相同的一项是（） A. 善．始者实繁择善．而从之 B. 居域中之大．怨不在大． C. 臣闻求木之长．者塞源而欲流长．也 D. 不念居安思．危念高危，则思．谦冲而自牧 3.“下”字用法相同的一对是（）和（） ①臣虽下愚②必竭诚以待下③则思江海下百川④则思虚心以纳下 4.翻译句子： （1）思国之安者，必积其德义 （2）竭诚则吴越为一体，傲物则骨肉为行路
第三章信息的编程加工和智能化加工 第一节信息加工概述 制作人：马庆辉 学习目标： 1.了解信息加工的基本知识； 2.理解手工加工信息和计算机信息加工方式的异同； 3.理解计算机信息加工的三种形态的特征。 知识要点： 一、信息加工的过程和方式 1.信息加工的概念：信息加工是指通过判别、筛选、分类、排序、分析和 研究等一系列过程，使收集到的信息（原始信息）成为能够满足我们需要的信息。 2.信息加工的目的：发掘信息的价值、方便用户使用。 3.为什么要对收集到的信息（原始信息）进行加工呢？ 信息加工是信息利用的基础，也是信息成为有用资源的重要条件：（1）在大量的原始信息中，不可避免的存在着一些假信息、伪信息，只有通过认真的筛选和判别，才能避免真假混杂； （2）我们收集来的信息是一种初始的、零乱的、孤立的信息，只有对这些信息进行分类和排序，才能有效的使用； （3）通过信息的加工，可以创造出新的信息，使信息具有更高的使用价值。 4.信息加工的一般过程： （1）记录信息； （2）加工信息； （3）发布信息； （4）存储信息。 5.信息加工方式的变化： （1）人工加工的方式 特点：所需工具较少，方法灵活，使用方便。 不足：有时不但繁琐、容易出错，而且费时不能满足现代生活的需要。
（2）计算机加工方式 二、计算机信息加工的过程和类型 1、计算机信息加工的一般过程 （1）根据信息类型和加工要求选择合适的计算机软件或者自编程序； （2）信息录入； （3）信息加工； （4）信息输出； （5）信息存储。 2、计算机信息加工的类型 利用计算机加工信息有三种形态 第一种是基于程序设计的自动化信息加工（信息的编程加工）； 第二种是基于大众信息技术工具的人性化信息加工； 第三种是基于人工智能技术的智能化信息加工。 自我评价： 1.信息加工的一般过程：，，，。 2.计算机信息加工的一般过程：，，， ，。 3.利用计算机加工信息有三种形态：第一种， 第二种，第三种。 4.信息加工的目的：。 5.信息加工有以下几个环节：A. 加工信息、B.记录信息、C. 存储信息、D. 发布信息； 请你分析以下资料，指出各工作流程分别属于信息加工的哪一个环节。 2006年9月28日下午，我校举行了校教职工男女混合4*400接力赛，参加小组有：高一年级组、高二年级组、高三年级组。裁判员将各小组的比赛成绩记录于规定的参赛项目成绩记录表中，这是信息加工的_____环节；然后裁判员再对这些比赛成绩进行分析、排序等工作，排出名次，这又是信息加工的_____环节；裁判员将这比赛的结果抄了一份送到广播员处，广播员播出成绩，这属于信息加工的_____环节；另将各参赛小组比赛成绩的原材料整理成册送到体卫处存根，这又属于信息加工的_____环节。 6、信息加工是指通过判别、（）、（）、（）、分析和研究等一系列过程，使收集到的信息成为能够满足我们需要的信息。 7、比较人工方式和计算机加工方式的异同。
Unit 1 Making New Friends 交新朋友Topic 1 Welcome to China！欢迎来到中国！Section A 1a Good morning! I’m Kangkang.早上好，我是康康！ Good morning！早上好！Welcome to China！欢迎来到中国！Thank you. 谢谢！ 2a Hello！你好！ Hello！你好！ I’m Kangkang. Are you Michael 我是康康。你是Michael吗 Yes, I am. 是的，我是。 2. Hello！Are you Maria 你好！你是Maria 吗? No, I’m not. I’m Jane. 不，我不是。我是Jane。 Oh, nice to meet you, Jane. 哦。很高兴见到你，Jane。 Nice to meet you, too. 我也很高兴见到你。 3. Hi, Maria! 你好，Maria！Hi, Kangkang. 你好，康康！Welcome to China! 欢迎来到中国！Thanks. 谢谢! Section B Good morning, Mr. Brown! Nice to see you. 早上好，布朗先生！很高兴见到你。 Good morning, Maria! Nice to see you, too. 早上好，Maria！我也很高兴见到你。Mom, this is my teacher, Mr. Brown. Mr. Brown, this is my mom. 妈妈，这是我的老师，布朗先生。布朗先生，这是我的妈妈。 How do you do? 你好！How do you do? 你好！Topic 2 Where are you from? 你来自哪里 Section A Excuse me, are you Jane? 打扰一下，你是Jane吗 Yes, I am.What’s your name,please ?
