2010年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试
上海英语试卷
后二位校验码
号码
考生注意：
1. 本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（第1-12页）和第Ⅱ卷（第13页）两部分。全卷共13页。满分150分。考试时间120分钟。
2. 答第I卷前，考生务必在答题卡上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写学校、班级、姓名和准考证号，并用铅笔在答题卡上正确涂写准考证号。
3. 第I卷（1-16小题，25-80小题）由机器阅卷，答案必须全部涂写在答题卡上。考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用铅笔涂黑。注意试题题号和答题卡编号一一对应，不能错位。答案需要更改时，必须将原选项用橡皮擦去，重新选择。答案不能涂写在试卷上，涂写在试卷上一律不给分。第I卷中的第17-24小题、81-84小题和第II卷的试题，其答案用钢笔或圆珠笔写在答题卡上，如用铅笔答题，或写在试卷上也一律不给分。
第I卷（105分）
I. Listening Comprehension
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
25. Sean has formed the habit of jogging the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day.
A. between
B. along
C. below
D. with
答案：B
考点：考察介词的用法
解析：，根据句意“Sean已经形成了每天沿着绿荫大道慢跑两小时的习惯”，表示“沿着”时，应该选B。
26. It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park. It was journey.
A. three hour
B. a three-hours
C. a three-hour
D. three hours
答案：C
考点：此题考查复合形容词
解析：数词+连字符+名词的用法,连字符连接的词作名词定语且用单数。意为“三小时的路
程”
27. If our parents do everything for us children, we won't learn to depend on
A. themselves
B. them
C. us
D. ourselves
答案：D
考点：本题考查反身代词
解析：主语为we，因此应为ourselves. depend on oneself:自力更生。根据句意，选D。
28. Every few years, the coal workers their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health.
A. are having
B. have
C. have had
D. had had
答案：B
考点：本题考查时态。
解析：根据时间状语every few years,可判断本句应为一般现在时，因此答案选B。
29. ---Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday.
---Oh, you have done it as yesterday was the deadline.
A. must
B. mustn't
C. should
D. shouldn't
答案：C
考点：本题考查的是虚拟语气
解析：。此处表示和过去事实相反的情况，应该用should + have + 过去分词。本来应该做，
而未做
30. In ancient times, people rarely travelled long distances and most farmers only
travelled the local market.
A. longer than
B. more than
C. as much as
D. as far as
答案：D
考点：本题考查介词词组。
解析：根据动词travel可判断此处应填关于路程的介词词组，本题即为as far as。as far as
远到...
31. The church tower which will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished.
A. has restored
B. has been restored
C. is restoring
D. is being restored
答案：D
考点：本题考查被动语态。
解析：Restore意思为修复，而最后一句表明工程还未完成，因此为正在修复中，答案选D.
32. I had great difficulty the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.
A. find
B. found
C. to find
D. finding
答案：D
考点：固定词组
解析：have difficulty(in)doing sth.做某事有困难。
33. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues with her stories.
A. amused
B. amusing
C. to amuse
D. to be amused 答案：A
考点：本题考查非谓语动词。
解析：keep+sb. /sth. +done,根据句意，sb.与它后面的动词成被动关系，故选A.
34. you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.
A. However a serious problem
B. What a serious problem
C. However serious a problem
D. What serious a problem
答案：C
考点：让步状语从句
解析：根据句意“无论你有多么严重的问题，你都应该鼓起勇气面对挑战”，而however表让步时其顺序应是：however + 形容词+ 主语+ 谓语。
however做连接副词，相当于no matter how,后接形容词或副词，意为“无论、不管”，引导让步状语从句，其序为“however+形容词、副词+主语+谓语”。
35. the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.
A. Approaching
B. Approached
C. To approach
D. To be approached
答案：A
考点：本题考查非谓语动词。
解析：考察现在分词作状语，表示正在进行或主动的动作。此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语，因此要注意人称、时态和语态的一致性。
36. One reason for her preference for city life is she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.
A. that
B. how
C. what
D. why
答案：A
考点：此处考查的是同位语从句。
解析：考察that引导同位语从句的用法。此处that不可以省略。
37. When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know .
A. he is entering which lane
B. which lane he is entering
C. is he entering which lane
D. which lane is he entering
答案：B
考点：本题考查宾语从句。
解析：which引导的句子做know的宾语，句子用陈述语序。
38. Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future.
A. on which
B. by which
C. to which
D. from which 答案：C
考点：此处考查的是介词加疑问词引导从句
解析：考察介词+which的用法。=Wind power is an ancient source of energy which\that we may return to in the near future.
39. our manage objects to Tom's joining the club, we shall accept him as
a member.
A. Until
B. Unless
C. If
D. After
答案：B
考点：连词
解析：此句意思是“除非我们经理反对tom加入俱乐部，不然我们都应接受他成为其中一员。”
40. Thai is the only way we can imagine the overuse of water in students'
bathrooms.
A. reducing
B. to reduce
C. reduced
D. reduce
答案：B
考点：此处考查非谓语动词。
解析：此处应该用不定式the way to do sth表示做……的途径、方式。the only way to do……,we can imagine 做定语，前面省略了that.
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
Forests in the northern half of the globe could be growing faster now than they were 200 years ago as a result of climate change, according to a study of trees in eastern America. The trees appear to have faster growth rates due to longer growing seasons and higher concentrations (浓度) of carbon dioxide in the ___41___. Geoffrey Parker, a scientist at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Centre in Edgewater. Maryland, said that the increase ha the rate of growth was unexpected and might be ___42___ to the higher temperatures and longer growing seasons documented in the region. The growth may also be influenced by the significant
, he said.
