Formal Laboratory Report
Group: Mechanical Properties of Materials Date of experiment:
Abstract
For this experiment, the mechanical strength properties of metals, ceramics and polymers are tested by obtaining their tensile strength (the maximum strength they have before they fracture), modulus (stiffness during elastic deformation) and the elongation to failure. Their response characteristics are noted.
Based on the response outputs obtained from the Material Stress Vs Behaviour Curve and the test report generated by the software, values of the tensile strength, modulus and elongation are obtained.
The materials’ responses, strength and ductility are investig ated using their structures and microstructures and used to make comparisons with theory.
Table of Content
1) Objectives & Introduction (4)
2) Theory (5)
3) Equipment (7)
4) Procedure (8)
5) Results (17)
6) Solutions to logsheet questions (19)
7) Discussion (21)
8) Conclusion (22)
9) References (23)
Objectives and Introduction
Objectives
(a) To understand the different mechanical properties of materials.
(b) To learn how different materials are tested in different ways to obtain their mechanical strength properties.
This experiment introduces the study of how different types of materials such as metals, polymers and ceramics can have very different mechanical properties: polymer, ceramics and metallic materials. This is very important as it helps the engineer to correctly choose the right type of material for the right application.
Metals, ceramics and polymers are basically the three broad categories of materials used in engineering application. It is generally known that metals are usually strong and ductile, ceramics are rigid and brittle and polymers have higher elongation and lower strength.
This experiment aims to expose the number of factors can affect the mechanical strengths of materials. These factors include:
? the category of the material (i.e metal, ceramic or polymer)
? the type of material in that category (eg. crosslinked or thermplastics)
? the difference in micros tructure of the same material (crystalline or amorphous)
Theory
Terminology
(i) Tensile Stress
Force acting on unit area of the material
Tensile Stress σ =
A
F
(ii) Tensile Strain
Deformation or distortion experienced by a unit of the material
Tensile Strain ε =
l l
?
(iii) Modulus of Elasticity
The ratio of stress to corresponding strain when the material behaves elastically.
Tensile Modulus E =
ε
σ
where σ is the engineering stress
F is the applied force
ε is the nominal or engineering str ain
l is the length of the material
(iv) Tensile Toughness
The ability of a material to absorb energy up to fracture, i.e. the resistance to fracture. Specimen
Metals
Metals are described as a lattice of positive ions surrounded by a cloud of delocalized electrons.
Metals are tested using circular cylindrical machined specimen with a dumb bell shape which are gripped on either ends. The thinned out middle section is called the gauge length. Such a specimen can easily be gripped and the failure will be restricted to within the gauge length as this is where the cross section area is the smallest, so that the stress is largest.
Polymers
A polymer is a macromolecule composed of repeating structural units connected by covalent chemical bonds.
Polymers are not tested using such a circular shape. This is because polymers are not usually machined, but is produced in sheet or flattened shapes. Thus they are tested by
using a flattened profile, usually with a larger gauge length than for metals. Again, the specimen has a dumb bell shape so that the cross section area with the gauge length is significantly smaller and thus the failure is restricted to within this length.
Ceramics
Ceramic are inorganic non-metallic materials which are formed by the action of heat. Ceramics such as glass are very hard, thus making machining very difficult. The dumb bell shape is not possible for these materials. Also they are very brittle and thus cannot be gripped without either breaking them or causing defects to lower their strengths. As such, a three point bending test is usually done, since the specimen required can be very flat and need not been shaped by machining.
Equipment
The equipment used for testing the mechanical strength properties for the different materials is the Instron Universal Electro-mechanical Tester Series 5560(Figure 1).
Figure 1
The 5560 Series Table Model Systems are ideal for tests requiring less than 50 kN force and where better alignment or a larger test space are required. The twin column design provides better alignment and increased stiffness as compared with single column systems. These systems can be fitted with a wide range of grips and fixtures for tension, compression, bending and component testing. Additional accessories include extensometers for strain measurement and environmental chambers for high or low temperature tests.
Features:
? 250:1 force measurement range (i.e. use the load cell to down to 0.4% of full capacity with no loss of accuracy)
? Load accuracy of +/-0.5% of indicated load
? 500 Hz synchronous data acquisition rate for all channels
? Hardware control panel for operator convenience
? Automatic transducer recognition for load cells and extensometers
?Bluehill? 2 software compatibility
? Extra height and width options available
? Second test space option
? Library of ASTM and ISO test methods
?Full CE compliance
Procedure
Procedure for Metal Tensile Testing
Procedure for Polymer Tensile Testing
Procedure for Ceramics Flexure Testing
Results
Solutions to logsheet questions
1) What is the basic microstructure of
Metals: Combination of metallic elements, where there are positive metallic ions and free electrons forming crystalline structure.
