新世纪大学英语综合教程4课后习题翻译答案 - 副本

Unit 11. disaster2. compelled3. historical4. disciplined5. destruction6. output7. retreat8. abandoned9. trace 10. eternal 11. investment 12. transfer 13. justify 14. nonetheless 15. contributions 16. accelerate 17. threaten1. show signs of2. called upon3. off limits4. in fear of5. slow down6. cut down7. from head to foot8. come by9. lost out 10. As yet 11. reside insmoke + fog; web + log; breakfast + lunch ;medical + care ;motor + hotel; net + citizen ;science + fiction; work + alcoholic2Anthropology: the scientific study of the human race, especially of its origins, development, customs and beliefsArchaeology: the study of the buried remains of the ancient times, such as houses, pots, tools, and weaponsEcology: the study of the relations of plants, animals, and people to each other and to their surroundingsGeology: the study of rocks, soils, etc. which make up the Earth, and of their changes during the history of the worldIdeology: a set of ideas that an economic or political system is based onMusicology: the study of the history and theory of musicPsychology: the scientific study of the mind and how it influences behaviourSociology: the scientific study of the nature and development of society and social behaviour Zoology: the scientific study of animals and their behaviour1. collective individual2. consistent contradictory3. constructive destructive4. irrational rational5. modern primitive6. natural synthetic7. nearby distant8. optimistic pessimistic9. replaceable irreplaceable10. small enormous1. She wished us health and success in the new year.2. He asked how we were getting along with our work.3. Jack said to me that I would be happy to know that his condition had improved.4. Rose asked Jack whether he was sure his mother would like the idea.5. He asked John how long he had been waiting for them.6. She said I needn't have done all that myself.</1. The strikers protested to the police that they had no right to arrest them.2. He promised that he would give us whatever assistance we needed.3. He agreed (that) that was the best solution to the problem.4. My sister admitted that it was she who had broken the glass.5. He declared that he meant what he said and would never go back on his word.6. The man i nsisted that we give an explanation of what had happened.7. Mrs. Don't complained that no one showed concern for the elderly in that country.8. The sales manager explained that he couldn't give us a definite answer because he had not received instructions from his company.(1) realm (2) elemental (3) obtain (4) stubbornly (5) transferred (6) transformed (7) subdued (8) expansion (9) irreplaceable (10) extinct (11) dynamic (12) verge (13) moderate (14) ecological (15) rational1. The village is so close to the border that the villagers live in constant fear of attacks from the enemy.2. In only twenty years the country was transformed into an advanced industrial power.3. This company has evolved into one of the major chemical manufacturing bases in this region.4. Given the current financial situation, it is inevitable that the US dollar will be further devalued.5. The government's call for suggestions about the control of water pollution produced very little response from the citizens.6. The weather showed no signs of getting better so the government called upon us to get prepared for floods.7. At one time scientists thought that there was nothing smaller than an atom but now most people know that an atom consists of even smaller particles.8. The students were all very much concerned about the World Cup, spending at least two hours every day watching the live matches on TV.9. The department store lost out because loans were very hard to come by and it could not start business on time. 10. We can't go there for a walk because there is a navy base there, which is off limits to tourists.Human brings live in the realm of nature. They are not only dwellers in nature, but also transformers of it. With the development of society and its economy, people tend to become less dependent on nature directly, but indirectly their dependence grows. Human beings are connected with nature by "blood" ties. No one can live outside nature. However, the previous dynamic balance between man and nature has shown signs of breaking down. Problems such as the population explosion, ecological imbalance and the shortage of natural resources have become major factors keeping human society from being further developed. Professor Spirkin holds that the only choice for human beings is the wise organization of production and care for Mother Nature.My Understanding of Environmental ProtectionMan and the environment are closely related. Man relies on the environment for water, food and shelter. A harmonious relationship between man and However, man and the environment have never been on such bad terms as they are now. As society develops, man’s transformation of nature has severely polluted his living environment. Deforestation leads to changes in rainfall patterns, causing devastating floods, droughts and sandstorms. The discharge of chemical pollutants endangers our health and the lives of other beings. And mass production has resulted in the shortage of irreplaceable natural resources such as coal and oil. If we take no immediate and effective steps to protect our environment, human beings may be the next species to become extinct. ••••••We should do our best to protect our environment by planting more trees, taking care of wildlife, reducing industrial wastes, using renewable energy, and imposing heavy fines on environmentally-unfriendly activities, so as to preserve the environment for future generations.U21）mass 2）gambled 3）voluntary 4）hunted 5）classified 6）abolished 7）division 8）senseless 9）fashions 10）coordination 11）declarations 12）spanned13）recommended 14）moderately 15）slightest1）stands a chance 2）ruled out 3）worthy of 4）gone through 5）in the strict sense 6）At a guess 7）earns a living 8）coincide with 9）gone in for 10）got their teeth into（1）enjoy （2）physical （3）compelled （4）necessity （5）support（6）mental （7）idealize （8）status （9）values （10）classified（11）essential （12）mind （13）attitude （14）fortunate1、随着她个人生活的细节越来越多地被媒体披露出来，她不得不辞去公司总经理的职务。

