北京市丰台区2020—2021学年度高三第一学期期末英语考试(含答案)

丰台区2020-2021学年度第一学期期中练习高三英语期中练习答案及评分参考2020.11笔试部分（共100分）一、完形填空（共10小题，15分。

每小题1.5分）1-5 BCCAD 6-10ABCBD二、语法填空（共10小题，15分。

每小题1.5分）11.waving 12. ran 13. mine 14. what 15. is pictured/ has been pictured16.destinations 17. who/that 18. more important 19. on 20. communication三、阅读理解（共14小题，28分。

每小题2分）21-25 ABADC 26-30 CBAAD 31-34 ABCB四、七选五（共5小题，10分。

每小题2分）35-39 DAGBF五、阅读回答问题（共5小题，12分。

1-4题每小题2分，5小题4分）40.Because the only one train a day back to her home in Sydney had already left./ Because the train back to her home had left./Because she didn’t catch the train to her home.41．He made the author a sandwich for lunch and found a lift for her./He offered/provided lunch to her (treated/invited her to lunch) and found a lift for her. 42．Because she thought it was another chance to repay someone for the favour she’d been given decades earlier./Because she wanted to repay for the favour(kindness) she got before.43．Kindness can be passed and rewarded./A good turn deserves another./Good deeds will pay off./44．I'll run over and have a talk with him. If it’s serious, I’ll send him to the hospital by taxi. If it’s not, I’ll help him call his children or send him home. I think helping with each other warms the world.（二）书面表达评分参考：1．第一档: （20~15分）（很好）完全完成试题规定的任务。

丰台区2021年高三年级第二学期综合练习（一）英语2021. 03本试卷满分共100分考试时间90分钟注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、年级、班级、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹签字笔填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的准考证号、姓名，在答题卡的“条形码粘贴区“贴好条形码。

2.本次考试所有答题均在答题卡上完成。

选择题必须使用2B铅笔以正确填涂方式将各小题对应选项涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦除干净后再选涂其它选项。

非选择题必须使用标准黑色字迹签字笔书写，要求字体工整、字迹清楚。

3.请严格按照答题卡上题号在相应答题区内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试卷、草稿纸上答题无效。

4.请保持答题卡卡面清洁，不要装订、不要折叠、不要破损。

第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

This was the fifth time I'd been to the National Annual Competition. Reportershad been saying that I looked unbeatable. Everyone expected me to 1 . But I knewsomething was 2 because I couldn't get this one picture out of my head: apicture of me, falling. "Go away," I'd say. But the image wouldn't 3 .It was time to skate. The music started, slowly, and I told myself, "Have fun,Michael! If s just a（n） 4Once the music picked up, I started skating faster.I'd practiced the routine so many times, and I didn't have to think about 5 came next. But when I came down from the jump, my foot slipped from under me. I put a hand on the ice to 6 myself but it didn't do any good.Things kept getting 7 . On a triple flip（三周跳） I spun through the air, and just as I landed, my whole body went down again. There I was, flat on the ice, with the whole world 8 .I didn't think Fd be able to pull myself together. But as I got up, I heard an amazing 9 . People were clapping in time to the music. They were trying to give me courage.I wasn't surprised by my scores. However, the audience's clapping woke me up! I was so busy trying not to 10 that I forgot to feel what was in my heart—the love for skating.1. A. win B. enjoy C. share D. relax2. A. challenging B. missing C. wrong D. dangerous3. A. return B. leave C. appear D. stay4. A. sport B. activity C. picture D. accident5. A. when B. why C. who D. what6. A. prepare B. catch C. comfort D. measure7. A. clearer B. easier C. heavier D. worse8. A. watching B. expecting C. ignoring D. changing9. A. voice B. story C. sound D. idea10. A. collapse B. resist C. fall D. escape第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

