主谓一致
主谓一致指句子的主语和谓语动词在人称和数的形式上的一致关系。这种一致关系通常牵涉到三个不同的基本原则：
语法一致原则句子主语和谓语动词在单复数形式上保持一致。
意义一致原则句子主语和谓语动词的一致关系并非取决于主语的单复数形式，而是取决于主语的单复数意义。
就近原则当句子中有若干个并列主语出现，谓语动词的单复数形式由最靠近它的名词决定。
I. 以-s结尾的名词作主语时的主谓一致
II. 集合名词作主语时的主谓一致
III. 并列结构作主语时的主谓一致
IV. 表示数量的名词短语作主语时的主谓一致
V. 一些句型结构的主谓一致（定语从句、存在句、强调句、名词性从句、非谓语形式作主语）VI. 其他结构中的主谓一致
I. 以-s 结尾的名词作主语时的主谓一致
1. 以-s 结尾的表示体育活动的名词作主语
2. 以 -ics 结尾的表示学科的名词作主语
3. 以-s 结尾的地理名词作主语
4. 以-s 结尾的由两部分组成的名词作主语
5. * 以 -ings 结尾的动名词作主语
6. 其他以-s结尾的名词
II. 集合名词作主语时的主谓一致
集合名词指的是同一类人或物的集合体，其中有的是复数含义，有的是不可数含义，有的根据不同的上下文，既可以有复数含义，也可以有单数含义。
1. 通常用作复数的集合名词
这类名词包括people, police, cattle, *poultry, *vermin 等。在它们之后的谓语动词用复数形
式。
e.g. The police are in search of the murderer. Cattle provide us with milk and bee
f.
People 解释为“民族”时为单数形式，复数时词尾要加s。
e.g. There are fifty-six peoples in China.
2. 通常用作单数的集合名词
machinery, equipment, furniture, merchandise, foliage 等。在它们之后的谓语动词用单数形
式。
e.g. The mercha ndise has arrived earlier tha n expected. All the machinery here is made in
China.
3. 既能作复数又能做单数的集合名词
这类名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式主要取决于 ________ 义。
当作主语的集合名词强调的是一个整体或组织，谓语动词用单数形式当作主语的集合名词强调
的是整体中的个体或成员，谓语动词用复数形式。
这类词有：committee, council, association, board, government, family, audienee, crowd,
class, school, army, flock, herd, village 等。
e.g. A committee was asked to in vestigate the case.（强调委员会这一个整体） The
committee is composed of quite a few experts and scholars.（强调委员会这个组织） The
anti-crime committee meets in the town hall.（强调委员会这个组织） The committee are
divided in opinion.（强调委员会中的每个委员）
The committee are at dinner.（强调委员会中的每个委员）
My family is a big one.（强调家庭这一个整体）
My family are all dilige nt workers.（强调家庭中的所有成员）
The audienee are raising their hands to show their approval.（谓语动词用复数形式，与their呼应，强调观众中的每个成员）
The class consists of 45 students.（强调班级这个整体）
The class are unable to decide a monitor.（这里的class 强调班级中的每一个成员）
The herd of cows and calves is the healthiest the farm has hard.（强调牛群这一整体）
The herd of cows and calves are moving towards the barn.（强调牛群中的每一个个体）
The village were all against the project.（强调村庄里的村民们）
4. 其他：
当主语是由a committee/ board/ panel of构成的短语，谓语动词通常用单数形式。 e.g. A
committee of three professors is to decide whether he can get the degree.
A panel of four has bee n chose n to judge the competiti on. The board of direct ions is in
charge of the man ageme nt of the compa ny.
III. 并列结构作主语时的主谓一致
1. 用and或both…and… 连接的并列主语
当and或both…and… 连接的并列主语表示的是两个或两个以上的人或物，谓语动词
通常用复数形式；若所指的只是一个人或物，谓语动词通常用单数形式。
e.g. Blue and yellow make green.
You and I are good frien ds.
The great scholar and poet is now dead.
The great scholar and the poet are now dead
The hammer and sickle was flying from a tall flagpole. Readi ng and solvi ng equati on are
en tirely differe nt assig nmen ts.
Egg and milk is a good breakfast.（这里的鸡蛋和牛奶都指一顿早饭，不可分割）
Bread and butter is nutritious.(涂有黄油的面包)
The can diestick and can dle sells for two poun ds.
即使并列主语的中心词是单数，如果表示的意义是复数，仍应用动词复数。
e.g. Secon dary and higher educatio n have bee n made available in this n ewly-developed
area. What I say and think are no bus in ess of you.
当and连接的并列名词带有each, every或者many a等限定词时，随后的动词常用单数
形式。
e.g. Many a man and woman in this community finds himself or herself in need.
Every boy and girl in the class is give n a copy of the photo.
2. 用or, either…or…，neither…nor…，以及not only…but also… 等连接的并列主语通常采用就
近原则。
e.g. My father or my mother is likely to be at home.
