翻译专题
英语高考中的翻译（中译英）题要求考生能应用所学过的语法和词汇来准确地表达思想，是一种要求相当高的考查形式。
翻译是用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思想内容准确、完整地再现出来。中译英这一题型要求考生把中文的句子译成通顺的、语法结构正确的、符合英语表达习惯的英语句子，并能准确地传达中文句子中的每一个信息。
该题型全面地考查学生英语词汇、语法等知识的综合运用能力，它对学生的动词时态、语态、名词的单复数、冠词、形容词、副词、介词等应用能力，还对学生的词组、句型、句子结构等进行了全面考查。
高考评分标准:
1．每题中单词拼写、标点符号、大小写错误每两处扣一分；
2．语法错误（包括时态错误）每处扣一分；
3．译文没用所给的单词扣一分。
翻译技巧：
一）看括号
一、看括号内所给的单词或词组的意思以及它们的常用搭配；
1．越来越多的人意识到遵守交通规则的重要性。（ aware）
二、看括号内所给的单词或词组对应的是汉语中的哪个部分；
2．你一旦养成了坏习惯，改掉它是很难的。（once ）
三、看括号内所给的单词或词组对整个句子结构的提示。
3．保护环境是每个公民的职责。（It…）
4．我们的祖国从来没有像今天这样强大。（Never …）
二）定时态
5. 在过去的几年里,这家工厂用塑料代替木头来降低成本. (substitute )
6. 毫无疑问,政府会采取措施来阻止疾病的蔓延. (doubt )
7. 充分利用时间并不意味着从早到晚不停地看书. ( keep)
5. In the past few years, the factory has substituted plastic for wood to reduce the costs.
6.There is no doubt that the government will take measures/action to prevent the spread of the disease.
7. Making full use of time doesn?t mean keeping reading books from morning till night
.
三）抓主干
8. 这种从煤里提炼出的物质可以制成各种有用的东西.(take out of )
9. 虽然空气污染被公认为是这一地区最严重的问题, 然而当地政府采取的措施却不尽如人意。 ( take action)
8. The material taken out of the coal can be made into useful things of different kinds.
9. Although it is generally accepted that air pollution is the most serious problem in this area, the action that the local government is taking is far from
satisfactory.
四.）添枝叶
10. 他近视的原因是连续四五个小时不停地看书. (keep )
11. 对于想要了解医学科学新的发展的人来说, 这本杂志是很有帮助的. (inform ) 10. The reason why he became short-sighted/ near-sighted is that he kept reading for four or five hours .
11. This magazine is of great help to those who want to be informed of the latest development in medical science.
做翻译题的步骤和方法:
1.看一遍所要翻译的中文句子及括号里所给的词(组), 决定将要译成的英语句子的总框架结构，具体说来，即分析句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句。
2.如果句中有几个动词，要先考虑这些动词之间的关系，再决定是用and, but、or 或so等连接的并列句来表达、还是用从句或非谓语动词形式来连接表达更恰当，或是否需要用倒装句的形式。
3.按照整个句子的意思，判断决定一个基本时态，如复合句中主句的时态，句中的其它时态必须与之保持相呼应。
4.考虑句中用了几个词组，具体该如何表达，可一一列出。
5.开始动笔写译文，译的过程中注意所用的名词是特指还是泛指、是单数还是复数; 还要注意谓语动词的单、复数。
6.复看一遍，检查完成的译文是否有疏忽遗漏，确保每个信息都一表达。
注意的事项：
1）选定适当的句型
在翻译中，尤其是翻译较长的句子，选用适当的句型往往是成败的关键。英语中的句型一般可分成四大类：1）简单句；2）并列句，即用 and、but、so、or 等连接词连接的句子；3）复合句，即主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、状语从句、定语从句。4）非谓语结构，即动名词、分词、不定式、独立主格结构。
在翻译中，某个句子是否可以用一种、两种或三种句式完全要按照具体情况来定。一般来说，在有几种句式可供选择的情况下，最好选用自己容易表达、最有把握的句式。如：
（1）不要冒险使用这只有毛病的插头，会引起火灾的。
a)Don?t run the risk of using this fa ulty plug, or it might cause a fire.
b) Don?t run the risk of using this faulty plug ,which might cause a fire.
（2）据报道史密斯先生又作出了一个伟大的发现。
a)It is reported that Mr.Smith has made another great discovery.
b)Mr. Smith is reported to have made another great discovery.
c) According to the report, Mr. Smith has made another great discovery.
2）选定适当的词语。
在英语中，一个单词往往含有多个意思。同样中文中的一个词语若要译成英语时，往往也有几个类似或相似的词语可供选择。不同的词语在不同的语境和搭配中有其特定的含义，如何选定适当的词语来准确地表达是翻译的关键所在，也是高考设立翻译题的目的之一。
Focused Practice (2)---翻译专题
1.我们不能只是在教师节时才想到要尊敬教师。(think of)
2.直到他长大成人才真正体会到父亲对他的爱。(Only when)
3.说起中国足球，大多数球迷是又爱又恨。(talk of)
4.一个人不可能一辈子不犯错误，但要尽量少犯错误。(as…as possible)
5.他觉得给别人带来幸福的人才是世界上最幸福的人。(bring)
6.使我惊讶的是，在北欧地区几乎每个人都会一、两种外语。(amazement)
7.每当他听到这首歌曲，就会想起家乡的一草一木。(occur)
8.中国政府决定向艾滋病患者免费提供药品。(suffer)
9.任何生产像劣质奶粉这样害人的产品的人必须受到法律的惩罚。(produce)
10.我怀疑世界上究竟有没有使人聪明的药。(on earth)
11.很难估计伊拉克战争将持续多久。(estimate)
12.石油价格的飞速上涨对世界经济产生了很大的影响。(affect)
13.你觉得年轻人借钱买汽车是否明智? (sensible)
14.我非常敬佩那些为祖国争光的残疾运动员。(admire)
15.只要恐怖主义存在一天，世界就不会安宁。(exist)
16.使我非常气愤的是，有些老板经常强迫农民工日夜干活。(make)
17.如果人人想当白领，今后谁来干体力活? (do)
18.我认为数码相机总有一天会替代传统相机。(substitute)
19.二十年前没人能预料到上海的家庭会普及空调。(popular)
20.越来越多的人希望在假期里亲近大自然。(be close to)
Keys:
1.We can't think of respecting teachers only on Teachers' Day.
