超精读——全面提升英语阅读能力超精读——全面提升英语阅读能力——经常有同学问我:有没有什么捷径能够顺利地通过四六级,考研或者其它英语考试? 我的回答总是: 没有.但是,帮助同学们找到一套科学的学习方法,不仅可以提高英语能力,而且对考试也有切实的帮助, 是我一直所追求的.在国内这样的非母语学习环境里,如何在英语学习上少走弯路,最为行之有效和直接的提高英语水平的办法就是大量阅读,并作精细阅读,这样才能带动"听说写译"等其它能力的突破.结合我个人的学习体会,并经过长时间的思考和教学中的摸索,我总结出了一套以阅读为突破口,提高英语综合能力和突破四六级和考研等等英语考试的"超精读"方法,希望能对同学们有所帮助.
对大部分中国学生来说,欠缺的不是泛读,而是精读.总的来说,同学们在超精读文章的时候要对文章和考点,干扰项等进行详细的分析,总结. 这时要仔细体会文章中精彩的语言,注意词语的内涵,使用, 扩展和搭配,代词和名词的指代,对精彩句型的模仿,以及对重要语法现象,长句,难句,文章结构的分析.另外,还要注意分析句子和句子之间的关系,是因果,递近,转折还是什么?尤其要注意文章的第一句和最后一句,以及每段的第一句和最后一句与其它句子的关系,体会每句话在文章中的作用.在阅读过程中,要培养自己对文章主要讨论对象,关键词,作者和专家的观点,以及语气的把握.特别注意作者和专家的观点,专家和专家之间的观点是否相同或相反或互补,以及作者和专家的语气是赞成还是反对,是关注还是乐观等等.如果是真题,还要仔细分析考点和正确,干扰选项的规律,特征.在此过程中,可把文章尽可能的多读几遍,甚至翻译一下,提高对文章中单词,短语,句型等的反应速度,阅读速度自然也就提高了.
如果能做到上面几点,那么你才能说真正地理解了文章,阅读理解能力以及综合英语能力都会得到很大的提高,其结果是对考试中的每个题型的把握都会更上一层楼.先从听力说起,据研究,一个人的阅读理解能力和听力水平是成正比关系的.试想,有的同学连听力原文都看不懂,怎么可能听懂呢.另外,在超精读的过程中, 所积累的词汇能力, 对词汇题也有很大帮助, 我曾做过统计, 如果对10 套左右的四六级, 考研阅读真题中的词汇进行过深入学习,大纲中的重点词汇就已经囊括大半.最好的词汇记忆方法是通过阅读来学习,可以记得又牢又准确.对翻译,完形,改错,简短回答问题等小题型,你就会觉得得心应手, 因为你对这些题型的解题能力和你的阅读,词汇能力最相关.关于作文,许多同学喜欢背模版,其实模版作文千篇一律,很难拿到高分.如果在读英语报刊和真题的过程中,我们有意识地摘抄积累一些精彩地道的词汇和句型,考试时信手拈来,无疑会使评卷老师眼睛为之一亮.实际上,我们所阅读的英语文章就是一篇篇精彩的作文范文.如果我们能在早晨,傍晚朗读或背诵英语报刊文章或真题阅读文章,经常进行翻译练习,耳濡目染接触到的都是地道的英语,坚持下去,我们的听说读写译能力很自然地就会得到提高.
第一步:准备好阅读材料,训练阅读速度,捕捉文章大意.不要查字典, 第一步:准备好阅读材料,训练阅读速度,捕捉文章大意.不要查字典,看译文.
在阅读英语报刊(推荐阅读Time, Newsweek, the Economist 等)或者真题的时候,第一遍都必须首先注意提高阅读速度.对报刊上的文章,第一遍读的时候不要查字典,记下起止时间,计算单位时间的
阅读量.对真题,更加要控制在规定的时间内完成,阅读时就要随时对可能的考点作出标记,最后结合解题技巧来解题.这时的重点放在训练速度,掌握文章大意,结构,以及作者和专家等的观点.
第二步:总结文章中词汇使用的准确性,形象性,多样性和感情色彩及语气, 第二步:总结文章中词汇使用的准确性,形象性,多样性和感情色彩及语气, 复合词的使用,总结各类重要搭配,对各类重要词汇进行扩展, 复合词的使用,总结各类重要搭配,对各类重要词汇进行扩展,正确识别代词与抽象名词的指代,并记忆和运用可以在作文中使用的词汇. 与抽象名词的指代,并记忆和运用可以在作文中使用的词汇. 中使用的词汇
1. 从文章中词汇使用的准确性,形象性,多样性和感情色彩及语气角度,复合词的使用进行总结. ①准确性
英语初学者在词汇的使用上一般太宽太泛,欠缺准确性.比如想到走,只会用walk, 其实表示"走" 的词汇有很多,如:stroll 漫步, 闲逛; stagger 摇晃地走等等.
②形象性
英语母语的人在使用英语的时候用词经常非常形象化,而我们一般用词就比较刻板.比如上升,很多人只会用increase, 其实用climb 这个简单的词就很形象.再如下文: Diana's sudden death triggered a global outpouring of grief and boosted an already thriving "Diana Industry". Described in an editorial in the Daily Mirror tabloid as the "grief industry", interest in Diana has also spawned hundreds of "exclusive" biographies by people who claim to have been close to her. trigger n. (枪的)扳机; v. 引发, 引起, 触发spawn n.鱼等的)卵; v. 产卵,催生,造成,使产生③多样性
词汇的多样性也是看一个语言学习者词汇掌握是否丰富的重要方面.比如一篇文章讲汽车,其中就使用了car / motorcar / automobile / auto / vehicle 等词进行替换,你如果都掌握了,就可以很容易判断文章的主题. 还有一篇关于老年人的作文, 一般人只会用old people, 如果你使用了the old / the elderly / the aged / the elderly population / senior citizens, 显然就技高一筹.再如阅读理解中原文用legislator, 答案用lawmaker 进行替换.以上这些例子都说明了词汇的多样性的重要. ④感情色彩及语气
动词,形容词和副词等的使用经常都表达了作者的感情色彩和语气,把握这一点对深入理解原文,或者考试时解题都很有作用. The study's director _89 that "interactive leadership may emerge 90 style of choice of many organizations." (2003.1 CET-6 Cloze) A) predicted B) proclaimed C) defied D) diagnosed the management
这道题有争议,因为A)和B)从中文的意思上来看都可以,其实如果注意到句子中的may 所表达的不确定语气就可以确定本题必选A) predicted 无疑.因为predicted 意思是预测,表达的是一种不确定性, 而proclaimed 一般表示在正式场合的宣布,声明,无此语气. ⑤复合词
现代英语中复合词的使用非常广泛, 且很多字典上都不一定能查到, 平时要注意多总结. 比如-free 这个词表示"没有,免除",可以组成很多复合词,flood-free 没有洪水的,fat-free 没有脂肪的. 再如孙英杰 B 尿样阳性,face a multi-year ban, 体会一下复合词的使用是不是句子有了英语的味道?
2.
总结文章中动词和名词(动宾)搭配,形容词和名词的搭配,副词和动词,形容词的搭配,各类介词搭配(动词和介词,形容词和介词,名词和介词,介词和名词). ①动词和名词(动宾)搭配
动词作为英语中最活跃的词性,具有强大的组词功能,尤其是与名词的搭配千
变万化,但又在很大程度上是约定俗成的.如果不加以注意,就容易犯错误.比如一位同学作文中的表达:People take more emphasis on the health,这里的take 就应该用place 或者put.曾经请同学翻译一句话:他的英语在这个学校最好.一般人都翻译成:His English is the best in this school. 其实如果平时掌握了地道的动宾搭配,翻译成:His English tops this school. 是不是更好呢? 例如: Chinese President Hu Jintao and British Prime Minister Tony Blair reached vital consensus on Wednesday on promoting the existing comprehensive strategic partnership to a higher level. 从以上句子中我们就必须总结两个动宾搭配: (1). reach consensus on …在…方面达成共识; (2). promote the existing comprehensive strategic partnership 促进现有的全面战略伙伴关系
②
形容词和名词的搭配
英语中形容词表达的涵义很广,同一个形容词可以修饰不同的名词,不同的形容词可以修饰同样的名词, 学习中一定要注意积累.如有个同学的造句:The traffic in Nanjing is crowded. 这里crowded 就用错了,应该用heavy.另外,heavy 还可以修饰smoker / rain 等等.再如outstanding / superior / rare / top 都可以形容students, 指优秀的学生.不要想到好坏就想到good, bad,.比如不好的效果可以用ill effects , unfavorable effects 等等. ③副词和动词,形容词的搭配副词的使用经常使你的句子非常简洁和地道,比如你听到小日本被炸了,你的反应是不是pleasantly shocked (愉快的震惊)呢?再如intensely / crucially important 都可以代替very important.如果你是李宇春的忠实粉丝,但如果是 a hopelessly devoted fan 而耽误了学习就不好啦.
④
各类介词搭配(动词和介词,形容词和介词,名词和介词,介词和名词)
有专家称,英语是介词的语言,从这一点就可以看出介词的重要性.多掌握各类介词固定搭配,可以使你的英语表达更地道.
3.
注意对文章中重要词汇进行一定的扩展.
我们可以从词汇的同义词,反义词,同根词,相关性等等角度进行扩展,让你的词汇形成一个网络,而不是孤立的个体.
4.
正确识别代词与抽象名词的指代
如果无法正确识别指代,读者就无法把句子和句子连接成具有连贯意义的整体,就无法把握作者的思路延展. 例1:2003 年 6 月六级阅读理解第三篇(32)Take the case of public education alone. The principal difficulty faced by the schools has been the tremendous increase in the number of pupils. This has been caused by the advance of the legal age for going into industry and the impossibility of finding a job even when the legal age has been reached. (This = the tremendous increase in the number of pupils.) In view of the technological improvements in the last few years, business will require in the future proportionately fewer workers than ever before. The result will be still further raising of he legal age for going into employment, and still further difficulty in finding employment when hat age has been attained. If we cannot put our children to work, we must put them in school. (本文是一篇人文类的议论文,讨论的主要对象public education 在第一句话中
就提到,属于开门见山类的文章. 第一段讲了公立学校面临的主要困难是学生数量的巨大增长,以及增长的原因.)
32. What is the reason for the increase in the number of students? [定位与替换] 本题问学生数量增长的原因是什么?为典型的因果关系考点因果关系考点.问题指向原文第一段第一句, 因果关系考点公立学校面临的主要问题是学生数量的增长.接着讲了两个原因(This has been caused by …):合法就业年龄的提高(也就是在一定年龄以下不能就业)和达到合法年龄后无法找到工作.所以选B) Raising of the legal age for going to work. 合法工作年龄的提高. [干扰项分析] A) The requirement of educated workers by business. 企业对受过教育的工人的要求.
