2010年度全国职称英语考试试题（京华网校提供）
理工类（A级）试题
第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1．I enjoyed the play-it had a clever plot and very funny dialogues．
A．boring
B．long
C．humorous
D．original
2．I want to provide my boys with a decent education．
A．special
B．good
C．private
D．general
3．Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment．
A．doubt
B．love
C．surprise
D．anger
4．The two banks have announced plans to merge next year．
A．combine
B．close
C．break
D．sell
5．Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners．
A．similar
B．usual
C．bad
D．polite
6．I can't put up with my neighbor's noise any longer，it's driving me mad．A．measure
B．generate
C．tolerate
D．reduce
7．Regular visits from a social worker can be of immense value to old people living alone．A．great
B．equal
C．moderate
D．immediate
8．He was rather vague about the reasons why he never finished school．A．bad
B．unclear
C．bright
D．general
9. Steep stairs can present a particular hazard to older people.
A. case
B. picture
C. danger
D. evidence
10．He demolished my argument in minutes．
A．accepted
B．disproved
C．supported
D．disputed
11．Your dog needs at least 20 minutes of vigorous exercise every day．
A．energetic
B．regular
C．free
D．physical
12．Lower taxes would spur investment and help economic growth．
A．require
B．attract
C．encourage
D．spend
13．He was kept in appalling conditions in prison．
A．necessary
B．critical
C．normal
D．terrible
14．The project required ten years of diligent research．
A．basic
B．scientific
C．hardworking
D．social
15．Our arrangements were thrown into complete turmoil．
A．doubt
B．confusion
C．relief
D．failure
第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
California Gives Green Light to Space Solar Power
Energy beamed down from space is one step closer to reality，now that California has given the green
light to an agreement that would see the Pacific Gas and Electric Company buy 200 megawatt (兆瓦)of power beamed down from solar-power satellites beginning in 2016．But some major challenges will have to be overcome if the technology is to be used widely．
A start-up company called Solaren is designing the satellites，which it says will use radio waves to beam energy down to a receiving station on Earth．
The attraction of collecting solar power in space is the almost uninterrupted sunshine available in geosynchronous(与地球同步的)orbit．Earth-based solar cells，by contrast，can only collect sun．Light during daytime and when skies are clear．
But space-based solar power must grapple(努力克服)with the high cost per kilogram of launching things into space，says Richard Schwartz of Purdue University in West Lafayette，Indiana，"If you're talking about it being economically viable or power of the Earth，it's a tough go．"he says.
Cal Boerman，Solaren's director of energy services，says the company designed its satellites with a view to keeping launch costs down．"We knew we had to come up with a different，revolutionary design，"he says．A patent the company has won describes ways to reduce the system's weight，including using inflatable minors to focus sunlight on solar cells，so a smaller number can collect the same amount of energy．
But using minors introduces other challenges，including keeping the solar cells from overheating，says Schwartz．"You have to take care of heat dissipation(散发)because you're now concentrating a lot of energy in one place，"he says．According to the company's patent，Solaren's solar cells will be connected to radiators to help keep them cool．
Though Boerman says the company believes it can make space-based solar power work，it is not expecting to crowd out other forms of renewable energy．Laws in California and other states require increasing use of renewable energy in coming years，he points out．"To meet those needs，we're going to need all types of renewable energy sources，"he says．
16．Solar-power satellites will use radio waves to beam energy down from space．
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not mentioned
17．Solaren is going to design 200 solar-power satellites．
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not mentioned
18．Space-based solar cells could collect solar power only when skies are clear．A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not mentioned
19．One advantage of space-based solar power system is that it is economical．A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not mentioned
20．Inflatable minors are used to reduce the space-based solar power system．A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not mentioned
21．Space-based solar power will rule out other forms of renewable energy sources．A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not mentioned
22．Many countries will grant permission for the use of spaced-based solar power soon．A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：
(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个最佳标题；
(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
Natural Gas
1 Natural gas is produced from reservoirs deep beneath the earth's surface．It is a fossil fuel
(矿物质燃料)，meaning that it is derived from organic material buried in the earth millions of years ago．The main component of natural gas is methane(甲烷)．
2 The popularity and use of clean natural gas has increased dramatically over the past 50 years as pipeline infrastructure(基础设施)has been installed to deliver it conveniently and economically to millions of residential，commercial and industrial customers worldwide．Today，natural gas service is available in all 50 states in the U．S．，and is the leading energy choice for fueling American homes and industries. More than 65 million American homes use natural gas．In fact，natural gas is the most economical source for home energy needs，costing one-third as much as electricity．In addition to heating homes，much of the gas used in the United States is used as a raw material to manufacture a wide variety of products，from paint，to fibers for clothing，to plastics for healthcare，computing and furnishings．Natural gas is also used in a significant number of new electricity-generating power plants．
3 Natural gas is one of the safest and cleanest fuels available．It emits less pollution than other fossil fuel sources．When natural gas is burned，it produces mostly carbon dioxide(二氧化碳) and water vapor-the same substances emitted when humans exhale．Compared with some other fossil fuels，natural gas emits the least amount of carbon dioxide into the air when combusted(燃烧)，making natural gas the cleanest burning fossil fuel of all.
4 The United States consumes about one-third of the world's natural gas output，making it the largest gas-consuming region in the world．The U．S．Department of Energy's Energy Information Ad-ministration forecasts that natural gas demand will grow by more than 50 percent by 2025．
5 There are huge reserves of natural gas beneath the earth's surface．The largest reserves of natural gas can be found in Russia，West and North Africa and the Middle East．LNG(液化天然气)has been produced domestically and imported in the United States for more than four decades．Today，the leading importers of LNG are Japan，Korea，France and Spain．
23．Paragraph 2_________．
24．Paragraph 3________．
25．Paragraph 4_________.
