高中英语人教版必修1unit4单元检测
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．I knew that ________ would ever discourage him; he would never give up wanting to be a director.
A．something B．anything
C．everything D．nothing
2．It is a short trip from Bonn to Cologne，__________important industrial centre on the Rhine since __________19th century.
A．the；/ B．an；the
C．/；the D．an；/
3．—What does the notice say?
—All the storytellers should meet at the same hall ________ won the first three prizes.
A．what B．as
C．who D．which
4．—Alan，__________but look at your shoes.I hope you can wipe them clean before you enter the room.
—Oh，sorry.I didn't realize they are that dirty.
A．I hope you forgive me B．It's none of my business
C．I hate to have to say this D．I love you so much
5．________ deep down in the earth, the dead forests rotted away and became coal.
A．Burying B．Buried
C．To bury D．Having buried
6．—I am going to be a volunteer at the Asian Games to be held in Guangzhou this November.
—________！Me, too.
A．That's it B．Congratulations
C．No problem D．That's great
7．On July 5, violent crimes of beating, looting and burning in Urumqi of XinJiang broke out, __________ 156 innocent people and with more than 1080 __________.
A．killed；injured B．killing；injured
C．killed；injuring D．killing；injuring
8．But for the fact that China__________also affected by the global economic crisis，we __________fewer unemployed workers now.
A．is；would have B．were；would have
C．was；would have had D．were；would have had
9．—We ________ hope you will get a nice result on the National Games.
—Thank you very much.
A．rapidly B．properly
C．gradually D．sincerely
10．_____ in the newspaper, I didn't notice what was happening.
A．Having buried B．Burying
C．Buried D．To be buried
11．Foreign media __________ the government's response to the Sanlu Scandal. There is still hope for Chinese food industry.
A．think well of B．think high of
C．speak ill of D．think badly of
12．That car accident ________ all his life. After that he was limited to a wheelchair.
A．damaged B．destroyed
C．harmed D．ruined
13．The Christmas gifts need to be ready ________ next Friday.
A．by B．of
C．in D．at
14．Last week my wife and I went for a meal in a restaurant，but __________of us remembered to pay for it.It was really embarrassing.
A．both B．neither
C．none D．either
15．_________big fish! Where did you get them?
A．What B．What a
C．How D．How a
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．The storm laid the village ________ ________.暴风雨使这个村子成了一片废墟。
2．________________ no one for her to turn to when she is in trouble.当她遇到困难时，好像没有人可以求助。
3．He ________ ________ the room without ________ the door.他没敲门就闯进房间。
4．He ________________ study, preparing for the exam.他埋头学习准备考试。
5．I ________________ the birth of your daughter.
我祝贺你喜得千金。
Ⅲ.阅读理解
(2011·陕西宝鸡质检一)After graduation I returned home to my small town in Indiana. I didn't have a job yet. Mr. Hobbs, a friend of my father's, owned a small shirt factory in town. Within the past five years it had grown from twenty to eighty workers. Mr. Hobbs was worried that his plant was getting too big and inefficient, so he
asked me to come in on a short-term basis as a consultant.
I went to the plant and spent about a week looking around and making notes. I was really a mazed at what I saw.
Most curious of all, there was no quality control at all. No one inspected the final product of the factory. As a result some of the shirts that were put in boxes for shipment were missing one or two buttons, the collar, and even a sleeve sometimes!
The working conditions were poor. The tables where the workers sat were very high and uncomfortable. Except for a half hour at lunchtime, there were no breaks in the day to relieve the boring work. There was no music. The walls of the workrooms were a dull gray color. I was amazed that the workers hadn't gone on strike.
Furthermore, the work flow was irregular. There was one especially absent-minded young man in the assembly (组装)line who sewed on buttons. After a while I recognized him as“Big Jim”，who used to sit behind me in math class in high school. He was very slow and all the shifts were held up at his position. Workers beyond him in line on his shift had to wait with nothing to do; therefore, a great deal of time and efficiency were lost as Big Jim daydreamed while he worked. All week I wondered why he wasn't fired.
After I made observations for a week, Mr. Hobbs asked me for an oral report of my findings.
1．The shirts from Mr. Hobbs' factory can be described as ________.
A．of low quality B．of high quality
C．fashionable D．unfashionable
2．Why did Mr. Hobbs ask the writer to the factory?
A．The factory was too big.
B．The factory was not producing fast enough.
C．The factory was not big enough.
D．The writer was a college graduate.
3．Which is not likely to happen in the factory?
A．The workers will have more rest in the day.
B．Someone will examine the final product.
C．New machines will be bought.
D．The factory will be repainted.
4．Big Jim may get fired mainly because ________.
A．he was slow B．he wasted much time
Ⅳ.七选五阅读理解
Easy Ways to Keep Y our Brain Sharp
Everyone is forgetful, but as we age, we start to feel like our brains are slowing down a bit－and that can be a very annoying thing.___1___ Read on for some techniques worth trying.
1．___2___
People who regularly made plans and looked forward to upcoming events had a 50 percent reduced chance of
Alzheimer's disease (早老性疾呆症), according to a recent study. ___3___ Something as simple as setting a goal to have a weekly coffee date with a friend will do. There's evidence that people who have a purpose in life or who are working on long or short-term goals appear to do better. In other words, keep your brain looking forward.