Unit ONEEnhance Your Language Awareness Words in Action▆Working with Words and Expressions1.In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete thefollowing sentences with the words given. Change the form where necessary.▆Answers:1> spark2> compelled3> bare4> scrape5> destruction6> output7> retreat8> tipped9> miracle10> eternal11> pile12> transfer13> mass14> thereby15> have emerged16> trigger17> threaten18> consumed19> hollow2.In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Complete thesentences with them. Change the form where necessary.▆Answers:1> show signs of2> cope with3> lives in fear of4> tough it out5> cut down6> from head to foot7> searched out8> nothing short of9> As yet10> settle in11> take heart▆Increasing Your Word Power1.You will read six pairs of words which are similar in meaning but are different in usage.Reflect on the differences in usage between the words in each group and fill in each blank with a proper one. Change the form if necessary.▆ Answers:1> temptation2> attraction3> chance4> opportunity5> states6> country7> warned8> threatened / threatens9> refuse10> reject11> total12> gross2. A blend is a word produced by combining parts of other words, such as "comsat〞from"communications〞and "satellite〞. Try to find out what words the following blends are formed from. You may consult a dictionary if necessary.▆Answers:3.Fill in the blanks in Column B with an adjective in Text A. The target adjective must beopposite in meaning to the one in Column A and must form a correct collocation with the noun in Column C.▆ Answers:1> individual2> contradictory3> destructive4> rational5> primitive6> synthetic7> distant8> pessimistic9> irreplaceable10> enormousGrammar in Context1.Study the following sentences from Text B and point out the grammatical function of eachof the present participles used as an adverbial.▆ Answers:1> an adverbial of accompanying circumstances2>an adverbial of accompanying circumstances3>an adverbial of result4> an adverbial of result5> an adverbial of manner; accompanying circumstances6> an adverbial of result7> an adverbial of time2 plete the following sentencesby translating the Chinese in the brackets into English, usinga present participle as an adverbial.▆ Answers:1> killing thousands upon thousands of people2> raising the average yield by 15 percent3> trying to deduce its operating principle4> Seeing that everyone was bending over his/her book5> Not having heard from his parents for a long time6> leaving the project unfinished7> Turning to the right8> Not wanting to make the patient nervousCloze▆Complete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.▆ Answers:<1> realm<2> elemental<3> obtain<4>stubbornly<5> transferred<6> transformed<7> subdued<8> expansion<9> irreplaceable<10> extinct<11> dynamic<12>verge<13> moderate<14> ecological<15> rationalTranslation1. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.▆ Answers for Reference:1> The village is so close to the border that the villagers lived in constant fear of attacks from the enemy.2> In only twenty years the country was transformed into an advanced industrial power.3> Seeing the project successfully completed, those who had invested so much time and energy in it felt very proud.4> Given the current financial situation, it is inevitable that the US dollar will be further devalued.5> There are so many vehicles nowadays that the roads in this area are barely adequate to cope with the present traffic.6> The weather showed no signs of getting better so the government called upon us to get prepared for floods.7> Alice had been confined to bed for over 10 years after the traffic accident, and so her recovery seemed nothing short of a miracle.8> The students were all very much concerned about the World Cup, spending at least two hours every day watching the live matches on TV.9> Thomas said that his family had settled in Florida more than half a century ago.10> Ask for help. Don’t tough it out yourself. I learned this lesson early in my life.2.Translate the following passage into English.▆ Answers for reference:Human beings live in the realm of nature. They are not only dwellers in nature, but also transformers of it. With the development of society and its economy, people tend to become less dependent on nature directly, but indirectly their dependence grows.Human beings are connected with nature by "blood〞ties. No one can live outside nature. However, the previous dynamic balance between man and nature has shown signs of breakingdown. Problems such as the population explosion, ecological imbalance and the shortage of natural resources have become major factors keeping human society from being further developed.Professor Spirkin holds that the only choice for human beings is the wise organization of production and care for Mother Nature.Theme-Related Writing▆ Write an essay of no less than 150 words on the topic "My Understanding of Environmental Protection〞. Your writing should cover the following points:1> the relationship between man and the environment2> the urgency of environmental protection3> ways to protect the environment▆Sample essayMy Understanding of Environmental ProtectionMan and the environment are closely related. Man relies on the environment for water, food and shelter. A harmonious relationship between man and the environment is essential for human survival on the earth.However, man and the environment have never been on such bad terms as they are now. As society develops, man’s transformation of nature has severely polluted his living environment. Deforestation leads to changes in rainfall patterns, causing devastating floods, droughts and sandstorms. The discharge of chemical pollutants endangers our health and the lives of other beings. And mass production has resulted in the shortage of irreplaceable natural resources such as coal and oil. If we take no immediate and effective steps to protect our environment, human beings may be the next species to become extinct.We should do our best to protect our environment by planting more trees,taking care of wildlife, reducing industrial wastes, using renewable energy, and imposing heavy fines on environmentally-unfriendly activities, so as to preserve the environment for future generations.<167 words>Unit TwoMan and TechnologyEnhance Your Language AwarenessWords in Action▆Working with Words and Expressions3.In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete thefollowing sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.▆ Answers:1)productivity2)phenomenon3)isolation4)gradual5)opponent6)advent7)genetic8)universal9)extreme10)nasty11)boom12)formal13)survey14)Similarly15)modify16)rough4.In the box below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do youunderstand their meanings? Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary.▆Answers:1)at the same time2)are stuck with3)for certain4)make no difference5)on average6)when it comes to7)are better off8)builtinto9)come to mind10)close to11)infavor of▆Increasing Your Word Power1.You will read six pairs of words which are similar in meaning but are differentin usage.Reflect on the differences in usage between the words in each groupand fill in each blank with a proper one. Change the form if necessary.▆Answers:1)exterior2)external3)delightful4)pleasant5)separate6)isolate7)company8)companion9)acquire10)learn11)ripe12)mature2.Fill in each blank with one of the words listed below in the appropriate form,payingspecial attention to the meaning and spelling.▆Answers:1)accept2)oppression3)loss4)excerpts5)depression6)loose7)except8)expectations9)lose10)suppress3.Words that come from the same root may be said to belong to the same family.Gettingacquainted with each member of the family is a sure way to increaseyour word power.Now complete the following table with words of the samefamily. You may consult a dictionary if necessary.▆Answers:1)technology2)eternity3)miracle4)relevance5)analysis6)luxurious7)leisurely / leisured8)subjective9)prosperous10)innovativeGRAMMAR IN CONTEXTTask 1: Complete the following sentences with appropriate connectives listed in thefollowing table.▆ Answers:1)Whatever2)Although / Though3)whereas4)However5)though / although6)Granted / Granting that7)as8)WhileTask 2: Translate the following sentences into English.▆ Answers for reference:1)Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.2)You will have to attend the commencement whether you are free or busy.3)She leaves her bedroom windows open, however cold it is.4)We will make a trip even if / though the weather is bad.5)No matter who / Whoever you are, you must abide by the law.6)Difficult as the job was, they decided to accept it.7)No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks I’m wrong.8)She seems to have a ready answer, whenever / no matter when I ask her a question. ClozeComplete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.▆ Answers:1)emphasize2)opposite3)improved4)luxuries5)benefited6)obviously7)consciously8)fractures9)eternal10)groundbreaking11)entitled12)correlation13)depends14)exclusivelyTranslation1.Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given inbrackets.▆ Answers for reference:1)He really knows a lot about theory, but when it comes to actual work, heseems to be quiteignorant.2)The latest survey shows /showed that the majority of the citizens support /supported thegovernment’s plan to build a new library.3)The two countries could reach agreement successfully on scientific andtechnologicalcooperation because several factors favorable to theircooperation had been at work.4)I saw the film when I was in the primary school, but the title just won’t cometo mind for themoment.5)He has been stuck with heavy debt though he works about twelve hours everyday on average.6)Is it necessary to know his height? To me, it is not relevant to whether he canbe a good lawyeror not.7)The cupboard is built into the wall so that it both saves space and isconvenient to use.8)These workers earn more than we do, but the other side of the coin is thattheir job is moredangerous.9)Helen majors in economics at the university and at the same time she studiesphilosophy as hersecond major.10)What is most important is that you must find out and solve the problems byyourselves. Itmakes no difference whether I go there or not.2.Translate the following passage into English.▆ Answers for reference:Nowadays, many people are enjoying the benefits brought about by materialand technological advances unimaginable in previous eras. With the developmentof science and technology, people’s standard of living is getting higher and higher.People’s life expectancy has soared, too.However, oddly enough, many people do not feel happier than they used tobe. It can be seen that there is no close correlation between people’s income andtheir happiness. Happiness cannot, after all, be bought with money.Although the majority of people are not very satisfied with their lives, theyare happy to be alive, and the more time they live on earth, the better off they feelthey’ll be. What is important is that material wealth is far from enough. Peopleneed spiritual happiness, too.Theme-Related WritingWrite an essay of no less than 150 words about a technological invention. Your writing should cover thefollowing points:1> a brief description of the invention2> the positive impact of the invention on people’s life3> the negative impact of the invention on people’s life4> your opinion▇Sample essay:The Impact of the Mobile Phone on People’s LivesAmong the many technological inventions, themobile phone impresses me most.The mobile phone brings considerable convenienceto our lives. It not only enables us to keepin touch with each other almost anytime and anywherebut also helps us solve problems or do businessefficiently. In emergencies, a mobile phone caneven be a life-saver. Besides, its multi-functions addease and color to our lives. With a mobile phone,we can receive mail, read news, listen to music,play games, and take pictures.Yet, the mobile phone has its disadvantages,too. Most of us have experienced the nuisance ofunwanted or wrong calls. We are inconveniencedby calls on occasions when we least expect one. Besides,the technology infrastructure to support mobilecommunication has consumed valuable naturalresources and caused significant environmentalproblems. It is reported that electromagnetic radiationwaves from the phone may result in healthproblems.Despite its negative side, the advantages ofthe mobile phone outweigh its disadvantages. I believethat with advances in science and technology,improved and safer models of mobile phones willsurely serve us still better.<184 words>Unit ThreeFame and SuccessEnhance Your Language AwarenessWords in ActionWorking with Words and Expressions1. In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.▆Answers:1)fortune2> dull3> chased4> launched5> accompanied6)intrinsic7> ranks8> publicity9> sufficiently10> image11)target12> transform13> temporarily14> cover15> bored16> audiences17> regard18> acknowledged19> predict2.In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.▆Answers:1)thrown out2> and so on3> for dear life4> settheirsightson5> was tired of6)turn away7> hang on8> inhispresence9> live with10> nothingbut11)forgood12> set out13> Whatif14> tireof▆Increasing Your Word Power1. Study the following usage notes about the verbs in the box..Now complete each of the following sentences with the most appropriate word from the above box.▆Answers:1)grasped2> was snatched3> Clasping4> Catch5> seized6)gripped7> grabbed8> clutch2. The following table shows some typical verb + noun collocations, as indicated by the symbol √. Examine the table carefully and then fill in each blank in the following sentences with a suitableverb from the table.▆Answers:1)reached / secured2> achieved/ attained 3> attained / reached4)reach / secure 5> achieved / realized/ fulfilled 6> fulfill / meet / satisfy3. Fill in the blanks in Column B with an adjective in Text A. The target adjective must be opposite in meaning to the one in Column A and must form a correct collocation with the noun in Column C.▆Answers:1)dull 2> competitive 3> same 4> momentary 5> specific 6> sufficient 7> cruel 8> humble9> famous 10> reasonableGrammar in context1. Study the following sentences and point out the grammatical function of each of the infinitive phrases.▆Answers:1> <real> subject2> object complement3> object4> adverbial of purpose5> adverbial of purpose6> object to the verb "make〞7> adverbial of result8> subject, predicate9> attributive modifying "ways〞10> predicate2 plete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in brackets into English.▆Answers:1> To become a famous writer2> to take traveler’s checks3> to employ a young engineer4> take the machine apart5> To understand the situation completely6> to rise higher in position7> to find that the train had left 10 minutes before8> to apply for a known job opening9> to make trouble10> To be more exactClozeComplete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.▆Answers:1> chase 2> reputation 3> dedicate / devote 4> reward 5> sufficiently 6> measured7> assure 8> Momentary 9> celebrity 10> target 11> frank 12> liberty13> illusory 14> regardTranslation1.Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.▆ Answers for reference:1)He attempted to save the enterprise which was on the verge of collapse but failed.2)The president has announced that he will not seek re-election at the end of his first term.3)The young teacher is skilled at motivating his students to study hard.4)She loves giving parties and does so whenever she can find an excuse.5)I’m afraid that you’ll have to compete with at least fifty people for an administrative post inthis company.6)One of the main reasons why theyhave messed up their lives is that they did not have a goodschool education when young.7)Mary is already famous, but she is not happy at all because she’s been obsessed withthoughts of becoming even more famous.8)With the development of science and technology, people now can have easy access toeducational, medical and many other kinds of information.9)The company’s investment ended in failure due to the wrong strategic decisions of thegeneral manager and so the board of directors decided to throw him out.10)I know you are tired but try to hang on a little bit longer. We will reach the peak in half anhour.2.Translate the following passage into English.▆ Answers for reference:Many people want to be famous because fame can bring them both honor and respect from the public. In most cases, fame can also help them gain wealth. But, after all, very few people can really become famous while most people, including most artists, are unlikely to become famous.It is true that some failure for some people at certain times in their lives does motivate them to strive even harder so as to achieve final success. For example, Thomas Edison, the famous American inventor, had tried hundreds of materials before he finally found the suitable fuse for the electric bulb. However, unfortunately, for most people failure is the end of their struggle.Therefore, in my opinion, success is one thing and fame is another. As long as you have tried your best, you’re already successful whether you are famous or not.Theme-Related WritingWrite a composition of no less than 150 words on the topic "Fame —Good or Evil?〞. Your paper should cover the following points:1> the advantages of being famous2> the disadvantages of being famous3> your attitude towards fameSample essay:Fame — Good or Evil?Fame has always been pursued by many people for the advantages it brings about. Fame canassure one of a high social status, high regard, great admiration, etc. Fame can also bring one wealth as a celebrity has more chances to earn big money. Besides, the applause and flowers from fans may boost one’s self-confidence and increase one’s sense of fulfillment.However, fame can ruin one’s life, too. Itdeprives one of his privacy. As a public figure, he is often chased by fansand journalists, and his private life never escapes the media’s attention or public curiosity. Fame also places one under great pressure. He has to work in line with public expectations and thus becomes the slave of his own success.So fame is a double-edged sword. I don’t seek fame and I don’t envy those who are famous.I highly appreciate what the American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow says about fame: "The talent of success is nothing more than doing well whatever you do without a thought of fame.〞Unit FOUREnhance Your Language AwarenessWords in Action▇Working with Words and Expressions1 In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.■Answers:1> mass2> gambled3> voluntary4> hunted5> classified6> abolished7> division8> senseless9> fashions10> coordination11> declarations12> committed13> necessity14> moderately15> slightest16> considerable17> evaluate18> derived2In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Complete the sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.■Answers:1> stands/stood a chance2> ruled out3> consist /consists of4> gone through5> in the strict sense6> At a guess7> earns a living8> coincide with9> gone in for10> got their teeth into▆ Increasing Your Word Power1 Word BuildingDid you notice the suffix -ary and -ory in words such as "voluntary〞and "satisfactory〞in Texts A and B? The suffix -ary or -ory can be added to a noun to form an adjective. Now add the suffixes of -ary or -ory to the nouns in the following table to form adjectives, then translate them into Chinese.▆ Answers:2> congratulatory3> Migratory4> documentary5> legendary6> introductory7> contradictory8> explanatory2 Study the following usage notes and then complete each of the following sentences with an appropriate word from the box.▆ Answers for reference:1> vocation2> posts3> trade4> job5> work6> profession7> career8> position3 Underline the mistakes in the following sentences, paying special attention to the use of prepositions. Write down your corrections in the space provided. If there is no mistake, write "No Mistake〞.▇Answers:1> < of > Natural disasters are inevitable and they are independent onman’swill.2> < against > This incident can by no means justify their discrimination fort heblack people.3> < for > My son has little aptitude of sport but he excels in music.4> < with > The deceased musician was buried in his home village inaccordance to his wishes.5> < over > The mayor <市长> presided on the ceremony to lay thefoundation stone of the new museum.6> < of > Truth be told, I am envious about his fame and success though Ialways pretend otherwise.7> < in > The old man’s will was signed at the presence of twowitnesses—his younger sister and one of his favourite students.8> < No Mistake > When Britain declared war on Germany, Jack’s grandpa joinedthe army and his grandma was frightened for his safety all thetime.9> < of > The marketing strategy that I designed proved successful andmy boss was very appreciative for my efforts.10> <No Mistake > The new theatre is very spacious, but unfortunately, it isdifficult of access for wheel-chair users.11> < for > Edward Snowden was on a plane bound to Moscow when hegot to know that his passport had been revoked <吊销> by theUS government.12> < of > Professor Peterson is very contemptuous for the so-called"popular〞writers, whom he describes as talentless andworthless.Grammar in Context1Turn the following complex sentences into simple sentences.▇Answers for reference:1> I don’t remember having borrowed/borrowing anything from you.2> She’ll stay here for a couple of weeks before going on to New York.3> The prospect of Professor Smith’s coming to see us cheered us all.4> Jim, a man of strong character, naturally didn’t give in.5> Arriving at the school gate, he found his classmates had already assembled.2Replace the that-clause in each of the sentences with a prepositional phrase.▇Answers for reference:1> He was afraid of falling behind the others.2> We were all amused at Henry’s running after the dog in his slippers.3> Have they informed you of the change in the plan?4> We’re grateful to you for having given us so much help.5> We assured them of our willingness to cooperate with them.ClozeComplete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.▇Answers:<1> enjoy<2> physical<3> compelled<4> necessity<5> support<6> mental<7> idealize<8> status<9> values<10> classified<11> essential<12> mind<13> attitude<14> fortunateTranslation1 Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or expressions given in brackets.▇ Answers for reference:1> As more and more details of her private life were disclosed by the media, shewas compelled to resign her post as general manager <or: resign as general manager/ resign from the post of general manager> of the company.2> She is very satisfied with her new job as it coincides with her interests.3> I bought this shirt because the pricet was reduced from 300 yuan to 80 yuan.4> To bring her children up, the mother really went through all kinds of hardships.5> The police have ruled out murder in the case of the old lady’s death.6> The municipality <municipal government> promised to take effective steps assoon as possible to solve the problems of air pollution.7> I did not go in for the Campus Tennis Championships held last month because ofmy injured leg.8〕If you can get the support of the majority of the girls, you stand a good chance of winning the election and becoming Chairman of the Students Union.9> Not all the books he wrote were as successful as this one so I recommend thatyou borrow it from the library and read it.10> At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games Liu Xiang won the championship of themen’s 110-meter hurdle and broke the world record, which had been previously held by an American athlete.2 Translate the following passage into English.▇Answers for reference:Some people think that they’ve fulfilled their tasks as long as they go on duty and come off duty on time. They never think about what is meant by "work〞and why they should work at all. In fact, "work〞involves such qualities as wisdom, enthusiasm, imagination and creativity.To do his work well, a worker must have a spirit of dedication, and be capable of bearing hardships and standing hard work. In addition, he should have initiative and creativity. Having initiative means the worker should be ready to grasp every opportunity to display his outstanding ability.。