文中没有提到,属于无中生有.C) The trend toward a shorter workday. 工作时间缩短的趋势.此为第二段第一句的内容,但偏离了考点.D) People's concern for the future of the next generation. 人
们对下一代的未来的关心.文中也没有提到,属于无中生有. 如果无法正确识别文章中This 的指代,解题就会遇到困难.现在的四六级考研英语命题者,喜欢从指代处出题. 例2:2002 年 6 月阅读第一篇: Indeed, the human history has not been merely touched by global climate change, some scientists argue, it has in some instances been driven by it. (some scientists argue 为插入语,第一个it 指代the human history,第二
个it 指代global climate change)
第三步:总结文章中的好的短句,长难句,考点句;总结文章中句子如何开头, 第三步:总结文章中的好的短句,长难句,考点句;总结文章中句子如何开头, 句子之间的关系,衔接,段落之间的衔接, 句子之间的关系,衔接,段落之间的衔接,并记忆和运用可以在作文中使用的句型. 句型.
例1:He is a big spender. 他花钱大手大脚. 运用:Many young adults are big spenders. 许多年轻人花钱大手大脚.
例2:1949 witnessed the liberation of China. 运用:The dawn of the new century witnessed the increasing popularity of the web. 中国人写英文句子多喜欢用第一人称开头,写作文时候开头也缺乏变化.所以平时在超精读时仔细研究文章中的句子是如何开头是很有必要的. 例3:He got off the plane. Reporters surrounded him. 这两个句子没有语法问题,但放在一起就显得缺乏连贯性.如果改成He got off the plane and was surrounded by reporters 或者He got off the plane. And he was surrounded by reporters 就可以了.所以平时要多研究英文句子是如何衔接的. 例4:2002 年6 月六级阅读第二篇(29) Our obsession (迷恋) with thinness is also fueled by health concerns. ……以上是某一段第一句话,请注意also 衔接两段的作用. 29. The author criticizes women's obsession with thinness . [定位与替换] 本题询问作者是如何批评妇女对瘦的着迷的.由关键词obsession with thinness 定位到第五段第一句.但该句只给出了部分答案.注意also 这个词,表明人们对瘦的迷恋还有原因,应该在上面一段. 第四段说瘦现在被认为是新的优点的标志.带来的结果是肥胖被认为是不好的,因为肥胖意味着缺乏精神力量.整个社会以瘦为美,作者对人们迷恋瘦是因为社会风气使然,这是从社会的角度. 第五段第一句的话说,我们对瘦的迷恋部分原因是我们对健康的关注另外,从文中可以看出作者是从医学的观点来说明疾病不一定是和体重有关, 太迷恋瘦也有可能造成对健康的损害. 所以本题应该选B) from sociological and medical points of view 从社会学和医学的角度.解答本题需要整合两段内容,并具有概括能力. 例5:2001
年6 月四级第四篇We can see how the product life cycle works by looking at the introduction of instant coffee. When it was introduced, most people did not like it as well as "regular" coffee and it took several years to gain general acceptance (introduction stage). At one point, though, Instant coffee grew rapidly in popularity and many brands were introduced (stage of rapid growth). After a while people became attached to one brand and sales leveled off (stage of maturity). Sales went into a slight decline(衰退)when freeze-dried coffees were introduced (stage of decline). 第一段中有三个句型可以在图表作文中应用: 1. instant coffee grew rapidly in popularity. 我们可以这样模仿:the mobile phone has grown rapidly in popularity. 2. sales leveled off. 或者也可以这样说:sales remained constant / steady / stable / much the same 3. sales went into a slight decline. 或者也可以这样说: sales declined slightly / 如果下降幅度大可以说sales declined dramatically / substantially / sharply / greatly / hugely.
第四步:总结文章主要讨论对象,关键词,作者, 第四步:总结文章主要讨论对象,关键词,作者,专家的观点以及语篇及段落发展模式.对考试类文章而言,还要总结文章的考点,题目的定位发展模式.对考试类文章而言,还要总结文章的考点,题目的定位,答案的替换,正确和干扰项的规律,特征. 正确和干扰项的规律,特征.
例1:请大家参考我对2005 年1 月六级阅读第三篇的解析: Passage Three (31) Throughout the nation's more than 15,000 school districts, widely differing approaches to teaching science and math have emerged. Though there can be strength in diversity, a new international analysis suggests that this variability has instead contributed to lackluster (平淡的) achievement scores by U.S. children relative to their peers in other developed countries.
(注意本段的differing / diversity / variability 几个同义替换,表明本段强调了美国各个地区的科学和数学教育差异很大〈多样性,多元化〉的事实.文章第二句,作者话锋一转,尽管多元化有好处,但有分析表明这导致了美国的孩子与其它发达国家的同龄人相比,学习成绩比较平淡.这一句提出了美国教育存在的问题,预测后文可能会作详细阐述或提出解决问题的办法,注意这都是可能的考点.平时复习时一定要培养自己归纳,预测原文的能力!)
31. According to the passage, the teaching of science and math in America is . [定位与替换本题问美国的科学和数学教学的状况.根据关键词teaching of science and math 定位到定位与替换] 定位与替换原文第一段.选B) characterized by its diversity 以多样性为特点.解题的重点在准确判断第一段所强调的内容. [干扰项分析A) focused on tapping students' potential 集中开发学生的潜力,文中无信息支持;C) 干扰项分析] 干扰项分析losing its vitality gradually 逐步失去活力,D) going downhill in recent years 最近几年走下坡路, 文章虽指出了美国的教育体系有缺陷,但并未说其失去活力或走下坡路,故不应选C,D.
Indeed, concludes William H. Schmidt of Michigan State University, who led the new analysis, "no single intellectually coherent vision dominates U.S. educational practice in math or science.'' The reason, he said, "is because the system is deeply and fundamentally flawed."
(Indeed, 在这里是加强语气, "确实" 的意思, 经常在文章中引出作者或者专家的重要观点. 专家Schmidt 的结论:美国数学和科学的教育实践缺乏连贯一致
的知识观念,原因是这个体系有深刻和根本的缺陷.到底是什么缺陷呢?这里专家只是作了抽象的概括,下文中可能会详细阐述.注意coherent 和第一段diversity 是反义词.)
The new analysis, released this week by the National Science Foundation in Arlington, Va., is based on data collected from about 50 nations as part of the Third International Mathematics and Science Study.(本段不是很重要,主要讲这个分析是基于50 个国家的数据.) Not only do approaches to teaching science and math vary among individual U.S. communities, the report finds (= the new analysis), but there appears to be little strategic focus within a school district's curricula, its textbooks, or its teachers' activities.(Not only …, but …
倒装强调句,语意重心在but 后面的内容:美国的各个学区在课程等方面缺乏战略重点.the report finds 是插入语)(32) This contrasts sharply with the coordinated national programs of most other
countries.(这与大部分其它国家的协调的国家计划形成鲜明对比,是作者的结论句.This 指代上面一句
的意思,也即美国人的做法.这里也是一个重要的对比考点.)
32. The fundamental flaw of American school education is that .
[定位与替换定位与替换]本题是问美国学校教育的根本缺陷是什么.根据关键词fundamental flaw 可定位到原文第二定位与替换段,但答案并不在其中(而是在第四段).根据对文章的分析,应该选A) it lacks a coordinated national program 美国学校教育缺乏一个协调一致的全国性计划. 答案是从第四段This contrasts sharply with the coordinated national programs of most other countries. 推得的.本题解题的关键是跨段整合内容. [干扰项分析B) it sets a very low academic standard for students 它对学生设定了非常低的学术干扰项分析] 干扰项分析标准,文中无内容支持(只是说美国学生学的多而不精);C) it relies heavily on the initiative of individual teachers 它非常依赖各个教师的主动性, 文中无信息支持; it attaches too much importance D) to intensive study of school subjects 它太重视学校课程的深入学习,与文章内容相反,如果选项是
attach too much importance to extensive, but not intensive, study of school subjects 才符合原文.
(33) On average, U.S. students study more topics within science and math than their international counterparts do. This creates an educational environment that "is a mile wide and an inch deep," Schmidt notes. (出现比较级时应高度关注.第二句This 指代第一句陈述的事实:平均
说来,与国际同龄人相比,美国学生在科学与数学方面要学习更多的科目.A mile wide and an inch deep 属于形象用法,比喻考点.)
For instance, eighth graders in the United States cover about 33 topics in math versus just 19 in Japan. Among science courses, the international gap is even wider.(作者接着举例说明美
国的教育环境是a mile wide and an inch deep.)U.S. curricula for this age level resemble those
of a small group of countries including Australia, Thailand, Iceland, and Bulgaria. Schmidt asks whether the United States wants to be classed with these nations, whose educational systems "share our pattern of splintered (支离破碎的) visions" but which
are not economic leaders. 33. By saying that the U.S. educational environment is "a mile wide and an inch deep" (Line 2, Para. 5), the author means U.S. educational practice . [定位与替换本题问作者对美国教育实践的看法.根据上面两段This 指代的事实以及For instance 后对定位与替换] 定位与替换 a mile wide and an inch deep 的进一步解释可以看出,美国教育注重所开科目的广度而不重视深度,所以选D) scratches the surface of a wide range of topics 只触及了许多科目的表面.另外,education environment = educational practice.解题的关键是要跨段整合内容,并准确地识别指代和例证的含义. [干扰项分析A) lays stress on quality at the expense of quantity 牺牲数量来强调质量,和文中干扰项分析] 干扰项分析内容相反;B) offers an environment for comprehensive education 为全面综合教育提供了环境,文中只提到科学和数学教育,并未出现全面综合教育的概念;C) encourages learning both in depth and in
scope 鼓励既深入又广泛地学习,这只是美国教育改革的方向,与原文内容不一致.
The new report "couldn't come at a better time," says Gerald Wheeler, executive director of the National Science Teachers Association in Arlington.(本句是某个专家对the new report 所作
的评价.文章中出现概括性评价之后一般都会作进一步的解释说明,原因分析等,这是命题者较喜欢的考点.)(34)"The new National Science Education Standards provide that focused vision," including
the call "to do less, but in greater depth." (The new National Education Standards 和The new
report 属于同义概念.)
34. The new National Science Education Standards are good news in that they will . [定位与替换定位与替换]本题问新的全国科学教育标准是个好消息的原因.根据关键词The new National Education 定位与替换Standards 和good news, 定位到第七段, 本题所问的原因在第二句, 注意but 引起的强调, 故选A) provide depth to school science education 使学校的科学教育具有深度.解题的关键在于识别句子之间的关系. [干扰项分析B) solve most of the problems in school teaching 解决学校教学的大部分问题,歪曲干扰项分析] 干扰项分析并夸张了文章原意;C) be able to meet the demands of the community 能够满足社区需求,文中未提及,因为新的全国科学标准是为了弥补教育体制的缺陷而制定的;D) quickly dominate U.S. educational
practice 迅速在美国的教育实践中处于支配地位, 文中也未提及, 而是指出了实现这个新标准将面临挑战.
(35) Implementing the new science standards and their math counterparts will be the challenge, he and Schmidt agree, because the decentralized responsibility for education in the United States requires that any reforms be tailored and instituted one community at a time.(…因为美国的教
育责任是分散的,它要求任何一项改革只能一次一个社区地量身定制.he and Schmidt agree 是插入语, 而且是专家观点标志词,紧接着阐述了Implementing the new standards…will be the challenge 的原因,考点设置和34 题如出一辙,但相对简单,因为because 是明显的因果关系考点标志词.)