___43___ in atmospheric CO
2
"We made a list of reasons these forests could be growing faster and then excluded half of them," Dr. Parker said. Their study suggests that northern forests may become
on the climate. increasingly important in ___44___ the influence of man-made CO
2
Dr. Parker and his colleagues have ___45___ out a detailed record of the trees on a(n) ___46___ basis since 1987. They calculated that due to the global warming the forest is producing ___47___ tons of wood each year.
The scientists ___48___ the land with trees at different stages of growth and found that both young and old trees were showing increased growth rate. More than 90 per cent of the tree groups had grown by between two and four times faster than the scientists had ___49___ from estimates of the long-term rates of growth.
【解析】41. F. 此句意思是大气中二氧化碳的浓度加深。
42. G.
43. J. 大气中二氧化碳的增加用increase。
44. H. 根据常识，森林的增加有助于减少二氧化碳对天气的影响。
45. I. carry out 实行，实施。
46. C. on a regular basis: 定期的
47. A. 根据文章大意，可知此处应是产生额外的(additional)木材。
48. E.
49. D.
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
The first attempt of even the most talented artists, musicians, and writers is seldom a masterpiece, If you consider your drafts as dress rehearsals (彩排), or tryouts, revising will seem a natural part of the writing ___50___.
What is the purpose of the dress rehearsals and the out-of-town previews that many Broadway shows go through? The answer is adding, deleting, replacing, reordering, ___51___ revising. Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process.
When Lloyd Webber began writing in 1984, he had in mind a funny, exciting production. However, when Phantom opened in London in 1986, the audience saw a moving psychological love story set to music. The musical had. ___52___ several revisions due, in part, to problems with costuming and makeup(戏服和化妆). For instance, Lloyd Webber ___53___ some of the music because the Phantom's makeup prevented the actor from singing certain sounds.
When you revise, you change aspects of your work in ___54___ to your evolving purpose, or to include ___55___ ideas or newly discovered information.
Revision is not just an afterthought that gets only as much time as you have
at the end of an assignment. ___56___, it is a major stage of the writing process, and writers revise every step of the way. Even your decision to ___57___. topics while prewriting is a type of revising. However. don't make the mistake of skipping the revision stage that follows ___58___. Always make time to become your own ___59___and view your dress rehearsal, so to speak. Reviewing your work in this way can give you ___60___ new ideas.
Revising involves ___61___ the effectiveness and appropriateness of all aspects of your writing, making your purpose more clearly, and refocusing or developing the facts and ideas you present. When you revise, ask yourself the following questions, keeping in mind the audience for whom you are writing: Is my main idea or purpose ___62___ throughout my draft? Do I ever lose sight of my purpose? Have I given my readers all of the ___63___ that is, facts, opinions, inferences --- that they need in order to understand my main idea? Finally, have I included too many ___64___ details that may confuse readers?
50. A. technique B. style C. process D. career
51. A. in particular B. as a result C. for example D. in other words
52. A. undergone B. skipped C. rejected D. replaced
53. A. rewrote B. released C. recorded D. reserved
54. A. addition B. response C. opposition D. contrast
55. A. fixed B. ambitious C. familiar D. fresh
56. A. However B. Moreover C. Instead D. Therefore
57. A. discuss B. switch C. exhaust D. cover
58. A. drafting B. rearranging C. performing D. training
59. A. director B. master C. audience D. visitor
60. A. personal B. valuable C. basic D. delicate
61. A. mixing B. weakening C. maintaining D. assessing
62. A. amazing B. bright C. unique D. clear
63. A. angles B. evidence C. information D. hints
64. A. unnecessary B. uninteresting C. concrete D. final
【文章大意】修改是作品写作过程中非常重要且必须的步骤。文章讲叙了作品修改的目的和途径。
50.答案：C
考点：本题考查名词辨析
解析：参照下文的“Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process.”和“However. don't make the mistake of skipping the revision stage”。名词technique（技术）、style（风格）、career（事业、生涯）都不符题意。本题难度适中。
51.答案：D
考点：本题考查介词短语辨析
解析：前面adding, deleting, replacing, reordering都是revising的方面，所以revising和这些名词同义；介词短语in other words表示“换句话说”。介词短语in particular（尤其、特别表强调）、as a result（因此，表结果）、for example（例如，表举例说明）都不符题意。本题难度适中。
52.答案：A
考点：本题考查动词辨析
解析：动词skip（跳远）、reject（拒绝、抵制）replace（取代）都不符题意。人们观看的是完美的表演，但表演之前作品经历了（undergo）多次修改，与上段的“Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process.”对应。本题难度适中。
53.答案：A
考点：本题考查动词辨析
解析：动词release（释放、赦免、发行）、record（记录、录音）、reserve（保留、预订）都不符题意。动词rewrite表示“重写、修改”，与动词revise同义，与本篇文话题相关。本题难度适中。
54.答案：B
考点：本题考查介词短语辨析