Unit11.Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm.2.We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most sophisticated weapons.3.Having been cut of a job/Not having had a job for 3months, Phil is getting increasinglydesperate.4.Sam, as the project manager, isdecisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgment.5.Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution, the village neighborhoodcommittee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs.Unit2was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance.2.The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall inliving standards and an increase in social problem.3.The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated withglobal temperatures.4.The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minutes recently5.The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at the signal from the coach.Unit31)Despite the inadequate length of the airstrip in this emergency landing, the veteran pilot managedto stop the plane after taxiing for only a short while.2)Grilled by the reporters, the movie star eventually blurted (out) that she had undergone two plasticsurgeries.3) We have the technology and our partner has the capital. Working together, we’ ll have the f hands.4)If I had known beforehand that you would bring so many friends home, I would have madebetter preparations. You see, I have barely enough food and drinks for a snack.5)People gave generously upon learning that new school rooms with stronger structures were to bebuilt in the earthquake-stricken area.Unit41.Due to his pessimistic outlook on the European economy, John has moved his assets from Europe toelsewhere.2．I like hiring young people. They are earnest learners and committed to work.3．Unlike her girl friends who center their lives on their children, Mary cares more about her personal growth.4．Why is it that a considerable number of colleagues are at odds with you5．The Chinese government has introduced a variety of policies to strengthen cooperation with developing countries.Unit5have an instinct that Henry will seek to join the expedition, because he issomething of an adventurer.is capable of sticking to the task at hand, even if he is exposed to noises.trademark was registered in accordance with the laws hitherto in force.enough, many people volunteered to help organize the meeting, but only a few turned up .5．The teacher affectionate’s words, along with his candid comments, changed the way Mike perceived the society and himselfUnit6are exploring the new frontiers of medical science in an attempt to find remedies for incurablediseases/ cures for diseases that are beyond remedy so far.unique teaching methods apart, Ms Wilson, my math teacher, never tried to cram knowledge intomy head.regular weather forecast by the Central TV Station keeps us up with the changes of weather wherever we go on a trip.appalling explosion started a big fire and caused the partial collapse of the building.the modern world, there are more ways than ever to waste away time, and all kinds of distractionsare eating into our precious timeUnit7and throwing the country into chaos.falling market shattered the illusion about getting rich quicklyback on the history of World War II, we can see that the formation of the Allies was the natural product of the development of political and military circumstances Some high-ranking officers of the armed forces started a coup, toppling the then.felt stung when Jim called him a religious fanatic. But as he was in no mood for q quarrel say that time heals all wounds. But for those who have lost their loved ones in the event, will time fill up the void in their heartsUnit81）Janet was just the kind of girl Mike knew he could trust, sobaredhe his heart to her on their first date.2)At first the girls played on the fringe of the dark forest, now laughing, now screaming, butbefore long they wereout of sight .3)The moment the football players disembarked from the plane, they saw a fleet of carswaiting for their arrival.4)Carson condemned his opponent for using misleading information tosmear his character.5)Alex gave the policeman a wallet stuffed with banknotes. He said he had found it onthe curb when he hopped off his school bus.（俞 2013-7-5）。