In fact, Schmidt argues, reforms such as these proposed national standards "face
an almost impossible task, because even though they are intellectually coherent, each becomes only one more voice in the babble (嘈杂声)." 35. Putting the new science and math standards into practice will prove difficult because . [定位与替换本题问实施新的科学和数学标准将会遇到困难的原因.put sth. into practice = implement, 定位与替换] 定位与替换will prove difficult = will be the challenge, 所以本题可准确定位到倒数第二段,最后选C) school districts are responsible for making their own decisions 学区对自己的决定负责.该选项表达了文中"责任分散"的意思. [干扰项分析A) there is always controversy in educational circles 在教育界一直存在争论,B) not 干扰项分析] 干扰项分析enough educators have realized the necessity for doing so 没有足够的教育者意识到这样做的重要性,D) many schoolteachers challenge the acceptability of these standards 许多学校老师质疑这些标准的可接受性,这三个选项文中均无信息支持.
例2,2000 年1 月四级阅读第二篇
Some studies suggest that straight, horizontal bars painted across roads can initially cut the average speed of drivers in half. However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars.
30. What does the author say about straight, horizontal bars painted across roads?
A) B) C) D)
They cannot be applied successfully to traffic circles. They tend to be ignored by drivers in a short period of time. They are falling out of use in the United States. They are applicable only on broad roads
请用心体会initially 这个词的内涵,其实,你一看到这个词,就应该准确predict 后面可能会有考点,而且肯定会出现but, however, ultimately 一类的转折,对比词.答案B).
例3,六级2001 年6 月阅读第二篇
For centuries, explorers have risked their lives venturing into the unknown for reasons that were to varying degrees economic and nationalistic. ……
Although their missions blended commercial and political-military imperatives, the explorers involved all accomplished some significant science simply by going where no scientists had gone before.
Today Mars looms as humanity's next great terra incognita. And with doubtful prospects for a short-term financial return, with the cold war a rapidly fading memory and amid a growing emphasis on international cooperation in large space ventures, it is clear that imperatives other than profits or nationalism will have to compel human beings to leave their tracks on the planet's reddish surface. Could it be science, which has long played a minor role in exploration, is at least destined to take a leading role? ……
With Mars the scientific stakes are arguably higher than they have ever been. …..
36. According to the passage, the chief purpose of explorers in going to unknown places in the past was . A) to display their country's military might B) to accomplish some significant science C) to find new areas for colonization D) to pursue commercial and state interests 37. At present, a probable inducement for countries to initiate large-scale space ventures is . A) international cooperation C) scientific
research B) nationalistic reasons D) long-term profits
注意: economic / commercial / financial / profit ; nationalistic / political / military / cold war / nationalism; science / scientist/ scientific 都是近义词或同一范畴的词,也就阅读文章中经常出现的同义换词现象.如果一个词的同义词,相关词在一篇文章中多次重复出现,必定是这篇文章的强调的地方,必定和考题相关.另外,请注意这两道题的考法,先考过去,再考现在,一个是was, 一个是is.答案D,C.
例4,考研2004 年Text 1
Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the site's "personal search agent". It's an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then emails them when a matching position is posted in the database. …. Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. When CareerSite's agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs –those it considers the best matches. There maybe more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them –and they do. 44. Why does CareerSite's agent offer each job hunter only three job options? A) B) C) D) To focus on better job matches. To attract more returning visits. To reserve space for more messages. To increase the rate of success.
请注意下面句中them 是指代什么:then emails them when a matching position is posted in the database.
有的
辅导书上是这么翻译的:然后给网上贴出的对应岗位发个邮件/ 当…时,你就通过EMAIL 给这些人寄去相关的资料.其实,这里them 指visitors.比如说你访问某个求职网站,登记了你的要求,那么该网站可能会根据你的要求给你发email 通知你,这就是所谓的interactive feature.
44 题答案B, 实际上考的是一个例证题,但是表面上不很容易看出来,这就是考研难的地方.如果你平时注意分析第一句话和后面句子的关系,那么你就会知道, 例证题的答案经常指向段落第一句话.答案中attract 替换原文tempt.如果你在解题的时候只注意后面几句话,就可能会做错答案或者速度慢了.
例五,考研2002 年Text 4
The Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering. Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of "double effect", a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects –a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen –is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect. 56. From the first three paragraphs, we learn that . A) B) C) D) doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients' pain it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide 答案B, 这几段里有不少和法律相关单词可以学习,比如constitutional / rule / supreme court, rule 这个词在这里是裁决的意思,很多死背词汇书的同学考试中
就不一定能够反应出这个意思.这道题目的干扰项之一 C 很有意思,大家有没有注意到strongly 这个词,这个选项就错在这里.请看一下第二段Although 这句话, 体会一下这句话的内涵(尽管,但是),这句话的内涵是最高法院尽管认为医生协助病人自杀是非法的, 是持反对态度的, 但并不是强烈反对! 所以大家在做题的时候一定要注意选项中的形容词和副词等限定词, 这些地方经常是陷阱,同样文章中出现这类词汇也需要高度警惕.
第五步:翻译文章或者与译文(如果有) 第五步:翻译文章或者与译文(如果有)对照学习
这一步最具有挑战性,但可以使你对英文的理解更准确,可以让你更自由地在中英文之间驰骋.
1
When one looks back upon the fifteen hundred years that are the life span of the English language, he should be able to notice a number of significant truths. The history of our language has always been a history of constant change—at times a slow, almost imperceptible change, at other times a violent collision between two languages. Our language has always been a living growing organism, it has never been static. Another significant truth that emerges from such a study is that language at all times has been the possession not of one class or group but of many. 『At one extreme it has been the property of the common, ignorant folk, who have used it in the daily business of their living, much as they have used their animals or the kitchen pots and pans.』① At the other extreme it has been the treasure of those who have respected it as an instrument and a sign of civilization, and who have struggled by writing it down to give it some permanence, order, dignity, and if possible, a little beauty. As we consider our changing language, we should note here two developments that are of special and immediate importance to us. One is that since the time of the Anglo-Saxons there has been an almost complete reversal of the different devices for showing the relationship of words in a sentence. Anglo-Saxon (old English) was a language of many inflections. Modern English has few inflections. We must now depend largely on word order and function words to convey the meanings that the older language did by means of changes in the forms of words. Function words, you should understand, are words such as prepositions, conjunctions, and a few others that are used primarily to show relationships among other words. A few inflections, however, have survived. And when some word inflections come into conflict with word order, there may be trouble for the users of the language, as we shall see later when we turn our attention to such maters as WHO or WHOM and ME or I. The second fact we must consider is that as language itself changes, our attitudes toward language forms change also. 『The eighteenth century, for example, produced from various sources a tendency to fix the language into patterns not always set in and grew, until at the present time there is a strong tendency to restudy and re-evaluate language practices in terms of the ways in which people speak and write.』②1.In contrast to the earlier linguists, modern linguists tend to . A. attempt to continue the standardization of the language B. evaluate language practices in terms of current speech rather than standards or proper patterns C. be more concerned about the improvement of the language than its analysis or history D. be more aware of the rules of the language usage
2.Choose the appropriate meaning for the word “inflection” used in line 4 of paragraph 2. A. Changes in the forms of words. B. Changes in sentence structures. C. Changes in spelling rules. D. Words that have similar meanings.
3.Which of the following statements is not mentioned in the
passage? A. It is generally believed that the year 1500 can be set as the beginning of the modern English language. B. Some other languages had great influence on the English language at some stages of its development. C. The English language has been and still in a state of relatively constant change. D. Many classes or groups have contributed to the development of the English language. 4. The author of these paragraphs is probably a(an) . A. historian B. philosopher C. anthropologist D. linguist
5.Which of the following can be best used as the title of the passage? A. The history of the English language. B. Our changing attitude towards the English language. C. Our changing language. D. Some characteristics of modern English.
V ocabulary 1.span n. 跨度，范围，期间微的https://www.doczj.com/doc/e912602859.html,anism n. 生物体，有机体5.ignorant adj. 无知的7.permanence n. 永久，持久（人），地道的英国人9.reversal n. 颠倒，反向，逆转11.preposition n. 前置词，介词长难句解析10.inflection n. 词尾变化12.conjunction n. 联合，关联，连接词 4.possession n. 拥有，占有，领土 6.folk n. 人们，民族8.Anglo-Saxons n. 盎格鲁—撒克逊语2.imperceptible adj. 觉察不到的，极细
13.in terms of 根据，按照，用……的话，在……方面
①【解析】“who”引导非限制性定语从句，修饰“the common, ignorant folk”。“much as” 引导状语从句。“kitchen pots and pans”意为“锅碗瓢盆”。【译文】一方面它是那些普通人甚至无知民众的财产，他们每天都像使唤他们的牲畜和锅碗瓢盆一样用着语言。
②【解析】此句为一个复合倒装句。“until”引导一个并列句，前一句的主语是“a tendency”，“to fix the language into patterns not always set in and grew”作“tendency”的定语，第二句的主语也是“a tendency”，“to”后面的句子作“tendency”的定语，“in which”引导的定语从句修饰“ways”。【译文】例如在18世纪一种产生于各种来源的趋势把语言固定在一个不常使用和不利于语言发展的模式中，而到了当今，主流是要反复研究、评价人们说话、写作中的语言实践。答案与详解
【短文大意】本文主要讲述英语演变过程的一些特点，指出了古英语与现代英语的不同，以及语言学家对待语言形式的态度的变化。1.B 细节题。根据题干回原文中定位，阅读文章时注意首末段及各段开头的句子，这往往都是考点所在。这篇文章讲的主要是英语语言演变的一些特点，指出了古英语与现代英语的不同，以及语言学家态度的转变。本题问的正是现代语言学家与早期语言学家不同的倾向。根据文章末尾The eighteenth century, for example, produced from various sources a tendency to fix the language into patterns not always set in and grew, until at the present time there is a strong tendency to restudy and re-evaluate language practices in terms of the ways in which people speak and write. 现代语言学家倾向于根据人们说和写的方式评价语言实践，而不是像早期的语言学家根据一定的模式评价语言。选项 B 符合文章的意思。 2.A 词汇题。要根据上下文的信息判断单词的意思。文章在第二段中间再次提到inflection 时说，A few inflections, however, have survived. 后面文章又举了WHO/WHOM 和ME/I 为例说明inflection，这是一篇关于语言学的文章，从例子可以看出inflection 的意思应该是“单词的变形”，选项 A 正确。 3.A 细节题。根据文章的内容，选项A“普遍认为1500年是现代英语的起点”在文章中没有提及，故为正确答案。文章第二句说The history of our language has always been a history of constant change - at times a slow, almost imperceptible change, at other times a violent collision between two languages.我们语言的历史是一个不断变化的历史——在一些时间里缓慢得几乎难以察觉，在另一些时间里则是两种语言的激烈碰撞。由此可以推断一些其他的语言对英语的发展有重大影响，选项 B 符合文章的意思。 4.D 词汇题。此题考查考生的推测能力和词汇量，文章讲述的是英国语言演进的具体细节，最适当的答案应该是D。作者很可能是一位语言学家。A 答案