高中语文《谏太宗十思疏》教学设计 【教学目标】 1.引导学生了解本文先设喻明理,然后据事发挥,最后引发出主题的论证思路。 2.学习本文对比论证和比喻论证的方法。 3.掌握文中实词、虚词和语言现象、句式特点。 4.认识“居安思危,戒奢以俭”在当时的作用和今天的借鉴意义。 【教学重点】 1.诵读、领悟、背诵全文。 2.作者的论证思路和理论结构。 【教学难点】 1.字词及文言现象的把握。 2.“十思”的内容理解及现实意义。 【教学安排】两教时 【教学过程】 第一教时 一、导入: 讽谏帝王,是冒险的事。批“龙鳞”,逆“圣听”,需要大智与大勇。比干挖心,屈原放逐,千古流传。但是唐代却有一位著名的谏官,有胆有识,知无不言,敢于直谏,史以“诤臣”称之。他就是唐代著名的大臣——魏征。 魏征所处“贞观之治”时期,天下大治,而他却提出居安思危,足见其战略眼光。他死后,唐太宗亲写碑文,并对侍臣说:“人以铜为镜,可以正衣冠;以古为镜,可知兴替;以人为镜,可明得失。魏征殁,吾失一镜矣。” 下面我们就来学习魏征的《谏太宗十思疏》。 二、解题:
本文选自《旧唐书魏征传》。谏,下级对上级的直言规劝。疏,奏章,封建时代臣子向国君陈述意见的一种文体。 三、阅读课文。 1.学生试读课文,边读边正音。陌生的字词边读边看注解或查阅古汉语字典。 2.教师提名学生朗读。 四、疏通字词。 1.通读全文,借助课下注释及工具书,掌握以下字词。 ①固:培土加固。根本:树的根 ②德义:德政与信义。 ③明哲:明哲的圣人。 ④不胜:不堪 ⑤景命:大命 ⑥殷忧:大忧 ⑦行路:路人 ⑧董:督责。 ⑨苟免:苟且免罪。 ⑩宜:应当。 ⑾高危:居高位的危险。谦冲:谦虚。自牧:自立调养。 ⑿简能:选拔人才。 ⒀垂拱:垂衣拱手。 2.粗知句义。 3.教师答疑。 五、布置作业。 课后练习二-五。 第二教时 一、检查作业。 1.订正练习二-五。
《谏太宗十思疏》学案 【学习目标】 1.掌握重点实、虚词的意义和用法，翻译重点句子； 2.理清本文的论证思路，学习正反对比论证和比喻论证的方法； 3.体会文中的忧患意识，认识“居安思危，戒奢以俭”在当时的作用和今天的借鉴意义。 一、基础积累： 1、作者简介： 魏征(580- 643), 字玄成，巨鹿(今属河北)人，唐代政治家。少时孤贫，出家为道士。隋末参加瓦岗起义军，李密败，降唐。太宗即位，擢为谏议大夫，前后陈谏二百余事。贞观三年(629)任秘书监，主持校定秘府图籍。后封郑国公，世称魏郑公。公元643年，魏征病死。谥号“文贞”，入凌烟阁。 曾提出“兼听则明，偏信则暗”，多次劝唐太宗以隋亡为鉴，认为君好比舟，民好比水，“水能载舟,亦能覆舟”,必须“居安思危，戒奢以俭”“薄赋敛，轻租税”。 魏征从政十七年，上书言事二百多次，达十万言，起奏疏收在《魏郑公谏录》《贞观政要》中。辅佐唐太宗17年，以“犯颜直谏”而闻名。他那种“上不负时主，下不阿权贵，中不侈亲戚，外不为朋党”的精神，千百年来，一直被传为佳话。 2、写作背景： 这篇奏秦疏是魏征于贞观十一年(637)写给唐太宗的。 当时，经过战后的休养生息，社会经济得到了发展，人民生活也富裕了起来，加上对外战争连年胜利，唐太宗逐渐骄奢忘本，大修庙宇宫殿，四处巡游。魏征在这一年的三月至七月，“频上四疏，以陈得失”，这是其中的第二疏。 唐太宗看了这些奏疏后猛醒，感到很惭愧，写了《答魏征手诏》，称赞魏征，表示从谏改过。魏征死后，唐太宗悲痛不已，亲自为他写了碑文。 3.题目解说 本文是魏征写给唐太宗的奏章。也称“论时政第二疏”。 “谏太宗”交代了写作目的；“十思”则高度概括了文章的主要内容，即十种值得深思的情况；“疏”是一种文体,属古文体中的奏议类，专指臣下向国君陈述意见的奏章。疏，是分条论述的意思。 4.文体知识： 疏，奏文的一种。