2．Go for a walk.
Mildly raised glucose (葡萄糖) levels can harm the area of the brain that helps you form memories and physical activity can help get blood glucose down to normal levels. In fact, exercise produces chemicals that are good for your brain.___4___
3．Learn something new.
Take a Spanish class online, join a drawing club, or learn to play cards. A study found that mental stimulation (刺激)limits the weakening effects of aging on memory and the mind. But the best thing for your brain is when you learn something new and are physically active at the same time. ___5___ Or go dancing with your friends.
A．Focus on the future.
B．This can be especially harmful to the aged.
C．It should be something like learning gardening.
D．So take a few minutes each day to do some reading.
E．But don't worry if your schedule isn't filled with life-changing events.
F．Luckily, research shows there is a lot you can do to avoid those moments.
G．In other words, when you take care of your body, you take care of your brain.
Ⅴ.短文改错
Dear Tom，
I'm glad to receive your letter ask for my advice on how to learn Chinese well. Here is a few suggestions.
First, it was important to take a Chinese course, as you'll be able to study from the teachers and practise with your fellow students. Then, you'd better watch the TV and read books, newspaper and magazines in Chinese.
Besides, it is a good idea to listen Chinese songs, because by doing so you'll learn and remember Chinese words more easy. You can make much Chinese friends. They will tell you a lot about China and help you learn Chinese.
Try and write to me with Chinese next time.
Yours，
Liu Wei 答案
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．[解析]something“(未明的)某事”；anything“无论什么事”；everything“每一件事”；nothing“没什么事”。句意：我知道没有什么事情可以使他气馁。他将决不会放弃成为一名导演的梦想。故选D项。
[答案] D
2．[解析]第一个空填an，说明Cologne是一个重要的工业基地；19世纪前要加定冠词。
[答案] B
3．[解析]根据句法，这是个分隔式定语从句，从句“________won the first three prizes”缺少主语，先行词all the storytellers 指人，所以用关系代词who或that，且不能省略。
[答案] C
4．[解析]“有件事我不愿讲，但……”根据句意要选C。
[答案] C
5．[解析]过去分词短语作状语。
[答案] B
6．[解析]根据对话中的Me, too可知，答话人与对方的看法一致，认为对方的想法很好。
[答案] D
7．[解析]第一空用现在分词表结果状语；第二空为“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构。
[答案] B
8．([解析]句意：要是中国也受全球经济危机的影响的话，我们现在也会少雇佣一些工人。这是一个隐含的虚拟语气，用的是But for表示虚拟的条件。类似的还有without，otherwise等。
[答案] A
9．[解析]We sincerely hope that...我们真诚地希望……。
[答案] D
10．[解析]过去分词作状语。
[答案] C
11．[解析]句意：国外媒体高度评价中国政府针对三鹿奶粉事件所作出的反应。中国食品工业还是有希望的。think well of评价很好；think high of应改为think highly of对……评价很高；speak ill of说……的坏话；think badly of认为……很糟糕。依句意选A。
[答案] A
12．[答案] D
13．[解析]by表示“在……之前，不迟于……”。句意：圣诞礼物需要在下周五之前准备好。
[答案] A
14．[解析]句意：上周我和妻子去饭馆吃饭，但是我们俩都忘记付款了。那个情景真令人尴尬。全段文字中只出现了两个人，而且是两者都否定(没有一个想到出钱的)。
[答案] B
15．[解析]fish 用作可数名词时，它的单数与复数同形。但问题是，下文中有个them，这说明前面的fish 是复数而不是单数。
[答案] A
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．[答案]in ruins
2．[答案]There seems to be
3．[答案]burst into; knocking at
4．[答案]buried himself in
5．[答案]congratulate you on
Ⅲ.阅读理解
1．[解析]细节理解题。第三段说由于最后的产品无人检查，结果有些装在箱子里要运送的衬衫缺纽扣、领子、甚至缺袖子，由此可知，霍布斯先生的工厂生产的衬衫质量很差。
[答案] A
2．[解析]细节理解题。由第一段的最后一句可知，作者被请到工厂去的原因是工厂的效率很低，也就是生产不够快。
[答案] B
3．[解析]推理判断题。文中没有提到缺乏机器的事，所以买机器的事不可能发生。根据第四段的信息“除了半小时的午饭时间，白天再没有放松的时间”可知A项的事项可能会发生；根据第三段的第二句“无人检查最后的产品”可知B项的事情可能会发生；根据第四段的倒数第二句可知D项的事情可能会发生。
[答案] C
4．[解析]推理判断题。虽然四个选项在第五段都被提到过，但A、B、D三项都是因为C项引起的，所以C项是大个子吉姆可能会被解雇的主要原因。
[答案] C
Ⅳ.七选五阅读理解
[答案]1－5.FAEGC
Ⅴ.短文改错
[答案]Dear Tom，
I'm glad to receive your letter
ask
asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese well. Here
is
are a few
suggestions.
First, it was
is important to take a Chinese course, as you'll be able to
study
learn from the teachers and practise
with your fellow students. Then, you'd better watch TV and read books, newspaper
newspapers and magazines in
Chinese.