解析：介词短语in addition to表示“而且、除…之外还有”，in opposition to表示“与...的意见相反”，in contrast to表示“与...形成对比”，都与本题不符。in response to（作为对┄的反应）在本句表示“你修改作品是对你想改进作品目的的一种回应”本题难。
55.答案：D
考点：本题考查形容词辨析
解析：fresh ideas 与后面的newly discovered information对应。本题难度适中。
56.答案：B
考点：本题考查副词辨析
解析：副词Moreover（而且）类似与but also表递进含义，与前面句not just（only）呼应。副词However（然而，表转折关系）、Instead（作为替代、反而，表相反含义）、Therefore （因此，表原因）都不符题意。本题难度适中。
57.答案：B
考点：本题考查动词辨析
解析：switch topics（变换标题）属于修改作品的一部分。动词discuss（讨论）、exhaust （汲干、使筋疲力尽）、cover（覆盖、包含）都不符题意。本题难度适中。
58.答案：D
考点：本题考查动名词辨析
解析：名词drafting（起草）、rearranging（重新安排）、performing（表演）都与题意不符。名词training.（培训）在本句表示“排练”，与上文dress rehearsals / tryouts同义。本题难。
59.答案：C
考点：本题考查名词辨析
解析：名词audience（观众）与下句view your dress rehearsal对应。名词director（导演）、master（主人、大师）、visitor（来访者）都与题意不符。本题难度适中。
60.答案：B
考点：本题考查形容词辨析
解析：形容词valuable表示“做自己作品的观众能给你有价值的新信息”。形容词personal（个人的）、basic（基本的）、delicate（娇贵的、纤弱的、精美的）都与题意不符。本题难度适中。
61.答案：A
考点：本题考查动词辨析
解析：动词mix在本句表示“修改就是把作品所有方面的有效性和适当性融合在一起”。本题难。
62.答案：D
考点：本题考查形容词辨析
解析：形容词clear在本句表示“我的文章大意或写作意图是否清晰”，与下文confuse readers对应。形容词amazing（令人惊讶的）、bright（明亮的、聪明的）、unique（独特的）都与题意不符。本题难度适中。
63.答案：C
考点：本题考查名词辨析
解析：后句名称facts、opinions、inferences都属于information，与上句newly discovered information对应。本题难度适中。
64.答案：A
考点：本题考查形容词辨析
解析：形容词unnecessary details表示“多余的信息”反而使读者困惑、误导读者。
形容词uninteresting（单调的、乏味的）、concrete（具体的）、final（最终的、决定性的）都与题意不符。本题难。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
The elephant was lying heavily on its side, fast asleep. A few dogs started barking at it. The elephant woke up in a terrible anger: it chased the dogs into the village where they ran for safety.
That didn't stop the elephant. It destroyed a dozen houses and injured several people. The villagers were scared and angry. Then someone suggested calling Parbati, the elephant princess.
Parbati Barua's father was a hunter of tigers and an elephant tamer. He taught Parbati to ride an elephant before she could even walk. He also taught her the dangerous art of the elephant round-up -- how to catch wild elephants.
Parbati hasn't always lived in the jungle. After a happy childhood hunting with
her father, she was sent to boarding school in the city. But Parbati never got used to being there and many years later she went back to her old fife. "Life in the city is too dull. Catching elephants is an adventure and the excitement lasts for days after the chase," she says.
But Parbati doesn't catch elephants just for fun. "My work," she says, "is to rescue man from the elephants, and to keep the elephants safe from man." And this is exactly what Parbati has been doing for many years. Increasingly, the Indian elephant is angry: for many years, illegal hunters have attacked it and its home in the jungle has been reduced to small pieces of land. It is now fighting back. Whenever wild elephants enter a tea garden or a village, Parbati is called to guide the animals back to the jungle before they can kill.
The work of an elephant tamer also involves love and devotion. A good elephant tamer will spend hours a day singing love songs to a newly captured elephant. "Eventually they grow to love their tamers and never forget them. They are also more loyal than humans," she said, as she climbed up one of her elephants and sat on the giant, happy animal. An elephant princess indeed!
65. For Parbati, catching elephants is mainly to .
A. get long lasting excitement
B. keep both man and elephants safe
C. send them back to the jungle
D. make the angry elephants tame
66. Before Parbati studied in a boarding school, .
A. she spent her time hunting with her father
B. she learned how to sing love songs
C. she had already been called an elephant princess
D. she was taught how to hunt tigers
67. Indian elephants are getting increasingly angry and they revenge because __________.
A. they are caught and sent for heavy work
B. illegal hunters capture them and kill them
C. they are attacked and their land gets limited
D. dogs often bark at them and chase them
68. The passage starts with an elephant story in order to explain that in India _________.
A. people easily fall victim to elephants' attacks
B. the man-elephant relationship is getting worse
C. elephant tamers are in short supply
D. dogs are as powerful as elephants
65. B. 本题为归纳概括题。通读全文可知Parbati 主要是为了保障大象与人之间的安全而驯象的。
66. A. 通读文章后可知她从小与父亲一起在丛林中度过了她的童年，之后才去寄宿学校的。
67. C. 可从文章第四段直接得出答案。
68. B. 逻辑推理题。
(B)
The following card includes a brief summary and a short assessment of a research paper. It can provide a guide for further reading on the topic. 69. The research paper published is primarily concerned with
A. the way of preventing employee turnover
B. methods of improving employee performance
C. factors affecting employee turnover and performance
D. pay structures based on employee performance
Trevor, C. O., Lansford, B. and Black, J. W., 2004, "Employee turnover (人事变更) and job performance: monitoring the influences of salary growth and promotion", Journal of Armchair Psychology, vol. 113, no.1, pp. 56-64.