Polymers: Most are organic compounds with long chain structure.
Ceramics: Compounds of metallic and non-metallic element that has amorphous
structure.
2) How does the microstructure determine the strength and ductility of,
Metals: Metals has high strength as it has a closely packed crystalline structure and
the positive ions and electrons in metals have strong electrostatic forces
between them. A large amount of energy is required to overcome the strong attractive forces.
Metals have high ductility due to the ability of the atom layers to roll over each
other into a new position without breaking the metallic bond.
Polymers: Polymers have low strength and high ductility due to their weak secondary van der waals’ f orces and hence low amount of energy is required to break the bonds. Polymers also have long molecular chains can move around easily
and there is no orderly structure. The random coils and molecular entanglements are responsible for the ductility of polymers.
Ceramics: Ceramics have high strength and low ductility. Ceramic has amorphous
structure where atoms are rigidly held giving it a strong bond. Due to its
amorphous structure, ceramic is brittle and easily broken giving it a low
ductility.
3) Why are steels stronger than aluminium alloys?
Steels have higher carbon content than aluminium alloys. Caron atoms form strong
covalent bonds to each other while holding the atoms of other non-metals strongly. In addition, carbon and other elements in steel prevent dislocations in the iron atom
crystal lattice from sliding past one another since it has a BCC structure compared to aluminium FCC structure. Therefore, steels are stronger than aluminium alloys.
4) Is PS or PE stronger? Why?
PS is stronger. PE has weak van der waals’ forces be tween the long-chained structure compared to PS which has a large benzene ring which causes a reduction in the chain mobility and thus an increase in rigidity. Therefore, PS is stronger than PE.
5) Comment on the testing technique of glass and calculate its Modulus of Elasticity.
A three-point bending test is done. It is to test on the strength of the glass. As glass is very brittle, they cannot be gripped without either breaking them or causing defects to lower their strengths.
Modulus of Elasticity =
3
21 . 67
07
.
67
14
.
70+
+
= 68.14 GPa
6) What materials would you choose for the bumper of your passenger car? What are the criteria that you must consider?
I would choose steel for the bumper of a passenger car. Toughness is the most
important criteria. Metals (steel) have high toughness compared to ceramics and
polymers which have low toughness. A bumper of a passenger car has to withstand large force and energy from accidents. Moreover, steels are also stronger than
aluminium alloys.
2021年美国麻省理工大学申请书写作指南在美国留学，申请文书是必不可少的一个文件，申请美国大学的留学文书应该怎么写呢？的我和大家来详细的说说2021年美国麻省理工大学申请书写作指南。 一、研究你所申请的学校 研究你所申请的学校。大部分学校会在admission page上提供校方对申请者的要求。充分了解该所学校，你愈可能写好你的PS，以此证明你对该所学校确实十分地感兴趣。你得花费功夫给读信者一种印象：你花了更多的时间使自己对该所学校了解得比其他的申请者更透彻，这些特别功夫使读信人对你的勤奋，专心致志和对该院系的兴趣有着十分良好的印象。这些特别了解和信息不必在每字之间中提出，也无须特别夸张其辞，你的陈述只需包含足够的信息使人留下你做了特别努力的印象即可。 由于学校的类型以及所选学校的威望，录取委员会将会阅读每年至少上千份文书，为了让你的文章有说服力，令人难忘和个性突出，在回答特定问题时，请保留在概括性问题答案中提及的一些细节，让你总结性的陈述成为一个包容万知的文档，给入学委员会留下一个印象：你比你所陈述的更有内涵。 在申请文档中避免不同部分之间的冗长重复，不要只在行文间陈述你的平均绩点和课程，这些东西在申请中是会被予以与其它部分相当的重视，然而如果你认为平均绩点和课程有所需解释之处则不妨多写一些，比如说，你可以讲明某一些平均绩点的不定是因为生病或是家庭问题所致，除了这些情况，千万别为你的分数找理由，入学委员会每年都要读过成百上千个这样的理由。 二、牢记心中目标 在一篇个人陈述中介绍自己可以有着不同的形式格局，就像每个人讲话一样风格不拘。然而，一篇成功的个人陈述，是一种比较有针对性的自我介绍，聚焦于申请表格提出的两个问题回答“我是谁”，“我能提供些