(历史学家)和C 答案(人类学家)也可以有点迷惑性。B 答案(哲学家)是最不符合的。5.C 主旨题。本文从各个方面谈及英语作为一种语言的发展变化，但并不是讲述英语的历史。所以选项A 不对，选项C 作为文章的题目最为贴切。选项B 只是文章阐述的一个方面，不够全面。文章是在谈到英语的不断变化的时候谈到了现代英语的一些特点，所以选项 D 也失之于片面。
(2)
Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. 『This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variables: language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions.』① To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience. The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn culture—one has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and McDonald’s. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging. The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness. Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, and know your customer. 1. According to the passage, which of the following is true? A. All international managers can learn culture. B. Business diversity is not necessary. C. Views differ on how to treat culture in business world. D. Most people do not know foreign culture well. 2. According to the author, the model of Pepsi . A. is in line with the theories of the school advocating the business is business the world around B. is different from the model of McDonald’s C. shows the reverse of global ization D. has converged cultural differences
3. The two schools of thought . A. both propose that companies should tailor business approaches to individual cultures
B. both advocate that different policies be set up in different countries
C. admit the existence of cultural diversity in business world
D. Both A and B
4. This article is supposed to be most useful for those . A. who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversity B. who have connections to more than one type of culture C. who want to travel abroad D. who want to run business on International Scale
5. According to Fortune, successful international companies . A. earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas B. all have the quality of patience C. will follow the overseas local cultures D. adopt the policy of internationalization
V ocabulary 1. dynamic adj. 动态的factual adj. 事实的7. transplant v. 移植长难句解析①【解析】此句虽然很长，但考生只要认清它的主干，就很容易了解本句的意思。这个句子
为一个简单句，主语为：“this system”，谓语为“is shaped”。【译文】特定社会成员特点构成的行为方式体系不断地被一系列动态变量所左右：如语言、信仰、价值与态度、礼仪与风俗、审美、技术、教育及社会体制。2. variable n. 变量5. interpretative adj. 解释的8. myopia n. 近视3. aesthetics n. 美学9. adversary n. 对手4. 6. converge v. 聚合答案与详解【短文大意】本文主要讲述文化背景对商业运作的影响，文中列举了商界中存在的对于文化多样性的两种观点。1. C 推断题。意为“对在商业中怎样对待文化有着不同意见”。文化在商业中是一个很具挑战性的因素。不同的国家与地区可能会有不同的文化体系。在商业中，应该怎样对待不同的文化，商业界存在着不同的看法。 2. Ａ细节题。意为“……与同意世界商业一体化的派别的主张是一致的”。Pepsi 采纳的是国际化的商业风格，这与那些主张国际化的派别的意见是相一致的。 3. C 推断题。意为“承认商业世界中文化的多元性”。两个派别都承认商业世界中文化的多元性。他们的不同在于，应该对待不同的文化，应该搞国际化还是对不同的文化采取不同的策略。
4. D 主旨题。由文中的例子可以知道，作者主要关心的并不是研究多种文化形态，而是文化背景对商业运作的影响。所以D 是正确答案。
5. Ｂ细节题。意为“都具有耐心这一素质”。并非所有成功的国际公司的海外收入都占总收入的20%或以上。它们也不一定全都接纳海外的当地文化，或是采纳国际化策略。
(3)
As regards social conventions, we must say a word about the well-known English class system. 『This is an embarrassing subject for English people, and one they tend to be ashamed of, though during the present century class-consciousness has grown less and less, and the class system less rigid.』① But it still exists below the surface. Broadly speaking, it means there are two classes, the “middle class” and the “working class”. (We shall ignore for a moment the old “upper class”, including the hereditary aristocracy, since it is extremely small in numbers; but some of its members have the right to sit in the House of Lords, and some newspapers take a surprising interest in their private life.) The middle class consists chiefly of well-to-do businessmen and professional people of all kinds. The working class consists chiefly of manual and unskilled workers. The most obvious difference between them is in their accent. Middle-class people use slightly varying kinds of “received pronunciation” which is the kind of English spoken by BBC announcers and taught to overseas pupils. Typical working-class people speak in many different local accents which are generally felt to be rather ugly and uneducated. One of the biggest barriers of social equality in England is the two-class education system. To have been to a so-called “public school” immediately marks you out as one o f the middle class. The middle classes tend to live a more formal life than working-class people, and are usually more cultured. Their midday meal is “lunch” and they have a rather formal evening meal called “dinner”, whereas the working man’s dinner, if h is working hours permit, is at midday, and his smaller, late-evening meal is called supper. As we have said, however, the class system is much less rigid than it was, and for a long time it has been government policy to reduce class distinctions. 『Working-class students very commonly receive a university education and enter the professions, and working-class incomes have grown so much recently that the distinctions between the two classes are becoming less and less clear. 』②However, regardless of one’s soci al status, certain standards of politeness are expected of everybody, and a well-bred person is polite to everyone he meets, and treats a labourer with the same respect he gives an important businessman. Servility inspires both embarrassment and dislike. E ven the word “sir”,
except in school and in certain occupations (e.g. commerce, the army etc.) sounds too servile to be commonly used.
1. The middle class mainly refers to people . A. who were born as aristocrat B. who have the right to sit in the House of Lords D. who are prosperous businessmen or
C. who speak in many different local accents who work in some professions
2. The most obvious difference between the working class and the middle class in English is their . A. dress B. work C. accent D. meal
3. Why isn’t the word “sir” commonly used in Britain? A. Because it sounds too servile and is likely to cause embarrassment. can only be used in some certain occupations. C. Because it is an impolite word. well-bred person.
4. The “upper class” in England today . A. are extremely small in number so that media pays no attention to them B. still uses old words like “Sir” in their everyday life C. includes the hereditary aristocracy D. refers only to the royal family
5. Which of the following is not true about the English class system? A. It is an embarrassing subject for English people. B. Working-class students cannot receive a university education. C. The class system is much less rigid than it was. D. The class system still exists below the surface. V ocabulary 1. convention n. 习俗3. rigid adj. 严格5. manual adj. 体力的8. well-bred adj. 有教养的10. occupation n. 职业长难句解析①【解析】这是一个复合句，主句由“and”引导的两个并列句组成，“though”引导的让步状语从句，也是由两个并列的句子组成。【译文】尽管本世纪等级意识越来越淡，等级制度也越来越不严格，但对于英国人来说它仍2. embarrass v. 使困窘4. hereditary adj. 世袭的
6. accent n. 口音9. servility n. 卑屈D. Because it shows that the speaker is not a B. Because it
7. received pronunciation adj. (英语的)标准发音
是一个尴尬的话题，仍旧引以为耻。②【解析】这是一个复合句，由“and”引导的两个并列句组成，“so…that”作“grown”的状语。【译文】劳工家庭中的孩子上大学成为非常平常的事情，此后他们也加入各种专业行当。劳工阶层的工资近来也快速增长，使得两个阶层间的界线越来越模糊。
答案与详解【短文大意】本文主要讲述英国等级意识虽然越来越淡，但在表层下，等级仍然存在。而“阶层”的最大区别是他们的口音。 1. D 细节题。意为“那些比较富裕的生意人或有一定的职业的人”。见第一段的倒数第二句：中产阶级主要包括富裕的生意人和有一定的职业的人。所以正确答案应该是D。2. C 细节题。意为“口音”。见第二段的第一句：他们之间最明显的区别是他们的口音。所以正确答案应该是C。3. Ａ推断题。意为“因为它听起来太过谦卑，很可能会引起尴尬”。见文章的最后两句：谦卑会引起尴尬和不悦。甚至像“先生”这样的词，除了在特定的职业中（如商业、军队）外，也不太常用，因为它听起来太过谦卑。所以正确答案应该是A。 4. C 细节题。A 选项前半是对的。上流社会人数很少，后半是错的，媒体还在关注他们，注意一定要看清楚再选。B 选项相关内容在文末。D 没有提到。B 在第一段中间出现，是正确答案。5. B 细节题。意为“来自工人阶级家庭的学生不能接受大学教育”。见第三段第二句的前半句：来自工人阶级家庭的学生接受大学教育并且某种职业的情况已十分普遍。所以选项 B 的答案与文章不相符，是正确答案。
(4)
There are people in Italy who can’t stand soccer. Not all Canadians love hockey. A similar situation exists in America, where there are those individuals you may be one of them who yawn or even frown when somebody mentions baseball. 『Baseball to them means boring hours
watching grown men in funny tight outfits standing around in a field staring away while very little of anything happens.』① They tell you it’s a game better suited to the 19t h century, slow, quiet, gentlemanly. These are the same people you may be one of them who love football because there’s the sport that glorifies “the hit”. By contrast, baseball seems abstract, cool, silent, still. On TV the game is fractured into a dozen perspectives, replays, close ups. The geometry of the game, however, is essential to understanding it. You will contemplate the game from one point as a painter does his subject; you may, of course, project yourself into the game. It is in this projection that the game affords so much space and time for involvement. The TV won’t do it for you.
Take, for example, the third baseman. You sit behind the third base dugout and you watch him watching home plate. His legs are apart, knees flexed. His arms hang loose. He does a lot of this. The skeptic still cannot think of any other sports so still, so passive. 『But watch what happens every time the pitcher throws: the third baseman goes up on his toes, flexes his arms or bring the glove to a point in front of him, takes a step right or left, backward or forward, perhaps he glances across the field to check his first baseman’s position.』② Suppose the pitch is a ball. “Nothing happened,” you say. “I could have had my eyes closed.” The skeptic and the innocent must play the game. And this involvement in the stands is no more intellectual than listening to music is. Watch the third baseman. Smooth the dirt in front of you with one foot; smooth the pocket in your glove; watch the eyes of the batter, the speed of the bat, the sound of horsehide on wood. If football is a symphony of movement and theatre, baseball is chamber music, a spacious interlocking of notes, chores and responses.
1. The passage is mainly concerned with . A. the different tastes of people for sports C. the attraction of football B. the different characteristics of sports D. the attraction of baseball
2. Those who don’t like baseball may complain that . A. it is only to the taste of the old C. it is not exciting enough
3. The author admits that . A. baseball is too peaceful for the young TV C. football is more attracting than baseball B. it involves fewer players than football D. it is pretentious and looks funny B. baseball may seem boring when watched on D. baseball is more interesting than football
4. By stating “I could have had my eyes closed. ” the author means (4th paragraph last sentence): A. The third baseman would rather sleep than play the game. B. Even if the third baseman closed his eyes a moment ago, it could make no different to the result. C. The third baseman is so good at baseball that he could finish the game with eyes closed all the time and do his work well. D. The consequent was too bad he could not bear to see it.
5. We can safely conclude that the author. A. likes football B. hates football C. hates baseball
D. likes baseball
V ocabulary
1. dugout n. 交响乐
棒球场边供球员休息的地方
2. pitcher n.
投手
3. symphony n.