In this article Trevor et al. review the influences of pay and job opportunities in respect of job performance, turnover rates and employees' job attitude. The authors use data gained through organizational surveys of blue-chip companies in V ancouver, Canada to try to identify the main cause of employee turnover and whether it is linked to salary growth. Their research focuses on assessing a range of pay structures such as pay for performance and organizational reward plans. The article is useful as Trevor et al. suggest that there are numerous reasons for employee turnover and a variety of differences in employees' job attitude and performance. The main limitation of the article is that the survey sample was restricted to mid-level management, thus the authors indicate that further, more extensive research needs to be undertaken to develop a more in-depth understanding of employee turnover and job performance. As this article was published in a professional journal, the findings can be considered reliable. It will be useful additional information for the research on pay structures.
70. As is mentioned in the card, the limitation of the research paper mainly lies in that .
A. the data analysis is hardly reliable
B. the research sample is not wide enough
C. the findings are of no practical value
D. the research method is out-of-date
71. Who might be most interested in this piece of information?
A. Job hunters.
B. Employees in blue-chip companies.
C. Mid-level managers.
D. Researchers on employee turnover.
69. C. 逻辑推理题。通读全文可知这篇文章介绍的是影响人事变更和工作表现的一些因素。
70. B. 从文中“the survey sample was restricted to mid-level management (此次调查只局限于中层管理人员）”可知答案为B。
71. D.
(C)
The 2012 London Olympics had enough problems to worry about. But one more has just been added - a communications blackout caused by solar storms.
After a period of calm within the Sun, scientists have detected the signs of a flesh cycle of sunspots that could peak in 2012, just in time for the arrival of the Olympic torch in London.
Now scientists believe that this peak could result in vast solar explosions that could throw billions of tons of charged matter towards the Earth, causing strong solar storms that could jam the telecommunications satellites and interact links sending five Olympic broadcast from London.
"The Sun's activity has a strong influence on the Earth. The Olympics could be in the middle of the next solar maximum which could affect the functions of communications satellites," said Professor Richard Harrison, head of space physics at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in Oxfordshire.
At the peak of the cycle, violent outbursts called coronal mass ejections (日
冕物质抛射) occur in the Sun's atmosphere, throwing out great quantities of electrically-charged matter. " A coronal mass ejection can carry a billion tons of
solar material into space at over a million kilometres per hour. Such events can expose astronauts to a deadly amount, can disable satellites, cause power failures
on Earth and disturb communications," Professor Harrison added. The risk is greatest during a solar maximum when there is the greatest number of sunspots.
Next week in America, NASA is scheduled to launch a satellite for monitoring
solar activity called the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), which will take images
of the Sun that are 10 times clearer than the most advanced televisions available.
The Rutherford Appleton Laboratory helped to make the high-tech cameras that
will capture images of the solar flares (太阳耀斑) and explosions as they occur.
Professor Richard Hold away, the lab's director, said that the SDO should be
able to provide early warning of a solar flare or explosion big enough to affect satellite communications on Earth "If we have advance warning, we'll be able to reduce the damage. What you don't want is things switching off for a week with no
idea of what's caused the problem," he said.
72. The phrase "communications blackout" in paragraph 1 most probably refers to during the 2012 Olympics.
A. the extinguishing of the Olympic torch
B. the collapse of broadcasting systems
C. the transportation breakdown in London
D. the destruction of weather satellites
73. What can be inferred about the solar activity described in the passage?
A. The most fatal matter from the corona falls onto Earth.
B. The solar storm peak occurs in the middle of each cycle.
C. It takes several seconds for the charged matter to reach Earth.
D. The number of sunspots declines after coronal mass ejections.
74. According to the passage, NASA will launch a satellite to _________.
A. take images of the solar system
B. provide early warning of thunderstorms
C. keep track of solar activities
D. improve the communications on Earth
75. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. Solar Storms: An Invisible Killer
B. Solar Storms: Earth Environment in Danger
C. Solar Storms: Threatening the Human Race
D. Solar Storms: Human Activities to Be Troubled
72. B. 此题线索为第二三段的内容。
73. D.
74. C. 可从文章第六段直接得出答案。
75. D. 通读全文可知整篇文章讨论的是太阳运动所可能会带来的困扰。
Section C
Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each
paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.
Nowadays. millions of people misuse and even overuse pain medications and other drugs. Research by the American National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA, 1999) shows that around 2% of the population over age 12 were using drugs non-medically.
77.
NIDA views medications as a powerful force for good in the contemporary world. They reduce and remove pain for millions of people suffering from illness and disease. They make it possible for doctors to perform complicated surgery to save lives. Many people afflicted by serious medical conditions are able to control their symptoms and become active, contributing citizens. NIDA points out that most individuals who take these drags use them in a responsible.
78.
Nevertheless, overuse of drugs such as opioids, central nervous system (CNS) depressants and stimulants does lead to harmful reliance in some people and is therefore becoming a serious public health concern. Although this abuse affects many people worldwide, particular trends of concern to the medical profession in the US appear among older adults, teenagers arid women.
79.
Though it may be a surprise to many, the misuse of medications may be the most common form of drug abuse among the elderly. Dr Kenneth Schrader of Duke University, North Carolina states that although the elderly represent about 13% of the US population, those aged 65 and over account for the consumption of one third of all drugs. People in this age group use medications roughly three times more than the general population and have poorer compliance with instruction for use. In another study of elderly patients admitted to treatment programs, 70% were women who had overused medicines.
80.