26．Paragraph 5________．
A．Popularity and use of natural gas
B．Natural gas reserves and supply
C．Natural gas prices
D．Clean fuel of choice
E．Disadvantages of natural gas
F．Natural gas consumption
27．Natural gas is stored deep________．
28．Natural gas is recognized as the most economical energy source_________．
29．When manufacturing many products，people commonly use natural gas____________．
30．It is estimated that by 2025 that natural gas demand in the United States will increase_________．A．over the past 50 years
B．beneath the earth surface
C．by more than 50 percent
D．for more than four decades
E．as a raw material
F．for home energy needs
第4部分：阅读理解(第3l～45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容,为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇
How the First Stars in the Universe Came into Existence
Researchers believe that our universe began with the Bit Bang(宇宙大爆炸) about 13 billion years ago, and that soon after that event, matter began to form as small dust grains and gases. How the first stars formed from this dust and gas has been a burning question for years, but a state-of-art computer simulation now offers the most detailed picture yet of how these first stars in the universe came into existence.
The composition of the early universe was quite different from that of today ,and the physics that governed the early universe were also somewhat simpler. Dr. Naoki Yoshida and colleagues in Japan and the U.S. incorporated these conditions of the early universe, sometimes referred to as the “cosmic dark
ages,” to simulate the formation of an astronomical object that would eventually shine its light into this darkness.
The result is a detailed description of the formation of a protostar (原恒星) –the early stage of a massive primordial (原始的) star of our universe – and the researchers’ computer simulation sets the bar for further investigation into the star formation process. The question of how the first stars evolved is so important because their formations and eventual explosions provided the seeds for subsequent stars to come into being.
According to their simulation, gravity acted on minute density variations in matter, gases, and the mysterious “dark matter” of the universe after the Big Bang in order to form this early stage of a star __ a protostar with a mass of just one percent of our sun. The simulation reveals how pre-stellar (前恒星的) gases would have actually evolved under the simpler physics of the early universe to form this protostar. Dr. Yoshida’s simulation also shows that the protostar would likely evolve into a massive star capable of synthesizing (合成) heavy elements, not just in later generations of stars, but soon after the Big Bang.
Their simulation of the birth of a protostar in the early universe signifies a key step toward the ambitious goal of piecing together the formation of an entire primordial star and of predicting the mass and properties of these first stars of the universe. More powerful computers, more physical data, and an even larger range will be needed for further calculations and simulations, but these researchers hope to eventually extend this simulation to the point of nuclear reaction initiation – when a stellar (星球的) object becomes a true star.
31．According to the first two paragraphs，compared with the universe of today, the early universe A．got fewer stars shinning in it
B．was composed in a way similar to that of today
C．started over 13 billion years ago
D．was governed by simpler physics
32．What does the state-of-the-art computer simulation tell us about?
A．How “cosmic dark ages” came into existence.
B．How the Bit Bang took place about 13 billion years ago.
C．How the first stars came into being after the Big Bang．
D．How dust grains and gases were formed after the Big Bang．
33．The phrase “an astronomical object” in paragraph 2 refers to
A．a protostar.
B．dust and gas．
C．the early universe．
D．cosmic dark ages．
34．According to paragraph 4，which of the following is NOT true about a protostar?
A．It evolved from pre-stellar gases．
B．It had a mass of one percent of the sun．
C．It developed into a massive star during the Big Bang．
D．It was able to integrate heavy elements when evolving into a massive star．
35．According to the last paragraph，all of the following are goals of the simulation project EXCEPT A．to know more about the mass and properties of the first stars of the universe
B．to simulate the process of how the early universe began
C．to apply the simulation to the study of nuclear reaction initiation
D．to discover the truth about the formation of a protostar
第二篇
The Iceman
On a September day in 1991，two Germans were climbing the mountain between Austria and Italy．High up on a mountain pass，they found the body of a man lying on the ice．At that height (10，499 feet，or 3，200 meters)，the ice is usually permanent，but 1991 had been an especially warm year．The mountain ice had melted more than usual and so the body had come to the surface．
It was lying face downward．The skeleton(骨架)was in perfect condition except a wound on the head．remains of some clothes．The hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth boots．Nearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark (树皮)and a holder for arrows．
Who was the man? How and when had he died? Everybody had a different answer to these questions．Some people thought that it was from this century，perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War I，since several soldiers had already been found in this area．A Swiss woman who believed it
might be her father，who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been found．The scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older，maybe even a thousand years old．
With modem dating techniques，the scientists soon learned that the iceman was about 5，300 years old．Born in about 3300 B．C．，he lived during the Bronze Age in Europe．At first scientists thought he was probably a hunter who had died from an accident in the high mountains．More recent evidence，however，tells a different story．A new kind of X-ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulder．It left only a tiny hole in his skin，but it caused internal damage and bleeding．He almost certainly died from this wound，and not from the wound oil the back of his head．This means that he was probably in some kind of battle．It may have been part of a large war，or he may have been fighting bandits．He may even have been a bandit himself．
By studying his clothes and tools，scientists have already learned a great deal from the Iceman about the times he lived in．we may never know the full story of how he died，but he has given us important clues to the history of those distant times．
36．The body of the iceman was found in the mountains mainly because_________．
A．he was lying on the ice
B．two Germans were climbing mountains
C．the melted ice made him visible
D．he was just on a mountain pass
37．What can be inferred from paragraph 2?
A．The iceman was killed while working．
B．The iceman could have died from the wound in the head．
C．The iceman lived a poor life．
D．The iceman was struck dead from behind．
38．All the following are assumptions once made about iceman EXCEPT_____________．
A．he was a soldier in World War I
B．he came from Italy
C．he was a Swiss woman's long-lost father
D．He was born about a thousand years ago
39．The scientists made the deduction that the iceman_________．
A．was hit in the shoulder by an arrowhead
B．was probably in some kind of a battle
C．had got a wound on the back of his head
D．has a tiny hole in his skin causing his death．
40．The word "bandits" in paragraph 4 could be best replaced by________．
A．robbers
B．soldiers
C hunters
D．shooters
第三篇
Scientists Make Sweet Discovering
Good news for chocoholics：the treat preferred by millions all over the world is good for you，according to American researchers at the University of California．Chocolate contains substances called flavonoids （类黄酮）that can help maintain a healthy heart and good circulation．The researchers have discovered that cocoa acts like aspirin and that eating a bar of chocolate has also been shown to release endorphins in the body：these chemicals help to reduce pain and stress and make you feel happy.