Besides, it is a good idea to listen ∧
to Chinese songs, because by doing so you'll learn and remember Chinese
words more
easy
easily. You can make
much
more/many Chinese friends. They will tell you a lot about China and help
you learn Chinese.
Try and write to me with
in Chinese next time.
Yours，
Liu Wei
高一英语必修一知识点最新归纳5篇 高中阶段学习难度、强度、容量加大，学习负担及压力明显加重，不能再依赖初中时期老师“填鸭式”的授课，“看管式”的自习，“命令式”的作业，要逐步培养自己主动获取知识、高一英语必修一知识点总结1 各种时态的被动语态 被动语态概述 被动语态的概念：它是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的执行或被执行关系。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，例如：They saw the little boy crying by the river. 被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者，例如：The little boy was seen crying by the river. 被动语态的构成 被动语态的形式是由“助动词be+动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态等的不同而变化。几种常见时态的被动语态形式如下：
1. 一般现在时am/is/are + 过去分词 例如：Rice is planted in the south of China. 2. 一般过去时was/were + 过去分词 例如：These trees were planted the year before last. 3. 一般将来时will/shall + be + 过去分词 例如：A sports meeting will be held next week in our school. 4. 现在进行时am/is/are + being + 过去分词 例如：Your radio is being repaired now. 5. 过去进行时was/were + being + 过去分词 When he got there, the problem was being discussed. 6. 现在完成时have/has + been + 过去分词 His work has been finished. Has his work been finished? Yes, it has. / No, it hasn’t. 7. 过去完成时had + been + 过去分词 注意： 1.除了be之外的其它系动词如get, stay等也可以和过去分词构成被动语态。例如：Their qu estions haven’t got answered.
牛津7A Unit 4 单元测试（一） 听力部分(20分) 一、选出你没听到的词语。（听一遍，5分） ( )1.A.hamburgers B.hungry C.hotpot D.hate ( )2.A.need B.never C.noodles D.knife ( )3.A.energy B.exercise C.also D.always ( )4.A.story B.salt C.shelf D.seldom ( )5.A.any more B.ice cream C.dried fish D.lemon juice 二、听句子选出最佳答语。（听两遍，5分） ( )1.A.I like swimming. B.I like rice and meat. C.No,I don't. D.Yes,I am. ( )2.A.A glass of water. B.An orange. C.Yes,please. D.No,thank you. ( )3.A.Oh,I know that one. B.It's a pleasure. C.I know. D.OK,let's go. ( )4.A.No. B.That's all right. C.You're welcome. D.That's OK. ( )5.A.Twice a week. B.8 hours. C.At five. D.Dancing.三、听对话，判断正误，正确的写T，错误的写F。（听两遍，5分） ( )1.The dialogue is between a man and a woman. ( )2.The man and the woman are both hungry. ( )3.They want to get a snack. ( )4.The man wants a hotdog and an ice-cream. ( )5.The woman wants an ice-cream only. 笔试部分(80分) 一、英汉词组互译。（10分） 1.fit and healthy 2.a kind of food 3.take in 4.black tea 5.taste sour 6.一天许多次 7.两块面包8.改变我的饮食和生活方式 9.一个健康的人10.对……有益 二、根据句意和首字母提示完成下列句子。（10分） 1.Sweet snacks can give us e ,but they are not good for us. 2.Kitty didn't have break fast this morning, so she is h now. 3.Sandy doesn't like badminton, so she s plays badminton.
高中英语必修一单元测试卷 I. 单词拼写（共5题，计5分） 1.Keeping a healthy ________ (饮食) is quite important. 2.After ___________(毕业) from university, Ning Jin plans to go to the countryside to work as a teacher. 3.You shouldn’t use formal words in _p_______ letters to friends. 4._________ (广告) usually attempt to attract people’s attention. 5.I often play games with my family to _r________ my stress. II. 完形填空（共20小题，计30分） Telling the truth is a very good habit. If you 36 speak the truth, you can save yourself from a lot of 37 ! Here is a story of a man who did a lot of 38 things, but his promise to tell the truth _ 39_ him. Once a man came to a prophet（预言家）and said, “Oh, prophet, I have many bad 40 . Which one of them should I 41 first？”The prophet said,“Give up tellin g 42 first and always speak the truth. ”The man promised to do so and went home. At night the man was about to go out to steal. Before setting out , he thought for a moment about the 43 he made with the prophet. “44 tomorrow the prophet asks me where I have been, what shall I say？Shall I say that I went out 45？No, I cannot say that. But nor can I lie. If I tell the truth, 46 will start hating me and call me a thief. I would be 47 for stealing.” So the man 48 not to steal that night, and gave up this bad habit. Next day, he 49 drinking wine. When he was about to do so, he said to himself, “What shall I say to the prophet if he asks me what I did during the day？I cannot tell a lie, and if I speak the truth people will 50 me, because a Muslim is not 51 to drink wine.” And so he gave up the 52 of drinking wine. In this way, 53 the man thought of doing something bad, he 54 his promise to tell the truth. One by one, he gave up all his bad habits and became a very 55 person. 36. A. always B. hardly C. sometimes D. never 37. A. time B. money C. trouble D. energy 38. A . great B. bad C. strange D. stupid 39. A. educated B. bothered C. tested D. saved 40. A. habits B. friends C. purposes D. collections 41. A. take in B. bring back C. give up D. depend on 42. A. stories B. truths C. reasons D. lies 43. A. plan B. secret C. promise D. mistake 44. A. Because B. Unless C. Since D. If 45. A. stealing B. drinking C. walking D. dancing 46. A. none B. someone C. anyone D. everyone 47. A. controlled B. admired C. punished D. killed 48. A. refused B. tried C. decided D. agreed 49. A. talked about B. felt like C. adapted to(适应) D. broke down 50. A. understand B. like C. hate D. respect