2.Only when he became an adult did he really realize his father's love for him.
3.Talking of the football of China, most of the football fans love and hate it.
4.It is impossible for a person not to make any mistakes, but he should make as few mistakes as
possible.
5.He thinks (that) the people who bring happiness to the others are the happiest ones in the
world.
6.To my amazement, nearly everybody in the areas of Northern Europe can speak one or two
foreign languages.
7.Every time he hears this song, almost everything in his hometown will occur to him.
8.The Chinese government has decided to provide medicines free to those who are suffering
from AIDS.
9.Anyone who (has) produced such harmful products as milk powder of poor quality must be
punished by law.
10.I doubt whether on earth there is any medicine that makes people clever in the world.
11.It is hard to estimate how long the Iraq War will last.
12.That the prices of oil went up/ rose rapidly has greatly affected the world economy.
13.Do you find/ think it sensible for young people to borrow money to buy cars?
14.I admire the disabled athletes who (have) won honour for our country.
15.As long as terrorism exists, there will be no peace in the world.
16.To my great anger, some bosses often make the workers from the countryside work day and
night.
17.Who will do physical work from now on if everybody wants to be a white-collar worker?
18.I think there will be a day when digital cameras will substitute for traditional ones.
( Or: I think digital cameras will substitute for traditional ones one day.)
19.Twenty years ago, nobody could expect that air-conditioners would be popular with the
families in Shanghai.
20.More and more people hope to be close to nature during the holidays.
Home Assignment (2)---翻译专题
1．她瞥了一下那本新字典的价格，二话没说就买了下来。（without hesitation）She glance at the price of the new dictionary and bought it without hesitation.
2．最近的一次参观博物馆给这些外国学生留下了很深的印象。(make a deep impression on/give sb. a deep impression)
The recent visit to the museum made a deep impression on these foreign students.
3．在一定条件下, 一件坏事可以导致好的结果。(lead to)
In given conditions, a bad thing can lead to good results.
4．大多数人失败的原因不是没有能力，而是缺少信心。(lack of)
It?s lack of confidence, not lack of ability that makes most people fail.
5．每次你顺便来美容美发院，我们保证新的头发款式会让你觉得开心。(on top pf the world) Every time you drop in at the hairdressing salon, we guarantee the new hairstyle
will make you feel on top of the world.
6．此外，微型计算机的发展还为在家工作的人开辟了与信息有关的一些领域。(in addition) In addition, advance in micro computers have opened information related fields to
home workers.
7．每人都应注意保护视力。(pay attention to )
Everyone should pay attention to preserving his own eyesight.
8．在拥挤的公共汽车里挤出去真不容易。(squeeze out)
It is difficult to squeeze one's way out in a crowded bus.
9．他们正在讨论这计划如何实施。(put sth into effect)
They were discussing how to put the plan into effect
10.他们的老师有很多的方法来对付那些偷懒的学生。(deal with)
Their teachers have plenty of effective ways to deal with those lazy students.
11.经过6个星期的工作以后，那座房子开始初显雏形。(take shape)
After six weeks' work the house began to take shape.
12.她的思想如此超前，以至于无人可以理解她。(ahead of)
No one understood her for her thoughts were ahead of her times.
13.他骑马冲向敌人。(rush forward)
He rides a horse to rush forward to the enemy.
14.他从来不念书，而是整天打网球。(instead of )
He plays tennis all days instead of studying.
15.我们怎么能区分好坏？(tell from)
How can we tell the good from the bad?
拓展
公事公办business is business
取其精华，去其糟粕follow/keep the good and cast away the bad 诲人不倦never tired of teaching others
众所周知as we all know/as is known to all
为所欲为do whatever they/you like/have one?s own way 情不自禁can?t help doing
熟视无睹take no notice of/turn a blind eye to
竭尽全力do one?s best/make every effort
鞠躬尽瘁devote one?s life to
无济于事It is no use doing…
颠倒黑白call white black
简明扼要make a long story short
归根结底after all
家喻户晓it is known to all
自始至终from beginning to end
掌上明珠the apple of one?s eye
黔驴技穷at one?s wit?s end
一箭双雕 A stone kills two birds
一见钟情fall in love at the first sight
一步之隔，近在咫尺a stone?s throw
一无所知know nothing
一事无成achieve nothing
上上下下up and down
来来回回back and forth
聚精会神fix their mind
助人为乐being always ready to help others.
毛遂自荐volunteered to be
无言以对at a loss what to say
得意洋洋to be proud of himself.
轻而易举without any difficulty
不可置信unbelievable
五彩缤纷colorful
满怀希望hopeful
老老实实honestly
认认真真earnestly
仔仔细细carefully
整整齐齐orderly / neatly
舒舒服服comfortably
多姿多彩colorful
不可置疑undoubtedly
坚持不懈perseverance
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Large companies need a way to reach the savings of the public at large. The same problem, on a smaller__50__, faces practically every company trying to __51__ new products and create new jobs. There can be little prospect of raising the sort of sums needed from friends and people we know. While banks may agree to provide
short-term finance, they are generally __52__ to provide money on a permanent basis for long-term projects. So companies turn to public, inviting people to lend them money, or take a share in the business in __53__ for a share in future profits. This they do by __54__ stocks and shares in the business through the Stock Exchange. By doing so they can put into circulation the savings of __55__ and organizations, both at home and overseas.
When the saver needs his money back, he does not have to go to the company with whom he originally placed it. __56__, he sells his shares through a stockbroker to some other saver who is seeking to __57__ his money.
Many of the __58__ needed both by industry and by each of us are provided by the government or by local authorities. Without hospitals, electricity, telephones, railways, this country could not __59__. All these require __60__ spending on new equipment and new development if they are to serve us properly, requiring more money than is raised through taxes alone. The government, local authorities, and nationalized industries __61__ frequently need to borrow money to finance major capital spending, and they, too, come to the Stock Exchange.