美国大学文书申请范文 I guess it was inevitable that I’d be on hockey skates at some point in my life, but I did not expect that I’d become one of a rare group of female ice hockey officials before I even reached high school. Being born into a family of hockey players and figure skaters, it seemed that my destiny had already been decided. Right from the beginning, my two older brothers and my father strapped me up and threw me onto the ice. I loved it and, in my mind, I was on my way to becoming a female Gretzky! But my mom had to think of something fast to drag her little girl away from this sport of ruffians. Enter my first hot pink figure skating dress! That was all it took to launch fifteen years of competitive figure skating. Even though figure skating soon became my passion, I always had an unsatisfied yearning for ice hockey. It took a great deal of convincing from my parents that competitive figure skating and ice hockey didn’t mix. My compromise became refereeing ice hockey; little did I know that I was beginning an activity that would influence my character and who I am today. When I began, I would only work with my dad and brothers. Everyone was friendly and accepting because I had just started. I soon realized though that to get better I needed to start refereeing with
高中生申请美国大学推荐信范例 出国留学有几封推荐信是必不可少的，那么本科留学推荐信要怎么写呢？下面为大家介绍一下本科留学推荐信的内容及推荐信范文。 本科留学推荐信的内容： （1）申请者的学业成绩或特质，是否具有领导才能，是否具有很强的分析能力等。在这一点上要注意适度，不能因为谦虚对优点加以掩盖，也不能夸夸其谈过高的估计申请者。 （2）充分挖掘申请者自身的特殊之处，例如有很强的沟通能力，或者是擅长某种语言等。 （3）就你所了解的范围而言，该申请者有什么比较重要的成绩或是成就，学业上的或是其他方面的。 （4）该申请者是否有何弱项，例如之前有过某些方面的挫折，但是从这个失败的经历中获得了什么经验教训等。 （5）对申请者未来潜力的描述，即解释推荐人愿意对该申请者做出推荐的原因，以及一旦该申请者获得到该校继续深造的机会会有什么发展等。 接下来就可以正式动笔了，不同的学校对推荐信的要求可能会略有不同，但是基本上一封结构清晰明确内容翔实的推荐信都应该由以下几个部分组成： （1）介绍部份。首先应该清楚明确的介绍推荐人的情况，工作单位、职位、与被推荐人的关系以及与被推荐人相处的时间长短等。在这一部份也可以给被推荐人一个总体的评价。 （2）主体部分。重点讲述被推荐人一至两个优秀品质，并且用有力的事实证明加以辅佐。要注意掌握对具体事例的选择，这不是简单的把申请者简历上的经历等内容进行一个拼凑，而是要要举出几个最有代表性的能够充分体现申请人人格魅力的例子。 （3）结论部份。解释为什么申请人的申请计划是适合他本人的，并且说明你认为该申请人在未来会对这个被申请的学校做出什么样的贡献。最后可以再次强调你对推荐该申请者充满信心，为能够推荐他到更好的院校进行深造感到十分自豪，同时表示学校在审核材料的过程中可以随时联系你，不要忘记附上你的联系方式。 本科留学推荐信范文： 吴可馨,2005年8月考入深圳市百年老校南头中学高中部,在精英荟萃的一班就读,我有幸成了她高中阶段第一任班主任、第一任语文老师、第一任年级组长，得以熟悉并了解她。 可馨有着强烈的进取心和求知欲，并且很独立、很主动地设计着自己的人生。她不喜欢轻易跟着别人转。在中考结束后大多数学生都去狂欢放松的时候，她选择了暑期语言进修。这使她后来的中文成绩、英文成绩在年级近千名学生中一直遥遥领先。她很擅长写作，这除了得益于她的想象力和创造力，更多依赖于她思维的个性和深度。她的随笔有一种独特的韵味和有别于常人的思考，她不喜欢写空话，无论是写自己生活的琐屑，还是发表对他人、对时事的看法，她绝对说真话。所以她的文章总是吸引很多人，大家还常常被她文章中的悲悯情怀所打动，一个被辞退的教师，一位答不上题的同学，一只流浪的猫等等，都会让她顿生恻隐之心。更难得的是，她还剖析这些事件背后的文化意义，这就使得她身上散发着一种古老的人文精神，和她的独立态度和自由精神一样，这是她超越同届学生们的地方。作为一名热爱读书的女生，她有很敏感的心，对语言尤其有一种细腻而透彻的悟性，这使得她的文字温婉而不失一种张力。 她热爱团队，有较强的合作能力和组织能力。她是学生会社团部部长，曾策划了社团一系列活动，这也显示出她潜藏的领导才华；另外，兴趣的广泛和知识的丰富，以及对工作、
出国留学申请书的写法及范文 在准备留学申请材料时，作为对外联系主要文件之一的简历，其质量高低将直接影响申请者的成功率，为了能让对方清晰地了解申请者，简历在写作方面应力求真实、全面、简洁、明了。 留学申请者的简历应包括以下几个方面的内容： 1.姓名：与各种学历证明的姓名相同，如有更改姓名的情况，务必在公证时予以声明，并附上公证书。 2.性别 3.出生年月日及地点。与各类学历证明的出生年月日一致，出生地点写明国别和省份。 4.国籍 5.婚否 6.现在工作单位及详细通信地址。 7.个人教育背景。包括大学、硕士阶段的在读时间，所在大学的名称、专业和所获学位，参加工作后的受教育经历，主要指脱产接受专门的进修、培训或学习。 8.个人从事专业的经历。填写专业经历应力求抓住重点，突出研究方向。担任教学工作的可列出主讲、助讲课程的名称，担任研究工作的可列出参加各个研究项目的课题名称。