Unit 1 Man and NatureEnhance Your Language AwarenessWords in Action (pp19-23)Working with Words and Expressions1. 1) disaster 2) compelled 3) 6) output 7) retreat 8) abandoned 9) trace 10) eternal 11) investment 12) transfer 13) justify 14) nonetheless 15) contributions 16) accelerate 17) threaten2.1) show signs of 2) called upon 3) off limits 4) in fear of 5) slow down 6) cut down 7) fromIncreasing Your Word Power1.1) web + log 博客博客2) breakfast + lunch 早午餐早午餐3) medical + care 医疗保险保障医疗保险保障4) motor + 网民网民6) science + fiction 科幻小说科幻小说7) work + alcoholic 工作狂工作狂2.1) the scientific study of the race, especially of its origins, development, customs and beliefs2) archaeology3) ecology4) the study of rocks, soils, etc. which make up the Earth, and of their changes during the the new year.2) He asked waiting for them.6) She said I needn’t to the problem.4) My sister admitted that it was she who the glass.5) He declared that insisted that we (should) give an explanation of what for the elderly in that country.8) The sales manager explained that ’t give us a definite answer because 4) stubbornly 5) transferred 6) transformed 7) subdued 8) expansion 9) irreplaceable 10) extinct 11) dynamic 12) verge 13) moderate 14) ecological 15) rationalTranslation (pp25-27)11) The village is so close to the border that the villagers live in constant fear of attacks from the enemy.2) In only 20 years the country was transformed into an advanced industrial power.3) This company this region.4) Given the current financial situations, it is inevitable that the US dollar will be further devalued.5) The government’s call for suggestions about the control of water pollution produced very little response from the citizens.6) The weather showed no signs of getting better so the government called upon us to get prepared for floods.7) At one time scientists thought that there was nothing smaller than an atom but now most peopleknow that an atom consists of even smaller particles.8) The students were all very much concerned about the World Cup, spending at least two TV.9) The department store lost out because loans were very time.10) We can’t go there for a walk because there is navy ba se there, which is off limits to tourists.2.Human beings live in the realm of nature. They are not only dwellers in nature, but alsotransformers of it. With the development of society and its economy, people tend to become lessdependent on nature directly, but indirectly their dependence grows.Human beings are connected with nature by “blood” ties. No one can live outside nature.However, the previous dynamic balance between man and nature signs of breaking down.Problems such as the population explosion, ecological imbalance and the shortage of naturalresources society from being further developed.Professor Spirkin beings is the wise organization of production and care for Mother Nature.Unit Two Man and TechnologyWords in ActionWorking with Words and Expressions1. 1) monitor 2) phenomenon 3) isolation 4) gradual 5) opponent6) advent 7) genetic 8) consciously 9) extreme 10) nasty11) boom 12) formal 13) soar 14) survey 15)Similarly16) modify 17) rough2. 1) at the same time 2) are stuck with 3) for certain 4) make no difference 5) onaverage 6) when it comes to 7) depends on 8) built into 9) come tomind 10) at workIncreasing Your Word Power1.AdjectivesNounsAdjectivesNouns1) technologicaltechnology6) luxuriousluxury2) eternaleternity7) leisurelyleisure3) miraculousmiracle8) subjectivesubject4) relevantrelevance9) prosperousprosperity5) analyticalanalysis10) innovativeinnovation2. 2) multi-faith 3) multiform 4) multifunction 5) multi-ethnic 6) multilateral7) multi-lingual 8) multimedia 9) multimillionaire 10) multinational1) a multi-faith society 2) a multi-lingual secretary 3) a multimillionaire4) a multinational motor-manufacturing corporation 5) a multifunction videocamera6) a multi-ethnic community 7) a multimedia dictionary 8) multi-culturaleducation9) a multilateral trade negotiation 10) multiform technologicalcooperation3. 1) j 2) c 3) b 4) i 5) a 6) g 7) d8) e 9) f 10) better ’t work with such enthusiasm if they didn’t know whatthey were working for.4) I would the dictionary if I didn’t know the meaning of the word.5) She would understand what we say if she knew Chinese.6) I would be quite satisfied if you spoke with greater accuracy.2. 1) If we knew where touch with , we would ’t , ’t be working so tirelessly for them.Cloze1) emphasize 2) opposite 3) improved 4) luxuries 5) benefited6) obviously 7) consciously 8) fractures 9) eternal10) groundbreaking11) entitled 12) correlation 13) depends 14) exclusivelyTranslation1. 1) He really knows a lot about theory, but when it comes to actual work, to build a new library.3) The two countries could reach agreement successfully on scientific and technological cooperation because several factors favorable to their cooperation at work.4) I saw the film when I was in the primary school, but the title just won’t come to mind for the moment.5) He stuck with average.6) Is it necessary to know be a good lawyer or not.7) The cupboard is built into the wall so that it both saves space and is convenient to use.8) These workers earn more than we do, but the other side of the coin is their job is more dangerous.9) Helen majors in economics at the university and at the same time she studies philosophy as previous eras. With the development of science and technology, people’s standard of living iso be. It can be seen that there is no close correlation between people’s incomegetting they used tthey used to be. It can be seen that there is no close correlation between people’s incomeand their earth, the better off they feel they’ll be. What is important is that material wealth is farfrom enough. People need spiritual People’s livesAmong the many technological inventions, the mobile phone impresses me most.The mobile phone brings considerable convenience to our lives. It not only enables us to keep intouch with each other almost anytime and anywhere but also emergencies, a mobile phone caneven be a life-saver. Besides, its multi-functions add ease and color to our lives. With a mobilephone, we can receive mail, read news, listen to music, play games, and take pictures.Y et, the mobile phone occasions when we least expect one. Besides, the technologyinfrastructure to support mobile communication waves from the phone may result in scienceand technology, improved and safer models of mobile phones will surely serve us still better.(184 words)key to unit 3 book 4WORDS IN ACTIONWorking With Words and Expressions1.1) quest 2) remained 3) consume 4) likewise 5) vessel 6) qualify 7) stiff 8) collapsed 9) predict 10) inevitably 11) absorbed 12) sheer 13) refining 14) paralyzed 15) exchange2. 1) In a way 2) act on 3) to such an extent that 4) opens up 5) close off 6) look intoIncreasing Your Word Power1. Clipped wordsOriginal formsClipped wordsOriginal formsfaxfacsimilefridgerefrigeratorautoautomobilememomemorandumburgersubSubstitute; submarinefluInfluenzazooZoological garden 2.Nouns AdjectivesSuffixesUncountable NounsChinese Meaningsking-dom -womanhood 女子成年期；女子气质女子成年期；女子气质3. 1) positive2) certain 3) less 4) unknown 5) complete 6) infinite 7)9) individual 10) contradictoryGRAMMAR REVIEW1. 1) If they ’t broken away from the out 1) If they ’t broken away from the out-of--of--of-date regulation, they wouldn’t date regulation, they wouldn’ttheir work. 2) If they ’t taken proper care of ’t ’t so successful if we ’t made adequate preparations.4) We would ’t followed the right instructions.5) The flood would ’t built so many reservoirs.6) They would the experiment if they ’t become a language of internati the experiment if they ’t become a language of international business after onal business after World War II, most developing countries wouldn’t ’t invaded England in 1066, the Englishlanguage wouldn’t .3) If modern English ’t developed from several different languages, the grammar and spelling rules wouldn’t so irregula so irregular. r.4) If England ’t been conquered by the Normans in 1066, French wouldn’t language of the ruling class at that time.CLOZE1. 1) topic 2) creates 3) really4) grasp5) sure 6) opposite 7) contradictory8) reality9) physical 10) rigidity 11) individual12) their long-term quest for a cure for the disease.3) Acting on the information they received, the police closed off the streets and caught the bank robbers.4) We were amazed at learning that the newly-built TV factory can produce 500,000 TV sets in the first year.5) The government is looking into the causes of so many layoffs and is trying to up various measures to open up new markets and to improve its services.7) He extent that I am afraid it is impossible for a month.8) The fireworks factory was closed last month for failing to comply with the government safety regulations.9) It remains to be seen whether our football team can beat its opponents.10) Mr. Smith predicted that the recent oil discoveries, together with the use employment of new technologies, would lead to a decline in the price of crude oil.2.We all know that knowledge is power but we are seldom aware of the early 17th century, Galileo argued that the earth and other planets move around the sun, but this knowledge was rejected by the general populations at that time because the Italian over three Catholic Church more than they trusted science. What was worse, Galileo the “knowledge era.”THEME-RELA TED WRITINGSample Essay:Knowledge transfer is a phenomenon and plays a very important role in the process of evolution. With the knowledge accumulated over generations, beings can now build and transform societies with unprecedented knowledge resources.However, there are many barriers to knowledge transfer. For example, lack of trust and resistance to change undermine the transfer of knowledge. People are less likely to acquire knowledge from those whom they don’t trust or to adopt new theories and practices they are not familiar with. Cultural and language barriers also nations or ethnic groups. It would be almostimpossible for people who speak different languages or dialects with different cultural backgrounds to communicate effecitvely, not to mention exchanging knowledge.An underdeveloped economy is another barrier to knowledge transfer. The lack of socio-economic and techno-environmental cooperation, as well as poor communications infrastructure, can greatly and between nations.To remove these barriers, people should change their attitude towards knowledge transfer and the learning of foreign languages and cultures. At the same time, efforts should be made to develop a better world economy. (190 words)The Answers to Book4---Unit4Enhance Your Language Awareness(I) Working with Words and Expressions1. (1) mass (2) gambled (3) voluntary (4) (8) senseless(9) fashions (10)coordination (11) declarations (12) spanned(13)recommendsrecommended (14)moderately (15) slightest2. (1) standsstood a chance (2) ruled out (3) worthy of(4) gone through (5) in the strict sense (6) At a guess(7) earns a living (8) coincide with (9) gone in for(10) got their teeth into(II) Increasing Your Word Power1.(1) imaginary (2) congratulatory (3) Migratory (4)documentary(5) legendary (6) introductory (7) contradictory (8) explanatory2. (1) vocation (2) posts (3) trade (4) job(5) work (6) profession (7)career (8) position3. (2)lawyer (3)electrician (4) philosopher (5) musician(6) engineer (7) surgeon (8) cashier (9) photographer (10) biologistGrammar1(1) I don’t remember to New York.(3) The prospect of Profesor Smith’s coming to see us cheered us all.trong character, naturally didn’t give in.(4) Jim, a man of sJim, a man of strong character, naturally didn’t give in.(5) Arriving at the school gate, the plan ?(4) We’re greatful to you for us so much1. Sentence translation(1) As more and more details of from the post of general manager of the company.(2) She is very satisfied with to 80 yuan.(4) To bring up, the mother really went through all kinds of the case of the old lady’s death.(6) The municipal government promised to take effective steps as soon as possible to solve the problems of air pollution.(7) I did not go in for the Campus Tennis Championships get the support of the majority of the girls, you stand a good chance of winning the election and becoming Chairman of the StudentsUnion.(9) Not all the books the championship of the men’s 110-meter previously American athlete.\2. Paragraph translationSome people think that they’ve fulfilled their tasks as long as they go on duty and come off duty on time. They never think about what is meant by “work” and why they should work at all. I n fact, “work” involves such qualities as wisdom, enthusiam, imagination and creativity.To do , and be capable of bearing addition, addition, a worker should make clear the nature and significance of the work do so, but an indispensable part of always find values and pleasure in the work and achieve extraordinary results in otherwise ordinary work.The Answers to Book4---Unit5Enhance Your Language Awareness(I) Working with Words and Expressions1. (1) fortune (2) dull (3) chased (4) launched(5) finance (6) reputation (7) liberty (8) publicity(9) sufficiently (10) sympathy (11) target (12) educate(13) commerce (14) alike (15) bored (16) audiences(17) regard (18) assure2. (1) thrown out (2) and so on (3) for dear life(4) dedicate away(7) (8) for the sake of(II) Increasing Your Word Power1.Back-formationOriginal wordBack-formationOriginal wordautomateautomationbook-keepbook-keepingself-destructself-destructiondry-cleandry-cleaningwindow-shopwindow-shoppingediteditorwordprocesswordprocessor2. (1) reached secured (2) achieved attained (3) attained reached(4) reach secure (5) achieved realized fulfilled (6) fulfill meet satisy3. (2) competitive (3) same (4) momentary (5) specific(6) sufficient (7) cruel (8) ”(10) independent element2(1) To become a famous writer(2) to take traveler’s checks(3) to employ a young engineer(4) take the machine apart(5) To understand the situation completely(6) to rise position(7) to find that the train job opening(9) to make trouble(10) To be more exact(III) Cloze(1) chase (2) reputation (3) dedicate (4) reward (5) sufficiently(6) measured (7) assure (8) Momentary (9) celebrity(10) target (11) frank (12) liberty (13) illusory (14) regard(IV) Translation1. Sentence translation(1) He attempted to save the enterprise which was on the venge of collapse but failed.(2) The president at the end of find an excuse.(5) I’m afraid that you’ll administrative post in this compan y.(6) To be frank, I don’t think you stand a good chance of getting promoted even if you are loyal to the company.(7) It was obvious that failure due to the wrong strategic decisions of the general manager and so the board of directors decided to throw a little bit longer. We will reach the peak inMany people want to be famous because fame can bring them both most cases, fame can also wealth. But, after all, very few people can really become famous while most people, including most artists, are unlikely to become famous.It is true that some failure for some people at certain times in their lives does motivate them to strive even , the famous American inventor, my opinion, success is one thing and fame is another. As long as you Action (pp186-190)Working with Words and Expressions1. 1) commonplace 2) enduring 3) dim 4) command 5) imperfection 6) intensive 7) abandon 8) finite 9) mean 10) weaving 11) additional 12) aspirations 13) gratitude 14) endless 15) faithful 16) committed2.1) live on 2) dawned upon 3) live by 4) is invested with 5) impressive speech 6) a comparative study of Chinese and western cultures7) take the initiative to donate blood 8) a creative musician 9) a distant relative10) a constructive proposal2.左列：beautify; contradict; deafen; differ; intensify; minimize; oppose右列：please; prosper; radiate; relent; respect; sparkle; wonder; wither3. 1) take care; take care of 2) for; voice one’s concern 4) meet a demand 5) accumulate experience; lack experience 6) be filled with fear; in fear of; for fear of 7) receive a gift 8) bring 6) with 7) between 8) to 9) of 10) for 11) of 12) for2.1) Emma is an expert in on organic farming.2) There is a greater demand for cars these days.3) The computer our modern life.4) Henry this country are demanding a reduction in taxes.6) I really my best friend, and I can turn to in an emergency.Cloze (pp191-192)1) wither 2) sense 3) faithful 4) commit 5) aspirations 6) gratitude 7) dawns 8) accumulated 9) nourishment 10) preoccupied 11) flowers 12) tendered 13) weave 14) elevateTranslation (pp192-193)11) The ambassador to the UN was invested with full authority to deal with all the foreign affairs concerning behalf of the train I preoccupied with the result of the term examination until the conductor reminded me of the arrival of my destination.3) Although the list of the people who got killed in the traffic accident, she kept walking to and fro, anxious to see it dawned upon me that both parties involved were Chinese companies.5) At the party, people sang and danced with abandon, totally forgetting the troubles in their lives.6) With the great aspirations to become am astronaut, Jackson committed training.7) His paintings, drawing on timeless fairy stories, exemplified the Europeans’ taste of the period.8) The bus driver didn’t want to take any responsibility for the accident and so the passengers on board.9) He not only risked life to save the old man from the burning .10) From childhood, she tried to live by the teaching of of people’s knowledge about the objective world and its laws. Truth makes people full of objectively reflect the essentials of things. However, any truth is but people’s correct understanding of the development of things at a certain stage. Therefore, truth is relative and develops constantly.Sometimes, the brilliance of truth may dim but it will never die out. For some people, truth may seem beyond their reach. In fact, it is close at find truth as long as we keep pursuing it heart and soul.。