There is __62__ a man or woman in this country whose job or whose standard of living does not __63__ the ability of his or her employers to raise money to finance new development. In one way or another this new money must come from the savings of the country. The Stock Exchange __64__ to provide a channel through which these savings can reach those who need finance.
50. A. level B. extent C. scale D. basis
51. A. programme B. provide C. develop D. prepare
52. A. unexpected B. unwilling C. unbelievable D. uncertain
53. A. search B. exchange C. value D. comfort
54. A. issuing B. allowing C. producing D. acquiring
55. A. immigrants B. investigators C. inheritors D. individuals
56. A. Indeed B. In fact C. In addition D. Instead
57. A. eliminate B. reflect C. invest D. profit
58. A. properties B. appliances C. foundations D. services
59. A. function B. experience C. share D. launch
60. A. invisible B. continuous C. limited D. economical
61. A. therefore B. however C. nevertheless D. otherwise
62. A. definitely B. almost C. hardly D. probably
63. A. turn down B. depend on C. take over D. put off
64. A. releases B. forces C. leaves D. exists Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
A voyaging ship was wrecked during a storm at sea and only two of the men aboard were able to swim to a small, desert-like island. Not knowing what else to do, the two survivors agreed that they had no alternativethan to pray to God.
However, to find out whose prayers were more powerful, they agreed to divide the territory between them and stay on opposite sides of the island.
The first thing they prayed for was food. The next morning, the first man saw a fruit-bearing tree on his side of the island, and he was able to eat its fruit. But the other man?s parcel of land remained barren.
After a week, the first man became lonely and decided to pray for a wife. The next day, another ship was wrecked and the only survivor was a woman who swam to his side of the island. But on the other side of the island, there was nothing.
Soon thereafter the first man prayed for a house, clothes and more food. The next day, like magic, all of these things were given to him. However, the second man still had nothing.
Finally, the first man prayed for a ship so that he and his wife could leave the island, and in the morning he found a ship docked at his side of the island.
The first man boarded the ship with his wife and decided to leave the second man on the island, considering the other man unworthy to receive God?s blessings since none of his prayers had been answered.
As the ship was about to leave, the first man heard a voice from Heaven booming, “Why are you leaving your companion on the island?”
“My blessings are mine alone since I was the one who prayed for them,” the first man answered. “His prayers were all unanswered and so he doesn?t deserve anything.”
“You are mistaken!” the voice rebuked him. “He had only one prayer, which I answered. If not for that, you would not have received any of my blessings.”
“Tell me,” the first man asked the voice, “what did he pr ay for that I should owe him anything?”
“He prayed that all your prayers would be answered.”
For all we know, our blessings are not the fruits of our prayers alone, but those of another praying for us. So what you do for others is more important than what you do for yourself.
65. The first man?s wife is _____.
A. a swimmer who got to the island by accident
B. an angel sent by God to keep him company
C. a survivor from another wrecked ship
D. a native person on the desert-like island
66. The underlined word “barren” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _____.
A. isolated
B. unproductive
C. fertile
D. dry
67. Which of the following is true about the second man?
A. He didn?t deserve any blessing from God.
B. None of his prayers was answered by God.
C. He is not brave enough to tell God his needs.
D. His prayer helped his companion get out of trouble.
68. What?s the moral of the story?
A. Never judge a person by appearance.
B. Don?t lose heart in trouble.
C. Helping others is helping ourselves.
D. Greed is the root of all evil.
(C)
Barack Obama urged congressional leaders on Monday to act quickly to pass a huge stimulus package for the U.S. economy. He met with a bipartisan (concerning or involving two different political parties) group of lawmakers on Capitol Hill. Later he met individually with Democratic and Republican House and Senate leaders and spoke to a bipartisan leadership gathering. In comments to reporters early on Monday, he emphasized the urgency of finalizing economic legislation (立法). “We have got an extraordinary economic challenge ahead of us,” he said, “We are expecting a sobering job report at the end of the week. Nancy Pelosi and her staff have been extraordinarily helpful in working with our team so that we can shape an economic recovery and reinvestment plan that starts putting people back to work.”
Mr. Obama wants tax cuts for individual Americans and businesses to make up a significant portion of expected legislation. This could involve as much as $300 billion of a bill that is likely to go beyond $700 billion and include aid to cash-poor U.S. states, and money for alternative energy and a range of infrastructure (基础设施) projects. Later, Mr. Obama said he expects to be able to sign legislation as soon as the end of this month, adding that quick action is necessary to “break the drive of the U.S. economic depression”.
Emerging later from bipartisan talks with Mr. Obama, Nancy Pelosi said lawmakers discussed with the president how to pass a stimulus package as quickly as possible. “An economic recovery package that will create jobs immediately and will grow the economy and that is what we talked about today,” said Nancy Pelosi. “How we could do this fast, deliberatively and to act upon it soon.” Just how soon t hat would be, Pelosi would not say.
How much support Democrats can obtain from Republicans will depend on the details. But the severity of the U.S. economic depression has created considerable bipartisan backing for quick action. Senate Majority Leader, Ha rry Reid said: “There are investments that we need to make on behalf of the American people to turn around this economy. We felt very good about the meeting; we are confident that we can do this and we have to do this.”
“I think the best thing I can do is to decline to comment on what they are going to do going forward,” said Dana Perino. “Obviously, we think that tax cuts were the right way to help our economy get out of the economic depression that this president inherited and we know that tax cuts can st imulate innovation.” Asked by reporters how large the economic stimulus package might be, Senate Majority Leader Reid said Obama indicated that all but one of some 28 economists advising him had said it should range from $800 billion to $1.3 trillion.
72. Barack Obama urged congressional leaders and met with bipartisan leaders to
_____.
A. take over the White House
B. end economic decline
C. understand each other better
D. negotiate political issues
73. If the stimulus package is passed quickly and successfully, it can _____.
A. obtain support from Republicans
B. finalize economic legislation
C. enhance America?s international position
D. provide job opportunities
74. What is the bipartisan leaders? attitude towards this meeting?
A. Uncertain.
B. Hopeful.
C. Disappointed.
D. Indifferent.
75. What can we infer from the passage?
A. The best way out of the economic depression is tax cuts.
B. The Republic Party plays the key role in coping with the economic depression.
C. Democrats and Republicans will team up in the economic depression.
D. When the stimulus package will be passed is known to the lawmakers.
Section D
Directions:Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.