Either you or he is to blame.
Either my father or my mother is coming.
Not only Mary but also her brothers were asked to sing some son gs.
Neither Bill nor his friends were con fide nt of victory.
Neither he nor I know the truth.
IV表示数量的名词短语作主语
1. 表示不定数量的名词短语作主语
some (of), a lot (of), lots (of), ple nty (of), all (of), half (of), the rest (of), the rema in der
(of), most (of), none (of), heaps, loads of, no 等。
我们经常根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的形式。
如果这些短语与可数名词复数连用，谓语动词就用复数
如果这些短语与不可数名词或可数名词单数连用，谓语动词就用单数。
如果这些数量词后面的名词省略了，我们要根据其意义判定谓语动词的单复数形式。
e.g. Some (of the desks) are broke n.
Some (of the furn iture) is broke n.
The rest of us are to con ti nue the work.
The rest of the money is stole n.
Lots of stude nts want to have a try.
Lots of time has bee n wasted.
Half of the lectures deal with the issue of birth con trol.
Half of the lecture deals with the issue of birth con trol.
Most of the stude nts are hard work ing.
Most of it is damaged.
No one shows up.
No two think alike.
如果主语是“分数/百分数+of+名词”，谓语动词的形式也取决于中心名词的单复数形式。
e.g. Two thirds of the city was destroyed in the war.
Thirty-five perce nt of the doctors were female.
a number of +名词复数表示“许多…”，谓语动词用复数形式。
the number of +名词表示“.…的数目”，谓语动词用单数形式。
e.g. A great nu mber of stude nts have en tred for the sports meet ing.
The nu mber of stude nts has doubled in two years.
2. 表示时间和度量的名词短语通常作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式
e.g. Twenty minutes is too long to wait.
Fifty pounds was paid for the coat.
Five days is n eeded to finish the repair work.
如果此类名词短语强调的是其中的每个个体，谓语动词用复数形式。
e.g. There are six silver dollars in each of the pockets.
3. 如果做主语的名词短语由" a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of, a kind of, a sort of,
a type of, this kin d/sort/type of ”构成，无论中心名词的形式如何，谓语动词的形式通常都是
单数。
e.g. There is a kind of rose in the garde n.
This kind of peach is very juicy.
This kind of strawberries is highly priced.
但是如果名词短语的结构为"复数名词+ of this kind ”，谓语动词用复数。
e.g. Peaches of this kind are juicy.
如果做主语的名词短语的形式为" these/those kind of +复数名词”，谓语动词用复数。
e.g. These kind of peaches are very juicy
4. 在"one in/ out of +复数名词”这一结构后，谓语动词一般为单数形式。
e.g. One in ten stude nts has failed the exam.
One out of twenty was badly hurt.
5. 由“ many a +单数名词”或者"more than one +单数名词”组成的名词短语虽然在意义上是复
数，但习惯上谓语动词用单数。
e.g. Many a way has been tried.
More tha n one game was lost
More tha n one pers on has tried to ope n the door.
6. 在由an average of, a majority of构成的短语中，若中心词是average和majority，动词用单
数；若中心词是他们后面的复数名词，动词用复数。
e.g. An average of 25 pers ons apply each mon th.
An average of 25 applications a month isn 'unusual.
A majority of the town ' younger men are moving to the city.
A majority of three votes to one was recorded.
V. 一些句型结构中的主谓一致
1. 定语从句中的主谓一致
在"one of +复数名词+定语从句”结构中，如果关系代词在定语从句中做主语, 定语从句中
的谓语通常用复数形式。
e.g. This is one of the best films, which have appeared in a long time.
在"the only one of或者the one of +复数名词+定语从句”结构中，如果关系代词在定语从
句中做主语，定语从句的动词用单数形式。
e.g. This is the only one of the best films that has pleased me.
He is the only one of those boys who is willing to accept the task.
2. 存在句中的主谓一致
存在句中谓语动词的单复数形式由靠近它的名词决定。
e.g. There is more grace and less careless ness.
There is one pen cil-box and three boxes in the bag.
3. 强调句中的主谓一致
4. 名词性从句中的主谓一致
5. 非谓语形式做主语的主谓一致
VI.其他结构中的主谓一致
1. 主语有肯定和否定组合而成时，谓语动词与肯定主语一致。
e.g. Not you but I am to blame.
I, not you, am to blame
Not he but you are to be fired.
You, not he, are to be fired.
2. 请注意以下例中动词的单复数形式
Some of the clerks as much as the manager were responsible for the loss.
He rather tha n his pare nts is to blame.
My wife, more than anyone else in the family, is anxious to go to the party.
The man ager with some clerks was work ing duri ng the whole holidays.
The father as well as his children is going to register.
Bill together with his sisters was hurt in the accide nt.
The truck along with all its goods was destroyed.