Enhance Your Language AwarenessWords in Action▇Working with Words and Expressions1 In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.■Answers:1) mass 2) gambled3) voluntary 4) hunted5) classified 6) abolished7) division 8) senseless9) fashions 10) coordination 11) declarations 12) committed13) necessity 14) moderately 15) slightest 16) considerable 17) evaluate 18) derived2 In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Complete the sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.■Answers:1) stands/stood a chance2) ruled out3) consist /consists of4) gone through5) in the strict sense6) At a guess7) earns a living8) coincide with9) gone in for10) got their teeth into▆ Increasing Your Word Power1 Word BuildingDid you notice the suffix -ary and -ory in words such as “voluntary” and “satisfactory” i n Texts A and B? The suffix -ary or -ory can be added to a noun to form an adjective. Now add the suffixes of -ary or -ory to the nouns in the following table to form adjectives, then translate them into Chinese.▆ Answers:1) imaginary2) congratulatory3) Migratory4) documentary5) legendary6) introductory7) contradictory8) explanatory2 Study the following usage notes and then complete each of the following sentences with an appropriate word from the box.▆ Answers for reference:1) vocation2) posts3) trade4) job5) work6) profession7) career8) position3 Underline the mistakes in the following sentences, paying special attention to the use of prepositions. Write down your corrections in the space provided. If there is no mistake, write “No Mistake”.▇Answers:1) ( of ) Natural disasters are inevitable and they are independent2) ( against ) This incident can by no means justify their discriminationfor the black people.3) ( for ) My son has little aptitude of sport but he excels in music.4) ( with ) The deceased musician was buried in his home village inaccordance to his wishes.5) ( over ) The mayor (市长) presided on the ceremony to lay thefoundation stone of the new museum.6) ( of ) Truth be told, I am envious about his fame and successthough I always pretend otherwise.7) ( in ) The old man’s will was signed at the presence of twowitnesses—his younger sister and one of his favouritestudents.8) ( No Mistake ) When Britain declared war on Germany, Jack’s grandpajoined the army and his grandma was frightened for hissafety all the time.9) ( of ) The marketing strategy that I designed proved successfuland my boss was very appreciative for my efforts.10) (No Mistake ) The new theatre is very spacious, but unfortunately, it isdifficult of access for wheel-chair users.11) ( for ) Edward Snowden was on a plane bound to Moscow whenhe got to know that his passport had been revoked (吊销)by the US government.12) ( of ) Professor Peterson is very contemptuous for the so-called“popular” writers, whom he describes as talentless andworthless.Grammar in Context1 Turn the following complex sentences into simple sentences.▇Answers for reference:1) I don’t remember having borrowed/borrowing anything from you.2) She’ll stay here for a couple of weeks before going on to New York.3) The prospect of Professor Smith’s comin g to see us cheered us all.4) Jim, a man of strong character, naturally didn’t give in.5) Arriving at the school gate, he found his classmates had already assembled.2 Replace the that-clause in each of the sentences with a prepositional phrase.▇Answers for reference:1) He was afraid of falling behind the others.2) We were all amused at Henry’s running after the dog in his slippers.3) Have they informed you of the change in the plan?4) We’re grateful to you for having given us so much help.5) We assured them of our willingness to cooperate with them.ClozeComplete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.▇Answers:(1) enjoy(2) physical(3) compelled(4) necessity(5) support(6) mental(7) idealize(8) status(9) values(10) classified(11) essential(12) mind(13) attitude(14) fortunateTranslation1 Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or expressions given in brackets.▇ Answers for reference:1) 随着她个人的生活细节越来越多地被媒体披露出来，她不得不辞去公司总经理的职务。