4. chamber n. 室内长难句解析
5. contemplate vt.沉思，注视
①解析：此句的主干是“Baseball…means…watching…”，其中“in funny tight outfits”用来修饰“grown men”,“standing…”和“staring”用来做“grown men”的定语。张西望。译文：对于
他们来说，棒球就是在无聊的几个小时中几个身着紧身衣的大人伫立在场地周围没事可做地东
②解析：这是一个复合句，“goes up…”，“flexes…”“takes…”，“glances…”做“the third baseman”的并列谓语。译文：但每当投球手掷出球的那一瞬间，你再看吧，三垒运动员脚尖点地，屈臂或把接球手套直指前方，左右移动步伐，或前或后，或许他还要越过场地盯着一垒球手的动作。答案与详解短文大意：本文主要讲述垒球的特征及欣赏。1. D 主旨题。文章第一段简述了人们对垒球所持的偏见——认为它毫无活力、从容和缓，不像橄榄球那样(禁止)迭起、令人激动。文章的第二、三、四、五段探讨了垒球的根本特征及欣赏角度，文章的最后一句话用一个比喻概括了垒球的魅力：“如果橄榄球是一曲交响乐的话，那么，垒球中所表现出来的运动恰似一曲优美的室内乐。”可见，本文主要探讨的是垒球的特点及其欣赏。 A 不对，第一段也确实提到了不同观众对不同运动形式的偏好，但这只是用以引出对垒球的特征及欣赏的讨论。
2. C 细节题。文章第一段指出：许多人不喜欢垒球，一提起垒球这些人就打哈欠甚至皱眉头。对他们来说，看垒球意味着眼巴巴地观望着身着运动装(outfit)的人呆立在球场上，东瞧瞧西望望，很少有什么(激动人心的)事发生——没意思透了。他们认为这样的运动更适合上个世纪的人的口味，不像橄榄球那样充满活力。A 意为：“它只适合老年人的口味。”注意：原文说的是适合上个世纪的人的口味，二者意味不一样。 D 意为：“它矫揉造作、滑稽可笑。” 这与说它gentlemanly(具有绅士风度，矜持，即：没有冲撞或拼抢)不一样。
3. B 推断题。第三段指出，在电视上，垒球运动被切换成不同角度的画面，而且不断地使用重放、特写等电视制作技术，这破坏了该运动的整体运动感，使观众无法将自己投入(project) 到运动中去，以体会到这种寓动于静的运动之美。电视做不到这一点(The TV won’t do it for you)，因此，电视上的垒球比赛看上去(seems)孤孤单单、冷冷清清、沉沉静静、慢慢腾腾。C、D 不对，作者仅指出了不同运动有不同运动的特征，并未说哪种运动优于哪种。参阅文章最后一句。
4. B 推断题。第四段整个都在描述垒球场上的一个场景：拿三垒的运动员假设对方全投出好
球，作好了一切准备，但是对方投出的并不是好球。所以在那时候他的准备做不做都不会影响比赛结果。他说本来可以闭上眼睛，意思就是 B 项所写的。A、C、D 都不符合作者的意图。这道题需要完整地了解第四段内容才能作好选择。
5. D 推断题。在本文中，作者主要探讨了垒球的特征及欣赏，作者着重指出的是：只有根据垒球的特征来欣赏它，才能体会到它的魅力。在他看来，观察到垒球比赛中运动员的各种动作、垒球位之间的关系等是欣赏它的关键(第三段第二句)。只有从整体来把握它，才能看到每一个小的动作、每一个眼神乃至于“静止”的意义，也只有这样，才能全身心地投入比赛中，欣赏到它的魅力。可见，作者对垒球有很深的理解而且非常喜爱垒球。主要参考第三、四、五段。
(5)
Among the more colorful characters of Leadville’s golden age were H.A.W.Tabor and his second wife,Elizabeth McCourt,better known as “Baby Doe”.Their history is fast becoming one of the legends of the Old West.Horace Austin Warner Tabor was a school teacher in Vermont.With his first wife and two children he left Vermont by covered wagon in 1855 to homes tead in Kansas.Perhaps he did not find farming to his liking,or perhaps he was lured by rumors of fortunes to be made in Colorado mines.At any rate,a few years later he moved west to the small Colorado mining camp known as California Gulch,which he later renamed Leadville when he became its
leading citizen. “Great deposits of lead are sure to be found here.”he said. As it turned out,it was silver,not lead,that was to make Leadville’s fortune and wealth. Tabor knew little about m ining himself,so he opened a general store,which sold everything from boots to salt,flour,and tobacco.『It was his custom to “grubstake” prospective miners,in other words,to supply them with food and supplies,or “grub”, while they looked for ore,in return f or which he would get a share in the mine if one was discovered.』①He did this for a number of years,but no one that he aided ever found anything of value.
Finally one day in the year 1878,so the story goes,two miners came in and asked for “grub”. Tabor had decided to quit supplying it because he had lost too much money that way.These were persistent, however,and Tabor was too busy to argue with them. “Oh help yourself.One more time won’t make any difference,” He said and went on selling shoes and hats t o other customers.the two miners took $17 worth of supplies,in return for which they gave Tabor a one-third interest in their findings.They picked a barren place on the mountainside and began to dig.After nine days they struck a rich vein of silver.Tabor bought the shares of the other two men,and so the mine belonged to him alone.This mine,known as the “Pittsburgh Mine,” made 1 300 000 for Tabor in return for his $17
investment. Later Tabor bought the Matchless Mine on another barren hillside just outside the town for $117 000.This turned out to be even morefabulous than the Pittsburgh,yielding $35 000 worth of silver per day at one time.Leadville grew.Tabor became its first mayor,and later became lieutenant governor of the state.
1.Leadville got its name for the following reasons EXCEPT. A.because Tabor became its leading citizen B.because great deposits of lead is expected to be found there C.because it could bring good fortune to Tabor D.because it was renamed
2.The word “grubstake” in paragraph 2 means. A.to supply miners with food and supplies B.to open a general store C.to do one’s contribution to the development of the mine D.to supply miners with food and supplies and in return get a share in the mine,if one was discovered
3.Tabor made his first fortune. A.by supplying two prospective miners and getting in return a one-third interest in the findings B.because he was persuaded by the two miners to quit supplying C.by buying the shares of the other D.as a land speculator
4. The underlying rea son for Tabor’s life career is. A. purely accidental B. based on the analysis of miner’s being very poor and their possibility of discovering profitable mining site C. through the help from his second wife D. he planned well and accomplished targets step by step
5.If this passage is the first part of an article,who might be introduced in the following part?
A.Tabor’s life.
B.Tabor’s second wife,Elizabeth McCourt.
C.Other colorful characters.
D.Tabor’s other careers.
V ocabulary 1.barren adj. 贫瘠的
2.fabulous adj. 神话般的，难以置信的
3.lure vt.诱惑，引诱
4.deposit n.沉淀，储蓄
5.grubstake v.下注长难句解析①【解析】“It”是形式主语，真正的主语是“to”后面的句子，“while”引导时间状语从句。【译文】他的通常做法是对来采矿的人“下注”，说得更明确一点就是泰勃供给这些人食品、用品等物品，作为回报，当他们采到矿后就会分给他一部分股份。
答案与详解【短文大意】本文主要讲述霍塞斯·奥斯汀·沃纳·泰勃发家的故事。1. C 细节题。因为Leadville 可以为Tabor 带来巨富。这一点不是Leadville 得名的原因，因为在文章第二段中，讲到这一点时，提及三个原因：A.因为Tabor 成为当地的居民代表人
物， B.因为在Leadville 有丰富的铅的储藏量。D.因为Leadville 是因为Tabor 重要而起的名，唯独 C 没有，因为到后来发现是银矿才给他带来巨富。 2. D 词汇题。第二段中grubstake 的词义与D 所述内容是相同的，即“供给探矿者资金，衣物，食品以及其他物品”。(可参阅英华大辞典修订第二版64页)但此处还补充地讲，作为回报，供给者可以获得矿中资源一定份额。(见文章第二段第4行)
3. A 细节题。Tabor 第一次真正发财是他为两名矿工提供资助，为此他获得他们矿资源三分之一的股份。见文章第三段4-9行内容：两名开矿者从Tabor 那儿借走价值17美元的物品，作为回报，Tabor 获得他们矿资源三分之一股份。于是两位开矿者在一座山旁的不毛之地开始挖掘，九天之后，发现了银的富矿，于是Tabor 又将两人的股份全买下，这样，银矿属于Tabor 一个人所有，这个矿就是后来著名的“匹兹堡”矿。Tabor 用17美元的投资换来了130 万美元的收获。
4. B 推断题。由原文可知泰勃的财产来源是有一定偶然性的，但是毕竟也是基于他开创的“grubstake”模式，因为A、D 都不对，C 更是没有根据，因为他还没有娶第二位夫人这一切就发生了。分析泰勃的做法，会得出B 选项所示的结论。
5. B 推断题。如果本文是一篇文章的第一部分，那么在文章的第二部分将介绍谁呢?key 可以从文章第一句分析出来，在Leadville 的黄金年代，其多彩的特点当中，Tabor 及其第二任妻子Elizabeth McCourt 是值得大书特书的，接着，文章都在讲述有关H.A.W.Tabor 发家致富的历史，如先买下匹兹堡矿，后又买下Matchless 矿，最后成为市长，代理州长，等等，所以涉及到的全是男主人公，因此下边再讲的话，应成为女主人公即Elizabeth McCourt 的天地了，她是Tabor 的第二任妻子。这是顺理成章的事。
(6)
While the cities of China have undergone modernization evident in the rising towers and bright lights that have awakened the sleeping country, the countryside remains largely the same. 『Rectangular rows of rice fields litter the landscape separated by long lanes of water designed to provide the constant supply of water that is vital to producing the crop.』The ① experience is not unlike driving through the American Midwest, only rice not corn dominates the landscape. Four years ago, when I last took this trip, the roads were dust and telephone wires did not run parallel to the highway. Bare roads have been replaced by sleek, newly paved highways running from Shanghai to Nanking, to my smaller, home city, Wuhu. Unlike the changes I had heard of and expected in Shanghai, Wuhu was much more of a surprise. The small city where I was born had grown up as I have. There are large high-rise buildings, each ringed with smaller buildings around it, many of these apartment complexes. Little seemed familiar and I wonder what my grandparent’s flat built of brick and mortar had become. 『Perhaps I shouldn’t have been surprised to find out that their home had been demolished and rebuilt as a six story apartment complex as well. 』②Walking up to the second floor I saw my grandfather’s face peering out of the screen door. He began to smile as he saw me, and so did I. Their home is now no different from a western apartment. Equipped with the modern amenities of a gas stove, a toilet, a shower this was indeed different from four years ago.
1. According to the author, dramatic changes took place in. A. cities but not countryside of China C. countryside but not in large cities B. both cities and countryside of China D. everywhere
2. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that . A. peasants lead similar life all over the world B. Chinese irrigating system is more impressing than that in America C. peasants in Midwest America raise more corns while Chinese peasants raise more rice D. peasants in Midwest
America raise more rice while Chinese peasants raise more corn 3. The author was traveling to Wuhu.