人教版高一英语必修一第四单元Earthquake重点词组及练习 1.burst into +n =burst out doing 突然·····起来burst into tears =burst out crying 2.as is known to everybody总所周知 3.be injured 受伤 4.cut across穿过横穿 5.as usual像往常一样 6.give out散发出精疲力竭 7.instead of 代替 8.give a speech演讲9.put up shelters搭建避难 10.be pleased to do sth.乐意做某事11.be proud of 以·····而自豪 12.the number of ·····的数量13.in the open air 在户外 14.right away立刻15.in ruins破败不堪成废墟 16.dig out掘出17.at an end 终结 18.a number of 许多大量的19.too····· to·····太·····而不能 20.tens of thousands of 成千上万的 21.be trapped in =be caught in 被困在·····中 22.all ····· not····· = not all·····并非所有·····都 23.to the north of =north of 在·····的北面24.be rescued from 被从·····解救出 25.be buried 被埋葬被埋藏26.bury oneself in =be buried in 专心于，埋头于 27.think little of 评价不高think highly of 赞许给予较高评价 28.as if 仿佛29. be/ get shocked 震惊30.at an end 终结 1、In the city, the water pipes in some buildings crashed and burst. 城市里，一些大楼里的水管爆裂。 burst爆裂,突发 用法归纳： I felt as if my heart would burst with joy. 我觉得自己高兴得心花怒放。 The police burst through the door. 警察破门而入。 There was a burst of laughter in the next room. 隔壁房间里突然爆发出一阵笑声。 联想扩展： (1) burst in on…突然打断 He burst in on our conversation. 他突然打断了我们的谈话。 (2) burst into +n.突然… The speaker burst into angry speech. 演讲者突然讲粗话。 (3) burst out + doing突然… The woman burst out crying like a child. 那个妇女突然像小孩一样哭了。 2. Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake. 地震中，有三分之二的人死亡或受伤。injury n. 伤害 易混辨析： injure ; hurt; wound; harm 伤害
精心整理U1 addsth.up把……加起来 addsth.tosth.把……加到/进……里 addupto加起来共计/达(不用于被动语态) Concerningsth=Regardingsth关于，某事 gothroughahardtime经历了一段困难时期 gothroughthebaggage检查行李 gothroughthenewspaper浏览报纸 gothroughlotsofmoney花了很多钱
setdowntheideasonpaper把想法写在纸上setmedownatthebus-stop在车站让我下车aseriesof onpurpose=bydesign故意 byaccident=bychance偶然，碰巧 sufferfrom因……而痛苦,患……病sufferfromloneliness因孤独而痛苦sufferfromabadcold得了重感冒 遭受,蒙受(痛苦、饥饿、寒冷、损失等) sufferaheavyloss遭受严重损失
sufferpain/hunger/cold/death遭受痛苦;饥饿;寒冷;死亡 sufferern.受苦者 sufferingn.痛苦,苦难 recoverfromillness betiredof(doing)sth厌烦做某事 betiredfrom(doing)sth因做某事很累 Tellhimthatheshouldhavestudied.本该做却没做Doyouwantafriendwhomyoucouldtelleverythingto,likeyourdeepestfeelingsandthoug hts?定语从句 HerfamilywasJewishsonearlytwenty-fivemonthsbeforetheywerediscovered. abouteverythingtodowithnature.不定式作后置定语
八上Unit4 What’s the best movie theater ? 一.根据首字母提示补全单词。（10x1=10） 1. We all know that Liu Qian is a great m . 2. We Chinese usually have 3 m a day,breakfast,lunch and supper. 3. --Who do you think is the best p_________？ --MeiLanfang, I think. 4. People in big cities often go to the countryside ,beacause the air there is f . 5. Relaxing on the beach makes me feel very c . 6. My home is very c to our school,so I often walk to school. 7.Now we look at the s in class instead of (而不是）the blackboard. 8.The food in the the restaurant is good and the s here is better,so many people come here. 9.Here are 3 movie theaters ,I don't know which one to c . 10.Now our country gives money to those p students to help them. 二.用所给词的适当形式填空。（15X1=15) 1.My father is much _________ than my mother.（busy） 2.He is the ________ in our class.（outgoing） 3.Jeans Corner is a ________ (good) store. It sells _________ (good) clothes in town . 4. Kitty has the _________ (little) milk of the three. 5. Liu Bing runs __________ of all.（fast） 6.Who do you think is (boring), Tim or Tom? 7. He is as _________ (friend) to us as his sister. 8. Tom is ____________ (tall) of the two. 9.Which one is ________of all the problems? (easy) 10.This radio is not so ________ as that one. (cheap) 11.It’s always interesting (watch) people (show) their talents. 12.She is good at (show) her talent. 13.However,not everybody enjoys (watch) these shows. 14.The people who watch the show usually play a role in (decide) the winner. 15. Which city is _________ (beautiful)，Beijing，Shanghai or Hangzhou? 三.单项选择（25X1=25） ( )1. This bread is too small. Do you have _____? A. a bigger piece B. a bigger one C. a big bread D.a big one ( )2.The girl sings . A.beautiful,beautiful B.beautifully,beautifully C.beautiful,beautifully D.beautiffully,beautiful ( )3.—is it from your home? —10 minutes by bus. A.How long B.How far C.What time D.When ( )4.China is one of in the world. https://www.doczj.com/doc/ea14151103.html,rger country https://www.doczj.com/doc/ea14151103.html,rger countries C.the largest countries https://www.doczj.com/doc/ea14151103.html,rgest country ( )5. Last week's talent show was a great _____. A.sucess B. success C. succeed D.successfully ( )6. You are _____ now,Victor.So you should wash your clothes by yourself. A.young enough B. enough old C. old enough D. enough young ( )7. There's going to _____ a basketball game tomorrow.