Children and adolescents who watch a lot of television are more likely to have antisocial and criminal behavior when they become adults, according to a new University of Otago, New Zealand, study published online in the journal Pediatrics. The study followed a group of around 1,000 children born in the New Zealand city of Dunedin in 1972-1973. Every two years between the ages of 5 and 15, they were asked how much television they watched. Those who watched more television were more likely to have a criminal conviction and were also more likely to have antisocial personality traits in adulthood.
The study found that the risk of having a criminal behavior by early adulthood increased by about 30% with every hour that children spent watching TV on an average weeknight.
The study also found that watching more television in childhood was associated, in adulthood, with aggressive personality, an increased tendency to experience negative emotions, and an increased risk of antisocial personality disorder; a psychiatric disorder characterised by persistent patterns of aggressive and antisocial behavior.
The researchers found that the relationship between TV viewing and antisocial behavior was not explained by socio-economic status, aggressive or antisocial behavior in early childhood, or parenting factors.
A study co-author, Lindsay Robertson, says it is not that children who were already antisocial watched more television. “Rather, children who watched a lot of television were likely to go on to manifest antisocial behavior and personality traits.”
Other studies have suggested a link between television viewing and antisocial behavior, though very few have been able to demonstrate a cause-and-effect sequence. This is the first …real-life? study that has asked about TV viewing throughout the whole childhood period, and has looked at a range of antisocial outcomes in adulthood. As an observational study, it cannot prove that watching too much television caused the antisocial outcomes, but the findings are consistent with most of the research and provides further evidence that excessive television can have
long-term consequences for behavior.
Antisocial behavior is a major problem for society. While we?re not saying that television causes all antisocial behavior, our findings do suggest that reducing TV viewing could go some way towards reducing rates of antisocial behavior in society,” says Associate Professor Hancox.
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that children should watch no more than 1 to 2 hours of quality television programming each day. The researchers say their findings support the idea that parents should try to limit their children's television use.
(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)
81. The aim of the study is to reveal
______________________________________________.
82. The researchers chose __________________________________________ as
their research subjects（研究对象）.
83. What?s the shortcoming of most of the studies on this topic?
__________________________________________________________.
84. What do you suppose many parents will do after reading this passage?
__________________________________________________________.
上海市四区（杨浦、青浦、宝山、静安）2013年高考二模英语试题
参考答案
25—29 BDCAD 30—34 ABCDC 35—40 ADBBC A
41—49 EHJCF GBDA
50—64 CCBBA DDCDA BACBD
65—68 C B D C
69—71 C B D
72—75 BDBC
76—80 EBFAC
81. the relationship between television viewing and antisocial behavior.
82. about 1,000 children born in Dunedin in 1972-1973.
83. They fail to demonstrate a cause-and-effect sequence.
84. Limit their children?s television use (to 1 to 2 hours).
Translation:
85. Many drivers/ don?t get used to/ the new traffic rules.
86. The traditional way/ of buying train tickets/ has already been replaced/ by the one through the
Internet
87. It won?t be a few days/ before/ they mail you/ the result about the interview.
88. We are all concerned about/ the food quality/ because it is close ly related to everyone?s health.
89. Those firefighters risked their life/ to successfully rescue/ all the old and children/ trapped/ in the burning house.
句子翻译 1.我是学生.(简单句)______________________________________________________________________________ 2.他在做的与我无关._____________________________________________________________________________ 3.我来了,但他已经走了. (复合句)___________________________________________________________________ 4.我不知道他已经走了,但是她知道. (并列复合句)_____________________________________________________ 5.你能回答我的问题吗?___________________________________________________________________________ 6.我在写信.______________________________________________________________________________________ 7.请开门.________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.他是一个多聪明的男孩啊!________________________________________________________________________ 9.我非常喜欢这本书.______________________________________________________________________________ 10.他昨天去哪儿了?_______________________________________________________________________________ 第二组：词类 11.你应该用正确的方法做这件事.____________________________________________________________________ 12.最终, 他受到了惩罚.____________________________________________________________________________ 13.他在湖里游泳. He is swimming in the lake. 14.至今,我已经读了100部小说. So far, I have read 100 novels. 15.我不喜欢这乐曲. I don’t like the music. 16.你喜欢音乐吗? Do you like music? 17.如果我是你, 我会跟他在一起. If I were you, I would stay with him. 18.面对困难,一定要保持冷静. When facing difficulty, you should keep calm. 19.最终,他梦想成真. At last, his dream came true. 20.你所说的听起来很有道理.