Unfortunately, this trend among women does not only affect those aged over In general, among women and men who are using either an anti-anxiety drug or a
sedative, women are twice as likely to become addicted. In addition, statistics compiled for 12-17 year olds show that teenage girls are more likely than teenage boys to begin overusing psychotherapeutic medication such as painkillers, tranquillizers, stimulants and sedatives.
76. E
77. C.
78. A
79. F
80. D
Section D
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.
Phys ed (physical education) is making a comeback as a part of the school core curriculum(核心课程)， but with a difference. While group sports are still part of the curriculum, the new way is to teach skills that are useful beyond gym class. Instead of learning how to climb a rope, children are taught to lift weights, balance their diets and build physical endurance. In this way，kids are given the tools and skills and experiences so they can lead a physically active life the rest of their life.
Considering that 15 percent of American children 6 to 18 are overweight, supporters say more money and thought must be put into phys ed curriculum. In many cases, that may mean not just replacing the old gym-class model with fitness programs but also starting up phys ed programs because school boards often "put P.E. on the chopping block, cutting it entirely or decreasing its teachers or the days it is offered," says Alicia Moag-Stahlberg, the executive director of Action for Health Kids. The difference in phys ed programs is partly due to the lack of a national standard. "Physical education needs to be part of the core curriculum," she added.
The wisdom of the new approach has some scientific support. Researchers at the University of Wisconsin have demonstrated how effective the fit-for-life model of gym class can be. They observed how 50 overweight children lost more weight when
they cycled and skied cross-country than when they played sports. The researchers also found that teaching sports like football resulted in less overall movement, partly because reluctant students were able to sit on the bench.
Another problem with simply teaching group sports in gym class is that only a tiny percentage of students continue playing them after graduating from high school. The new method teaches sells that translate to adulthood.
(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)
81. In the new P.E. program, children learn to lift weights, balance their diets and build physical endurance rather than ___________________.
82. As for P.E., some school boards either ____________.
83. What are the two problems with simply teaching group sports?
84. What is the long-term benefit of the new P.E program?
【解析】81. learning how to climb a rope.
82. cutting it entirely or decreasing its teachers or time.
83. less overall movement and students' quiting playing after graduation.
84. It can give children a physically active life.
第Ⅱ卷（共45分）
I. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
1.这本杂志花了我20多元。（cost）
2.雨天我总是比平时起得晚。（than）
3.看到奶奶有些睡意，他拉上窗帘并把电视的音量调低了。(turn)
4.乍一看，这块手表没有什么特别之处，但实际上它是一部手机。（there be）
5.我们一致同意一旦得出调查结论，就尽早让公众知晓。（once）
1. This magazine cost me over twenty yuan.
2. I always get up later than usual in rainy days.
3. Seeing Grandmother was sleepy, he drew the curtain together and turned down the TV.
4. There's nothing special about this watch at first sight, but actually it is a mobile phone.
5. We agreed that once the research conclusion was made, it would be made public as soon as possible.
II. Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120 – 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
下图是小学新生的课堂一脚，对照你当时的上课情况，作出比较并谈谈你的感受。你的作文必须包括：
●描述图片里学生上课的场景
●比较你同时期的上课情况
●简单谈谈你的感受
2010年广东省初中毕业生学业考试 英语 说明：1．全卷共10页，考试用时90分钟(其中听力考试约15分钟)，满分为120分 中听力部分30分)。 2．答题前考生必须将自己的姓名、准考证号按要求填写在密封线左边的空格内，并将姓名和准考证号写、涂在答题卡指定位置上。 3．试卷分试题和答卷，4个选项以下(含4个选项)的选择题答案在答题卡上作答超过4个选项的选择题和非选择题的答案在答卷上作答，写在试题上的答案 无效 4．使用答题卡作答，必须用规定的铅笔将答题卡上对应的小题所选的选项涂黑。 5．非选择题须用黑色或蓝色字迹的钢笔、圆珠笔按各题要求答在答卷上，不能用铅笔和红笔。 6．考试结束时，将试题、答卷和答题卡一并交回。 笔试部分 二、单项填空。（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分。） 26．Look! The kites in the sky are in different ___ . Some are big and some are small. A．size B．sizes C．color D．colors 27．Don’t talk to Simon like that. He is just ___ eleven-year-old boy. A. a B. an C. the D. / 28．My father is ill in bed. I have to look after ___ at home. A. he B. his C. him D. himself 29. ___ you___ your brother can join us. We want one of you. A. Both; and B. Neither; nor C. Either; or D. Not only; but also 30. This is Mr. White’s ___ visit to Beijing. He has been there twice before. A. two B. second C. there D. third 31. Louis ___ computer games when her brother phoned her. A. plays B. playing C. has played D. was playing 32. Connie arrived ___ the village ___ a snowy night. A. at;on B. at;in C. in;at D. in;on 33．——How are you feeling today? ——Much ___ ．I can go to school next week． A．good B．better C．best D．well 34．——We can use QQ to chat with each other on the Internet． ——Really? Will you please show me ___ it? A．how to use B．what to use C．how can I use D．what can I use 35．Robert with his two kids ___ to the beach for vacation every year． A．go B．goes C．went D．are going
2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（重庆卷） 英语 英语试题卷共16页。满分150分。考试时间120分钟。 一、听力（共三节，满分30分） 做题时，请先将答案划在试题卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试题卷上的答案转涂或转填到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分） 请听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试题卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt？ A. 19. 15. b. 9. 15. c. 9. 18. 答案是B。 1. What color does the woman like best? A. Red. B. Green. C. Blue. 2. Who borrowed the book? A. Jane. B. Tom. C. Peter. 3. Where does the conversation most probably take place? A. In a restaurant. B. In a flower shop. C. At a concert. 4. What is the conversation mainly about? A. The woman’s job. B. The woman’s study. C. The woman’s hobby. 5. What does the woman mean? A. The man should help himself. B. The man may use the phone. C. The man should sit at the table.