The barn, in addition to the house, was burned.
No one except two boys was late for dinner.
主谓一致
Choose the right form of the verb to fill in the blanks
1. Our school, as well, as the hospital nearby, __________ (was / were) built in the 1930s.
2. Nobody _________ (wants/ want) to see that horrible moves.
3. What I say and think _______ (is/ are) no business of yours.
4. Many a man _______ (has/ have) come to help us.
5. Two weeks ________ (is/ are) enough for us to finish the project.
6. Plenty of fruits, milk and vegetables _________ (is needed/ are needed) for health.
7. He is one of the speakers who ________________ (makes his/ make their) ideas easily
understood.
8. Ms. Charney is the only one of the teachers who ________ (has/ have) got the new idea.
9. The number of people invited _________ (was/ were) fifty, but a number of them ______
(was/ were) absent for various reasons.
10. A number of soldiers _________ (has/ have) gathered at the camp gate.
11. We each ________ (has/ have) been given a gift.
12. Each of us _________ (has/ have) been given a gift.
13. In the living room __________ (is found/ are found) a large sofa and a book shelf.
14. Not only I but also Tom and Tiffany _________ (is/are) fond of skiing.
15. What he will do ________ (has/ have) nothing to do with me.
16. Neither Bill nor his parents ________ (is/ are )surprised at the news.
17. Every means ________ (has been tried/ have been tried) but without much result.
18. Politics ____________ (is/ are) too complicated to analyse.
19. The Philippines __________ (lies/ lie) to the south-east of China.
20. Enough of the data __________ (has/ have) been collected.
21. Two-thirds of the crop _________ (was ruined/ were ruined) in the flood.
22. I have been working for the company for a year already. However, none of the money (was
passed/ were passed) to me.
23. More than one girl _________ (was/ were) missing in this district last week.
24. The number of teachers _____________ (is/ are) never under 100 in this school.
25. Not only he but also I ________ (am/ is/ are) to answer for the accident.
26. All but one __________ (was/ were) here just now.
27. Jack as well as his two friends _______ (is/ are) worth teaching.
28. Writing stories and articles __________ (is/are) what my father enjoys most.
29. Her family _______ (is/are) quite well except that her uncle has been ill.
30. Many a man and many a woman ___________ (wishes/wish) that he or she had had better
education.
31. Every policeman and fireman _________ (was/ were) on alert.
32. This glass works __________ (was/were) put up in 1990.
33. Neither the magazines nor this book ____________ (is/are) allowed to be taken out of the
reading-room.
Dr. Hendrik, together with his wife and daughters, _________ (is/are) to arrive on the evening flight. Every book except these two _____ (has/ have) been sold. Everybody, men and women, old and young, ______ (enjoys/ enjoy) sports and games. Not only you but also Tom ____ (has/ have) made such a mistake. The surroundings of his house ______ (is/ are) far from clean. One pair of scissors ______ (is/ are) not enough for the work. Lots of rubbish ___ (is/are) thrown away every day. The majority of doctors ______ (believes/ believe) smoking is harmful to health. Thirty-five hundred dollars ______ (was/ were) spent in a single night, which ______ (was/ were) unbelievable. The scientist and professor ___ (is/are) to attend our meeting.
The police ____ (is/are) searching everybody at the gate.
Three fourths of the surface of the lake __________ (is/ are) covered with ice the next morning. Of the new students, sixty percent ______ (is/are) girls. ________ (Is/Are) thirty five minutes enough for you to get there? All that can be done (has/have) been done. Anyway, it is you who _____ (has/have) the right to decide. Jane is the only one of the few girls that _____ (speaks/ speak) Chinese well. Seventy percent of the students here ______ (is/are) from the countryside. Three-fourths of the homework _______ (has/ have) been finished today.
Only one third of the desks in the school ______ (has/have) been repaired. The total number of the population in China ______ (was/were) 1,100 million on April 14, 1989. More than 60 percent of world 's programmes ______ (is/are) in English. Those who ___ (has/have) not handed in their compositions, please hand them in this afternoon. Jane is one of the best students in her class who ___ (is/are) praised by their teacher. The whole class _____ (is/are) listening to teacher attentively. The subject of physics _______ (has/ have) always interested him. The United States of America ___ (is/are) one of the most developed countries in the world. In winter wet clothes _____ (is/are) often hung up near a fire. Nobody ______ (is/are) allowed to smoke in the cinema. The rest of the magazines ______ (was/ were) sold out within half an hour. A large number of the students in our class ______ (is/are) girls. The number of students of this school _______ (is/are) not large.
The League secretary and monitor ______ (was/were) asked to make a speech at the meeting.
Mary as well as her sisters _____ (studies/study) Chinese in China.
I, who ____ (am/is/are) your teacher, will try my best to help you with your study. The rich ___ (is/are) not always happy.
John has two brothers, but either ____ (is/are) out of work now. 34.
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