Unit 1 友谊 P2 Reading 安妮最好的朋友 你是不是想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友呢?或者你是不是担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前的困境呢?安妮·弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友，于是她就把日记当成了她最好的朋友。 安妮在第二次世界大战期间住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。她一家人都是犹太人，所以他们不得不躲藏起来，否则他们就会被德国纳粹抓去。她和她的家人躲藏了两年之后才被发现。在这段时间里，她唯一的忠实朋友就是她的日记了。她说，“我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。我要把这本日记当作我的朋友，我要把我这个朋友称作基蒂”。安妮自从1942年7月起就躲藏在那儿了，现在，来看看她的心情吧。 亲爱的基蒂： 我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。我记得非常清楚，以前，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未令我心迷神往过。自从我来到这里，这一切都变了。 比方说，有天晚上天气很暖和，我熬到11点半故意不睡觉，为的是独自好好看看月亮。但是因为月光太亮了，我不敢打开窗户。还有一次，就在五个月以前的一个晚上，我碰巧在楼上，窗户是开着的。我一直等到非关窗不可的时候才下楼去。漆黑的夜晚，风吹雨打，雷电交加，我全然被这种力量镇住了。这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚，令人伤心的是，我只能透过脏兮兮的窗帘观看大自然，窗帘悬挂在沾满灰尘的窗前，但观看这些已经不再是乐趣，因为大自然是你必须亲身体验的。 第二单元世界上的英语 P9 Reading 通向现代英语之路 16世纪末期大约有5百万到7百万人说英语，几乎所有这些人都生活在英国。后来，在17世纪英国人开始航海征服了世界其它地区。于是，许多别的国家开始说英语了。如今说英语的人比以往任何时候都多，他们有的是作为第一语言来说，有的是作为第二语言或外语。 以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以互相交流。请看以下例子：英国人贝蒂：“请到我的公寓(flat)里来看看，好吗?”美国人艾米：“好的。我很乐意到你的公寓(apartment)去。” 那么，英语在一段时间里为什么会起变化呢?事实上，当不同文化互相交流渗透时，所有的语言都会有所发展，有所变化。首先，在公元450年到1150年间，人们所说的英语跟今天所说的英语就很不一样。当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础的，而现代英语不是。然后，渐渐地，大约在公元800年到1150年期间，英语不那么像德语了。因为那时的英国的统治者起初讲丹麦语后来讲法语。这些新的定居者大大丰富了英语语言，特别是在词汇方面。所以到17世纪，莎士比亚所用的词汇量比以前任何时期都大。在1620年，一些英国人搬迁到美洲定居。后来，到了19世纪，有些英国人也被送往澳大利亚，两个国家的人都开始说英语了。 最后，到20世纪，英语才真正定形。那时，英语在拼写上发生了两大变化：首先，塞缪尔·约翰逊编写了词典，后来，诺厄·韦伯斯特编纂了《美国英语词典》，后者体现了
B5M1(句子翻译) 1.It_doesn’t_matter_whether you will attend the party or not. 你来不来参加派对并不重要。 2.Many students are hot on playing computer games, while Wang Chen likes playing Weiqi. 许多学生热衷于电脑游戏，而王琛却喜欢下围棋。 .They have a lot in common and get along well with each other. 3.他们有很多相同之处，相处得很融洽。 .They are twin sisters, yet they have_little_in_common in their hobbies. 4.她们是孪生姐妹，但是她们的业余爱好几乎没有相同之处。 .In_common_with other companies, they advertise widely as well. 5.和其他公司一样，他们也广泛地做广告。 .One false step will make a great difference. 6.失之毫厘，谬以千里。 .The twins look so similar that you can hardly tell_the_difference_between them. 7.这对双胞胎看起来太像了，你简直无法把他们区分开来。 .It might be obvious to you, but it isn’t to me. 8.这对你来说也许很容易理解，但对我却并非如此。 .It_is_obvious_that the two Englishes have much in common. 9.很显然，这两种英语有很多共同之处。 .Obviously (obvious), American spelling is simpler than British spelling. 10很显然，美式拼写要比英式拼写简单。
A business that is owned and controlled by one person is considered to be a sole trader. This form of business ownership is simple and generally inexpensive. The owner of a sole trader is entitled to make all the decisions in the organization and retain all the profits. A partnership is an organization where two or more person (partners) own and control a business. In a partnership, it is normal for each partner to have unlimited liability for debits of the business. In addition, partnerships have a limited life, and can be dissolved on the death or retirement of a partner. A corporation is a business that is organized as a separate legal entity under the law. Corporations are owned by shareholders who contribute to the capital of the business by buying shares in the corporation. The shareholders are not personally liable for(对……有责任) the debits of the corporation. In most corporations, control of the affairs of the corporation is maintained by a board of directors who are elected by shareholders. A business that is owned and controlled by one person is considered to be a sole trader. This form of business ownership is simple and generally inexpensive.一人拥有和控制的企业被称为个人独资企业。这种企业形式比较简单，而且通常投资额较小。The owner of a sole trader is entitled to make all the decisions in the organization and retain all the profits.个人独资企业的所有者对企业内所有的事务制定决策并拥有企业的全部利润。A partnership is an organization where two or more person (partners) own and control a business. In a partnership, it is normal for each partner to have unlimited liability for debits of the business. In addition, partnerships have a limited life, and can be dissolved on the death or retirement of a partner.合伙企业是由两个或以上的人（合伙人）共同拥有和控制的企业组织形式。一般在合伙企业中，每个合伙人对企业债务都承担无限责任。同时，合伙企业的寿命也是有限的，企业可能因为某个合伙人死亡或退休而终止。 A corporation is a business that is organized as a separate legal entity under the law.公司是依照法律规定成立的独立法人组织。Corporations are owned by shareholders who contribute to the capital of the business by buying shares in the corporation. 公司由股东拥有，股东通过购买公司的股份为公司提供资本。The shareholders are not personally liable for the debits of the corporation. In most corporations, control of the affairs of the corporation is maintained by a board of directors who are elected by shareholders. 股东个人对公司的债务不承担无限责任。大多数公司的经营业务由股东选出的董事会实施控制。