绝密★启用前 2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英语 本试卷共150分，共14页。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 注意事项： 1.答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在条形码区域内。 2.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑字迹的签字笔书写，字 体工整，笔迹清楚。 3.请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，学&科网超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。 4.作图可先用铅笔画出，确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。 5.保持卡面清洁，不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案，听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话尽读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? 答案是C。 1What will the woman do this afternoon? A Do some exercise B Go shopping C Wash her clothes 2Why does the woman call the man? A To cancel a flight B To make an apology C To put off a meeting 3 How much more does David need for the car? A $ 5,000 B$20,000 C $25,000 4 What is Jane doing? A Planning a tour BCalling her father CAsking for leave 5 How does the man feel?
2010年苏州市初中毕业暨升学考试试卷 英语 一、选择填空(共25小题；每小题1分。满分25分) A) 单项填空从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．1．—Wow! You’we got so many skirts． —But________ of them are in fashion now． A．all B．both C．neither D．none 2．The earthquake which happened in Yushu________ 14th April 2010 was a big disaster． A．at B．on C．in D．to 3．I can________ be a nurse．I’m not a very patient person． A．seldom B．ever C．never D．always 4．—Do you know if Cindy wilt drive to Italy this weekend? —Cindy? Never! She driving． A．has hated B．hated C．will hate D．hates 5．We can have_______ bluer sky if we create________ less polluted world． A．a；a B．a；the C．the；a D．the；the 6．—I wonder_______ you’ll water this kind of tree． —Once a week． A．how often B．how long C．how soon D．how much 7．—Maggie，I really love your handwriting． —________． A．I practice every day B．Thank you very much C．No，I don’t think so D．Well，it’s not good enough 8．—What do you think of the film“Avatar”? —________． —It’s fantastic．The only pity is that I________ the beginning of it． A．missed B．was missing C．miss D．will miss 9．________of the land in that district________ covered with trees and grass． A．Two fifths；is B．Two fifth；are C．Two fifth；is D．Two fifths；are 10．Eric’s never seen a three-D movie at the cinema，_______? A．hasn’t he B．has he C．isn’t he D．is he 11．We’ll visit Expo 2010 Shanghai this Sunday_______ it rains or it’s very hot． A．since B．if C．unless D．until 12．—I don’t care what my teachers think． —Well，you________． A．could B．would C．should D．might 13．—Why don’t we take a little break?
2010高考真题精品解析--英语（重庆卷） 本试卷共12页，四大题，满分150分。考试用时120分钟。 一、听力（共两节，满分35分） 做题时，请先将答案划在试题卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试题卷上的答案转涂或转填到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分） 请听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试题卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt？ A. ￡19. 15. B ￡9. 15. C. ￡9. 18. 答案是B。 1. What color does the woman like best? A. Red. B. Green. C. Blue. 2. Who borrowed the book? A. Jane. B. Tom. C. Peter. 3. Where does the conversation most probably take place? A. In a restaurant. B. In a flower shop. C. At a concert. 4. What is the conversation mainly about? A. The woman’s job. B. The woman’s study. C. The woman’s hobby. 5. What does the woman mean? A. The man should help himself. B. The man may use the phone. C. The man should sit at the table. 第二节（共12小题；每小题1. 5分，满分18分） 请听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试题卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 请听第6段材料，回答第6至8题。 6. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a school. B. At a bus stop. C. In a hospital. 7. How long has the man learned English? A. Two months. B. Five months. C. Nine months. 8.What is the relationship between the two speakers? A. Strangers. B. Friends. C. Couple. 请听第7段材料，回答第9至11题。 9. What did the woman plan to do at first? A. Study at the library. B. Walk in the park. C. Go to the cinema. 10.When does the movie start? A. At 8:15. B At 8:30. C. At 8:50.
2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷1） 英语 （考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分） 注意事项： 1.本试卷由四个部分组成。其中，第一、二部分和第三部分的第一节为选择题。第三部分的第二节和第四部分为非选择题。 2.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 3.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 4.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分) 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. ￡ 19. 15. B. ￡ 9. 18. C. ￡ 9. 15. 答案是C。 1.What does the woman think of the movie? A.It’s amusing B.It’s exciting C.It’s disappointing 2.How will Susan spend most of her time in France? A. Traveling around B.Studying at a school C.Looking after her aunt 3.What are the speakers talking about? A. Going out B.Ordering drinks C.Preparing for a party 4.Where are the speakers? A.In a classroom B.In a library C.In a bookstore 5.What is the man going to do ?