英文背诵部分第一单元人类生活在大自然的王国里。

英文翻译：Human beings live in the realm of nature.They are not only dwellers in nature,but also transformers of it.With the development of society and its economy,pepole tend to become less dependent on nature directly,but indirectly their dependence grows. Human beings are connected with nature by “blood ”ties.No one can live outside nature.However,the previous dynamic balance between man and nature has shown signs of breaking down .Problems such as the population explosion,ecological imbalance and the shortage of natural resources has become major factors keeping human society from being further developed.Professor Spirkin holds that the only choice for human being is the wise organization of production and care for Mother Nature.第二单元目前，许多人都享受着过去历代人想象不到的物质和技术进步带来的好处。

英文翻译：Nowadays,many people are enjoying the benefits brought about by material and technological advances unimaginable in previous eras.With the development of science and technology,people’s standard of living is getting higher and higher.People’s life expectancy has soared,too.However,oddly enough,many peopke do not feek happier than they used to be.Itcan be seen that there is no close correlation beween people’s income and their happiness.Happiness cannot,after all,be bought with money.Although the majority of people are not very satisfied with their lives,they are happy to be alive,and the more time they get on earth,the better off they feel they’ll be.What is important is that material wealth is far from enough.People need spiritual happiness,too.第三单元尽管我们都知道知识就是力量，英文翻译：We all known that knowledge is power but we are seldom aware of how difficult knowledge transfer is.According to Victoria Griffith,there are many barriers to knowledge transfer and lack of trust is one of the major ones.It seems to her that people are only willing to absorb knowledge readily from those they know and trust.For example,in the early 17th century,Galileo argued that the earthand other planets move around the sun,but this knowledge was rejected by the general population at that time because the Italians over three hundred years ago trusted the Roman Churchmore than they trusted science.What was worse,Galileo had to spendthe rest of his life under house arrest for his ideas.Victoria Griffith reminds us thar knowledge transfer is still a tough problem althoughwe are living in the “knowledge era”.第四单元有些人认为只要自己准时上下班就算完成任务了。