必修一 UNIT1 _____________ n. 调查；测验_____________ 合计 _____________adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的_____________vt.使不安；使心烦。 _____________不理睬，忽视_____________（使）平静下来；（使）镇静下来 _____________vt.vi（使）平静；（使）镇定adj.平静的；镇静的；沉着的 _____________不得不；必须_____________（使）担忧；涉及；关系 _____________关心；挂念_____________松的；松开的 ______________经历；经受_____________记下；放下；登记 _____________一连串的；一系列；一套_____________在户外；在野外 _____________ vt迷住；迷惑_____________故意 _____________为了…_____________在黄昏时刻 _____________整个的；完全的；全部的_____________完全地；全然地；整个地 _____________ n.能力；力量；权力_____________面对面地 _____________积满灰尘的_____________ 不再 ____________ n.伙伴；合作者；合伙人_____________安家；定居；停留；安排；解决 _____________遭受；忍受；经历_____________遭受；患病 _____________孤单；寂寞_____________痊愈；恢复；重新获得 _____________对…厌烦_____________将（东西）装箱打包 _____________ n.手提箱；衣箱_____________ n.十几岁的青少年 _____________与…相处；发展_____________ n.闲话；闲谈 _____________相爱爱上_____________确实如此；正式；确切地 _____________ vi不同意_____________感激的；表示谢意的 _____________不喜欢；厌恶_____________参加；加入 _____________n.揭示；技巧；尖；尖端；消费vt. 倾斜；翻到 _____________交换_____________ n.项目；条款 UNIT2 _____________官方的；正式的；公务的_____________征服；占领 _____________因为；由于_____________adj.本国的；本地的；n本地人；本国人 _____________走近；上来；提出_____________实际上；事实上 _____________以…为根据；n 基部；基地；基础_____________现在；目前 _____________逐渐的；逐步的_____________逐渐地；逐步地 _____________使富裕；充实；改善_____________词汇；词汇量；词表 _____________利用；使用_____________拼写；拼法 _____________较后的；后半的；（两者中）后者的_____________本身；本体；身份 _____________流利的；流畅的_____________流利地；流畅地 _____________例如……；想这种_____________频繁的；常见的 _____________常常；频繁地_____________使用；用法；词语惯用法 _____________命令；指令；掌握_____________请求；要求 _____________词语；表达；表示_____________扮演一个角色；参与 _____________辨认出；承认；公认_____________直接；挺直；笔直的，正直的 _____________街区；块；木块；石块 unit3 _____________日记；杂志．定期刊物_____________运送．运输 _____________更喜欢;选择某事物(而不选择其他事物) ____________不利条件；不便之处 _____________费用_____________路线．路途 _____________流动．流出n 流动．流量____________从那以后 _____________说服．劝说_____________毕业n 大学毕业生 _____________最后．终于_____________时间表；进度表；制度表；v为某事安排时间_____________心喜爱的．慈爱的；宠爱的_____________喜爱；喜欢 _____________缺点_____________顽固的；固执的 _____________组织，成立_____________关心；忧虑； _____________细节；详情_____________来源；水源
第四章细胞的物质输入和输出 第一节物质跨膜运输的实例 一、渗透作用 （1）渗透作用：指水分子（或其他溶剂分子）通过半透膜的扩散。 （2）发生渗透作用的条件： 一是具有半透膜，二是半透膜两侧具有浓度差。 二、细胞的吸水和失水（原理：渗透作用） 1、动物细胞的吸水和失水 外界溶液浓度<细胞质浓度时,细胞吸水膨胀 外界溶液浓度>细胞质浓度时,细胞失水皱缩 外界溶液浓度=细胞质浓度时,水分进出细胞处于动态平衡 2、植物细胞的吸水和失水 细胞内的液体环境主要指的是液泡里面的细胞液。 原生质层：细胞膜和液泡膜以及两层膜之间的细胞质 外界溶液浓度>细胞液浓度时,细胞质壁分离 外界溶液浓度<细胞液浓度时,细胞质壁分离复原 外界溶液浓度=细胞液浓度时就，水分进出细胞处于动态平衡 3、质壁分离产生的条件： （1）具有大液泡（2）具有细胞壁(3) 活细胞 4、质壁分离产生的原因： 内因：原生质层伸缩性大于细胞壁伸缩性 外因：外界溶液浓度>细胞液浓度 5、植物吸水方式有两种： （1）吸胀作用（未形成液泡）如：干种子、根尖分生区（了解） （2）渗透作用(形成液泡的) 二、比较几组概念 扩散：物质从高浓度到低浓度的运动叫做扩散（扩散与过膜与否无关）（如：O2从浓度高的地方向浓度低的地方运动） 渗透：水分子或其他溶剂分子通过半透膜的扩散又称为渗透 （如：细胞的吸水和失水，原生质层相当于半透膜）
