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2000年10月TOEFL语法笔记

2000年10月TOEFL语法笔记
2000年10月TOEFL语法笔记

2000年10月TOEFL语法笔记

编委:遥飞

审委:水妖

1. The role of the ear is ____ acoustic disturbances into neural signals suitable for transmission to the brain.

(A) to code

(B) so that coded

(C) coded

(D) it coding

Key:A

分析:考点是表语成分。be要么作系动词后接表语,表语通常是由名词,形容词,不定式等;要么作助动词后接分词(过分,现分)。而这题是一个简单句不定式在这里表目的。答案A。

(B)so that 应该接从句,可是它后面却没有主语,错;

(C)过分表被动,后面不能直接名词,错;

(D) 如果be后面接句子,则其没有谓语动词,错。

参考译文:耳朵的任务就是将听觉的刺激译成大脑可以传输的神经信号。

2. The imagist movement in poetry arose during the second decade of the twentieth century ____against romanticism.

(A) when a revolt

(B) as a revolt

(C) a revolt was

(D) that a revolt

Key:B

分析:考点是状语成分。空格前面是一个简单句,结构完整,而as a revolt在这里是状语,“作为……”,答案A。

(A)when

(C)是个句子却没有引导词,错;

(D)同理A。

参考译文:在诗坛上意象派运动起源于二十世纪二十年代,作为对浪漫主义的一种对抗。

3. Virtually ____ species have biological clocks that regulate their metabolism over

a 24-hour period.

(A) all there are

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(B) all

(C) all are

(D) they all

Key:B

分析:考点是定语成分。经分析,空格后面主谓完整,缺的是主语的修饰语,答案B。all 限定主语的范围,表所有的。

(A)多余的主谓

(C)同A理

(D)主语重复,they不知道所指,D错。

参考译文:事实上,所有的种群都有规范他们24小时新陈代谢的生物钟.

4. According to United States criminal law, insanity may relieve a person from the usual legal consequences____.

(A) what his or her acts have

(B) of his or her acts are

(C ) of his or her acts

(D) what of his or her acts

Key:C

分析:考点是定语成分。这是一个简单句,空格中要填的是对consequences修饰的定语,表示他或她的行为。答案A,acts作名词“行为,动作”。

(A)what不能引导定语从句,错;

(B)of 引导的介词短语,而不能引导句子,错;

(D)同理A。

参考译文:根据美国刑法,神志不清可能会使一个人相对于他或她行为通常的法律后果获得减轻。

5.In addition to ____a place where business deals are made, a stock exchange collects statistics, publishes prices quotations, and sets rules and standards for trading.

(A) being

(B) it is

(C ) that which

(D) where is

Key:A

分析:考点是宾语成分。in addition to是介词短语,之后是接名词或者名词短语,而不能是从句。此处是动名词做介词宾语。答案A。

(B)介词后面不能接句子,错;

(C)that 和which均为引导词,不能连用;

(D)同理B。

参考译文:除了作为交易成交的地点外,股票交易所还收集数据,公布报价单和设立

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交易规则和标准.

6. The first inhabitants of the territories ____Canada came across the Bering Strait and along the edge of the Arctic ice.

(A) make up that now

(B) make up now that

(C) that make up now

(D) that now make up

Key:D

分析:考点是语序。空格前后已经有了主谓,空格修饰territories,答案D,定语从句。

并且一般时间副词放在谓语之前。

参考译文:生活在如今加拿大领土上的第一批居民们曾沿着北极圈的边缘穿越了白令海峡。

7. ____ need for new schools following the Second World War that provided the sustained thrust for the architectural program in Columbus, Indiana.

(A) Since the

(B) To be the

(C) The

(D) It was the

Key:D

分析:考点是强调句型。句子缺主谓,空格就是了。答案D,it is 。。that强调句型,

强调的是句子主语。

参考译文:就是第二次世界大战后对新校园的需求,为Columbus和Indiana地区的建

筑项目提供了稳定持续的迅猛增长势头。

8. The soybean contains vitamins, essential minerals, ____high percentage of protein.

(A) a

(B) and a

(C) since a

(D) of which a

Key:B

分析:考点是平行结构。vitamins,essential minerals,high percentage of protein构

成并列的平行结构,必须用and来连接最后两个,这是各地语言表达的规范。就像中文

中“XX, YY和ZZ”,如此说一样。答案B。

(A)(C)(D)均无法构成并列结构。

参考译文:Soybean包含着维他命,基本的矿物质,以及高蛋白。

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9. Hail is formed when a drop of rain is carried by an updraft to an altitude where ____ to freeze it.