海南省2010年初中毕业生学业考试 英语科试题 （全卷满分110分，考试时间100分钟） 特别提醒： 1. 选择题用2B铅笔填涂，其余答案一律用黑色笔填写在答题卡上，写在试题卷上无效。 2. 答题前请认真阅读试题及有关说明。 3. 请合理分配答题时间。 第二部分英语知识运用（共两大题，满分25分） V．选择填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分） 从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项。 21. I am good at playing _______ basketball. A. a B. the C. / 22. Rose is ill, so she has to go to the _______. A. hospital B. museum C. station 23. ______April 14 th, 2010, a terrible earthquake(地震) happened in Yushu, Qinghai Province. A. In B. At C. On 24. —Let’s go _________. —Great! I’d like to relax myself in the water. A. skating B. swimming C. climbing 25. It’s a nice house, _______it doesn’t have a garden. A. and B. or C. but 26. They are going to see the movie Avatar(阿凡达). Why not ________ them? A. to join B. join C. joining 27. The workers are _______ because their boss hasn’t paid them for months. A. angry B. happy C. satisfied 28. —Is Nancy knocking at the door? —No, it ________ be Nancy. She has gone to Guangzhou. A. can’t B. mu stn’t C. won’t 29. —Shall we go to the fashion show tomorrow? — ________ A. Thank you. B. Good idea. C. It’s very kind of you. 30. The English song ________ very nice. Can you guess who is singing? A. smells B. tastes C. sounds 31. —Peter, I haven’t seen you for a long time. —Oh, I _______ a book these days. A. am writing B. have written C. wrote 32. Lily, can you speak more loudly? I can ________hear you. A. almost B. hardly C. nearly 33. —It’s cold today. You’d better ________ your sweater. —OK, I will. A. put on B. turn on C. get on 34. In order to keep our students safe, strangers ________before entering the school yard.
重庆市高考英语试题及 答案 文档编制序号：[KK8UY-LL9IO69-TTO6M3-MTOL89-FTT688]
年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（重庆卷） 英语试题卷 英语试题卷共16页。满分150分。考试时间120分钟。 注意事项： 1.答题前，务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡规定的位置上。 2.答选择题时，必须使用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。 3.答非选择题时，必须使用毫米黑色签字笔，将答案写在答题卡规定的位置上。 4.所有题目必须在答题卡上作答，在试题卷上答题无效。 5.考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。 一、听力（共三节，满分30分） 做题时，请先将答案划在试题卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试题卷上的答案转涂或转填到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题分，满分分） 请听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt A.￡ B.￡9.15 C.￡ 答案是B。
old is the girl .8 C 2 . Where does the conversation most probably take place A In a bank B In a store C In a library .3. How will the two spekers travel A By bus B By car C By train 4. What are the two speakers talking about A Their work B Their manager C Their meeting 5. What is the woman’s problem A She is thirsy B She is sick C She is tired 第二节（共12小题；每小题分，满分18分） 请听下面4端对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅
秘密★2010年6月21日 2010年武汉市初中生毕业学业考试 英语试卷 ___________________________________________________ 亲爱的同学，在你答题前，请认真阅读下面以及“答卷”上的注意事项： 1．本试卷由第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分组成。全卷共10页，七大题，满分120分。考试时间120分钟。 2．答题前，请将你的姓名、准考证号填写在“答卷”相应位置，并在“答卷”背面左上角填写姓名和准考证号后两位。 3．答第I卷（选择题）时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把“答卷”上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案。不得答在“试卷”上。 4．第II卷（非选择题）用0.5毫米黑色笔迹签字笔书写在“答卷”上。答在“试卷”上无效。 预祝你取得优异成绩！ 第I卷（选择题，共85分） 第一部分听力部分 一、听力测试（共三节，满分25分） 第一节（共6小题，每小题1分，满分6分） 听下面6个问题。每个问题后有三个答语。从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每个问题后，你都有5秒钟的时间来作答和阅读下一个小题。每个问题仅读一遍。 1. A. A map. B. White colour. C. Very tall. 2. A. Kind and friendly. B. Very late. C. In the room. 3. A. Lovely B. At 8:00 am C. Football 4. A. She is shy. B. She is Ann. C. She is twenty. 5. A. At night. B. With my parents. C. Interesting. 6. A. In the sky. B. The bigger one. C. Quite well. 第二节（共6小题，每小题1分，满分6分） 听下面6段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间的来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 7. How are the shoes according to the woman? A. Too small. B. Just so-so. C. Pretty nice.
绝密★启用前 2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（重庆卷） 英语 本试卷共12页，四大题，满分150分。考试用时120分钟。 一、听力（共两节，满分35分） 做题时，请先将答案划在试题卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试题卷上的答案转涂或转填到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分） 请听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试题卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt？ A.￡19. 15. B ￡9. 15. C.￡9. 18. 答案是B。 1. What color does the woman like best? A. Red. B. Green. C. Blue. 2. Who borrowed the book? A. Jane. B. Tom. C. Peter. 3. Where does the conversation most probably take place? A. In a restaurant. B. In a flower shop. C. At a concert. 4. What is the conversation mainly about? A. The woman’s job. B. The woman’s study. C. The woman’s hobby. 5. What does the woman mean? A. The man should help himself. B. The man may use the phone. C. The man should sit at the table. 第二节（共12小题；每小题1. 5分，满分18分） 请听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试题卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 请听第6段材料，回答第6至8题。 6. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a school. B. At a bus stop. C. In a hospital. 7. How long has the man learned English? A. Two months. B. Five months. C. Nine months. 8.What is the relationship between the two speakers? A. Strangers. B. Friends. C. Couple. 请听第7段材料，回答第9至11题。 9. What did the woman plan to do at first? A. Study at the library. B. Walk in the park. C. Go to the cinema. 10.When does the movie start? A. At 8:15. B At 8:30. C. At 8:50. 11. Where are the two speakers going to meet?