But who first discovered this wonderful way of keeping healthy? Thy Olmec Indians of Mexico and Central America were the first to grow cocoa beans, in about 1500 BC, and the Mayas were drinking unsweetened cocoa hundreds of years before it became fashionable in Europe. The word chocolate comes from the Nahuatl word xocolati, which means “bitter water”
In 1544，a delegation of Mayan nobles visited Philip of Spain and gave him jars of cocoa as a gift．Cocoa soon became fashionable in Spain and Portugal．The Spanish were the first to add sugar to their cocoa drink．In the 17th century, chocolate was becoming fashionable with the middle-classes, not only as a drink but also as a medicine.
By the middle of the century，solid chocolate was becoming familiar．In 1765，James Baker and John Hanan opened the first chocolate mill in the United States，introducing chocolate to the average citizen．In 1896，in Switzerland，Daniel Peter had the idea of adding milk in the chocolate-making process and
produced the first milk chocolate．
Since then，chocolate has grown enormously in popularity．One of the biggest chocolate-eating nations is Britain where the average man，women，and child eats nine kilos of chocolate a year．In fact，chocolate is the number one comfort food and there are more chocoholics in Britain than anywhere else in the world．Researchers warn that although chocolate is good for you，it should be eaten in small quantities -- and with no added milk．
41．Why is chocolate good for heart and circulation?
A．It reduces pain and stress．
B．It contains substances called flavonoids．
C．It releases endorphins in human body．
D．It acts like aspirin to protect heart．
42．When cocoa was first introduced to Europe_________，it soon became fashionable．
A．as a drink
B．as a gift
C．as food
D．as a medicine
43．What did James Bakers and John Hanan do about chocolate?
A．They produce the first mild chocolate．
B．They introduce chocolate to Europe．
C．They add sugar to make chocolate bars．
D. They make chocolate accessible to average man．
44．Which is the following statement is not true according to the passage?
A．Chocolate contains substances that make people feel happy．
B．Chocolate is good for health if it is eaten with added milk．
C．Eating chocolate occasionally contributes to a healthy diet．
D．Chocolate is loved by millions of people worldwide．
45．What is the author's tone about eating chocolates?
A．Ambiguous
B．Negative
C．Positive
D．Humorous
第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
I Just Know How You Feel
Do you feel sad? Happy? Frustrated? Insouciant? Exonerated? Infuriated? Do you think that the way you display these emotions is unique? Well，think again．Even the expression of the most personal feelings Can be classified, according to Mind Reading, a DVD displaying every possible human emotion. It demonstrates 412 distinct ways in which we feel: the fist visual dictionary of the human heart．Attempt to classify the human heart began in the mid-1800s, when Darwin divided the emotions into six types – anger, fear, sadness, disgust, surprise and enjoyment. ________(46)．Every other feeling was thought to derive from Darwin’s small group. More complex expressions of emotion were probably learned and therefore more specific to worldwide. ___________(47)The Mind Reading DVD is a systematic visual record of these expressions．
The project was conceived by a Cambridge professor as an aid for people with autism (孤独症) who have difficulty both reading and expressing emotions. But it quickly became apparent that it had broader uses. Actors and teachers, for example, need to understand a wide range of expressions. The professor and his research team first had to define an “emotion”. (48) Using this definition, 1,512 emotion terms were identified and discussed. This list was eventually reduced to 412, from “afraid”to “wanting”.
Once these emotions were defined and classified, a DVD seemed the clearest and most efficient way to display them. In Mind Reading, each expression is acted out by six different actors in three seconds.
(49) The explanation for this is simple: we may find it difficult to describe emotions using words, but we instantly recognize one when we see it on someone’s face. “It was really clear when the actors had got it right.”Says Cathy Collis, who directed the DVD. “Although they were given some direction,”says Ms Collis, “the actors were not told which facial muscles they should move. (50)”For example, when someone feels contempt, you can’t say for certain that their eyebrows always go down.
Someone who has tried to establish such rules is the American, Professor Paul Ekamn, who has built a database of how the face moves for every emotion. The face can make 43 distinct muscle movements called “action units ” . These can be combined into more than 10,000 visible facial shapes. Ekman has written out a pattern of facial muscular movements to represent each emotion.
A．We thought of trying to describe each emotion but it would have been almost impossible to make clear rules for this
B．These particular muscles are difficult to control，and few people can do it．
C．Research has also been done to find out which areas of the brain read the emotional expressions．D．They decided that it was a mental state that could be preceded by "I feel" or "he looks" or "she sounds"．
E．He said that the expression of theses feelings was universal and recognizable by anyone，from any culture．
F．Any other method of showing all the 412 emotions，such as words，would have been far less effective．
第6部分：完形填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
Obtaining Drinking Water from Air Humidity
Not a plant to be seen，the desert ground is too dry．But the air contains water，and research scientists have found a_________(51)of obtaining drinking water from air humidity．
“The process we have developed is based exclusively on renewable energy sources (52) thermal solar collectors and photovoltaic (光电的) (53) makes this method completely energy-autonomous. It will (54) function in regions where there is no electrical infrastructure (基础设施)，” says Siegfried Egner, head of the research team. The principle of the (55) is as follows: hygroscopic (吸湿的) brine(盐水), -- saline (含盐的) solution which absorbs moisture –runs down a tower-shaped unit and absorbs water from the air. It is then sucked (56) a tank a few meters off the ground in which a vacuum prevails. Energy from solar collectors (57) up the brine, which is diluted by the water it has (58).