A. in order to take a stop during the trip from Shanghai to Nanking
B. in order to find some place similar to his hometown
C. in order to visit his grand parents
D. in order to find out changes in small cities 4. The author’s grand parents. A. live in their house of brick and mortar B. live in an apartment similar to westerners C. led a totally westernized life D. was poor as they always were 5. Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A. Flash back to China B. From Shanghai to Nanking With My Grand Parents
C. Wuhu Today
D. Back
V ocabulary 1. mortar n. 灰泥2. amenity n. 便利设施5. lane n.小路3. rectangular adj.长方形的6. demolish vt.拆除
4. litter n.乱七八糟的东西长难句解析
①【解析】句子的主干是“…landscape separated by…”，“that”引导的定语从句，修饰“water”。【译文】长方形的稻田杂乱地分布在田野上，田野被一些长长的水槽所隔开，这些水槽是为了提供这些作物生长所必需的水。②【解析】“as well”作“也，又”讲，一般放在句末，而“as well as”作“也，又”讲放在句中。【译文】也许，对于他们家已被拆除，重新盖起了六层的公寓，我不应该感到惊奇。答案与详解【短文大意】本文主要讲述作者回家乡所看到的家乡的巨大变化。1. A 细节题。这道题很简单, 就是考察对第一段那个长句的理解。作者说虽然大城市有巨大的变化, 但是农村还是老样子。2. C 推断题。美国中西部的农民种植玉米较多而中国农民种植大米较多。根据第二段最后一句: 眼前的景象很容易让人想起美国的中西部地区, 只不过那里到处是玉米, 这儿到处是大米。3. C 推断题。芜湖是作者的家乡，他回去是要看望自己的祖父母。 4. B 细节题。作者的祖父母住在一个类似于西方人的房子里面。5. A 主旨题。芜湖，祖父母，旅途都只是文章涉及的一个方面,做标题最适合的还是A 选项。
(7)
While the cities of China have undergone modernization evident in the rising towers and bright lights that have awakened the sleeping country, the countryside remains largely the same. 『Rectangular rows of rice fields litter the landscape separated by long lanes of water designed to provide the constant supply of water that is vital to producing the crop.』The ① experience is not unlike driving through the American Midwest, only rice not corn dominates the landscape. Four years ago, when I last took this trip, the roads were dust and telephone wires did not run parallel to the highway. Bare roads have been replaced by sleek, newly paved highways running from Shanghai to Nanking, to my smaller, home city, Wuhu. Unlike the changes I had heard of and expected in Shanghai, Wuhu was much more of a surprise. The small city where I was born had grown up as I have. There are large high-rise buildings, each ringed with smaller buildings around it, many of these apartment complexes. Little seemed familiar and I wonder what my grandparent’s flat built of brick and mortar had become. 『Perhaps I shouldn’t have been surprised to find out that their home had been demolished and rebuilt as a six story apartment complex as well. 』②Walking up to the second floor I saw my grandfather’s face peerin g out of the screen door. He began to smile as he saw me, and so did I. Their home is now no different from a western apartment. Equipped with the modern amenities of a gas stove, a toilet, a shower this was indeed different from four years ago.
1. According to the author, dramatic changes took place in. A. cities but not countryside of China C. countryside but not in large cities B. both cities and countryside of China D. everywhere
2. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that . A. peasants lead similar life all over the world B. Chinese irrigating system is more impressing than that in America C. peasants in Midwest America raise more corns while Chinese peasants raise more rice D. peasants in Midwest America raise more rice while Chinese peasants raise more corn
3. The author was traveling to Wuhu. A. in order to take a stop during the trip from Shanghai to Nanking B. in order to find some place similar to his hometown C. in order to visit his grand parents D. in order to find out changes in small cities
4. The author’s grand parents. A. live in their house of brick and mortar B. live in an apartment similar to westerners C. led a totally westernized life D. was poor as they always were
5. Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A. Flash back to China B. From Shanghai to Nanking With My Grand Parents V ocabulary 1. mortar n. 灰泥2. amenity n. 便利设施4. litter n.乱七八糟的东西5. lane n.小路
C. Wuhu Today
D. Back
3. rectangular adj.长方形的6. demolish vt.拆除
长难句解析①【解析】句子的主干是“…landscape separated by…”，“that”引导的定语从句，修饰“water”。【译文】长方形的稻田杂乱地分布在田野上，田野被一些长长的水槽所隔开，这些水槽是为了提供这些作物生长所必需的水。②【解析】“as well”作“也，又”讲，一般放在句末，而“as well as”作“也，又”讲放在句中。【译文】也许，对于他们家已被拆除，重新盖起了六层的公寓，我不应该感到惊奇。答案与详解【短文大意】本文主要讲述作者回家乡所看到的家乡的巨大变化。 1. A 细节题。这道题很简单, 就是考察对第一段那个长句的理解。作者说虽然大城市有巨大的变化, 但是农村还是老样子。2. C 推断题。美国中西部的农民种植玉米较多而中国农民种植大米较多。根据第二段最后一句: 眼前的景象很容易让人想起美国的中西部地区, 只不过那里到处是玉米, 这儿到处是大米。3. C 推断题。芜湖是作者的家乡，他回去是要看望自己的祖父母。 4. B 细节题。作者的祖父母住在一个类似于西方人的房子里面。5. A 主旨题。芜湖，祖父母，旅途都只是文章涉及的一个方面,做标题最适合的还是A 选项。
(8)
Today, there are many avenues open to those who wish to continue their education. However, nearly all require some break in one’s career in order to attend school full time. 『Part time education, that is, attending school at night or for one weekend a month, tends to drag the process out over time and puts the completion of a degree program out of reach of many people. 』①Additionally, such programs require a fixed time commitment which can also impact negatively on one’s career and family time.
Of the many approaches to teaching and learning, however, perhaps the most flexible and accommodating is that called distance learning. Distance learning is an educational method which allows the students the flexibility to study at his or her own pace to achieve the academic goals which are so necessary in today’s world. The time required to study may be set aside at the student’s convenience with due regard to all life’s other requirements. Additionally, the student may enroll in distance learning courses from virtually any place in the world, while continuing to pursue their chosen career. 『Tutorial assistance may be available via regular airmail, telephone,
四六级阅读不看文章直接选答案方法 英语四六级阅读理解如何不看文章就能答题呢？四六级英语测试中阅读理解部分是最让考生紧张而又担心的部分。许多考生在做阅读理解部分时，最大感受就是时间紧、答案选项迷惑性大。如何在没有足够时间进行深入阅读或文章太难而看不懂的情况下进行答题，我们在总结、归纳历年四、六级真题特点是基础上，向考生介绍一些紧急情况下的应试技巧。 通过研究历届四、六级阅读理解题，我们发现，在所列出的四个选项中，也有一些普遍性规律可循。如果考生了解、熟悉并掌握了这些规律，他们就可以找到做题时的“第六感觉”，达到所谓超常发挥的水平。如果考生来不及看文章，万般无奈下凭这些规律可以选中不少正确选项。 (一)答案项中有绝对语气词的一般不是正确答案项 这些语气词有：must，always，never，the most，all，only，have to，any，no，very，completely，none，hardly等。 例(1) One of the great changes brought about by the knowledge society is that _____ .(1995年6月六级题22) A. the difference between the employee and the employer has become insignificant. B. people’s traditional concepts about work no longer hold true. C. most people have to take part-time jobs. D. people have to change their jobs from time to time. 分析：四个选项中，C、D两项中都含有“have to”，语气太绝对化，一般被排除。考生在剩下两项中进行选择，就大大降低了难度。 例（2）The main idea of this passage is that _____ .(1991年6月六级题40) A．better use of green space facilities should be made so as to improve the quality of our life. B. attention must be directed to the improvement of recreative possibilities. C. the urban environment is providing more recreation activities than it did many years ago. D. priority must be given to the development of obligatory activities. 分析：B、D两项中均有must be，语气太绝对化，故一般被排除。考生结合短文内容在剩下两项中进行选择，命中率就极高了。 （二）选项中含有不十分肯定的语气词一般是正确答案项 这些语气词有：can，could，may，should，usually，might，most(大多数)，more or less，relatively，be likely to，possible，whether or，not necessarily 等。 例（1）It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes .(1999年6月四级题30) A．Americans are more ambitious than people in other countries B. in many countries success often depends on one’s social status C. American businesses are more democratic than those in other countries D. businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in America 分析：选项B中often 一词，语气委婉，不十分肯定，故为答案。而其它三项中所表达出的语气都明显绝对化。) 例(2) According to the passage the problems of college education partly arise from the fact that A. society can’t provide enough jobs for properly trained college graduates B. high school graduates do not fit the pattern of college education C. too many students have to earn their own living D. college administrators encourage students to drop out