Unit11.这个村子离边境很近，村民们一直担心会受到敌人的攻击。

The village is so close to the border that the villagers live in constant fear of attacks from the enemy.2.这个国家仅用了20年的时间就发展成了一个先进的工业强国。

In only twenty years the country was transfomed into an advanced indus trial power.3.这个公司已经发展成为这个地区主要的化工生产基地之一。

this company has evoled into one of the major chemical manufacturing bases in this region.4.鉴于目前的金融形势，美元进一步贬值是不可避免的。

Given the current financial situation,it is inevitable that the US dollar will be further devalued.5.政府号召市民就控制水污染问题献计献策，但响应却不强烈。

The government is call for suggestions about the control of water pollution produced very little response from the citizens.6.天气没有出现好转的迹象，所以政府号召我们做好防洪的准备。

The weather showed no signs of getting better so the government called upon us to get prepared for floods.7.科学家曾一度认为没有比原子更小的东西了，但现在大多数人都知道原子是由更小的粒子组成的。

新世纪⼤学英语综合教程第三版四第8单元课后练习及翻译Enhance Your Language AwarenessWords in Action▇Working with Words and Expressions1 In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.■Answers:1) ensure2) exclude3) sustain4)domestic 5) fundamental 6)transparent 7) elastic 8)inherent 9) input 10) margin11) reverse 12) potential13) subsidies 14) restored15) features 16) urged2In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in thisunit. Complete the sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.■Answers:1) is based on2) lived up to3) account for4) has borne out 5) slow down6) act on 7) cash in on8) regardless of9) on top of10) at their peril 11) in part…in part 12) in the nameof13) torn down▆ Increasing Your Word Power1 Each of the following sentences has four parts underlined and marked with A, B, C and D. You are to identify the one that needs correction. Write down the correct usage in the space provided at the end of each sentence.▆ Answers:▆Answers:1) C (are→is)2) C (scent→smell / odour)3) B (is told→be told)4) D (since→while/whereas)5) C (deciding→decide)6) A (takes→gives)7) B (medicine→medical)8) C (minutes→minutes’)9) C (as well→as well as)10) B (have usually→usually have)11) D (while→when)12) A (Viewing→Viewed)13) D (seventh→seven)14) B (said of→said)15) C (progresses→progress)2 Clipping is a process that shortens a polysyllabic (多⾳节的) word by deleting one or more syllables, such as “prof” for “professor”, “copter” for “helicopter”, etc. A number of such abbreviations have been accepted in general usage. Now work in pairs and turn the clipped words into their original forms. Consult a dictionary if necessary.▆ Answers:3 Fill in the blanks in Column B with an adjective in this unit. The targetadjective must be opposite in meaning to the one in Column A and must form a correct collocation with the noun in Column C.▆ Answers:▇ Grammar and RhetoricThe following sentences seem to be grammatically correct, but they are in effect faulty. Discuss in pairs why they are not acceptable and then improve them.▇ Answers for reference:1) Reason: WordinessImproved: Before going to the supermarket, we made a list of the groceries we needed to prepare dinner.2) Reason: WordinessImproved:A lot of research has been done to determine its causes.3) Reason: WordinessImprove: Professor Smith knows a great deal about American history.4) Reason: Dangling modifierImproved: To finish the work on time, they have taken some new and effective measures.5) Reason: Dangling modifierImproved: After I graduated from college,my father wanted me to pursue my education in the United States.6) Reason: Dangling modifierImproved: Having been bitten by a mad dog, the boy was cured by the doctor with a new kind of medicine.7) Reason: Split infinitiveImproved: Sara hopes to finish her chemistry homework quickly so that she can return to the more interesting novel she has been reading.8) Reason: Random shift of the verb tenseImproved: Professor Smith has worked in the university for over twenty years and (has) published many books.9) Reason: Not parallelImproved: He told us to look at the picture and to tell him what we found.10) Reason: Not parallelImproved: She was a woman of mean understanding, little information, and uncertain temper.11) Reason: Dangling modifierImproved: To get ready for the trip, I put all the things I needed into a suitcase the previous night. 12) Reason: Not parallelImproved: Dictionaries can be used for these purposes: to find wordmeanings, pronunciations, correct spellings, and irregular verbs. Cloze▇Complete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.呼吁“包容性的”全球化▇ unit 8 cloze:(1) manifestation(2) lies(3)promoting(4) minds (5)recognize(6)benefit (7) economic(8)denied (9) excluded(10) prosperity(11) imperative (12) assistance(13) fostering (14) triumph(15) separateTranslation1 Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or expressions given in brackets.■ Answers for Reference:1) Those people yearn for the daysin the past because they don’t think they can benefit from the current policies.2) Terrorists will make nodistinction between races, nations or regions when they carry out acts of terror.3) The invention of paper was one ofthe great contributions Ancient China made to human civilization,4) The teacher suggested that thestudents analyze these problems in a different light so as to finda solution as soon as possible.5) In recent years, some developedcountries have beendeveloping countries theirglobalization.6) Legal English is a specialregister of English. Itsdistinctiveliterary language and other practical styles.7) The company itsrival’s diff iculties by doubling its investment in this area.8) When he wrote The Declaration ofIndependence, Thomas Jefferson was firm in the belief that all men were created equal.9) He has served the publicwhole-heartedly for many years, regardless of his personal gain or loss.10) Experts have long beenconcerned about the implications of population growth for economic development of the world.2 Translate the following passage into English.■ Answers for Reference:It is commonly understood that globalization has been driven by liberalization policies and technological advances. Its role is to increase the flow of goods, service, capital, technology, information, ideas and labour at the global level. In fact, globalization is a double-edgedsword. It has both advantages and disadvantages. Some people really benefit from globalization while others simply see it as one more manifestation of the inequity of the world. To address the division between these two groups of people, Annan suggested a solution, ., to pursue an inclusive globalization. He believed that dialogue can triumph over discord, and thatopening markets and promoting cooperation can ensure that globalization benefits the whole of humanity economically, politically and socially.Theme-Related Writing▇Write an essay of no less than 150 words on the topic “My View on Globalization”. Your writing should cover the following points:1) the advantages of globalization2) the disadvantages of globalization3) your view on globalization▇ Sample essay:My View on GlobalizationGlobalization has brought us immense benefits. It helps realize our dream of a prosperous world. It boosts the world economy by opening global markets, smoothing the flow of capital and commodities, and increasing productivity and employment opportunities. In addition, the concerted efforts globalization motivates in areas like fighting against terrorism, environmental protection, health, and education have also contributed to the wellbeing of humanity.However, there are always voices against globalization. Some people accuse multinational corporations of providing unfair and unsafe working conditions, using cheap labour, exploiting natural resources and causing ecological damage. They also criticise globalization for not only modernizing but also westernizing native cultures. They also argue that globalization leads to the spread of epidemics and diseases.In short, globalization is a double-edged sword and we must handle it with care. We must set up rules and regulations as well as sound supervising systems. If it is well handled, globalization will surely serve humanity.(155 words)。