Because of the vacuum, the boiling point of the liquid is lower than it would be under (59) atmospheric pressure. The evaporated (蒸发的) ,non-saline water is condensed and runs down through a completely filled tube in a controlled manner. The gravity of this water column (60) produces the vacuum and so a vacuum pump is not needed. The reconcentrated brine (61) down the tower surface again to absorb moisture from the air.
“The concept is suitable for various water (62). Single-person units and plants supplying water to entire hotels are conceivable,” says Egner. Prototypes have been built for (63) system components – air moisture absorption and vacuum evaporation – and the research scientists have already (64) their interplay on a laboratory scale. In a further (65) the researchers intend to develop a demonstration facility.
51．A．way B．channel C．road D．path
52．A．because of B．such as C．in spite of D．as a result of
53．A．which B．where C．who D．when
54．A．however B．still C．therefore D．meanwhile
55．A．progress B．product C．prospect D．process
56．A．into B．at C．above D．from
57．A．brings B．breaks C．keeps D．heats
58．A．affected B．absorbed C．allowed D．attracted
59．A．different B．easy C．available D．normal
60．A．suddenly B．typically C．continuously D．seriously
61．A．runs B．flies C．takes D．puts
62．A．owners B．users C．workers D．designers
63．A．same B．either C．every D．both
64．A．copied B．repaired C．tested D．cancelled
65．A．case B．step C．ground D．instrument
2010年度全国职称英语等级考试试题
理工类（A级）参考答案
第l部分：词汇选项
1.C
2.B
3.D
4.A
5.D
6.C
7.A
8.B
9.C 10.B
11.A 12.C 13.D 14.C 15.B
第2部分：阅读判断
16．A[解析]本题给出的信息是正确的，文章第一段中提到"ofpower beamed down from s01ar-power satellites beginning in 2016"说明太阳能卫星会使用无线电波从太空发射能量光束。
17．C [解析]文章没有谈到这方面的信息，文章在第一段中提到200这个数字是关于"Ihe Pacific Gas and Electric Company buy 200 megawatt(兆瓦)of power beamed down from solarpower satellites beginning in 2016"：从2016年起，太平洋天然气和电力公司将购买200兆瓦的从太阳能电站的卫星上发送来的电力。
18．B[解析]本题给出的信息是错误的。文章在第三段末尾提到："在地球上的太阳能电池只能在白天且无云的时候收集阳光。"
19．B [解析]本题给出的信息是错误的。从文章第四段"But space-based solar power must grapple(努力克服)with the high cost per kilogram of launching things into space"：但在太空的太阳能工厂必须努力克服的问题是：向太空发射每一公斤的物品都要付出高昂代价，即成本高的问题。
20．A[解析]本题给出的信息是正确的，从文章第五段"A patent the company has won describes ways to reduce the system's weight"我们知道这家公司的一项专利说明了降低此系统重量的多种方法。
21．B [解析]本题给出的信息是错误的。从文章最后一段"it is not expecting to crowd out other forms 0f renewable energy"我们知道它(从太空中获得的太阳能)并不会挤掉其他形式的可再生能源。
22．C [解析]文章没有谈到这方面的信息。文章主要围绕美国，尤其是加州来说，并没有提到其他国家的情况。
参考译文
加利福尼亚州批准空间太阳能电站
使用从太空照下的能源已经离现实近在咫尺了，因为加利福尼亚州已经以协议的形式批准了。协议规定：从2016年起，太平洋天然气和电力公司将购买200兆瓦的从太阳能电站的卫星上发送来的电力。但这项技术要广泛使用，仍有一些挑战需要克服。
发出这一设想的公司Solaren正在设计一颗卫星。公司称这颗卫星将会使用无线电波将能源发送到地球上的接收站。
在太空收集太阳能这一设想的吸引人之处在于它是目前在地球同步轨道上收集阳光受阻碍最少的方式。与此截然不同的是，在地球上的太阳能电池只能在白天且无云的时候收集阳光。
但在太空的太阳能工厂必须努力克服的问题是：向太空发射一公斤的物品都要付出高昂代价。印第安纳州普渡大学拉法叶校区的Richarci Scllwartz说："如果你要说的是让这一设想从经济角度上可行，从而供应地球能量，这是一条很艰难的道路。"
Solaren公司的能源服务部门的经理Cal Boerman说公司设计这一卫星时已考虑到将发射成本降低。他说："我们知道我们必须想出一个与众不同的，有革新意义的设计。"这家公司的一项专利说明了降低此系统重量的多种方法，包括使用可充气的镜子向太阳能电池板聚焦，这样利用较少的太阳能电池板就可以收集到等量的能量。
但使用镜子又带来了其他问题，包括防止太阳能电池板过热，Sclawartz提出。"你必须处理好热量散发的问题，因为你将很多能量聚集在一个地方。"他说。按照该公司的专利书描述．Solaren公司的太阳能电池板会被连接到散热板上使其保持冷却。
尽管Boerman说这家公司相信它能制造建立在太空中的太阳能发电厂，但它并不会挤掉其他形式的可再生能源。加利福尼亚州的法律以及其他州的法律要求在未来几年增加对可再生能源的利用。他指出："为了满足这些需要，我们需要使用各种可再生能源。"
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子
23．A [解析]本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段的中心意思是天然气被广泛应用以及天然气的各种用途。
24．D [解析]本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段的中心意思是天然气是现有能源中最安全和最干净的。
25．F[解析]本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段的中心意思是美国消费天然气的情况。
26．B [解析]本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段的中心意思是世界上天然气的储存和供应情况。
27．B [解析]本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第一段的第一句话"Natural gas is produced from reservoirs deep beneath the earth's surface．"
28．F[解析]本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第二段的第四句话" In fact，natural gas is the most economical source for home energy needs，costing one-third as much as electricity．"
29．E [解析]本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第二段的第五句话" In addition to heating homes，much of the gas used in the United States is used as a raw material to manufacture a wide variety of products，from paint，to fibers for clothing，to plastics for healthcare，computing and furnishings．"
30．C [解析]本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第四段的最后一句话"The U．S．Department of Energy's：Energy Information Administration forecasts that natural gas demand will grow by more than 50。percent by 2025．"
参考译文
天然气深藏在地球表面下方，它属于矿物燃料，由埋藏在地球上上百万年前的有机物生成。它的主要成分是甲烷。
过去50多年，随着管道基础设施的建设将气体便利、经济地输送到世界各地的居住区、商业区和工业区用户，天然气的受欢迎程度和利用程度便迅速增长。如今全美50个州都有天然气服务，并且天然气成为美国家用燃料和工业使用燃料的首选。有超过6500万的美国家庭使用天然气。事实上，天然气是经济的家庭能源需求，其费用是电的三分之一。除了家庭取暖外，在美国，天然气还被用作油漆、服装纤维、保健用塑料制品、计算设备和家具等多种产品的原材料，其也被用在许多新的发电厂。
天然气是现有能源中最安全和最干净的。它释放的污染小于其他矿物燃料。天然气燃烧时主要产生二氧化碳和水蒸汽--与人呼吸产生的物质相同。与其他矿物燃料相比，天然气燃烧时释放到空气中的二氧化碳最少，因此它是最洁净的矿物燃料。
美国消费世界天然气总产量的三分之一，是世界上最大的天然气消费地区。美国能源部的能源信息行政部预计到2025年，天然气的需求将会超过50％。
地表下面储存有大量的天然气。在俄罗斯、西非、北非和中东地区，天然气的储存量最大。
过去的40多年。美国除了自己生产液化气外，还进口液化气。现在进口液化气的国家主要有日本、韩国、法国和西班牙。
第4部分：阅读理解
第一篇
31．D 本题的答案可以在第二段第一句中找到：宇宙早期的构成与现在差异很大，宇宙早期的物理规律也比较简单，正确答案为D。
32．C 从第一段吉尾可以看出，电脑模拟详细地描述了宇宙早期的恒星是怎样形成的。选项C 正确。