9.个人的著作、论文或研究成果要分门别类列出，并一定要与个人专业经历相一致。所列著作要注明名称、出版年月、出版单位。所列论文要注明论文题目，刊载杂志或期刊名称、期号、语种。对于在学术会议上发表的文章还要注明学术会议的名称、召开时间和地点等。如果其中有被外国学者评论过的，最好附上刊载评论文章的杂志名称及时间。 10.外语水平。注明参加TEF、TOEFL、GRE等考试的时间、地点及成绩。若申请者掌握多门外语，则要一一注明语种并说明熟练程度。 11.参加何种学术团体，得到何种荣誉。学术团体一般应是省、市或行业一级以下的专业学术团体，在学术团体中所担任的职务可加以注明。荣誉主要是指在专业、技术研究方面获得的奖励和荣誉，并要注明获奖名称，颁奖时间和颁奖单位。 12.拟申请的大学和导师的姓名。可根据申请者查询的资料予以注明，并要注意按照每个单位、每位导师一份简历的原则，即在同一份自传中不必注明全部想要联系的单位和导师。 13.拟进行的研究方向和希望从事研究的题目。国外院校的专业面一般较宽，要根据国外情况，力求专业面与其一致。研究课题可根据自己的研究兴趣和需要，同时也要尽量考虑对方的条件。
Recommendation Letter Draft Dear Sir or Madam, I am glad to recommend Ms. XX to your graduate program. She is a hardworking and intelligent student in my class. Ms. X did good job on my lectures of digital signal processing and microelectronic circuit design. Through hard working, she became one of the top students in my class. Ms. X is focusing on machine to machine networking and doing wireless communication research work with my colleague in the Joint Institute. However, she never limits her knowledge to this certain realm but tries to study different topics. As a self-motivated person, she tries to acquaint herself with a wide range of engineering subjects, such as smart semiconductor devices, matrix theory and graph theory. Also, she succeeded in doing several engineering programs in our institute and for other organizations. Except for her research on network and communication, she participated in signal filter design, webpage and website construction as well as Grading Book system development. I appreciate her industry. Despite her sedulity, Ms. X is also a very sociable student with leadership. She is the president of Yunnan V olunteer Charity Program, which aims to improve the education and living quality of children in the western region of China. Ms. X gathered capable students and non-governmental organizations to realize their responsibilities. Also, she once worked for Microsoft Research Asia as an intern in her sophomore year. She was one of the youngest interns in the company. Her superior performance there set up good reputation for our Joint Institute. Besides, she helped to hold a collaborative discussion between Microsoft and our deans, Professor XX and XX. I am confident that Ms. X will be a good graduate student at your department. Her diligence and strong social ability are the two biggest merits for her to be successful in the overseas study. Sincerely yours, Prof. XX UM-SJTU Joint Institute
入团申请书格式大全版 本文从网络收集而来，上传到平台为了帮到更多的人，如果您需要使用本文档，请点击下载按钮下载本文档（有偿下载），另外祝您生活愉快，工作顺利，万事如意！ ★入团申请书频道为大家整理的入团申请书格式范文大全版，供大家参考。更多阅读请查看本站入团申请书频道。 内容 入团申请书从内容上看，一般要有以下几层意思： ⒈要谈清自己对团组织的认识和入团要求，这是青年加入共青团组织的思想基础。 ⒉要结合自己的成长过程，个人情况，谈自己对共青团组织的认识是如何提高的。 ⒊入团申请书不仅要写清自己对团组织的认识和入团要求，而且要写明自己的努力方向以怎样的行动争取入团。 ⒋入团申请书的最后部分，也可谈谈自己以怎样的态度接受团组织的考验。 以上是从内容上谈入团申请书的写法，这里只是给大家在写入团申请书时作以参考，而不是要求每份入团申请书都要写的面面俱到，都要写成一种模式。 [编辑本段]格式