(A) is the air cold enough

(B) the air cold enough

(C) the cold enough air

(D) the air is cold enough

Key:D

分析:考点是主谓结构和语序。这是个定语从句,修饰altitude。空格处应该是从句的主谓,答案D,只有它结构完整,顺序正确。

(A)where引导的句子没有主语,错

(B)缺谓语,错

(C)同上理。

参考译文:当雨滴被上升气流带到一定高度,那儿空气足够冷到使雨滴结冰,这时冰雹就形成了。

10.Geometrically, the hyperbolic functions are related to the hyperbola, ____ the trigonometric functions are related to the circle.

(A) just as

(B) same

(C) similar to

(D) and similar

Key:A

分析:考点是连词用法。空格前后是两个完整结构的句子,空格处应该填一个连词,连接这两个句子。答案A,as可做连词。

(B)(C)(D)均无法连接句子,错。

参考译文:从几何学的角度来看,双曲线函数是和双曲线密切相关的,就像三角函数是与圆的关系那样。

11.____, Kilauea is one of the world’s most active volcanoes, having erupted dozens of times since 1952.

(A) The big island of Hawaii’s locatio n

(B) Locates the big island of Hawaii

(D) On the big island of Hawaii’s location

Key:C

分析:考点是状语成分。空格后是一个完整的句子,因此空格处应该是一个状语。答案C,过分短语做状语,表被动,其逻辑主语是后面的Kilauea。

(A)名词短语不能做状语,错;

(B)有谓语却没有主语,错;

(D)Hawaii 后的location多余。

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参考译文:坐落于Hawaii最大的岛屿上的K是世界上最活跃的火山之一,自从1952

年起喷发了许多次。

12.Not until the eighteenth century ____ the complex chemistry of metallurgy.

(A) when scientists began to appreciate

(B) did scientists begin to appreciate

(C )scientists who were beginning to appreciate

(D) the appreciation of scientists began

Key:B

分析:考点是倒装结构。一般not until提前,句子倒装。答案B。倒装是T中的常靠题型,经常出现在10题以后。

参考译文:直到18世纪,科学家才开始认识到冶金学复杂的特性。

13.____ 1810, water-powered textile manufacturing arrived in New Hampshire with the founding of a company in Manchester that manufactured cotton and wool.

(A) Early

(B) In the early

(C ) As early as

(D) When early

Key:C

分析:考点是状语成分。逗号后面是个完整的句子,所有前面的只能是个状语。答案C,介词短语作状语。

(A)如果early是形容词,形容词不能做状语, 除非是in early 1810;如果它是副词,也不能和时间连用。除非是early in 1810.

(B)在具体的年前一般不加the, in the 1997没有这样的说法。除非是一个阶段,比如in the 1970’s,所以B不对;

(D)when应该接从句,可此处却没有主谓语。也不可能是省略掉了主谓,因为它在

句首。错。

参考译文:早在1810,水力纺织制造业就随着大量制造棉花和毛料的一家曼彻斯特的公司的成立来到了NH。

14.The settings of Welty’s stories may be rather limited, but ____about human nature is quite broad.

(A) exposes

(B) exposes that

(C) she exposes

(D) what she exposes

Key:D

分析:考点是主语成分。空格前是but,说明连接的是两个句子,并且后面的句子有谓

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语,则空格要填的是主语。答案D,what引导的主语从句作句子主语。

(A)动词不能作主语,错;

(B)同理

(C)后面已经有谓语了,C中再出现谓语,错。

参考译文:EW故事的背景可能比较有限,但她关于人类本性的表述却是相当广泛的。

15.Lichens grow extremely well in very cold parts of the world ____ plants can survive.

(A) where few other

(B) few others

(C ) where do few others

(D) there are few others

Key:A

分析:考点是定语从句。空格前主谓完整,空格处应该填的是parts的修饰语。答案A,定语从句。

(B)如果引导词是where, when等,是不能省略的,因为它们都是做状语的。只

有做宾语的时引导词才可以省掉。

(C)定语从句是不用倒装的,错

(D)there引导的句子是不可做定语的,错。

参考译文:地衣植物在一些世界上非常寒冷的地方也能生长的非常好,那些地方几乎没

有植物可以存活。

16.The pear tree has simple, oval leaves that are smoother and shinier than

A B C

them of the apple.

D

Key:D

分析:考点是代词的用法。在比较级中必须用that , those来替代,而不能用宾格them。改正:them those

参考译文:梨树有着简单而椭圆的叶子,它的叶子与苹果的相比要更光滑,更有光泽度。

17.In the orbit of a planet around the Sun, the point closest to the Sun is called it

A B C D

the perihelion.