英文背诵部分第一单元英文翻译：Human beings live in the realm of nature.They are not only dwellers in nature,but also transformers of it.With the development of society and its economy,pepole tend to become less dependent on nature directly,but indirectly their dependence grows. Human beings are connected with nature by “blood ”ties.No one can live outside nature.However,the previous dynamic balance between man and nature has shown signs of breaking down .Problems such as the population explosion,ecological imbalance and the shortage of natural resources has become major factors keeping human society from being further developed.Professor Spirkin holds that the only choice for human being is the wise organization of production and care for Mother Nature.第二单元英文翻译：Nowadays,many people are enjoying the benefits brought about by material and technological advances unimaginable in previous eras.With the development of science and technology,people’s standard of living is getting higher and higher.People’s life expectancy has soared,too.However,oddly enough,many peopke do not feek happier than they used to be.Itcan be seen that there is no close correlation beween people’s income and their happiness.Happiness cannot,after all,be bought with money.Although the majority of people are not very satisfied with their lives,they are happy to be alive,and the more time they get on earth,the better off they feel they’ll be.What is important is that material wealth is far from enough.People need spiritual happiness,too.第三单元英文翻译：We all known that knowledge is power but we are seldom aware of how difficult knowledge transfer is.According to Victoria Griffith,there are many barriers to knowledge transfer and lack of trust is one of the major ones.It seems to her that people are only willing to absorb knowledge readily from those they know and trust.For example,in the early 17th century,Galileo argued that the earth and other planets move around the sun,but this knowledge was rejected by the general population at that time because the Italians over three hundred years ago trusted the Roman Churchmore than they trusted science.What was worse,Galileo had to spend the rest of his life under house arrest for his ideas.Victoria Griffith reminds us thar knowledge transfer is still a tough problem although we are living in the “knowledge era”.第四单元英文翻译：Some people think that they’ve fulfilled their tasks as long as they go on duty and come off duty on time.They never think about what is meant by “work”and why they should work at all.In fact,”work”involves such qualities as wisdom, enthusiasm, imagination and creativity.To do his work well,a worker mudt have a spirit of dedication,and be capable of bearing harships and standing hard work.In addition,he should have initiative and creativity.Having initiative means the worker should be ready to grasp every opportunity to display his outstanding ability.In affition,a worker should make clear the nature and significance of the work he does,be responsible for whatever he isdoing and plunge himself into the work with vigorous enthusiasm.If he can do so,he will find a job no longer a burden but an indispensable part of his life.Whatever he does,he can always find values and pleasure in the work and achieve extraordinary results in otherwise ordinary work.第五单元英文翻译：Many people want to be famous because fame can bring them both honor and respectfrom the public.In most cases,fame can also help them gain wealth.But,after all,very few people can really become famous while most people,including most artists,are unlikely to become famous.It is true that some failure for some people at certain times in their loves does motivate them to strive even harder so as to achieve final success.For example,Thomas Edison,thefamous American inventor,had tried hundreds of materials before he finally found the suitable fuse for the electric bulb. However, unfortunately, for most people failure is rhe end of their struggle.Therefore,in my opinion,success is one thing and fame is another. As long as youhave tried your best,you’re already successful whether you are famous or not.第六单元英文翻译：What is truth?Truth is the correct reflection of people’s knowledge about the objective world and its laws.Truth makes people full of hope and life full of brilliance and glory.Thereforek,many people regardd the pursuit of truth as the ultimate goal of their lives.In human history,many people devoted their lives to the pursuit of truth and made outstanding contributions to mankind.Truth is both absolute and relative.We say that truth is absolute because truth can objectively reflect the essentials of things. However, any truth is but people’s correct understanding of the development of things at a certain stage. Therefore,truth is relative and develops constantly.Sometimes,the brilliance of truth may seem beyond their reach. In fact,it is close at hand.We can find truth as long as we keep pursuing it heart and soul.。

Unit 1Passage A1.With his promotion, he has taken on greater responsibilities.2.He felt he did not have to make such a commitment to John any more.3.Mary likes to go shopping in her spare time, as opposed to Lucy, who prefers to stay at home reading.4.At best he's ambitious, at worst a power-seeker without conscience or qualifications.5.We have striven to the full to convince him, but we have made no headway.Passage B1.We are now comfortably established in our new house.2.Traffic accidents are likely to happen at that intersection.3.Up to now we have only discussed the issue froma husband's standpoint.4.He never studied Japanese; what he knows was picked up while he was living in Japan.5.He handled a difficult argument skillfully. Unit 2Passage A1.He is no more fit to be a headmaster than any schoolboy would be.2.As for her father, she is not sure whether he will accept her and her baby.3.Staying up late will undermine one's health while going to bed early and getting up early will benefit it.4.The ambassador personally conveyed the president's message to the premier.5.The girl decided to open up and tell the police what she had seen.Passage B1.Excessive exercises do more harm than good to one's health. Therefore we must control the amount of exercise we do.2.He made a few attempts to join in their conversation, but he gave up because of timidness.3.Trains cannot compete with planes in terms of convenience and speed.4.Making a comparison between Chinese and American cultures will help you to adapt to your study environment in the US.5.It is a traditional Chinese virtue for the young on the buses to yield their seats to the old, the weak, the sick and the disabled. Unit 3Passage A1.It is simply unbelievable for him to charge 500 dollars for a haircut.2.People grant you the privilege, so you should serve the people wholeheartedly.3.The weather forecast is very important so that we can decide when to go to sea.4.The sound of guns violated the usual calm of Sunday morning, and people had a strong feeling that the war was coming.5.Even though you read three pages per minute, you will by no means finish the book by the end of this weekend.Passage B1.He can beat his opponent easily without giving a second thought.2.With little or no knowledge of driving, he drove the car onto the road.3.It is illegal to make an unauthorized change in the construction of the bridge.4.I could accept this fact calmly because I knew ifI weren't able to finish the mission, chances were that the team would be defeated.5.Children in remote mountain areas are lacking in scientific and cultural knowledge.Unit 4Passage A1.Young as my sister is, she already knows for sure what career she is going to follow.2.My uncle, whose photo I showed you yesterday, will come to see us this afternoon.3.It is because of its very functional flexibility that makes English become a global language.4.In the name of our research center we are very glad to pass on our greetings to you，our overseas guests.5.This new engine is superior to the old ones in that it consumes much less fuel.Passage B1.He suggested at the board meeting that the easy task (should) be left to Mary whose health is poor.2.Mr. Brown, who is in Hong Kong now, has a lot of teaching experience and will come to teach our students in the spring.3.This is the best hotel in our city in which the food is very good and the same is true of the service.4.In order to attract more passengers, the captain assured all the passengers of the safety of traveling by ship.5.His new car, for which he paid ￥150000, was seriously damaged in an accident and was beyond repair.Unit 5Passage A1.The airplane they boarded soared out of sight as soon as it took off.2.At the meeting, the two sides had a very hot debate. The reformers put forward many reforming measures, but conservatives were in opposition to the proposed changes.3.In the long run, we should learn more about science and technology. Besides the major subject, the knowledge of computers, English and driving is necessary in our work.4.She does gymnastic exercises four times a week in quest to achieve the perfect body.5.Every the morning in the park some old people are doing physical exercises there, chatting with each other.Passage B1.I wouldn't have troubled him so much if I had known he was so busy.2.When it comes to music, she gets very excited and chatted endlessly with you.3.Whatever you do, don’t tell her or the world will know.4.We’d only just met, but I was already struck quite forcibly by her extreme intelligence.5.She said she was going to America, which brought me up short.Unit 6Passage A1.She portrayed her childhood as a time of wonder and discovery.2.Experiments showed that non-smokers committed fewer errors than smokers.3.Football fans are often highly regarded not for their own achievement, but through their connection to a team that wins.4.Despite the wonderful acting, the three-hour movie could not hold our attention.5.Professor Wang is the only doctor I can rely on to save my son.Passage B1.We don’t think your proposal quite in place, so you should give it up.2.When he arrived, he found nothing but the aged and the sick at home.3.Given the condition of the engine, it is a wonder that it even starts.4.In terms of employment, the hotel industry is the second largest industry in this country.5.Everyone in this country has the right to live where he wants to, regardless of the color of his skin.Unit 7Passage A1.Although he said he had done a lot for the case, his success was at least in part due to luck.2.The issue to be discussed is critical, because it will determine the future of many people.3.I’ll try my best to avoid imposing my ideas on others.4.Rarely can people face up to the defects in their own characters in such a situation.5.College life is referred to as the most beautiful period of one’s life.Passage B1.Generally speaking he is quite learned, especially in the field of mathematic science. However, when it comes to the politics, he knows nothing.2.According to the survey they made of the 1000 workers who missed out on the chance to go to university, the failure in the college entrance examinations had a profound effect on their later life.3.Owing to the cost rise, employers refuse to pay the retirement pension for their employees. On the flip side, employees are unwilling to stay in the same company for their whole lives.4.Since you have told me who should take the responsibility for the matter, I will not pursue any further.5.I will try to set aside half an hour each day to do some exercise even in the busiest season.Unit 7Passage A1.No matter what difficulties we come across, we should try our best to overcome them.2.Respecting the old and caring for the young is a traditional Chinese virtue.3.Today, people from all walks of life are trying to acquire more knowledge to keep pace with the development of our times.4.Children take a fancy to cartoons.。