作为文体，是古代官员向皇帝进言以使下情上达的进谏文书。“疏” 始创于汉代，后世又以“奏疏”作为这类进言文体的总称。“疏”的用途广泛，论谏、劝请、陈情、待罪、推荐、辞官等，均可用“疏”。比较著名的如贾谊的《论积贮疏》、晁错的《论贵粟疏》、诸葛亮的《街亭自贬疏》等。有时私人交往的书信也称为“疏”，如陶渊明的《与子俨等疏》。 5.给加点字注音 浚其泉源（jùn）戒奢以俭（shē）殷忧（yīn）载舟覆舟（zài ） 虑壅蔽（yōng ）黜恶（chù）谬赏（miù）弘兹九德（zī） 二、阅读第一段 1.解释字词 臣闻求木之长者，必固．（形容词使动，使……稳固）其根本 ．．（根）；欲流之远者，必浚．（疏通）其泉源； 思国之安者，必积其德义。源不深而望流之远，根不固而求木之长，德不厚而思国之理，臣虽下愚 ．．（极其愚 昧无知），知其不可，而况于明哲 ．．（明智的人）乎！人君当．（主持、掌握）神器 ．．（指帝位）之重．（重权），居域中之大，将崇．（推崇）极天 ．．（指至高无上的皇权）之峻．（高峻），永保无疆之休．（喜庆，福禄）。不念居安思危，戒奢以俭，德不处其厚，情不胜其欲，斯．（这）亦伐根以求木茂，塞源而欲流长者也。 2.翻译重点语句： 人君当神器之重，居域中之大，将崇极天之峻，永保无疆之休，不念居安思危，戒奢以俭，德不处其厚，情不胜其欲，斯亦伐根以求木茂，塞源而欲流长者也。 国君掌握帝王的重权，处在天地间重要的地位上，就要推崇皇权的高峻，永远保持永无止境的福禄，（如果）不考虑在安逸的环境中想着危难，戒奢侈，行节俭，道德不能保持敦厚，性情不能克制欲望，这也（如同）是砍断树根来求得树木茂盛，堵住源泉却想要泉水流远啊。 3.理解文段大意： （1）本段用了什么论证方法？证明了什么观点？ ①比喻论证 求木之长者，必固其根本；欲流之远者，必浚其泉源；思国之安者，必积其德义。 ②正反对比论证 正面论证：求木长→固根本→欲流远→浚泉源→思国安→积德义； 反面论证：根不固→求木长→源不深→望流远→德不厚→思国安；不念居安思危戒奢以俭（根本、泉源）→伐根求木茂塞源欲流长（国之安、国之治） 不念居安思危，戒奢以俭，德不处其厚，情不胜其欲，斯亦伐根以求木茂，塞源而欲流长者也。 （2）作者认为人君怎样才能治理好国家？（用原文回答） 居安思危，戒奢以俭 三、阅读第二段 1.解释加点字词 凡百 ．．（所有的）元首，承天景．（大）命，莫不殷忧 ．．（深深忧虑）道著 ．．（治道显著），功成而德衰。有善始者实繁，能克．（能够）终者盖．（表示推断，大概）寡。岂取之易而守之难乎？昔取之而有余，今守之而不 足，何也？夫在殷忧，必竭诚 ．．（竭尽诚心）以待下；既得志 ．．（成功），则纵情 ．．（放纵自己的情感）以傲物 ．．（看不起别人）。竭诚则吴越为一体，傲物则骨肉为行路。虽董．（督察）之以严刑，振．（同“震”，威吓）之以威怒，终苟免而不怀仁，貌．（在表面上）恭而不心服。怨不在大，可畏惟人；载舟覆舟，所宜深慎；奔车朽索，其可忽乎！ 2、翻译重点语句： （1）莫不殷忧而道著，功成而德衰。 无不是在深深的忧虑中实现治道显著，但大功告成后品德就开始衰微了。 （2）竭诚则吴越为一体，傲物则骨肉为行路。 竭尽诚心，就会使敌对的势力（和自己）联合，看不起别人，就会使亲骨肉成为毫不相干的陌生人。 （3）虽董之以严刑，振之以威怒，终苟免而不怀仁，貌恭而不心服。 即使用严酷的刑罚督察人民，用威风怒气威吓人民，（人民）最终只是苟且免于刑罚，但并不会怀念皇上的仁德，在表面上恭敬但在内心里却不服气。 3、理解文段大意：（用原文回答） （1）作者认为得天下之君王为何易失人心？ 夫在殷忧，必竭诚以待下；既得志，则纵情以傲物。竭诚则吴越为一体，傲物则骨肉为行路。虽董之以严刑，振之以威怒，终苟免而不怀仁，貌恭而不心服。 （2）作者肯定人民力量的语句是哪句？