Key:D

分析:考点是重复。当call的意思是“被叫做,称呼”的时候,后面直接跟称呼的名称,例:He is called XX。所以it多余了。

注意:其实这是接双宾语的动词通用的,被动时,间接宾语接在过分后面。而只接单宾

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语的动词,其过分后面是不能接宾语的。

改正:called it → called

参考译文:在行星围绕太阳的轨道中,距离太阳最近的点被称为近日点。

18.In the early 1900’s, Roy Harris created and promoted a distinctly American

A B

style of classical music and greatly influenced a number of composer in the United

C D

States.

Key:D

分析:考的是名词的单复数。a number of后面接复数名词。

改正:composer → composers

参考译文:早在19世纪10年代,RH就在古典音乐界倡导并提出一种值得注意的美式风格,并且极大的影响了美国的许多作曲家。

19.The eighteenth century witnessed the emergence of North American ports,

A

particular Boston, New York, and Philadelphia, as major commercial centers within

B C D the British empire.

Key:B

分析:考点是副词的用法。副词才能做状语,particular并不是当修饰后面的B,NY and P的。这是一个省略句,完整的应该是:which particularly are Boston, New York, and Philadelphia。

改正:particular → particularly

参考译文:18C目睹了北美港口的出现,尤其是Boston, New York和Philadelphia,它们作为英帝国的主要商业中心。

20.Guitarlike instruments have exist since ancient times, but the first written

A B

mention of the guitar itself is from the fourteenth century.

C D

Key:A

分析:考点是动词的形式的错用。这是现在完成时,助动词have后要用过分形式。

改正:exist → existed

参考译文:吉他作为一个乐器从古时候就存在了,但是直到14C关于吉他自身的记录才第一次出现。

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21.The law of biogenesis is the principle what all living organisms are derived

A B C

from a parent or parents.

D

Key:B

分析:考点是同谓语从句。同谓语从句,得用that 引导.

改正:what → that

参考译文:生源论的法则是一个准则,那就是所有的活着的有机体都是起源与一个单亲

或双亲。

22.Onyx is a mineral that can be recognized its regular and straight parallel

A B

bands of white, black, or brown.

C D

Key:A

分析:考点是动词语态。过去分词后面不能直接接宾语,除非是可以接双宾语的,但是

比较少见。加一个介词by, 表示方式手段,通过…….

改正:recognized its → recognized by its

参考译文:Onyx是一种可以通过规则直又平的夹层带来识别的矿物,通常夹层带是白色,黑色或者褐色。

23.There are as many as 200 million insects for every human beings, and in fact

A B

their total number exceed that of all other animals taken together.

C D

Key:B

分析:考点是名词的单复数。在every之后要接名词单数。

改正:human beings → human being

参考译文:昆虫数量是人的2亿倍,事实上它们的总数超过了其他所有的动物数量之和。

24.Native to South America and cultivated there for thousands of years, the

A B

peanut is said to have introduced to North America by early explorers.

C D

Key:D

分析:考点是动词的语态。由句意,peanut是被introduced的,表示被动,要用被动

语态。

改正:have introduced → have been introduced

参考译文:原生于南美并在那被种植了大约1000年的时间,那些花生据说是由早期的

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开拓者带到北美的。

25.Originally canoes were made by the hollowing out of logs and used were for

A B C combat as well as transport.

D

Key:C

分析:考点是动词语态。被动语态的语序应该是be + 动词分词。

改正:used were → were used

参考译文:最初,独木舟是由挖空的圆木制成,并且被用在战争和交通中。

26.Among the symptoms of measles, which takes about twelve days to

A B incubate , are a high fever, swelling of glands in the neck, a cough, and sensitive to

C D

light.

Key:D

分析:考点是平行结构。平行结构由sensitive前面的fever swelling, cough一起构成,为保持一致,要用名词形式。

改正:sensitive → sensitivity

参考译文:高烧,脖子上的腺肿大,对光敏感是麻疹的症状,这病需要12天形成。

27.Ice crystals in a glacier tends to melt and recrystallize within a brief moment

A B C D

of travel on a downhill glide.

Key:A

分析:考点主谓一致。因为主语是ice crystals是复数,所以动词不能加s,不是三人称单数。

改正:tends → tend

参考译文:冰川中的冰结晶易于在向下滑动的一瞬间融化并再凝结。

28.Photograph was revolutionized in 1851 by the introduction of the collodion

A B C

process for making glass negatives.

D

Key:A

分析:考点词的误用。photograph是相片的意思,只有photography才是摄影术的意思。由句意,此处应该是摄影术之意。

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改正:photograph → photography

参考译文:1851年,摄影术由于制作光学底片的火棉胶法传入而发生了巨大的革新。

29.The piano is a stringed musical instrument in which the strings are strike by

A B C

felt-covered hammers controlled by a key board.