团的条件是什么？ 团章规定：”年龄在十四周岁以上，二十八周岁以下的中国青年承认团的章程，愿意参加团的一个组织并在其中积极工作，执行团的决议和按期交纳团费的，可以申请加入中国共产主义青年团。” 这些是做一个共青团员必须具备的条件。 入团申请书的写法格式 入团申请书的写作格式一般来讲都是固定的，它的内容主要包括五个部分：标题、称呼、正文、结尾、落款。 (一)标题：入团申请书一般由申请内容和文种名共同构成。如“入团申请书”。题目要在申请书第一行的正中书写，而且字体要稍大。入团申请书，题目也可单独写在第一页上，字体醒目。 (二)称呼：通常称呼要在标题下空一两行顶格写出接受申请书的团支部的名称，并在称呼后面加冒号。如“敬爱的团组织：”。 (三)正文：这是申请书的主要部分，第一段先写：我自愿申请加入中国共产主义青年团。第二段通常要先介绍一下个人的现实情况、个人简历、家庭成员及社会关系情况。然后，要写明申请入团的动机、理由、对团的认识、自己的决心等。对个人情况的介绍可以
出国留学申请书的英文范文 【国留学申请书应该怎么写，相信这是很多人的疑问，的小编今天和大家一起来说说，英文版的出国留学申请书应该怎么写，以下的范文仅供参考哦。 留学申请者的简历应包括以下几个方面的内容： 1.姓名：与各种学历证明的姓名相同，如有更改姓名的情况，务必在公证时予以声明，并附上公证书。 2.性别 3.出生年月日及地点。与各类学历证明的出生年月日一致，出生地点写明国别和省份。 4.国籍 5.婚否 6.现在工作单位及详细通信地址。 7.个人教育背景。包括大学、硕士阶段的在读时间，所在大学的名称、专业和所获学位，参加工作后的受教育经历，主要指脱产接受专门的进修、培训或学习。
8.个人从事专业的经历。填写专业经历应力求抓住重点，突出研究方向。担任教学工作的可列出主讲、助讲课程的名称，担任研究工作的可列出参加各个研究项目的课题名称。 9.个人的著作、论文或研究成果要分门别类列出，并一定要与个人专业经历相一致。所列著作要注明名称、出版年月、出版单位。所列论文要注明论文题目，刊载杂志或期刊名称、期号、语种。对于在学术会议上发表的文章还要注明学术会议的名称、召开时间和地点等。如果其中有被外国学者评论过的，最好附上刊载评论文章的杂志名称及时间。 10.外语水平。注明参加TEF、TOEFL、GRE等考试的时间、地点及成绩。若申请者掌握多门外语，则要一一注明语种并说明熟练程度。 11.参加何种学术团体，得到何种荣誉。学术团体一般应是省、市或行业一级以下的专业学术团体，在学术团体中所担任的职务可加以注明。荣誉主要是指在专业、技术研究方面获得的奖励和荣誉，并要注明获奖名称，颁奖时间和颁奖单位。 12.拟申请的大学和导师的姓名。可根据申请者查询的资料予以注明，并要注意按照每个单位、每位导师一份简历的原则，即在同一份自传中不必注明全部想要联系的单位和导师。 13.拟进行的研究方向和希望从事研究的题目。国外院校的专业面一般较宽，要根据国外情况，力求专业面与其一致。研究课题可根据自己的研究兴趣和需要，同时也要尽量考虑对方的条件。
一寸光阴不可轻 外国大学申请书范文 Dear Sir， I am writing in the hope that I may obtain an opportunity to further my study in Applied Physics toward Master degree in your university. My name is Li Jin，an undergraduate student of the Department of Applied Physics，Huabei University.Next year in the summer，I will graduate and get my B.S.degree.I plan to continue my study and research in this field.I chose Boston University because there are a congenial team of researchers，an array of databases and research projects in your school of Physics.I believe my interests are extremely congruent with the strengths of the school.And my solid academic background will meet your general entrance requirements for graduate study. I will appreciate it very much if you could send me the Graduate Application Forms，the Application Form for Scholarships/Assistantships，and other relevant information.My mailing address is shown on the top of this letter. I am looking forward to hearing from you soon. Sincerely yours， Li Ming 1
精品文档 To: Professor Sasaki XXXX requested a letter of recommendation from me to support her application for studying at your university. I 'm the dean of institute. I am pleased to comply with her request. Three years ago, because of the high scores in the College Entrance Examination Miss XXXwent to our university and became my student. In my contact with her during three years. I was deeply impressed by Miss XXX's performance. During these three years she took part in a lot of activities didn 't distract her study. Got the scholarships and helped the instructor to manage the class as a leader. Thus I confirmed that she is a diligent student. Besides all above, I mayalso say he was a well-rounded. He has many good guarantees for her future success. I feel that Miss XXX is a student of great potential. Knowing that she is planning to further her studies in Japan, I amvery pleased to recommendher to your university and I sincerely hope that you will accept her application. Signature _________ Position ________