33．A 第二段结尾提到电脑模拟了一个天文物体的形成，而第三段开头又说结果得到了对原恒星的详细描述，由此可知这个天文物体即为原恒星，答案为A。
34．C 第四段结尾提到，在恒星后期和大爆炸后不久，原恒星很可能进化成一颗能够合成重元素的巨大恒星，所以C选项的陈述“原恒星在大爆炸时进化成巨大的恒星”是错误的，答案为C。
35．B 最后一段提到，电脑模拟的目的是揭开原恒星的形成之迹，同时对宇宙早期恒星的质量和特性进行更多的了解，另外，研究人员还希望将电脑模拟拓展到核反应引发中，而B选项“模拟早期宇宙的形成过程”不包括在电脑模拟的目的之中，所以正确选项为B。
参考译文
宇宙中最初的星辰是如何产生的?
多年来，最初的星辰是如何由尘埃和气体组成的问题一直困扰着人们，然而专家们说，现在一种最先进的电脑模拟系统可以提供宇宙中最初的星辰是如何产生的最详细的图片。
宇宙最初的构成同今天的有所不同，而且宇宙早期的主要物理现象也比较简单。Naoki'Yoshida 博士同他在日本和美国的同事一起整合了宇宙早期的各种情况，这一时期有时也被称为"宇宙的黑暗时代"，模拟了最终在夜空中闪耀的天体的形成过程。
这一研究的结果是对原恒星--宇宙中巨大的原始星辰的早期阶段形成的详细的描述并且有"宇宙的罗塞达石碑"之称的研究人员的电脑模拟系统，为进一步研究星体的形成过程奠定了基础。宇宙中最初的星辰是如何形成的问题非常重要，因为它们的形成及最终的爆炸为随后的星体的形成提供了种子。
根据研究人员的模拟系统，重力对物质、气体及宇宙大爆炸后形成的神秘的"黑暗物质" 的密度的微小变化产生了影响，从而形成了星辰的雏形--仅有太阳百分之一大的原恒星。
模拟系统为我们展示了组成早期星辰的气体是如何在早期宇宙简单的物理作用下演化形成了原恒星。Yoshida博士的模拟系统还展示了原恒星可能会在宇宙大爆炸刚刚结束就演化成能够合成重元
素的巨大的星体，而不是几代以后的星体才能合成。
哈佛大学天文学教授同时也是这项报告的合作者Lars Hernquist谈到："星体形成的总图和对比宇宙不同时期和区域星体如何形成的能力将最终让我们能够探索生命和星球的起源。
随着星体越来越多，宇宙中的各种元素更加充裕，而且星体的形成和毁灭继续将这些元素传播到宇宙的更深处。所以你想想我们身体的所有元素最初都形成于很久以前星体中心的核反应。"
对宇宙早期原恒星诞生的模拟意味着向拼接原始星体形成过程和预测宇宙中最初的星辰的质量和性质的宏伟目标迈出了关键的一步。要进行更进一步的计算和模拟就需要功能更强的电脑，更多的物理数据，甚至更广的研究范围，但是研究者希望最终能将这个模拟结果应用于核反应初期--也就是当一个星状物质变成真正的星辰的时候。
德克萨斯州立大学天文学助理教授，一篇相关论文的作者V olker Bromm说："Yoshida博士已经用这个模拟系统把对原始星体形成的研究推到了一个新的水平，但是这离我们最终的目标还很远。这就像是躺在摩天大楼的地基上。我们必须继续在这一领域的研究，从而了解最初的原恒星是如何一层一层长大并最终成为一颗巨大星体的。但是现在，物理现象越来越复杂，而且我们还需要更多的计算资源。"
第二篇
36．C[解析]本题是细节考查题。冰人尸体被发现的原因在文章的第一段提到。原文是："但是1991年是特别暖的一年，山上的冰比从前消融的更快，因此尸体才显露出来。"选项A"他躺在冰上"；选项B"两个德国人正在爬山"；选项C"融化的冰将他暴露出来"；选项D "他刚好在一个山口上"。因此只能选C。
37．B[解析]本题是阅读理解能力考查题。原题是：能从第二段推断出的是以下哪项? 选项B"冰人有可能死于头部伤口"；选项D"冰人背后受袭击而致死"；选项A"冰人工作时被杀害"；选项c"冰人生活贫困"。原文是"它面朝下，除了头部有伤外，骨架状况很好"，仅就此推断。冰人可能死于头部伤。因此答案是B。
38．B [解析]本题是细节考查题。原题是：下列哪项不属于人们对冰人作出的种种猜测?原文在第三段。选项A"他是一战时期的士兵"；选项B"他来自意大利"在文章中没有出现：选项C"他是一位瑞士妇女失踪多年的父亲"；选项D"他大约一千年前出生"。因此答案是B。
39．B[解析]本题是细节考查题。原题是：科学家对冰人的推论是什么?原文在第四段。选项A"他的肩膀被箭头刺伤"是事实而非推论；选项B"有可能参与过战斗"是推论；选项C"头后部有伤口"
2013年职称英语综合类B级真题及答案(基本完整版) 第1部分：词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有括号，请为每处括号部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1. Come out，or I’ll bust the door down. A shut B break C set D beat 2. The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area of town. A naked B blind C cautious D private 3. The rules are too rigid to allow for human error. A general B inflexible C complex D direct 4. It seemed incredible that he had been there a week already. A right B unbelievable C obvious D unclear 5. These animals migrate south annually in search of food. A explore B inhabit C prefer D travel 6. Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems. A send B hear C confirm D spread 7. She came across three children sleeping under a bridge. A found by chance B passed by C took a notice of D woke up 8. I have little information as regards her fitness for the post. A about B at C with D from 9. As a politician，he knows how to manipulate public opinion. A express B divide C influence D voice 10. He was tempted by the high salary offered by the company. A taught B kept C changed D attracted 11. He paused，waiting for her to digest the information. A withhold B exchange C understand D contact 12. Make sure the table is securely anchored. A repaired B cleared C booked D fixed 13. She gets aggressive when she is drunk.
05 I. Vocabulary(20 points) 1.Within days he became paralyzed, and people feared that he might die. But he _________. a. absorbed b. dissolved c. discovered d. recovered 2. Tilden, the other presidential ______, actually received more votes. a. advocate b. candidate c. sponsor d. opponent 3. An Olympic runner wins a _______. a. medal b. model c. modle d. modest 4. To find out how the bees managed to tell time, an unusual experiment was _______ four years ago. a. carried on b. carried away c. carried out d. carried out 5. Every society has its own peculiar custom and _____ of acting. a. ways b. behavior c. attitude d. means 6. They ______ their knowledge in the exploding world of ideas. a. modernize b. supply c. update d. upgrade 7. I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and ______ in a quiet neighborhood. a. all in all b. above all c. after all d over all 8. It’s difficult to divine what constitutes an ______ tip in any country. a. appropriate b. thoughtful c. considerable d. sufficient 9. Shipbuilders would not _____ their money unless they knew that they could make a profit. a. invest b. invent d. involve d. invite 10. At the end of four years, these six extra hours of each year ____ twenty-four hours, or one full day. a. add up to b. make up for c. come up with d. put up with 11. Don’t ______ this news to the public until we give you the go-head. a. release b. relieve c. relate d. retain 12. Earth is one of nine planets which ______ around the sun. a. spin b. roll c. rotate d. revolve 13. “No sense in you getting us both killed!” I yelled _____ him. a. at b. with c. to d. out 14. What you have done is ______ doctor’s orders. a. attached to b. responsible to c. resistant to d. contrary to 15. I want to express the _____ of all of us, for this wonderfully warm welcome. a. appreciation b. enjoyment d. evaluation d. reputation 16. We hire and ______ people mainly for their ability to do business. a. proceed b. progress c. promise d. promote 17. According to government mandate in the Lion City, tipping is not ______. a. admitted b. remitted c. permitted d. emitted 18. The environmental costs were regarded more as temporary inconveniences than as _____ liability. a. imaginative b. peculiar c. persistent d. original