D

Key:C

分析:考点是动词的语态。在系动词后表示被动时,动词应该用其过去分词形式。strike 的动词过去式和分词都是struck。

改正:strike → struck

参考译文:钢琴是一种弦乐乐器,它的弦是被键盘控制的毡制槌打击而发出声响的。

30.The sounds used in human languages to create meaning consist of small

A B

variations in air pressure can be sensed by the ear.

C D

Key:C

分析:考点是定语从句。只有当先行词在从句中做宾语时关系代词(that, which)才方可省略,作主语不行。Air pressure是从句的主语,所以which不能省掉。

改正:pressure can → pressure which can

参考译文:用于人类语言有意义的声音由能被耳朵所感知的气压的微小变化所组成。

31.The mountains, especially the Rocky Mountains, formerly constituted a

A

seriously barrier to east-west trade in British Columbia.

B C D

Key:B

分析:考点是词性的误用。副词是不能修饰名词的,必须用形容词。

改正:seriously → serious

参考译文:山脉,尤其是洛基山脉,从前在British Columbia形成了一道对东西贸易的危险屏障。

32.T elescopes are frequently used in astronomy to collect light from a celestial

A B

object, bring the light into focus, and producing a magnified image.

C D

Key:D

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分析:考点是平行结构。D选项前面的两个并列体分别是collect、bring,为了保持一致,它也应该是动词原型,与前面的to一块构成第三个不定式。

改正:producing → produce

参考译文:望远镜常在天文学中用于收集天体的光线,使其聚焦,并制作放大的图片。

33.Diamond is the hardest known substance, so diamonds can be cut only by

A B C

another diamonds.

D

Key:D

分析:考点是名词复数。Other + 复数可数名词,another + 名词单数。此题后面的名词主题是复数,可见前面应该是other。

改正:another → other

参考译文:钻石是已知物体中最坚硬的,因此它只能被另一块钻石所切割。

34.There are about 350 species and subspecies of birds in danger of become

A B extinct, with a large number of them, 117 in all, found on oceanic islands.

C D

Key:B

分析:考点是动名词。及物动词和介词后面如果需要直接接动词,动词必须用其动名词形式。

改正:become → becoming

参考译文:大约有350种鸟及其亚种濒临灭绝,其中很大数量,一共有117种之多是在海岛上发现的。

35.The nineteenth-century romantic movement in art was partially a reaction to

A B

what was perceived as overemphasis on reasonable and order in neoclassicism.

C D

Key:D

分析:order 构成并列,所以应该是名词。又前面的介词on 也可以得知。

改正:reasonable → reason

参考译文:19世纪艺术上的浪漫主义运动是部分对在新古典主义中过分强调理智和秩序认识的反映。

36.Like triglycerides, cholesterol is a type of fat that is both consumed in the diet

A B C

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12 but manufactured by the body.

D

Key :D

分析:考点是固定搭配。both ……and 词组,句子之前有个both ,不能接but 改正:but → and

参考译文:就像甘油三酸酯一样,胆固醇是一种在饮食中消耗但同时也由身体自己产生的脂肪。

37.Both the United States silver dollar and half-dollar, first minted in 1794, had a A B C

figure of Liberty on one side and a eagle on the reverse side.

D

Key :D

分析:考点是不定冠词用法。以元音音标....

开头的名词前必须用an 。 改正:a eagle → an eagle

参考译文:美国1974年首次铸造的银制dollar 和half-dollar 上都是在一面上有象征自由的图形,而在另一面则是只老鹰。

38.For an advertisement to be effective, its production and placement must to

A B be based on a knowledge of human nature and a skilled use of the media.

C D

Key :C

分析:考点是情态动词的用法。情态动词后面必须接动词原形。

改正:to be based → be based

参考译文:为了使一个广告更加有效,它的制作和策划必须建立在对人类本性的了解以及对媒体的熟练运用上。

39.While photosynthesis in green plants, light energy is captured and used to

A B convert water, carbon dioxide, and minerals into oxygen and energy-rich organic

C D

compounds.

Key :A

分析:考点是连词的用法。While 是连词,必须接从句,但此题其后是个名词短语。 改正:while → in

参考译文:当绿色植物进行光合作用时,光能被吸收并被用来把水、二氧化碳和矿物质转化成氧气和高能有机物。

40.The Democratic Party, the most oldest existing political party in the United

A B

States, has played a vital role in the nation’s history.

C D

Key:A

分析:考点是重复。单音节形容词,最高级就直接在后面加est。例如old 的最高级是oldest。

改正:most oldest oldest

参考译文:民主党作为美国最悠久的现存政党,曾在历史上扮演了十分重要的角色。

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版权所有水妖的岛

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