入团申请书的书写要求 入团申请书的书写要求： 入团申请书的写作格式一般来讲都是固定的，它的内容主要包括五个部分：标题、称呼、正文、结尾、落款。 (一)标题 入团申请书一般由申请内容和文种名共同构成。如“入团申请书”。题目要在申请书第一行的正中书写，而且字体要稍大。 入团申请书，题目也可单独写在第一页上，字体醒目。 (二)称呼 通常称呼要在标题下空一两行顶格写出接受申请书的团支部的名称，并在称呼后面加冒号。如“敬爱的夏华中学团支部：”。 (三)正文 这是申请书的主要部分，通常要先介绍一下个人的现实情况、个人简历、家庭成员及社会关系情况。然后，要写明申请入团的动机、理由、对团的认识、自己的决心等。对个人情况的介绍可以较简单，而把重点放在入团的动机、对团的认识以及自己的决心上。 正文要从接受申请书的团组织名称下一行空两格处写起。
申请书的正文部分一般篇幅较长，所以要注意分段。 具体写法 1.介绍个人的现实情况 对个人现实情况的介绍，是为了让团组织对自己的身份、情况有一个初步和大致的了解，不用展开来写，简明扼要即可。 2.个人简历和家庭成员及社会关系的情况 这一部分的内容也要简单，无须多用笔墨，但也必须清楚明白。对个人简历的写法，一般要求从上学时写起，到目前为止，只需依据时间的顺序，一项项地排列出来即可。 主要家庭成员及社会关系的情况，在申请书正文中可以简单地介绍一下，也可以不写，要视具体情况而定。有的家庭成员及主要社会关系可附在申请书后。 3.入团动机和理由 入团的动机、理由要重点写。申请的理由比较多，则可以从几个方面、几个阶段来写 4.对团的认识 对团的认识往往是同个人的成长经历有关的，这在申述自己的入团动机时已有所涉及。这里指的是专门较集中的对团认识的文字。 5.自己的心情、决心 这一部分是抒写自己入团的强烈愿望，表达自己的决心
美国大学留学申请书范文 大家都知道，申请文书包括了很多，有申请书、个人陈述等等，那么留学申请书应该要怎么写呢，和我一起来看看美国大学留学申请书范文。 (一)自我陈诉、开门见山、直入主题型 I am applying for admission to the Ph.D. program in Electrical and Computer Engineering， at the University of California， Berkeley. I present my research experience and study objectives in this statement of purpose. I would like to build on my solid education and experience as an engineer for a Ph. D. degree in computer science at a distinguished university. I wish in particular to be trained at an advanced level in software systems， database systems， applied-AI and knowledge-based systems. My ultimate goal is to become a professor teaching computer science at a Chinese university. I believe that advanced training in a quality graduate program will help me realize my goal. (二)叙述故事，说理型 1.叙述自己的家庭故事 My father is a chartered accountant and my mother is a banker. During my days at Engineering College I used to go to my father's office and help him manage his portfolio of equities and other financial instruments. This was the time I learnt the first lesson of finance from my father i.e. risk and return are proportionate. In 1998 when I was in the second year the China stock market crashed. But fortunately， my father had a well-diversified portfolio because of
哈佛大学留学申请书范文 通过学习留学申请书范文可以帮助大家熟悉申请文书写作的规范，今天给大家提供一篇申请哈佛大学的申请文书范文，希看对大家有所帮助。 Of all the characters that I' ve " met" through books and movies, two stand out as people that I most want to emulate. They are Attacus Finch from T o Kill A Mockingbird and Dr. Archibald " Moonlight" Graham from Field of Dreams. They appeal to me because they embody what I strive to be. They are influential people in small towns who have a direct positive effect on those around them. I, too, plan to live in a small town after graduating from college, and that positive effect is something I must give in order to be satisfied with my life. Both Mr. Finch and Dr. Graham are strong supporting characters in wonderful stories. They symbolize good, honesty, and wisdom. When the story of my town is written I want to symbolize those things. The base has been formed for me to live a productive, helpful life. As an Eagle Scout I represent those things that Mr. Finch and Dr. Graham represent. In the child/adolescent world I am Mr. Finch and Dr. Graham, but soon I' ll be entering the adult world, a world in which I' m not yet prepared to lead.