半透膜：物质的透过与否取决于半透膜孔隙直径的大小 （如：动物膀胱、玻璃纸、肠衣、鸡蛋的卵壳膜等） 选择透过性膜：细胞膜上具有载体，且不同生物的细胞膜上载体种类和数量不 同，构成了对不同物质吸收与否和吸收多少的选择性。 （如：细胞膜等各种生物膜） 第二节生物膜的流动镶嵌模型 一、探索历程（略，见P65-67）、细胞融合实验 二、流动镶嵌模型的基本内容 ▲磷脂双分子层构成了膜的基本支架 ▲蛋白质分子有的镶嵌在磷脂双分子层表面，有的部分或全部嵌入磷脂双分子层中，有的横跨整个磷脂双分子层 ▲磷脂双分子层和大多数蛋白质分子可以运动 三、糖蛋白（糖被）组成：由细胞膜上的蛋白质与糖类结合形成。 作用：细胞识别、免疫反应、血型鉴定、保护润滑等。 第三节物质跨膜运输的方式 一、被动运输：物质进出细胞，顺浓度梯度的扩散，称为被动运输。 (1)自由扩散：物质通过简单的扩散作用进出细胞 (2)协助扩散：进出细胞的物质借助载体蛋白的扩散 二、主动运输：从低浓度一侧运输到高浓度一侧，需要载体蛋白的协助，同时还需要消耗细胞内化学反应所释放的能量，这种方式叫做主动运输。 四、大分子物质进出细胞的方式：胞吞、胞吐。（如分泌蛋白的形成） 利用原理：膜的流动性 两种方式都需要能量，但不需要跨膜，通过囊泡的形式运输。 五、影响几种跨膜运输方式的条件 1、自由扩散：内外浓度差 2、协助扩散：内外浓度差、载体数量 3、主动运势：载体数量、A TP量
高中英语人教版必修一知识点总结 Unit 1 Friendship Unit 2 English around the world Unit 3 Tracel journal Unit 4 Earthquakes Unit 5 Nelson Mandela - a modern hero 第一单元 1）add vt/vi加；添加；增添 add up合计加起来，但在口语中有时用于否定句，表示“莫名其妙，不说明问题”。add up to 总计共达，所有一切都说明，总而言之。 add sth（to sth）把……加到……里去。 add to 增加，扩建。 add 表示“继续说，补充说”。 区别add和increase add意思是“加，增加”，强调添加。或者表示将数字加起来求和。 increase“增加”，表示在数量，产量，尺寸，程度等方面的增加。 2）cheat v 欺骗；作弊n 骗子；作弊者；骗人的事 cheat sb of sth cheat sth out of sb 从某人处欺诈某物 cheat on/at/in 作弊，欺诈 3)list v 将事物列于表上；编事物的目录n 名单；目录；一览表 make a list of 造表，列……表 take…off the list 从表上去掉…… stand first on the list 居首位，列前茅 as listed above 如上所列 3）share share in 分享，分担，共用 share sth with sb 和某人共用/共享某事物 share out 分配，分发；得到股息，升股息 share（n.）in/of 一分，部分 4）trust vi/vt 信任，信赖；依赖 trust in 相信，信任，信仰 trust to 依靠（运气等），依赖 trust that… 希望，想 5）suffer vt/vi 遭受，受到，蒙受；受痛苦，受折磨，受惩罚，受损伤 suffer from 受……伤害；患……病痛 注意：suffer 和suffer from 都不能用于被动语态 6）calm vt/vi/adj. 使平静；使镇定。平静的，镇静的，沉着的。 calm down 平静下来，镇定下来 quite指人对外界事物感触的安静。对人时，侧重不激动，平静温和，不发表意见。still指完全没有声音或者没有动静，突然静止不动。 silent主要指人不爱说话，沉默不语。 7）concern
Unit 4单元过关检测 （满分：100分；时间：60分钟） Ⅰ. 单项选择。（15分） （）1. When you are late for class, your teacher often says, “____.” A. Don’t run in the hallways. B. You are not right. C. Don’t arrive late for class again D. You are right. （）2. --- Do you have to wear your sports shoes at school? --- ____ . A. Yes, I have B. No, I haven’t C. Yes, I don’t D. No, I don’t （）3. Linda often helps me ______ English. A. studied B. to study C. studying D. studies （）4. There are no buses, so they ___ walk home. A. have to B. has to C. had to D. can have to （）5. ____ eat in class. A. Please B. Please not C. Not D. Don’t （）6. We can eat in the dining hall. But we ___ eat in the classroom. A. don’t B. didn’t C. can’t D. aren’t （）7. He does his homework before going to bed school nights. A. for B. in C. at D. on （）8. ---_____ I take some photos in the hall? ---No, you______. A. Can, needn’t B. Must, mustn’t C. Could, won’t D. May, mustn’t （）9. Don’t forget________ me this evening. A. to call B. call C. calls D. calling （）10. Don’t eat in class don’t leave your seats in class. A. or B. and C. but D. so （）11. I have __ rules in my home. We have ___ homework to do today. A. too many, too much B. too much, many too C. too many, much too D. much too, many too （）12. ---Can your brother swim? ---________. A. Yes, he can’t B. Yes, please C. No, he can’t D. Yes, he does （）13. He’s never ________ class. A. arrive B. late for C. arrive late D. late （）14. The teacher is very strict his students. A. for B. in C. with D. to （）15.“No______!” says the sign. A. smoke B. smoking C. smokes D. to smoke Ⅱ. 完形填空。（10分） Many students like 1 very much. But 2 Monday to Friday，they must go to school. So on Saturday and Sunday they 3 at home and watch TV f rom morning to night. They don’t know it’s bad for their eyes. Usually children like to eat fish, meat and chicken. But they don’t like vegetables 4 fruit. They don’t know 5 more vegetables and fruit is 6 than eating meat. At school the children only do a few minutes of sports or 7 do any sports. The teachers must know it isn’t good for 8 health. We always think of ways to keep 9 .We must eat 10 vegetables
高中英语必修一单词测试卷一、单词汉译英 1. 调查;测验 2.不理睬;忽视 3.（使）担心;涉及;关系到 4.黄昏傍晚 5.打雷雷鸣 6.整个的;完全的 7.窗帘;门帘;幕布 8.伙伴．合作者．合伙人 9.捆扎；包装打行李 10.确实如此;正是;确切地 11.项目;条款 12.电梯;升降机 13.航行;航海 14.公寓住宅;单元住宅 15.逐渐的;逐步的 16.词汇;词汇量;词表 17.较后的；（两者中）后者的 18.频繁的;常见的 19.请求;要求 20.词语;表达 21..西北方的;来自西北方的 22.口音;腔调;重音 23.流动;流出n.流动;流量 24.顽固的;固执的 25.坚决的;有决心的26.海拔高度;高处 27.冰河;冰川 28.保险 29.可信赖的;可靠的 30.在…下面 31.民族;国家国民 32.苦难;痛苦 33.极度的 34.幸存者;生还者;残存物 35.（使）震惊;震动n.休克;打击 36.电，电流;电学 37.掩蔽;掩蔽处避身处 38.真诚地;真挚地 39..骑自行车的人 40.慷慨的大方的 41.忠实的;深爱的 42.法则;原则;原理 43.律师 44.同盟;联盟;联合会 45.暴力;暴行 46.乐意的;自愿的 47.恐怖;可怕的人 48.报酬;奖金vt.酬劳;奖赏 49.辨认出;承认;公认 50.意见;看法;主张 二、单词英译汉 1.upset 2.spellbind 3.power 4.settle 5.loneliness 6.recover 7.gossip 8.grateful 9.petrol 10.official 11.conquer 12.native 13.enrich 14.fluently 15.dialect 16.straight 17.block 18.journal
与碱溶液反应Cl2 + 2NaOH = NaCl + NaClO + H2O 2Cl2 + 2Ca(OH)2 = CaCl2 + Ca(ClO)2 + 2H2O 与盐溶液反应Cl2 + Na2SO3 + H2O = 2HCl + Na2SO4Cl2 + 2KI = I2 + 2KCl 实验室制取原理MnO2 + 4HCl(浓) △MnCl2 + Cl2↑+2H2O 2KMnO4 + 16HCl = 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2↑+ 8H2O NaCl O + 2HCl = NaCl + Cl2↑+ H2O ( 离子方程式: Cl O-+ 2H+ + Cl- = Cl2↑+ H2O ) 2.新制氯水成分分子:H２ＯＨClO Cl2 离子:H+Ｃｌ-CｌO-OＨ- 久置氯水成分分子：H2O离子：H+Cl-OH- ３.实验室如何制取纯净的氯气制取原理：MnO2 + 4HCｌ(浓) △MnCl２+ Cｌ2↑+2Ｈ2O 气体成分：Cｌ２（ＨCｌ、H2O）操作顺序仪器中盛装的药品各试剂的作用应出现的现象 ①先通入饱和食盐水除去HC l有晶体析出（NaCl） ②再通入浓H2SO4除去H2O 4.漂白粉 ①制法:2Cl２+ 2Cａ(ＯH)2= CaCl２＋Ca(ＣlO)2+2H2O ②有效成分:Cａ(CｌO)2 成分:ＣaCｌ２和Ｃａ（ClＯ)2 ③漂白原理：Ca(ClO)2 +CO2 +H2O = CaＣO３↓+ 2HClＯ（在溶液中) 漂白慢Ca(CｌO)2 + 2HCｌ＝CａCl2 + 2ＨＣlO漂白快 ④久置失效发生的反应：Ca（CｌO)2＋CO2 + H２O ＝ＣaCO3＋2HClO２HClO 错误!2ＨCｌ+O2↑ 5．Br2、Ｉ2在不同溶剂中的颜色 水苯或汽油四氯化碳 Br2黄～橙橙～橙红橙～橙红 I2深黄～褐淡紫～紫红紫～深紫 6.置换反应Ｃl2 ＋2NａBr = Br2+ 2NaCl Br2 ＋２KＩ＝I2+2ＫBr∴氧化性Cｌ2>Br2 ＞I2 7．I２遇淀粉溶液后，溶液呈蓝色 I－错误!I２ 三.