职称英语考试卫生类(B类)试题及答案4 第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分） 下面有3篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题定1个选项。 Happy Therapy （诊疗） Norman Cousins was a businessman from the United States who often traveled around the world on business. He enjoyed his work and traveling. Then, after returning to the United States from a busy and tiring trip to Russia, Mr. Cousins got sick. Because he had pushed his body to the limit of its strength on the trip, a chemical change began to take place inside him. The material between his bones became weak. In less than one week after his return, he could not stand. Every move that he made was painful. He was not able to sleep at night. The doctors told Mr. Cousins that they did not know how to cure his problems and he might never get over the illness. Mr. Cousins, however, refused to give up hope. Mr. Cousins thought that unhappy thoughts were causing bad chemical changes in his body. He did not want to take medicine to cure himself. Instead, he felt that happy thoughts or laughter might cure his illness. He began to experiment on himself while still in the hospital by watching funny shows on television. Mr. Cousins quickly found that ten minutes of real laughter during the day gave him two hours of pain-free sleep at night, Deciding that the doctors could not help him, Mr. Cousins left the hospital and checked into a hotel room where he could continue his experiments with laughter. For eight days, Mr. Cousins rested in the hotel room watching funny shows on television, reading funny books, and sleeping whenever he felt tired. Within three weeks, he felt
2015年职称英语 综合类C级考试真题及答案 目录 词汇选项 (2) 阅读判断 (6) 概括大意与完成句子 (10) 阅读理解 (15) 补全短文 (23) 完形填空 (28)
词汇选项 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有下划线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分） 1 (单项选择题) Railways are the most important mode of transport for the economy. A.way B.factor C.objective D.source 2 (单项选择题) The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison. A.message B.guilt C.obligation D.punishment 3 (单项选择题) He said some harsh words about his brother. A.proper B.unkind
C.normal D.unclear 4 (单项选择题) I am going as a favor to Ann because I have to. A.partner B.drive C.guide D.help 5 (单项选择题) We need to identify the potential problems. A.possible B.main C.immediate https://www.doczj.com/doc/ef10887472.html,mon 6 (单项选择题) When did you first encounter these difficulties? A.create B.present C.experience D.resolve
全国职称英语考试历年真题及答案 理工类-A级 2003-2010 目录 1.2003年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (2) 2.2004年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (16) 3.2005年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (35) 4.2006年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (54) 5.2007年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (68) 6.2008年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (76) 7.2009年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (89) 8.2010年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (102)
2003年职称英语等级考试理工类A级试题及答案第一部分：词汇选项（第1—15题，每题1分，共15分） 下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 1. The union representative put across her argument very effectively. A explained B invented C considered D accepted 2. He talks tough but has a tender heart. A heavy B strong C kind D wild 3. It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy. A making B taking C discussing D expecting 4. Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing. A waste B buy C use D sell 5. The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters. A function B ability C power D volume 6. Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs. A tensely B nearly C carefully D closely 7. Her faith upheld her in times of sadness. A supported B excited C inspired D directed
职称英语卫生类B真题及答案 第1部分：词汇选项(第1。15题，每题1分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1 I believe that her account of what happened is very accurate. A simple B precise C vivid D close 2 He based his conclusion on the evidence given by the prisoner. A offered B worked C made D satisfied 3 The union called off the strike at the last minute yesterday. A cancelled B staged C lengthened D organized
4 I have earned a lot of money, but that is not the issue. A goal B task C key D point 5 There has been a lot of debate among us about the necessity to save money A talk B suggestions C discussion D ideas 6 The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in October. A show B mark C record D carry 7 He endured unbearable agonies before he finally passed away. A left B relaxed C died D slept