篇一：出国留学自荐信及推荐信 浅谈ps的写法 001-11-19 10:49:36 1.个 性 原 则 ： 我相 信申请出国的大多数人都不是牛人。当你不是牛人，无法向对方吹嘘自己是多么的聪明的时候， 你就必须向对方展现自己的个人魅力。当你坐在计算机前开始写作的时候，你一定要想清楚自 己是什么样的人，自己有什么优点。如果你不能让对方相信你的聪明和爱因斯坦是同数量级的 （这种人指的是毕业于名校，gpa在3.8以上），那么你就应该让他相信你的勤奋或是坚韧 的毅力与阿甘相比有过之而无不及，--------当然你也可以想出你的其他优点。不过，你也 不要把我的意思弄拧了，我并不是说，你不能说自己是聪明的，而是说，你或许可以着更多的 笔墨在你的勤奋上。毕竟，聪明仅仅是成功的一个因素，而你的毅力，合作力等等可能是成功 更重要的因素。 2.专 业 原 则 你在 你的ps和rl里首先要写大量的专业性的东西，并且在写rl的时候尤其要以指导老师的口 吻写很多你做实验的细节性的东西，并且说你如何解决了一些决定性的问题。 象去骗签证官，如果你无法说出一两个专业名词的话，即使有大学毕业证书证明你是哪所学校 什么专业毕业的，也不能让签证官相信你确实是去美国上学，而不是去打工或移民什么的。因 为任何文件都可以造假，而你的思想是造不了假的。你要尽量把你的思想给反映出来。 你一 定要记住，美国的大学之所以给你奖学金，求着你去学他们的理工科专业，并不是因为你的英 语学的比美国人好，gre考的比美国人高，或是想给中国免费培养人才，而是你能为他们做实 验，能给他们出文章，你在美国攻读学位期间所做的工作将会或大或小的为美国的经济发展做 出贡献，尽管也许一时还看不出来。所以，专业原则是最重要的一个原则。
国外大学申请书范文(精选多篇) 第一篇：国外大学展览策划案 国外大学展览咨询策划书 一、活动背景及目的： 当前国际经济危机的背景下，大学生的就业形势变得尤为紧张。为了帮助我院同学了解并进一步剖析自身能力，更好的对自己未来进行规划，引导其求职能力的培养。我校定于本月下旬举办国际关系学院第三届模拟招聘大赛，与贵方合作的国外大学展览是此次比赛中的一个重要的环节。 在如今的大学生毕业去向中，出国留学成为越来越多人的选择。而谈起留学，大家更多的是向往，由于缺乏对国外大学情况、出国留学政策、大学申请及签证办理等方面信息的充分了解，很多抱有留学梦想的同学往往在面临选择的时候手足无措而错过良机。因此，我们希望通过此次展览咨询活动，能够帮助同学们了解留学相关的信息，选择正确的学校和专业，在追求学业的道路上走的更远。同时，此次活动也将促进国关大学生对国外大学的了解，从而促进中外文化的交流。 二、展览内容：
根据同学们的需要，我们希望此次展览能够涵盖美国、英国、澳大利亚、日本等国部分大学基本招生信息、专业政策、国外大学的申请步骤及签证办理所需要注意的问题等方面的信息。 三、活动时间地点： 时间：10月下旬 地点：学术交流中心中厅及西厅 四、我方能够提供的： 1.宣传：校园bbs、电子屏、公共信息栏及所有宿舍楼下宣传栏 等宣传点的全方位宣传，保证展览的参与性和有效性。 同时国关电视台、广播站、院报、国关新闻网都将对本次展览进行前期宣传、中后期详情报道,保证信息的长期有效性。 2.活动组织。我部成员将做好展板安置、现场秩序维护等工作， 保证此次活动的顺利进行。 3.以后贵方如有活动等需要我方配合，我们将竭尽全力。 五：需贵方提供的： 本国推荐大学的基本信息 学校对外招生政策 大学申请方面的信息（申请步骤、所需材料等） 签证方面所需注意的事项 以上信息希望贵方能以有形的形式提供如展板、彩页、书籍等，
Tong Xi Ming Cheng E-2 building,8 Sheng Tai Road Jiangning District, Nanjing City P.R.China Tel: 86-025 ******** Dear Sir or Madam, I’m very pleased to write this letter to recommend the former interned trainee Tina in Smile International English(SIE) , when hearing that she is applying for your prestigious university. Tina worked as a teaching assistant in this company from April 2014 to June 2014. After the first interaction with her, she left me a good impression on me by her good verbal ability and easy-going personality. Later, I arranged her the teaching assistant training program for her and she soon learn it very well. When she joined in the class to help me and other teachers with the English teaching, I found that she grasped the course contents and our teaching modes in short time. Every time she would get in classroom in advance to help the main teacher with preparation before class, and many details reflected her considerate and meticulous mind. Because most students were little children, Tina would play with them in the class to draw their attention to learn English. In my class, I sometimes let her teach students and she behaved well