氮 1.氮的氧化物 NO: 无色气体、有毒(同CＯ）、难溶与水2NO＋O2 = 2NＯ2 NＯ2:红棕色气体、有毒、与水反应3NＯ2 +2H2Ｏ= 2ＨＮO3 +NO 2．有关NO与Ｏ２或NＯ2与O２混合通入水中,液面上升一定高度时用的方程式 ４NＯ2 + O２＋2H2O= ４HＮＯ３4NO＋3Ｏ2 +２Ｈ2O = 4HNO3 3.硝酸 物理性质无色液体、有刺激性气味、能以任意比溶于水 化学性质 酸的通性 强 氧 化 性 与金属氧化物3FeO + 10HNO3 = 3Fe(NO3)3 + NO↑+ 5H2O 与金属 3Cu + 8HNO3(稀) = 3Cu(NO3)2 +2NO↑+ 4H2O Cu + 4HNO3(浓) = Cu(NO3)2 +2NO2↑+ 2H2O 与非金属 C + 4HNO3(浓) △CO2↑+ 4NO2↑+ 2H2O 不稳定性4HNO3 光照 或加热 4NO2↑+ O2↑+ H2O ４.氨( ＮH3） 物理性质无色气体、有刺激性气味、密度小于空气、1:700溶于水 化学与H2O NH3 + H2O NH3·H2O NH4++ OH-与酸NH3 + HCl = NH4Cl
Module 1 My First Day at Senior High 1 How’s it going? = How is everything recently? 2 cover：包含，包括●be covered with 被……覆盖 3 at the end of …在……结束的时候Eg : Class 5 is at the end of the corridor. ●in the end = at last 最后，终于（一般时态）Eg: I am sure I will win in the end. ●by the end of …到……为止(后用完成时态) Eg :①By the end of this term, we will have learnt two English books. ②By the end of last year, we had finished our task. ●end up with 以……告终 4 receive 客观上收到; accept 主观上收到Eg :I received his invitation but did not accept it. 5 divide：划分，把整体分为若干部分Eg :The world is divide into five continents. ※比较separate：分隔，把原来连在一起或靠近的分隔开来 6 表参加活动的短语： take part in + 活动join the party join in the game attend + the meeting 7. The teachers are very enthusiastic and friendly and the classrooms are amazing. 表示“吃惊”的几个单词： ◆surprise指“由于出乎意料而感到惊异或诧异”。Eg: His coming surprised me. ◆astonish指“由于出乎意料而又不能理解而感到吃惊”，语意较强。 Eg: I was astonished to see he got up so early. ◆amaze指“由于认为似乎不可能或极少可能发生的事的出现而感到大为诧异、迷惑不解”， 语意较强。Eg :I was amazed at his confidence. 8. Every room has a computer with a special screen, almost as big as a cinema screen. as … as…表示“和……一样……”。Eg: My book is as interesting as yours. 9. The teacher is a very enthusiastic woman called Mr. Shen. called Ms Shen在此作定语。 10. We’re using a new textbook and Ms Shen’s method of teaching is nothing like that of the teachers at my Junior High school. (1) 表示“方法、办法”的几个单词： ◆method作可数名词，指（系统的、逻辑的）方法、办法。后面常接of + 动名词，不接不定 式）；作不可数名词，指秩序，条理，规律。 Eg :①He is a man of having accurate and strict methods. ②We must get some method into our office filling. ◆way为可数名词，后接不定式或of + 动名词。 Eg :①We must find a way to solve this kind of problem. ②The normal way of carrying out such a kind plan is very difficult. ◆means单复数形式相同，其前有a, one, this, that, every等有时表单数意义，其前有such, these, those, all等有时表复数意义，其多指抽象或概括性的含义，后可接不定式，也可接of + 动名词/名词。Eg: There is no means of finding out what happened. (2) nothing like + n./pron. ◆完全不像，一点也不像Eg :She’s nothing like her mother. ◆没有什么能赶得上Eg :There’s nothing like a holiday to make one feel rested. 11. I don’t think I will be bored in Ms Shen’s class! Think表示意见和看法，其后的宾语从句中的否定词not被移到主句中，该现象被称为“否定转移”。类似的动词还有：expect, believe, suppose, imagine等。 Eg :①I don’t suppose that she will be back until night.