2013年度全国职称英语等级考试综合类（A级）试题及参考答案 职称英语考试历年真题汇总>>https://www.doczj.com/doc/ef10887472.html,/zZnTL （复制链接，点击“打开链接”即可访问） 更多精品备考资料在职称英语考试交流群：151033695 第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1. The rules are too rigid to allow for human error. A. inflexible B. general C. complex D. direct 2. This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed. A. turned dead B. passed by C. carried away D. become extinct 3. The contract between the two companies will expire soon. A. shorten B. end C. start D. resume 4. Three world-class tennis players came to content for this title. A. argue B. claim C. wish D. compete 5. The methods of communication used during the war were primitive. A. simple B. reliable C. effective D. alternative 6. Respect for life is a cardinal principle of the law. A. moral B. regular C. fundamental D. hard 7. The drinking water has became contaminated with lead. A. polluted B. treated C. tested D. corrupted 8. Come out, or I’ll bust the door down. A. shut B. set C. break D. beat 9. She shed a few tears at her daughter’s wedding. A. wiped B. injected C. produced D. removed 10. They didn’t seem to appreciate the magnitude of the problem. A. existence B. importance C. cause D. situation 11. The tower remains intact ever after two hundred years. A. unknown B. unusual C. undamaged D. unstable
2010年全国职称英语综合类（B级）考试真题及答案第一部分：词汇选项(第1-15题，每题1分。共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1．Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment． A．doubt B．anger C．love D．surprise 2．I want to provide my boys with a decent education. A．speeial B．private C．good D．general 3．Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners. A．polite B．similar C．usual D．bad 4．There was a profound silence after his remark. A．short B．deep C．proud D．sudden 5．The document was compiled by the Department of Health. A．printed B．attached C．written
6．In the process，the light energy converts to heat energy. A．change B．reduces C．leaves D．drops 7．Many cities have restricted smoking in public places. A．limited B．allowed C．stopped D．kept 8．The thief was finally captured two miles away from the village. A．killed B．jailed C．caught D．found 9．If we leave now，we should miss the traffic． A．mix B．avoid C．direct D．stop 10．What are my chances of promotion if I stay here? A．advancement B．replacement C．retirement D．adveaisement 11．We've seen a marked shift in our approach to the social issues．A．great
职称英语考试卫生类(C类)试题及答案6 Happy Therapy (诊疗) Norman Cousins was a businessman from the United States who often traveled around the world on business. He enjoyed his work and traveling. Then, after returning to tile United States from a busy and tiring trip to Russia, Mr. Cousins got sick. Because he had pushed his body to the limit of its strength on the trip, a chemical change began to take place inside him. The material between his bones became weak. In less than one week after his return, he could not stand. Every move that he made was painful. He was not able to sleep at night. The doctors told Mr. Cousins that they did not know how to cure his problems and he might never get over the illness. Mr. Cousins, however, refused to give up hope. Mr. Cousins thought that unhappy thoughts were causing bad chemical changes in his body. He did not want to take medicine to cure himself. Instead, he felt that happy thoughts or laughter might cure his illness. He began to experiment on himself while still in the hospital by watching funny shows on television. Mr. Cousins quickly found that ten minutes of real laughter during the day gave him two hours of pain-free sleep at night. Deciding that the doctors could not help him, Mr. Cousins left the hospital and checked into a hotel room where he could continue his experiments with laughter. For eight days, Mr. Cousins rested in the hotel room watching funny shows on television, reading funny books, and sleeping whenever he felt tired. Within three weeks, he felt well enough to take a vacation to Puerto Rico where he began running on the beach for
最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！ 洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：https://www.doczj.com/doc/ef10887472.html,/ielts/xd.html（报名网址）PASSAGE 26 Looking to the Future When a magazine for high-school students asked its readers what life would be like in twenty years, they said: Machines would be run by solar power. Buildings would rotate so they could follow the sun to take maximum advantage of its light and heat Walls would "radiate light" and "change color with the push of a button." Food would be replaced by pills. School would be taught "by electrical impulse while we sleep." Cars would have radar. Does this sound like the year 2000? Actually, the article was written in 1958 and the question was, "what will life be like in 1978?" The future is much too important to simply guess about, the way the high school students did, so experts are regularly asked to predict accurately. By carefully studying the present, skilled businessmen, scientists, and politicians are supposedly able to figure out in advance what will happen. But can they? One expert on cities wrote: Cities of the future would not be crowded, but would have space for farms and fields. People would travel to work in "airbuses", large all-weather helicopters carrying up to 200 passengers. When a person left the airbus station he could drive a coin-operated car equipped with radar. The radar equipment of cars