Unit 3 作战网络好战者 1.最近一场模拟美国遭受毁灭性网络攻击的演习急需布鲁斯·威利斯曾在小电脑客马特福斯特的专业帮助下打破了一个异国客天衣无缝的电脑系统入侵计划这样的一个具有高精尖电脑技术的人的帮助由于一系列神秘的攻击国家基础设施陷入瘫痪包括航空运输金融市场甚至是基本的电子通信。如果这还不够糟糕那么一段与神秘攻击毫不相干的电力断供期的出现让已经无电力供应的东部沿海地区停止运转。 2.这次模拟实验是由一群网络安全领域的专家支持的并在两党联立政策中心——华盛顿智囊团的组织下进行的于一个星期六的晚上在CNN广播公布。它引来了始料未及的烦恼。美国政府显得不够胜任不够关注并且有些管理混乱。历来的政府官员包括前任国家安全部秘书迈克儿·舍特奥夫前任州政府秘书代理人乃格尔包特都加入模拟实战通过电视宣传它的重要作用模拟的组织者们坚定地下了这样的结论美国尚未做好网络之战的准备。 3.这几个月以来到处充斥着来自前任和现任国家安全官员的网络主战论。前两部门网络安全顾问理查德·克拉克在他最近的新书里提到“网络战已经开始了。”前国家安全局的领导麦克·麦可科奈尔在二月召开的国会里说道“倘若今天进入网络战我们必输无疑。”四月中央情报局理事里奥·番奈特说道“下一个网络攻击的“珍珠港”事件很可能会进入我们的领地。” 4.近期对于谷歌的隐形侵袭过程只能加重公众的担忧。因为
在侵袭途中有人欺骗谷歌员工打开了未经允许的链接使得入侵者们进入了谷歌密码运行软件的部分区域。这些针对谷歌的恶性攻击事件增加了公众的恐慌情绪。如果连世界上最具创新性的技术公司都无法保护计算机免受诸如此类的网络侵略我们还期望从本国安全部门这个官僚政治的巨头那里得到什么 5.谷歌应该为其声称自己受到网络攻击的行为得到掌声而大多数公司面对这些事件时倾向于保持沉默。但是成百上千甚至更多的这些以私人和公共部门为目标的攻击事件加起来就等于即将来临的危险——这个值得广泛宣传的网络战吗证据显得如此不可靠。 6.可笑的是在网络防卫上投入得越多我们就越觉得不安全。一份2009年来自营销智囊团Input公司的报告预测在未来五年政府花在网络安全上的经费将以8.1%的综合速度增长。另一份于3月出自顾问公司Market Research Media的报告估计从今年起到2015年政府用于网络安全的总费用将直逼550亿美元其中预计诸如网络传输监控和追踪等领域增长尤为迅速。 7.鉴于过去我们政府与它众多的承包商之间关系过分亲密的事情那些花言巧语过分鼓吹网络战的承包商完全可能使得费用至少增加几十亿。麦克·麦可科奈尔先生的现任雇主艾伦·汉密尔顿已经与空军签订价值三千四百万关于网络安全合同。除了写与网络安全相关的文章外理查德·克拉克还是Good Harbor Consulting安全公司的成员之一。 8.麦克·麦可科奈尔与克拉克甚至那些数不胜数的实现了成
1稍等一会儿，我会帮助你的。（for a while）Just wait for a while and then I'll help you. 句型：祈使句, and / or 主语+谓语… 如：请尽早做出决定,不然你会坐失良机.(or) Please make your decision as early as possible, or you’ll miss the golden chance. 2他们作了自我介绍。(introduce) They introduced themselves. 3请去查询下班火车什么时候开。(find out) Please find out when the next train leaves. 划线部分为宾语从句:关联词when+主语the next train+谓语leaves 4昨天下午2时到4时你在做什么？(过去进行时) What were you doing from two to four yesterday afternoon? 表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作 5我正在吃晚饭，电话铃响了。(when) I was having dinner when the phone rang. was/were doing…when: 过去正在做某事，就在那时when=at that time 6不仅我，而且汤姆和玛丽都喜欢游泳。(be fond of) Not only I but also Tom and Mary are fond of swimming. not only…but also：就近原则,此句主语为Tome and Mary 喜欢: be fond of 7他今天感到身体好多了。(a lot) He's feeling a lot better today. a lot 修饰比较级 8礼堂里早已挤满了高中学生。(be full of) The hall was already full of senior high school students. 高中生senior high school students be full of:充满 9我在街上走时，看到了一些古老的建筑物。(while) While I was walking down the street, I saw some old buildings 10我走近花园时，几个男孩子在爬树。(用过去进行时) Some boys were climbing a tree when I entered the garden。 11请脱下你的旧上衣，穿上这件新的。(take off, put on) Please take off your old coat and put on this new one. 12这件事是什么时候发生的？（happen）What time did it happen? happen vi 发生没有被动某人发生某事: sth happened to sb 13他去办公室查询课程表.(ask abut) He went to the office to ask about the time-table. 14当我们到达车站时，火车已开出了。(过去完成时) When we got to the station the train had left。 15他服药后，开始感到好些了.(过去完成时) After he had taken the medicine, he began to feel better.
必修1第一单元Reading 阅读 ANNE’S BEST FRIEND Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her diary her best friend. Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War II. Her family was Jewish so the had to hide or they would be caught by the German Nazis. She and her family hide away for two years before they were discovered. During that time the only true friend was her diary. She said, “I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.” Now r ead how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942. Thursday 15, June, 1944 Dear kitty, I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. That’s changed since I was here.…For example, when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn’t dare open a window. Another time some months ago, I happened to be upstairs one evening when the window was open. I didn’t go downstairs until the window had to be shut. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power; it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face… …Sadly…I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows. It’s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced. Yours, Anne Using Language 语言运用 Reading and listening 读与听 1 Read the letter that Lisa wrote to Miss Wang of Radio for Teenagers and predict what Miss Wang will say. After listening, check and discuss her advice. Dear Miss Wang, I am having some trouble with my classmates at the moment. I’m getting along well with a boy in my class. We often do homework together and we enjoy helping each other. We have become really good friends. But other students have started gossiping. They say that this boy and I have fallen in love. This has made me angry. I don’t want to end the friendship, but I hate other s gossiping. What should I do? Yours, Lisa Reading and writing 读与写 Miss Wang has received a letter from Xiaodong. He is also asking for some advice. Read the letter on the right carefully and help Miss Wang answer it.