2018年重庆市高考英语试卷 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共4小题；每小题6分，满分30分）阅读下列短文， 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 1. Summer Activities Students should read the list with their parents/carers, and select two activities they would like to do． Forms will be available in school and online for them to indicate their choices and return to school． Before choices are finalised, parents/carers will be asked to sign to confirm their child's choices． （1）Which activity will you choose if you want to go camping？________ A.WBP． B.OUT． C. F.POT．． D.CR （2）What will the students do on Tuesday with Mrs． Wilson？________ A.See a parade and fireworks． B.Travel to London． C.Visit the WWI battlefields．． D.Tour Central Paris．（3）How long does Potty about Potter last？________ A.Four days． B.Two days． C.One week． D.Five days． 2. Many of us love July because it's the month when nature's berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels form British Columbia's fields are little power houses of nutritional protection. Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein（蛋白质）, iron and zinc（not that fruits have much protein）. Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants（抗氧化物质）. The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries（樱桃）, they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C. When combined with berries of slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat "ice cream". For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer. If you have a juicer you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a "soft-serve" creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children's party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below. （1）What does the author seem to like about cherries? A.They are high in vitamin A. B.They contain protein. C.They are rich in antioxidants. D.They have a pleasant taste. （2）Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas? A.To keep their colour. B.To make them smell better. C.To improve their nutrition. D.To speed up their ripening. （3）What is "a juicer" in the last paragraph? A.A drink. B.A dessert. C.A machine. D.A container. （4）From which is the text probably taken? A.A health magazine. B.A biology textbook.
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(重庆卷) 英语试题卷 英语试题卷共10页。满分120分。考试时间l00分钟。 注意事项： I．答题前，务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡规定的位置上。 2．答选择题时，必须使用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡 皮擦擦干净后，再迭涂其它答案标号。 3．答非选择题时，必须使用毫米黑色签字笔，将答案书写在答题卡规定的位置上。 4．所有题目必须在答题卡上作答，在试题卷上答题无效。 5．考试结束后，将试题卷和答题卡一并交回。 一、单项埴空(共L‘小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 请从A、B、c、D四个选项中，选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项，井在答属卡上将该选项的 标号涂黑。例:A computer can only do __ you have instructed it to do. A. how B. after C. what D. when 答案是 C。 1. A smile costs ____ . but gives much. A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything 2. -- Why not stay here a little longer -- ____. but I really have to go. A. Never mind B. I'd love to C. Pleased to meet you D. I can't find any reason 3. I've ordered some pizza, so we ____ worry about cooking when we get home tired. A. can't B. dare not C, needn't D. may not 4. You'd better write down her phone number before you ____ it. A. forget B. are forgetting c. forgot D. will forget 5. The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras_____ to our shop for quality problems. A. returning B. returned C. to return D. to be returned 6. I can't tell you __ way to the Wilson's because we don't have ___ Wilson here in the village. A. the; a B. a; / C. a: the D. the; / 7. She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went ____ the road. A. on B. along C. from, D. off 8. James has just arrived, but I didn't know he ____ until yesterday.
重庆市2017高考英语阅读理解选编（12） 阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。 (2013·苏锡常镇四市二调，C) Global Positioning Systems are now a part of everyday driving in many countries. These satellitebased systems provide turnbyturn directions to help people get to where they want to go. But they can also cause a lot of problems, sending you to the wrong place or leave you completely lost. Many times, the driver is to blame. Sometimes a GPS error is responsible. Most often, says Barry Brown, it is a combination of the two. Barry Brown is with the Mobile Life Centre in Stockholm, Sweden. The center studies humancomputer interaction, or HCI, especially communications involving wireless devices. We spoke to Mr Brown by Skype. He told us about an incident involving a friend who had flown to an airport in the eastern United States. There he borrowed a GPSequipped car to use during his stay. Barry Brown：“And they just plugged in an address and then set off to their destination.” And, then it wasn't until they w ere driving for thirty minutes that they realized they had put in a destination back on the West Coast where they lived. They actually put their home address in. So again, the_GPS_is_kind_of_“garbage_in_garbage_out”． Mr Brown says this is a common human error. But, he says, what makes the problem worse has to do with some of the shortcomings, or failures, of GPS equipment. Barry Brown：“One problem with many GPS units is they have a very small screen and they just tell you the next turn. Because they just give you the next turn, sometimes that means that it is not really giving you the overview that you would need to know that it's going to the wrong place.” Barry Brown formerly served as a professor with the University of California, San Diego. While there, he worked on a project with Eric Laurier from the University of Edinburgh. The two men studied the effects of GPS devices on driving by placing cameras in people's cars. They wrote a paper based on their research. It is called “The Normal, Natural Troubles of Driving with GPS.” Barry Brown: “One of the things that struck us, perhaps the most important thing was that you have to know what you're doing when you use a GPS. There are these new skills that people have developed. There are these new competencies that you need to have to be able to use a GPS because they sometimes go wrong.” Barry Brown says this goes against a common belief that GPS systems are for passive drivers who lack navigational (导航) skills. “The Normal, Natural Troubles of Driving with GPS” lists several areas where GPS systems can cause confusion for drivers. These include maps that are outdated, incorrect or difficult to understand. They also include timing issues related to when GPS commands are given. Barry Brown says to make GPS systems better we need a better understanding of how drivers, passengers and GPS systems work together. 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。GPS全球定位系统可以帮助人们找到想去的地方，但GPS也会