would make traffic accidents "almost unheard of". Does that sound familiar? If the expert had been accurate it would, because he was writing in 1957. His subject was "The city of 1982". If the professionals sometimes sound like high-school students, it's probably because future study is still a new field. But economic forecasting, or predicting what the economy will do, has been around for a long time. It should be accurate, and generally it is. But there have been some big market in the field, too. In early 1929, most forecasters saw an excellent future for the stock market. In October of that year, the stock market had its worst losses ever, ruining thousands of investors who had put their faith in financial foreseers. One forecaster knew that predictions about the future would always be subject to significant error. In 1957, H.J.Rand of the Rad corporation was asked about the year 2000, "Only one thing is certain," he answered. "Children born today will have reached the age of 43." 1. The high-school students' answers to "What would life be like in 1978?" sound A) accurate. B) imaginative. C) correct. D) foolish. 2. According to the writer, forecasting is fairly accurate in A) politics. B) science. C) sociology. D) economy. 3. Which of the following statements is not compatible with the writer's comment on future study?
2010年全国职称英语综合类（B级）考试真题及答案 第一部分：词汇选项(第1-15题，每题1分。共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1．Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment． A．doubt B．anger C．love D．surprise 2．I want to provide my boys with a decent education. A．speeial B．private C．good D．general 3．Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners. A．polite B．similar C．usual D．bad 4．There was a profound silence after his remark. A．short B．deep C．proud D．sudden
5．The document was compiled by the Department of Health. A．printed B．attached C．written D．sent 6．In the process，the light energy converts to heat energy. A．change B．reduces C．leaves D．drops 7．Many cities have restricted smoking in public places. A．limited B．allowed C．stopped D．kept 8．The thief was finally captured two miles away from the village. A．killed B．jailed C．caught D．found 9．If we leave now，we should miss the traffic． A．mix B．avoid C．direct
职称英语卫生类A级考试真题及答案 2011年职称英语考试已于今天结束，2011年职称英语卫生类A级考试真题及答案 一、词汇选项 1. urging (pushing) 2. tolerate (stand ) 3.obsecure ( unclear) 4. trembling (shaking) 5. steady (continious) 6. grasp ( undestasnd) 7. provoked (caused) 8. finds faults with (criticizes) 9. approach (handle ) 10. remarking (saying ) 11. hailed (praised ) 12. asserted (maintained) 13. considerabaly (greatly) 14. scared (afraid) 15. vigorous (energetic ) 二、阅读判断 16-22参考答案BCABACB 标题：Relieving the Pain 主旨大意：运动对于治疗各种痛疼有益处 16. To treat pain, patients should stop moving around
答案：B（wrong：错） 17. Headaches are partly caused by lack of excecise 答案：C（not mentioned：未提及） 18. Exercise helps to take the pressure off the site of pain 答案：A（right：正确） 19. Doctors often use drugs such as endprphins to treat patients 答案：B（wrong：错） 20. Backache sufferers often end up taking more than one drug to kill pain 答案：A（right：正确） 21. Excercises helps pain sufferers to recover more quickly than traditional treatment 答案：C（not mentioned：未提及） 22. New pain clinc ask patients to give up drugs completely 答案：B（wrong：错） 三、概括大意与完成句子 23-26参考答案DECA 标题：Owls and Larks 主旨大意：早起的人和晚起的人的差别及形成原因 23. 答案：D （why do we need sleep?） 24. 答案：E (what makes paople owls or larks ?) 25. 答案：C ( which is better,being an owl or a lark?) 26. 答案：A (What should we avoid ?) 完成句子 27-30参考答案：FDAB
2010年中石油职称英语考试真题及参考答案 I. Vocabulary Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. 1. It is possible to predict how much energy and water a building will consume, how much _______ will be needed. A. matter B. things C. material D. substance 2. They found that the positive thinkers sold 37 percent more insurance than did the_______ thinkers. A. negative B. positive C. active D. passive 3. In labs around the world, bad bugs are undergoing the ultimate rehabilitation, being _______ from life-threatening viruses and bacteria into lifesaving therapeutic agents. A. translated B. transported C. transformed D. transmitted 4. The fresh air is sometimes humid from the _______rainfall of this area. A. numerous B. abundant C. plenty D. substantive 5. We know that many animals _______ the deep seas at pressures of 15,000 pounds per square inch. A. live on B. live in C. live through D. live up to 6. Speakers and writers of the Germanic languages _______for a great deal of the world's output in everything from economics to literature to military to science and technology. A. account B. allow C. apply D. arrange 7. _______of the great state of Illinois, let me express my deepest gratitude for the privilege of addressing this convention. A. On account B. In honor C. In place D. On behalf 8. The companies that are finding ways to hang on to their older workers _______ from an intangible commodity: wisdom. A. obtain B. earn C. develop D. benefit 9. I raced to_______ Jill. A. keep on B. keep up with C. come up with D. come up to 10. Managers need to monitor inflation trends so they can make good _______.