especially her standard pronunciation. Most importantly, her profound knowledge on pedagogy and psychology enabled her to put forward many constructive suggestions for SIE, for example, she once advised to set up English Salon Class focusing on many interesting topics to broaden students’ eyesight as well as to enhance their English learning enthusiasms. Besides, Tina always discussed with other teachers on how to better our Whiteboard Course and New Concept English Course. As far as I am concerned, Tina finished her internship here with outstanding performances. And she is highly independent and creative which in a way can be attribute to her experiences of living and studying abroad. In my opinion, such a diligent lady with excellent ability of learning is the one for your esteemed program. In all, I recommend her to you without any hesitation. Yours Sincerely, Chou Yili, Executive Headmaster of Smile International English, Jiangning Headquarter December 8, 2014
申请书的写法 申请书的写法 一、申请书的概念 顾名思义,申请书,就是申明请求的一种文书。它是个人或集体向组织,团体,机关,单位说明情况,表达愿望和提出请求时使用的一种书信类应用文。 二、申请书的使用范围 申请书的使用范围非常广泛,通常有以下几种使用范围： 1．个人或集体向组织,团体表达愿望,理想和希望时,可以使用申请书。 2．个人在学习,工作,生活上对机关,团体,单位领导有所要求时,可以使用申请书。 3．下级单位在工作,生产,学习,生活上对上级单位,领导有所要求时,可以使用申请书。 三、申请书的作用 1．申请书是下情上达的一种好形式。 2．申请书是一种良好的沟通手段,能够把分力变成合力,从而最大限度地做好工作。 3．申请书是争取领导支持和帮助的一种途径。 4．申请书是增加感情,引起重视的一种有效办法。 四、申请书的格式
1．标题。在第一行中间写“申请书”或“××申请书”字样。题目要在申请书第一行的正中书写，而且字体要稍大。 2．称呼。第二行顶格写接受申请书的单位或单位负责人名称，也有的放在申请书结尾之后,署名之上的左前方,即“此致”另行顶格左前方。 3．正文。说明要申请的具体内容,理由和要求。这是申请书的主要部分。在这部分里,要写清楚所申请事情的原委,理由和事项，用简短精炼的语言说明清楚,然后直接提出申请事项,就可以了。如：入党申请书，主要内容包括：（1）对党的认识、入党动机和对待入党的态度并表明自己的入党愿望。表明对党的性质、宗旨、指导思想、奋斗目标、组织原则、纪律和党的路线、方针、政策及党风方面的认识和态度。要明确表示：我志愿加入中国共产党，承认党的纲领和章程，履行党员义务，执行党的决议，严守党的纪律，保守党的机密，按时交纳党费，对党忠诚，愿意参加党的一个组织并在其中积极工作，为共产主义奋斗终身。 （2）自己的政治信念和思想、工作、学习、作风等方面的主要情况。 （3）要剖析自身存在的不足，并明确表示愿意接受党组织对自己的教育和考察。 表明对入党的态度和决心，以及今后如何以实际行动争取入党。
入团申请书内容写法 入团申请书内容写法 。 正文要从接受的申请书的团组织名称下一行空两格处写起。 申请书的正文部分一般篇幅较长，所以要注意分段。下面我们将详细地分析入团申请书的具体写法 1.介绍个人的现实情况 对个人现实情况的介绍，是为了让团组织对自己现在的身份、情况有一个初步和大致的了解，不用展开来写，简明扼要即可。 个人简历和家庭成员及社会关系的情况 这一部分的内容也要简单，无须多用笔墨，但也必须清楚明白。对个人简历的写法，一般要求从上学时写起，到目前为止，只需依据时间的顺序，一项项地排列出来即可。主要家庭成员及社会关系的情况，在申请书正文中可以简单地介绍一下，也可以不写，要视具体情况而定。有的家庭成员及主要社会关系可附在申请书后。 3.入团动机和理由 入团的动机、理由要重点写。申请的理由比较多，则可以从几个方面、几个阶段来写。 4.对团的认识和决心 对团的认识往往是同个人的成长经历有关的，这在申述自己的入团动机时已有所涉及。这里指的是专门较集中的对团认识的文字。 自己的心情、决心这一部分是抒写自己入团的强烈愿望，表达自己的决心的部分。
结尾和落款 申请书可以有结尾，也可以没有。结尾一般写上恳请团组织批准我的申请和 此致 敬礼！之类表示敬意的话即可。 此致另起一行空两格写，敬礼！再另起一行顶格写。 落款，要署上申请人姓名和成文日期，均写在右下角，注意排列整齐。 附送： 入团申请书初中1200字 入团申请书初中1200字 入团申请书初中1200字篇一 尊敬的团组织： 我志愿加入中国共产主义青年团。 我是xx中学初二1班的xxx，身兼语文课代表、学习委员以及值日班长这些职务。在道德上，我具有文明素质，积极进取，乐观向上，作风端正;在学习上时常与同学一起研讨深究问题，面对难题勇往直前，屡次获得优异的成绩;作为班委，我也毫不懈怠得帮助班长管理班级，检查同学们的仪容仪表，维护班级的名誉，在我和其他值日班长一丝不苟地检查下，我们班级常常获得了分纪评比的高分，亦获得了年段的许。在班级上我与同学友好相处，共同进步，为自己的目标努力奋斗。