会计方面专业术语的xx acceptance承兑 account账户 accountant会计员 accounting会计 accounting system会计制度 accounts payable应付账款 accounts receivable应收账款 accumulated profits累积利益 adjusting entry调整记录 adjustment调整 administration expense管理费用 advances预付 advertising expense广告费 agency代理 agent代理人 agreementxx allotments分配数 allowance津贴 amalgamation合并 amortization摊销
amortized cost应摊成本 annuities年金 applied cost已分配成本 applied expense已分配费用 applied manufacturing expense己分配制造费用apportioned charge摊派费用 appreciation涨价 article of association公司章程 assessment课税 assets资产 attorney fee律师费 audit审计 auditor审计员 average平均数 average cost平均成本 bad debt坏账 balance余额 balance sheet资产负债表 bank account银行账户 bank balance银行结存 bank charge银行手续费
bank deposit银行存款 bank discount银行贴现bank draft银行汇票 bank loan银行借款 bank overdraft银行透支bankers acceptance银行承兑bankruptcy破产 bearer持票人 beneficiary受益人 bequest遗产 bill票据 bill of exchange汇票 bill of lading提单 bills discounted贴现票据bills payable应付票据 bills receivable应收票据board of directors董事会bonds债券 bonus红利 book value账面价值bookkeeper簿记员
第1页张盼青刘嘉瑞 货币的历史 最初：物物交换 物物交换是一种对资源或服务的交换，用来得到共同的利益，这也许要追溯到人类的开始。有的人甚至争辩说这不仅仅是人类的活动。植物和动物一直在物物交换——在共生的关系中——维持了几千年。无论如何，人类的物物交换是要先于货币的使用的。今天，个体，组织和政府依旧使用也经常更喜欢用物物交换来作为物品和服务的形式。 公元前9000~600年：牲畜 牲畜是第一个，也是最古老的货币形式，包括了任何牛，羊，骆驼。随着农业的出现有了谷物的使用和其他蔬菜或植物生产在文化中作为物物交换的标准形式。 公元前1200年：贝壳币（或直接写贝币） 贝币是一种可在太平洋和印度洋的浅水区可得到的软体动物的外壳，第一次使用贝币是在中国。历史上，许多社会已经用贝壳当做货币。尽管最近是在上世纪的中叶，贝壳已经在一些非洲地区使用。在历史上贝币是最广泛和最长使用时间的货币。
第3页王凌云王云霞 公元前1000年，第一个金属货币 在石器时代末期，制造了青铜和铜仿制品。中国第一个使用了像刀和铁楸这样的金属货币工具。这些早期的金属货币是圆形货币的初始形式。中国的硬币是以常用金属为基础制造的。通常有孔，因此可以把他们穿成一串。 公元前500年，现代货币 在中国以外，最早的货币是由银块发展成的。他们与今天的圆形非常相似，而且，被充满各种上帝和皇帝的图像来标志他们的真实性。这些最早的货币出现在吕底亚（是现在土耳其的一部分），但是这种工艺很快被Greek, Persian, Macedonian和罗马帝国复制和进一步的改进。不像依赖于基础金属的中国货币，这些货币由像银，铜，金这样的珍稀金属制造，内在价值更高。 公元前118年，皮革货币 皮革货币在中国以带有彩色镶边的一平方英尺的白色鹿皮当做货币使用，它可能是第一个看做有证明文件的纸币类型。 公元806年，纸币 第一个纸币出现在中国。中国使用早期纸币总共经历了500多年之久，它贯穿了第九世纪到第十五世纪。在这段期间，纸币制造速度飞快以至于它们的价值迅速贬值，并且通货膨胀急剧上升。从1455年开始，纸币在中国的使用消失了几百年。这种情况持续了很多年直到纸币再次在欧洲出现，并且在3个世纪之后被普遍使用。 1535，贝壳串珠货币 贝壳串珠最早在1535年被北美印第安人用蚌壳制作成有孔的小珠来使用的。更有可能的是，这种货币媒介的存在远远早于这个时期。印第安语中“贝壳”的意思是白色，它是珠子的颜色。 1816年，金本位制 1816年，英格兰正式将黄金确定为价值标准。与此同时，政策允许那些代表特定黄金含量的标准纸币发行。在此之前，纸币已经在英格兰和欧洲使用了几百年了。但是它们的价值并没有与黄金直接地联系起来。美国在1900年正式实施了金本位法案，促进了今后中央银行的设立。
人教版高中英语必修一课文翻译 第一单元 安妮最好的朋友 你是不是想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友呢？或者你 是不是担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前的困境呢？安妮?弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友，于是她就把日记档成了她最好的朋友。 安妮在第二次世界大战期间住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。她一家人都是犹太人，所以他们不得不躲藏起来，否则他们就会被德国纳粹抓去。她和她的家人躲藏了两年之后才被发现。在这段时间里，她唯一的忠实朋友就是她的日记了。她说，“我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。我要把这本日记当作我的朋友，我要把我这个朋友称作基蒂”。安妮自从1942年7月起就躲藏在那儿了，现在，来看看她的心情吧。1944年6月15日星期四 亲爱的基蒂： 我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。我记得非常清楚，以前，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未令我心迷神往过。自从我来到这里，这一切都变了。 ……比方说，有天晚上天气很暖和，我熬到11点半故意不
睡觉，为的是独自好好看看月亮。但是因为月光太亮了，我不敢打开窗户。还有一次，就在五个月以前的一个晚上，我碰巧在楼上，窗户是开着的。我一直等到非关窗不可的时候才下楼去。漆黑的夜晚，风吹雨打，雷电交加，我全然被这种力量镇住了。这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚…… ……令人伤心的是……我只能透过脏兮兮的窗帘观看大自然，窗帘悬挂在沾满灰尘的窗前，但观看这些已经不再是乐趣，因为大自然是你必须亲身体验的。 你的安妮 第二单元 通向现代英语之路 16世纪末期大约有5百万到7百万人说英语，几乎所有这些人都生活在英国。后来，在17世纪英国人开始航海征服了世界其它地区。于是，许多别的国家开始说英语了。如今说英语的人比以往任何时候都多，他们有的是作为第一语言来说，有的是作为第二语言或外语。 以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以互相交流。请看以下例子： 英国人贝蒂：“请到我的公寓（flat）里来看看，好吗？” 美国人艾米：“好的。我很乐意到你的公寓（apartment）去。”那么，英语在一段时间里为什么会起变化呢？事实上，当不同文化互相交流渗透时，所有的语言都会有所发展，有所变
会计方面专业术语的英文翻译 acceptance 承兑 account 账户 accountant 会计员 accounting 会计 accounting system 会计制度 accounts payable 应付账款 accounts receivable 应收账款 accumulated profits 累积利益 adjusting entry 调整记录 adjustment 调整 administration expense 管理费用 advances 预付 advertising expense 广告费 agency 代理 agent 代理人 agreement 契约 allotments 分配数 allowance 津贴 amalgamation 合并 amortization 摊销 amortized cost 应摊成本 annuities 年金 applied cost 已分配成本 applied expense 已分配费用 applied manufacturing expense 己分配制造费用apportioned charge 摊派费用 appreciation 涨价 article of association 公司章程 assessment 课税 assets 资产 attorney fee 律师费 audit 审计 auditor 审计员 average 平均数 average cost 平均成本 bad debt 坏账 balance 余额