Passage1 Reading leadership literature, you’d sometimes think that everyone has the potential to be an effective leader. 读领导文学，你有时会认为每个人都有可能成为一个有效的领导者。 I don’t believe that to be true. In fact, I see way fewer truly effective leaders than I see people stuck in positions of leadership who arc sadly incompetent and seriously misguided about their own abilities. 我不相信这是真的。事实上，我认为真正有效的领导者的方式比我看到的人都陷在领导的职位上，遗憾的是他们自己的能力不称职，严重误导了他们。 Part of the reason this happens is a lack of honest self-assessment by those who aspire to（追求）leadership in the first place. 对产生这种现象的原因一部分是由那些渴望缺乏诚实的自我评估（追求）放在首位的领导 We've all met the type of individual who simply must take charge. Whether it's a decision-making session, a basketball game, or a family outing, they can't help grabbing the lead dog position and clinging on to it for dear life. They believe they're natural born leaders. 我们都遇到了个人的类型，他们必须负责。无论是决策会议，篮球比赛，还是家庭外出，他们都不能不抓住领导的狗的地位，并紧紧抓住它，因为亲爱的生命。他们相信他们是天生的领袖。 Truth is, they're nothing of the sort. True leaders don't assume that it's their divine（神圣的）right to take charge every time two or more people get together. Quite the opposite. A great leader will assess each situation on its merits, and will only take charge when their position, the situation, and/or the needs of the moment demand it. 事实是，他们没有什么样的。真正的领导者不认为这是他们的神圣（神圣的）负责每次两个或两个以上的人在一起吧。恰恰相反。一个伟大的领导者会对每一个情况进行评估，并在他们的位置、情况和/或需要的情况下，只会负责。
阅读题型一：中心主旨题 首先我们在拿到题目的时候要能够识别出来，什么样的题目才是中心主旨题。小伙伴们在题干中发现了subject、summarize、main idea、mainly about、best title、primarily about、main topic等表达方式的时候就可以断定为主旨题了。小伙伴们在遇到中心主旨题的时候，要注意找到文章的中心词和主旨句，注意文章的首段和尾段的首尾句，这四句话中很有可能会出现文章的主旨句。而中心词就更好找了，一般中心词就是在文章中出现频率最高的词汇，另外，一般中心主旨题的题干中也会出现中心词，小伙伴们在做题的时候可要擦亮自己火眼金睛啊! 阅读题型二：细节题 细节题是我们四六级阅读的一大题型，题干中出现了明显的词汇、因果关系、作者观点、具体事实的等能够直接对应到文章中的定位信息的题目，一般就可以判定为是细节题了。我们在做题的时候首先要找到定位到文章中的关键词，然后根据定位的位置浏览文章，从文章中找到题目的答案。在这里小伙伴们要注意了，一般来说我们四六级阅读命题的时候会遵循题文同序的原则，所以小伙伴们在做题的时候应该对题目对应的段落位置有一个大概的把握。 阅读题型三：态度题 做态度题的时候小伙伴们首先要明确态度题的答题三要素，分别是态度的主体、态度的对象和态度的表达。接下来要分清楚是全文态度题还是局部态度题，全文态度题一般以作者来作为态度的主体，以文章主题来作为对象进行考查;而局部态度题考查的则是某一部分或某一事件的态度，态度主体、对象和表达都是不一定的。小伙伴们在做这类题目的时候首先要分清态度的主体和对象，然后对应到文章中的相应段落，然后分析得出答案。 阅读题型四：词汇题 词汇题一般考查的是小伙伴们的词汇辨析能力，题干中会要求对某个单词或短语进行含义的推测，或者进行同义词替换。小伙伴们如果遇到不认识的单词的时候就要联系上下文来推测词汇的含义了;首先要根据词汇定位到文章的相应段落中，然后载根据上下文语境推测出含义。要留意的是，英语中很多词汇往往都不是字面上的意思，所以小伙伴们做完题之后一定要代入原文验证。 阅读题型五：推理题 题干中出现infer、learn、imply、conclude、suggest、indicate等词汇的时候就可以判定为推理题了。首先推理题分为三种类型，包含具体定位信息的细节推理题、包含具体段落信息的段落推理题以及全文推理题。一般来说，段落中的首尾句、中心句和观点句是出推理题的重灾区，同时出现转折关系的地方、包含强调和递进关系的地方也都是推理题经常光顾的地方。推理题在实质上还是一种同义词改写，小伙伴们要注意，推理题还是必须以原文为依据的。
英语四六级阅读理解 1.选词填空 选词填空题是大学英语四级考试的新题型，占整个考试分值的10%。选词填空题的文章长度在220—250词左右，要求从给出的15个词中选择10个填入合适的空中。选词填空题的题目在考试*大设计时并非拿来一篇短文随便去掉几个词，设计者一般遵循以下原则：首句不设空;一句话中不设两空;设空比较均匀，基本覆盖整个段落;设空不影响考生对文章大意的理解;选项所提供的词皆为实义词，包括：名词、动词、形容词、副词等，它们与文章的上下文紧密联系;每个正确选项均有干扰项，相互干扰的选项之间不是同义词或近义词。因此，要做好选词填空题，必须要在熟悉选项、通读全文、把握文章结构与大意的前提下，根据所提供的词汇及句子的结构、语法和语篇等信息，通过逻辑推理、对比等手段最后确定答案。 (一)题型介绍 一篇长度为220个单词左右的文章，在文章当中挖掉10个单词，后面设置15个选项，要求选择正确的单词填入文章。该部分测试主要考查考生对诸如连贯性、一致性、逻辑联系等语篇、语段整体特征以及单词在实际语境中的理解。 即：要求考生在理解文章的基础上弄清篇章的宏观结构，并进一步地具体细化到对每个单词的微观处理，如词性，时态等方面。 (二)解题技巧 首先，各位考生跳读全文，根据首末段原则以及首末句原则，快速抓住文章的主题。 其次，仔细阅读各个选项。把每个单词进行分类归纳。 然后，回到文中，分析句子结构，判断出句中所缺成分及所需要词性。 最后，返回原文，检查是否通顺、内在逻辑关系是否连贯，如有问题，需要谨慎地进行微调。 (三)注意事项
①重点分析动词的时态和语态(注意一般现在时中第三人称单数形式)，名词的单复数等。根据上下文时态对应等原则，进一步缩小选择范围。 ②选项中出现一组反义词时，有一个是干扰选项。 ③选项中出现代词时，该选项一定不能放在首句。 ④选项中出现一组近义词时，有一个通常是干扰选项，它注重考查的是词汇的精确理解。 ⑤选项为连词时，要特别注意句子间存在的逻辑关系。 常见的逻辑关系：因果，并列平行，递进，转折，对比，前后意思一致等。 ⑥先易后难，要有全局观。 做题时先把最有把握的词挑出，然后去除该选项，逐步缩小选择范围。 选词填空题的解题步骤及技巧： 一、浏览全文和选项 这一步是为了了解文章的大致内容和选项，做到心中有数。主要关注文章中涉及的人物、事件、地方、原因以及结果。反复出现的词将会是帮助大家掌握文章大致内容的重要线索。 二、确定选项的词性 选项中的15个词是考查的关键，对于熟悉的单词标明词性和词义，不熟悉的单词或者不认识的单词只需标明词性。 辨别词性要注意以下几点： 1. 动词分为谓语动词和非谓语动词。非谓语动词包括：动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。过去分词有两种可能性(形容词和动词的过去分词), 无法确定时标问号。
阅读方法和做题方法概括四句话： 1、扫读题干关键词 2、浏览原文作标记 3、比较选项得答案 4、迅速排除省力气其中核心是浏览原文作标记需要标记的地方： 1指示性的具体信息如时间、人物、数字、地点 2与文章结构有关的中心信息包括：主题句转折词（but however yet出现这几个词的时候一般都会考到） 必须知道的技巧： （一）答案项中有绝对语气词的一般不是正确答案项。这些语气词有：must，always，never，the most，all，only，have to，any，no，very，completely，none，hardly等。 例（1）One of the great changes brought about by the knowledge society is that _____ ． A．the difference between the employee and the employer has become insignificant． B．people‘s traditional concepts about work no longer hold true． C．most people have to take part－time jobs． D．people have to change their jobs from time to time． 分析：四个选项中，C、D两项中都含有“have to”，语气太绝对化，一般被排除。考
生在剩下两项中进行选择，就大大降低了难度。 例（2）The main idea of this passage is that _____ ． A．better use of green space facilities should be made so as to improve the quality of our life． B．attention must be directed to the improvement of recreative possibilities．C．the urban environment is providing more recreation activities than it did many years ago． D．priority must be given to the development of obligatory activities． 分析：B、D两项中均有must be，语气太绝对化，故一般被排除。考生结合短文内容在剩下两项中进行选择，命中率就极高了。 （二）选项中含有不十分肯定的语气词一般是正确答案项。这些语气词有：can，could，may，should，usually，might，most，more or less，relatively，be likely to，possible，whether or，not necessarily 等。 例（1）It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes ．A．Americans are more ambitious than people in other countries B．in many countries success often depends on one‘s social status C．American businesses are more democratic than those in other countries D．businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in America 分析：选项B中often 一词，语气委婉，不十分肯定，故为答案。而其它三项中所表达出的语气都明显绝对化。
英语四六级阅读态度题答题技巧 1、态度题表现形式 态度题一般提问方式是：The author’s attitude towards ┄is _____. 或者是What is the author’s attitude towards _______? 2、态度题解题方法 从原则上来讲，态度题可以考查作者对一个中心话题的看法，也可以考查作者对某一具体细节的态度，但是从历年考法来看，四级阅读更加注重考查文章中心话题。所以，态度题经常可以通过文章主题来判断作者的态度。如2003年6月考题， 原文首句：It’s no secret that many children would be healthier and happier with adoptive parents than with the parents that nature dealt them. 题目：The author’s attitude towards the judge’s ruling could be described as______. A) doubtful B) critical C) cautious D) supportive 全文首句可以体现文章讨论的中心话题，它明确道出了作者的观点：有时小孩与养父母在一起比与亲生父母在一起更好。而原文中judge’s ruling的结果就是把小孩判给了养父，所以作者一定会持支持态度，故选D。 3、态度题注意点 考生应该熟练掌握在态度题中经常出现的单词，如positive, negative, optimistic, pessimistic, approving, concerned, objective, compromise等。另外，从以前四级考试的情况来看，作者的态度一般是或褒或贬，或乐观或担忧，中性评价为正确答案的较少。
四级第二套 Section C Passage One Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. Across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer than the less-skilled. Some 65% of American men aged 62-74 with a professional degree are in the workforce, compared with 32% of men with only a high-school certificate. This gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-educatedwell-off and the unskilled poor. Rapid technological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled. The consequences, for individuals and society, are profound. The world is facing an astonishing rise in the of old people, and they will live longer than ever before. Over the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more will almost double, from 600 million to 1.1 billion. The experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity(长寿)translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth, while the swelling ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems. But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled. Employment rates are failing among younger unskilled people, whereas older skilled folk are working longer.The divide is most extreme in America, where well-educated baby-boomers(二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人)areputting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have abandoned policies that used Xto retire early. Rising life expectancy(预期生命),combined with the replace- Xpension plans with less generous defined-contribution ones, means that even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement. But the changing nature of work also plays a big role. Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to reap rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive that the preceding generation. Technological charge may well reinforce that shift; the skills that complement computers, from management knowhow to creativity, do not necessarily decline with age. 57.What is happening in the workforce in rich countries? A.Younger people are replacing the elderly. B.Well-educated people tend to work longer. C.Unemployment rates are rising year after year. D.People with no collage degree do not easily find work. 【答案】B 58.What has helped deepen the divide between the well-off and the poor? A.Longer life expectancies. B.A rapid technological advance. C.Profound changes in the workforce. D.A growing number of the well-educated. 【答案】B 59.What do many observers predict in view of the experience of the experience of the 20th century? A.Economic growth will slow down.
四六级新题型之段落信息匹配题复习技巧 四六级考试改革后，阅读部分占整张试卷总分值的35%，而我们的考试时间只有40分钟，因此建议大家在段落信息匹配题中花的时间千万不要超过15分钟，所以整体上看做阅读时需要注意一个很重要的问题：严控时间。 每一年考四六级的考生中，都会有很多考生因为时间不够、题做不完而折戟沉沙，而几乎全国考生都会在一个阅读这个模块超时大量的时间，而且由于我们的精度得分确实太大，因为20%的精读只有10道题，一道题占2%乘以710分，一道精读题目的分数就达到了14.2分将近15分。分值太大导致各位同同学容易在这个地方花去大量时间，但是你要明白这个部分的时间花的再久也只有20%，你完全没有理由因为20%去损失另外一个10%，而且你还不能确定你这20%是否可以得到一个非常好的成绩，所以提醒大家：掌控时间非常重要，每一个环节限时来做，而现在做题的时候就必须要控制时间。 对于段落信息匹配题，我们建议广大考生按照以下方法练习： 第一：先题后文 先看题再看文章能够将更多简单的题先做出来，当你发现简单题全部处理完毕之后，剩下的难题可以再重新回到文章当中再去找那些已经被挑剩下的段落。所以不管怎么样一定是先题后文，稍后再文题同步或先文后题。 第二：关键词定位（key words positioning）和同义替换（paraphrasing） 其实阅读只考两件事，一件事情是简单的：看到什么，定位什么，选择什么；而另外一个则是通过定位确定这个位置，然后再进行一个切换之后发现原来这个东西就是另外一个东西。 今年四六级组季会发布的样题中，关于段落信息匹配题是这样表述的：You have to identify the paragraph from which the information is derived“你需要去确认信息是来自于哪一个段落的”。换一个表达方式叫做which paragraph contains the following information（哪一段包含了以下的信息）。接下来我们用样题来分析一下关键词定位（key words positioning）和同义替换（paraphrasing）在段落信息匹配题中如何实践。 1、关键词定位（key words positioning） Since the mid-1970s, the enrollment of overseas students has increased at an annual rate of 3.9 percent. 像这道题就属于比较简单的题目。这道题是来自于四级样卷的Q47，当这道题出现的时候，
2014年12月大学英语四六级考试备考资料《阅读理解》提升技巧一、考前20天，复习重点以做历年真题为主。 在最后这20天，阅读部分相对于听力、完形还是有很大的提升空间。在最后的这20天中，一切都要以真题为主导。就是以我们过去考过的，新六级和新四级真题为主导。因为真题能非常好地告诉我们一个方向，就是说会考什么题材，包括什么教育类的，还是环境类的，还是经济类的文章，会通过真题，大家可以总结出来。这样有助于大家在考试中一个很好的发挥。特别要说举个例子，在我们过去的四、六级考试，只要考了教育类的文章，一般都会涉及到美国或者英国的教育体制，一些弊端或问题，一般会在文章的最后对这个问题提出一些解决的办法。你只要把真题解决好了，一般来说在考试对文章的主题就会把握地非常清楚。所以说做真题对我们来说还是有很大的帮助的。 那么在最后一个月当中，我们不太建议把所有重心都放在背单词上面。其实阅读理解对单词的确有一定的要求，但是单词并不是最主导的。在整个考试当中，单词在听力当中
会有一个更好的体现出来。所以说我不建议大家最后一个月，花大量的时间来背单词。更好地还是以做题为主。 二、四、六级阅读考试以细节题为主导，选择答案时不要进行推导，更多地只是以文章信息为主导来选择一个原文的信息或者是同义改写的信息，以提高选项的正确率。 相信很多同学都遇到这样的问题，明明4个选项，排除了A和B，剩下了C和D，该是C的时候总是选的D，那么原因是这样的，为什么我们四、六级考试的时候，你总会感觉这个是对的，但是多想起来就会选错。原因是四、六级考试主要还是以细节题为主导，所谓的细节题呢就是它考的是文章的一些细节信息，并不对文章的细节做一个引申或是延续。 四、六级考试就是考一个表层的信息，所以四、六级考试的选项只是对原文的单词进行改写。比如说原文是主导语态，到选项里变成了被动语态。或者把单词就是进行一个同义的改写。本来这个单词这样一个表达意思，那可能到选项里是另外一个单词来表达，但意思是一样的。就是说它不需要进行推导的，所以说你为什么多想就会选错，因为你选了一个推导项。而事实上只要选择一个表层信息就可以了。所
大学英语四六级仔细阅 读答案规律总结 SANY GROUP system office room 【SANYUA16H-SANYHUASANYUA8Q8-
大学英语四六级仔细阅读答案规律总结 1.中心思想与正确答案有什么关系? 中心思想是答案。这个特征具有最明显的科学性。首先，一篇论证合理的文章，其使用的每个字词、每一句话都应该是为中心思想服务的，而大学英语四六级考试中所选的文章肯定是写得好的文章，所以文章中的所有细节都应该是服务于中心思想的。其次，大纲要求命题专家在出题时，也得让考生在思考文章中心的基础上答题，所以考题的正确答案必须与中心思想一致，否则就违背了考试大纲。所以，有了这两点依据，我们可以相信，如果某一选项与中心思想(文章的中心思想或段落的中心思想)一致，它很可能是正确答案。 2.照抄原文的选项和同义替换的选项与正确答案有什么关系? 照抄原文一般不是答案；同义替换可能是答案。“偷天换日”是出题人常用的又一伎俩，利用考生做题时间紧，很多细节来不及细看，甚至来不及将所有的四个选项看完这一薄弱之处，将干扰项做成与原文句子结构及词汇都几乎一模一样的形式，只略微改动其中的一个词或几个词，从而造成意思上的变化；或者利用原文中的词来伪造选项或断章取义，使干扰项亦真亦假，是非难辨。这种干扰项多半是前半句甚至是前大半句是原文内容，只是换了最后几个词，让人防不胜防。我们在做题时就得心中有数，对照抄原文的选项要小心上当，而对选项中原文词句的同义替换敏感。 3.含义肯定的选项和含义不肯定的选项与正确答案有什么关系? 含义肯定、绝对的一般不是答案，含义不肯定的可能是答案。前面我们谈到考点“路标”时曾说过：强烈的表达容易成为考点，原因是它们都有一个共同特点：概念绝对，答案惟一，无论是命题还是答题，不会产生歧义和疑问，因此容易命题，答案不会模棱两可。但到了选项之后，情况正好相反，肯定、绝对的选项往往容易把话说过了，而不肯定的选项却因为涵盖面宽，容易成为答案。 表示绝对含义的常见词汇：must,always,never,the most(最高级)， all,only,any,none,sole,entirely,every,absolutely,totally等。有这些词的 选项往往是干扰项，但在表示原因、方式、方法时有例外。 表示相对含义的常见词汇：can,could,may,usually,might,most(大多数),more or less,relatively,nearly,possibly,not enough,suggest,seem等。还有“部分”含义的词汇，也经常作为答案出现，如 part,partial,some(someone,somebody,sometime,something,certain［一定程度上］)等。答案选项中常会出现这些词。 4.含义矛盾或句式复杂的选项与正确答案有什么关系?
英语四级阅读模拟题及 答案 SANY标准化小组 #QS8QHH-HHGX8Q8-GNHHJ8-
2015年6月英语四级阅读模拟题 03及答案 Section C Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A ),B．, C． andD． . You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage. Educators today are more and more often heard to say that computer literacy is absolutely necessary for college students. Many even argue that each incoming freshman should have permanent access to his or hcr own microcomputer. What advantages do computers offer the college students
四六级仔细阅读答题技巧 四六级考试阅读总占比为35%，其中仔细阅读就占了20%，其重要性可想而，但要在8-10分钟内做完五道题，对于基础薄弱的同学们，还是有些难度的，所以需要掌握一定的技巧和方法！下面跟着雷哥单词小词君一起看看大神是如何搞定阅读题的~ 仔细阅读题型 1细节题 仔细阅读题目，弄清题目的具体要求，以及所给4个选项。在题目或选项中确定关键词，再利用关键词回文章中定位，找出文章中相对应的细节性句子，与4个选项进行对照，以确定正确答案。 2主旨题 确定文章有无主题句，以及主题句在文章中的位置。如有主题句，就能很容易确定文章或段落的主题。如没有明显的主题句，就带着问题细读文章的首段和尾段找出其中心，抓住每个段落的主题句，明确文章的中心思想。 3推理题 对某个细节进行推断---先在文中找到该细节所在的句子，在正确理解该句的基础上推断出未知的事实。根据文章推测作者的观点、目的、态度和思路---先确定文章的中心思想，再根据中心和作者所陈述的事实及细节进行推断。推断文章中没出现的前一段或下一段的内容---仔细阅读并理解了文章内容的基础上，重点分析文章的首、尾两段尤其是文章的开始句和结束句。 4语义题 找到该词或短语所在的句子。确定词性以及单词、短语等在句子中所起的语法作用，明确整个句子的含义。对上下文进行分析，确定上下文中是否有该词的定义、同义词、近义词或反义词，从而可以判断出正确答案。根据上下文逻辑关系，联系日常生活中的有关常识，分析出合理的场景因素推断单词或短语的含义。 5观点态度题 注意文中带有感情色彩的词，通过这些词可以推测出作者对所论述问题的态度。注意作者对文章所论述问题的客观描述，通过这些描述推测出作者对其的看法和态度。 而细节题在四六级阅读中题量较大，占到60%——70%的题量，可以说是仔细阅读题的成败的关键。 这类题特点是题干的信息比较具体，考查文章中的重要细节。如2005年1月份考题：“Free play has been introduced in some Japanese kindergartens in order to”， 本题通过“free play”，“some Japanese kindergartens”反映了原文考查对象，题干内容比较具体，属于细节分析。 又如2005年6月份出现的题目：“What did the handball player do when he was not allowed a
2007 PART III CLOSE [15 MIN] Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks.Mark the best choice for each blank on your answer sheet. Until I took Dr Offutt’s class in DeMatha High school , I was an underachieving student,but I left that class (31)_______never to underachieve again.He not only 31. A.concerned B.worried C.determined D.decided Taught me to think,he convinced me,(32)________by example as 32. A. as much B. much as C. as such D. such as Words that it was my moral (33)_______to do so and to serve 33.A. work B. job C. duty D.obligation others. (34)_____of us could know how our relationship would 34.A. Both B. Neither C. Either D. Each (35)_______over the years .When I came back to DeMatha to 35. A. evolve B. stay C. remain D. turn teach English, I worked for Dr Offutt,the department chair.My discussion with him were like graduate seminars in adolescent (36)______,classroom management and school leadership. 36.A.process B.procedure C.development D.movement After several years,I was (37)_______department chair, 37.A.called https://www.doczj.com/doc/e912602859.html,d C.asked D.invited and our relationship(38)________again. I thought that it might 38.A. moved B. altered C. went D. shifted be (39)______chairing the department ,since all of 39.A.awkward B.uneasy C.unnatural D.former
The "standard of living" of any country means the average person's share of the goods and services which the country produces. A country's standard of living, therefore, depends first and foremost on its capacity to produce wealth. "Wealth" in this sense is not money, for we do not live on money but on things that money can buy: "goods" such as food and clothing, and "services" such as transport and entertainment. A country's capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors, most of which have an effect on one another. Wealth depends to a great extent upon a country's natural resources, such as coal, gold, and other minerals, water supply and so on. Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have a fertile soil and a favorable climate; other regions possess perhaps only one of these things, and some regions possess none of them. The U. S. A is one of the wealthiest regions of the world because she has vast natural resources within her borders, her soil is fertile, and her climate is varied. The Sahara Desert, on the other hand, is one of the least wealthy. Next to natural resources comes the ability to turn them to use. China is perhaps as well off as the U. S. A. in natural resources, but suffered for many years from civil and external wars, and for this and other reasons was. unable to develop her resources. Sound and stable political conditions, and freedom from foreign invasion, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to produce more wealth than another country equally well served by nature but less well ordered. Another important factor is the technical efficiency of a country's people. Old countries that have, through many centuries, trained up numerous skilled craftsmen and technicians are better placed to produce wealth than countries whose workers are largely unskilled. Wealth also produces wealth. As a country becomes wealthier, its people have a large margin for saving, and can put their savings into factories and machines which will help workers to turn out more goods in their working day. 1. A country's wealth depends upon______. , A. its standard of living B. its money C. its ability to provide goods and services D. its ability to provide transport and entertainment 2. The word "foremost" means______. A. most importantly B. firstly C. largely D. for the most part 3. The main idea of the second paragraph is that______. A. a country's wealth depends on many factors B. the U. S. A. is one of the wealthiest countries in the world C. the Sahara Desert is a very poor region D. natural resources are an important factor in the wealth or poverty of a country 4. The third paragraph mentions some of the advantages which one country may have over another in making use of its resources. How many such advantages are mentioned in this paragraph? A. 2 B. 3考试大论坛 C. 4 D. 5 5. The second sentence.in Paragraph 3 is______. A. the main idea of the paragraph B. an example supporting the main idea of the paragraph