balance sheet 资产负债表 bank account 银行账户 bank balance 银行结存 bank charge 银行手续费 bank deposit 银行存款 bank discount 银行贴现 bank draft 银行汇票 bank loan 银行借款 bank overdraft 银行透支 bankers acceptance 银行承兑 bankruptcy 破产 bearer 持票人 beneficiary 受益人 bequest 遗产 bill 票据 bill of exchange 汇票 bill of lading 提单 bills discounted 贴现票据 bills payable 应付票据 bills receivable 应收票据 board of directors 董事会 bonds 债券 bonus 红利 book value 账面价值 bookkeeper 簿记员 bookkeeping 簿记 branch office general ledger 支店往来账户broker 经纪人 brought down 接前 brought forward 接上页 budget 预算 by-product 副产品 by-product sales 副产品销售 capital 股本 capital income 资本收益 capital outlay 资本支出 capital stock 股本 capital stock certificate 股票 carried down 移后 carried forward 移下页 cash 现金 cash account 现金账户 cash in bank 存银行现金 cash on delivery 交货收款
Chapter 1 Money 1.1 Definition of Money 1.2 Types of Money 1.3 Functions of Money 1.4 Interest and Interest Rate 1.5 Money Supply 1.6 China's Monetary System Exercises Chapter 2 Foreign Exchange 2.1 Definitions and Quotations 2.2 Foreign Exchange Transactions Exercises Chapter 3 Balance of Payments 3.1 The Definition of BOP 3.2 The General Principle of BOP 3.3 The Components of Balance of Payment Statement 3.4 Equilibrium of BOP Exercises Chapter 4 International Monetary System 4.1 The Gold Standard 4.2 Bretton Woods System 4.3 The Jamaica System 4.4 The Present and the Future Exercises Chapter 5 Financial Market 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Money Market 5.3 Capital Market Exercises Chapter 6 Securities 6.1 Overview 6.2 Stock 6.3 Bond Exercises Chapter 7 Loans 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Major Loan Categories 7.3 Loan Classification by Risk
句子翻译（二） 1稍等一会儿，我会帮助你的。（for a while） 2他们作了自我介绍。(introduce) 3请去查询下班火车什么时候开。(find out) 4昨天下午2时到4时你在做什么？(过去进行时) 5我正在吃晚饭，电话铃响了。(when) 6不仅我，而且汤姆和玛丽都喜欢游泳。(be fond of) 7他今天感到身体好多了。(a lot) 8礼堂里早已挤满了高中学生。(be full of) 9我在街上走时，看到了一些古老的建筑物。(while) 10我走近花园时，几个男孩子在爬树。(用过去进行时) 11请脱下你的旧上衣，穿上这件新的。(take off, put on) 12这件事是什么时候发生的？（happen 13他去办公室查询课程表.(ask abut) 14当我们到达车站时，火车已开出了。(过去完成时) 15他服药后，开始感到好些了.(过去完成时) 16 我观看体育节目你有意见吗? (mind) 17我还没有读完那本有关伦敦的书.(finish) 18 他没有跟我说一声就离开了山村。(without) 19我告诉她我已把餐具洗好了。(过去完成时) 20汤姆上楼去他的卧室时，他的姐姐已把他的上衣改短了一英寸。(过去完成时) 21我和汤姆都盼望早日见到您。(look forward to) 22全世界的人都在电视上观看奥运会.(all over the world) 23我听说这场比赛将延期。(put off) 24这里要讲英语.(被动) 25这座体育馆将于明年建成.(被动语态) 26过马路时要小心.(be careful) 27这次车祸是什么引起的?(cause) 28她总是乐于助人.(be ready to) 29这个女孩由于不遵守交通规则，在车祸中受了伤。(被动) 30到时候会通知你的.（被动语态） 31我根本不喜欢这个铜的框架。(not…at all) 32他把玫瑰栽在花园中间.(in the middle) 33他不知道她为什么在练习中有这么多的错误.(wonder) 34他告诉我一切都会好的。(过去将来时) 35谁也不知道我们什么时候举行下次会议.(过去将来时) 36在新学校里有这么多的东西要学 37当老师进来的时候，我们正在愉快地交谈。38我们一读完初中就进入高中。 39我的老师比我想象的要年轻得多。 40晚饭后，我总是在厨房里洗碗碟.
高一英语必修一课文翻译 安妮最好的朋友 你是不是想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友呢?或者你是不是担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前的困境呢?安妮?弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友，于是她就把日记当成了她最好的朋友。 安妮在第二次世界大战期间住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。她一家人都是犹太人，所以他们不得不躲藏起来，否则他们就会被德国纳粹抓去。她和她的家人躲藏了两年之后才被发现。在这段时间里，她唯一的忠实朋友就是她的日记了。她说，“我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。我要把这本日记当作我的朋友，我要把我这个朋友称作基蒂”。安妮自从1942年7月起就躲藏在那儿了，现在，来看看她的心情吧。 亲爱的基蒂： 我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。我记得非常清楚，以前，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未令我心迷神往过。自从我来到这里，这一切都变了。 ……比方说，有天晚上天气很暖和，我熬到11点半故意不睡觉，为的是独自好好看看月亮。但是因为月光太亮了，我不敢打开窗户。还有一次，就在五个月以前的一个晚上，我碰巧在楼上，窗户是开着的。我一直等到非关窗不可的时候才下楼去。漆黑的夜晚，风吹雨打，雷电交加，我全然被这种力量镇住了。这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚…… ……令人伤心的是……我只能透过脏兮兮的窗帘观看大自然，窗帘悬挂在沾满灰尘的窗前，但观看这些已经不再是乐趣，因为大自然是你必须亲身体验的。 Using Language Reading, listening and writing 亲爱的王小姐： 我同班上的同学有件麻烦事。我跟我们班里的一位男同学一直相处很好，我们常常一起做家庭作业，而且很乐意相互帮助。我们成了非常好的朋友。可是，其他同学却开始在背后