2020-2021学年北京市丰台区丰台第一中学高三英语下学期期末试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AOvernight French ToastWhat You’ll Need•16-ounce loaf of French bread•5 eggs•1 1 /2 cups milk•1/2 cup half-and-half•1/3 cup maple syrup（枫糖浆）•1/2 teaspoon salt•foil（锡箔纸）•2 tablespoons melted butter（for topping）•2 tablespoons maple syrup（for topping）What to Do•With an adult’s help, cut the bread into 1-inch slices.•Place the eggs, milk, half-and-half, maple syrup, and salt into a large bowl. Stir（揽拌）the mixture until blended（混合均匀）.•Place the sliced bread into a baking dish. Pour the mixtureover the bread and press the slices into it. Cover the dish with foil and refrigerate overnight.•Remove the dish from the refrigerator at least one hour before baking. Ask an adult for help to preheat the oven to 375°F. Bake the French toast for 35 minutes or until golden brown.•For the topping, combine the melted butter and 2 tablespoons of maple syrup. Pour it over the French toast before serving.1.How much salt will you need to make a French toast?A.1/3 cup.B.1/2 teaspoon.C.2 tablespoons.D.16 ounces.2.How will you use foil?A.Place the sliced breadB.Cover the dish.C.Remove the dish.D.Eat the French toast.3.Who is the passage written for?A.Teachers.B.Parents.C.Cooks.D.Kids.BMost children who have suffered from ADHD still have it as teens. During teen years, especially as the hormonal changes of teenagers are going on and the demands of school and extra-curricular activities are increasing, ADHD may get worse.Because of problems with getting unfocused and poor concentration, many teens with ADHD have problems in school. Grades may fall, especially if the teen is not getting ADHD treatment. It’s not uncommon for teens with ADHD to forget their homework, lose textbooks, and become bored with their daily class work. Teens may become inattentive or extremely attentive, not waiting for their turn before blurting out answers. They may cut in on their teacher and classmates. Teens with ADHD may also befidgetyand find it hard to sit still in class.Often, teens with ADHD are so busy focusing on other things that they forget about the task at hand. This can be seen especially with homework and athletic skills and in relationships with their schoolmates. This lack of attention to what they’re doing often leads to bad grades on tests and being passed over for sports teams, after-school activities, and learning teams. Kids with ADHD can be targets for bullying, too. But, not all children with ADHD have trouble getting along with others. If your child does, you can take measures to help improve their social skills and relationships.ADHD affects all parts of a teenager’s life. As a parent you should discover your teen’s troubles as early as possible. The earlier your child’s troubles are discovered, the more successful the following steps can be.4. What does the author plan to do in paragraph 1?A. To list the types of ADHD.B. To introduce the main topic.C. To show the author’s opinion.D. To explain the causes of ADHD.5. What does the underlined word “fidgety” probably mean in paragraph 2?A. Clever.B. Noisy.C. Restless.D. Lazy.6. What is the text mainly about?A. Ways to deal with ADHD.B. Effects of ADHD on teens.C. Teens’ school performances.D. Demands of school work.7. What may the following paragraph talk about?A. How parents can help a teen with ADHD.B. The importance of healthy peer relationships.C. How many children are suffering from ADHD. D. Different opinions about treating ADHD in teens.COne billion people in the world are short of water. How can this problem be solved. Some suggestions have been to desalinate ocean water or to build enormous water pipelines from areas where water is abundant. (Suggestions such as these prove extremely expensive when they are actually used.) One possibility that scientists are considering is pulling icebergs from either the North Pole or the South Pole to parts of the world with a water shortage. Although many questions must be answered before such a project could be tried, moving icebergs seems a reasonable possibility in the future.Engineers, mathematicians, and glaciologists from a dozen countries have been considering the iceberg as a future source of water. Saudi Arabia is particularly interested in this project because it has a great water shortage. Scientists estimate that it would take 128 days to transport a large iceberg (about 1/2 square mile) to Saudi Arabia. Yet the iceberg would be completely melted by the 104th day. Therefore, insulation would be essential, but how to insulate the iceberg remains an unsolved problem.The problems in transporting an iceberg are numerous. The first problem is choosing the iceberg to pull. The icebergs that form in the North Pole are quite difficult to handle because of their shape. Only a small portion extends above the water — most of the iceberg is below the surface, which would make it difficult to pull. South Pole icebergs, on the other hand, are flat and float like table tops. Thus they would be much easier to move.How can a 200-million-ton iceberg be moved. No ship is strong enough to pull such enormous weight through the water. Perhaps several ships could be used. Attaching ropes to an iceberg this size is also an enormous problem. Engineers think that large nails or long metal rods could be driven into the ice. What would happen if the iceberg splits into several pieces during the pulling. Even if an iceberg with very few cracks were chosen, how could it be pulled through stormy waters. Furthermore, once the iceberg reached its destination, very few ports would be deep enough to store it.All of these problems must be solved before icebergs can become a reasonable source of water. Yet scientists estimate that it will be possible to transport them in the near future. Each year, enough icebergs form to supply the whole world with fresh water for a full year. In addition, icebergs are free and nonpolluting. As a solution to the world’s water problems, icebergs may be a workable possibility.8. What is a problem in transporting iceberg?A. The size of the iceberg.B. The colour of the iceberg.C. The salt in the iceberg.D. The movement of air and water.9. What is the author’ attitude towards transporting iceberg?A. Pessimistic.B. Objective.C. Optimistic.D. Unconcerned.10. What does the last paragraph mainly tell us?A. It is hard to use iceberg.B. Iceberg are a good choice.C. There are problems with iceberg.D. Man finds no other ways to solve water shortage.11. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Shortage of water.B. Icebergs for water.C. Scientists and icebergs.D. Iceberg—scientists headache.DMany of us in China enjoy adding chilies (辣椒) toour food, but did you know that this spicy vegetable could also be dangerous? A 34-year-oldUSman recently ended up in hospital after eating a Carolina Reaper—the spiciest chili in the world. After taking just a single bite of one, the man suffered from serious headaches in the following few days, reported BBC News.In fact, reports of stomachache and headache caused by eating spicy food are not something unusual. But if chilies are harmful, why is it that human beings are the only animals to eat this vegetable? According to the website Huanqiu, about 600 million Chinese people—almost half of the national population—are chili eaters. So what makes people love chilies so much? The human body reacts to the burning feeling that comes from eating chilies by releasing natural chemicals that “produce a sense of happiness” , noted BBC News.And the benefits go even further than just personal enjoyment. A survey conducted by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences found that the death rate of those who eat spicy food once or twice a week is 10 percent lower than those who eat it less than once a week. The number decreased to 14 percent for those who eat spicy food six to seven times a week. And another study done by theUniversityofVermontcame to a similar conclusion. “The data encourages people to eat more spicy food to improve health and reduce death risk at an early age,” Liu Qi, a nutritionist at the Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, told BBC News.Chilies have anti-cancer quality and the ability to increase our metabolism (新陈代谢). So, don't worry if youlove spicy food. It seems that chilies are actually good for us—except for the Carolina Reaper, perhaps.12. The example of a 34-year-old American is mentioned in Paragraph 1 to prove ________.A. chiliescan be beneficialB. chilies are popular inAmericaC. chilies can be dangerousD. serious headaches can be dangerous13. Eating chilies gives people a sense of happiness by_______.A. decreasing death rateB. releasing natural chemicalsC. curing serious headachesD. providing enough nutrition14. Which of the following statement is TRUE?A. Human are the only animals to eat chilies.B. Stomachache and headaches caused by chilies is something unusual.C. The more chilies you eat, the healthier you are.D. Chilies have anti-cancer quality but it can't increase our metabolism.15. The writer wrote the passage to ________.A. warn people of the dangers of chiliesB. ask people to eat Carolina ReaperC. encourage people to eat more chiliesD. tell people the benefits of chilies第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020-2021学年北京市丰台区丰台第一中学高三英语第四次联考试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AIt looks like 2017 is shaping up to be a record-breaking year in movie History. Here is a list of some of the year’s biggest blockbusters so far.Kong: Skull IslandA reboot (重启) of King Kong would normally get laughed at in this day and age, but it looks like this modem version of the story will be worth watching. With US actress Brie Larson and UK actor Tom Hiddleston in the mix, this film is set to be this year’s biggest monster tale.Release Date:3/10/17Beauty and the BeastDirector Bill Condon is bringing back a part of our childhood in live action, complete with the songs we all remember and love. With British stars Emma Watson and Dan Stevens leading thecast, the classic Walt Disney story already sounds like it’ll be a delight for both children and adults.Release Date:3/17/17The Fate of the FuriousThere was doubt that we’d even get a Fast 8, especially after the fitting ending US actor Paul Walker’s character was given at the end of Furious 7. Fans thought they’d never see Dom and the rest of the crew back in action, but thankfully, US star Vin Diesel himself confirmed that The Fate of the Furious is fueling up for another go.Release Date:4/14/17Spider-Man: HomecomingSpider Man is heading home to Marvel Studios for the first time. The movie will show us Peter Parker’s high school days, and will continue the threads we saw formed during his initial appearance in Captain America: Civil War. We know that Michael Keaton is playing The Vulture in this story, and that both Happy Hogan and Tony Stark, played by US actors Jon Favreau and Robert Downey Jr., are along for the ride.Release Date:7/7/171.Which of the following movies can’t you see on May Day?A.Kong: Skull Island.B.Beauty and the Beast.C.The Fate of the Furious.D.Spider-Man: Homecoming.2.What can we know about Beauty and the Beast?A.It is fueling up for another go.B.It is produced by Marvel StudiosC.It’ll show us Peter Parker’s school days.D.It’ll be enjoyable for both children and adults.3.What does the underlined word “cast” probably mean?A.Characters.B.Actors.C.Directors.D.Teachers.BCuckoos don’t bother building their own nests—they just lay eggs that perfectly imitate those of other birds and take over their nests. But other birds are wishing up, evolving some seriously impressive tricks to spot the cuckoo eggs.Cuckoos are often know asparasites, meaning that they hide their eggs in the nest of other species. To avoid detection, the cuckoos have evolved so that eggs seem reproduction of those of their preferred targets. If the host bird doesn’t notice the strange egg in its nest, the little cuckoo will actually take the entire nest for itself after it comes out, taking the other eggs on its back and dropping them out of the nest.To avoid this unpleasant fate for their young, the other birds have evolved a few smart ways to spot the fakes, which we’re only now beginning to fully understand. One of the most amazing finds is that birds have an extra colour-sensitive cell in their eyes, which makes them far more sensitive to ultraviolet wavelengths and allows them to see a far greater range of colours than humans can. This allows cautious birds to detect a fake egg which might be exactly the same to our eyes.Fascinatingly, we’re actually able to observe different bird species at very different points in their evolutionary war with the cuckoos. For instance, some cuckoos lay their eggs in the nests of the redstarts. The blue eggs these cuckoos lay are practically alike to those of the redstarts, and yet they are still sometimes rejected. Compare that with cuckoos who target dunnocks. While those birds lay perfectly blue eggs, their cuckoo invaders just lay white eggs with brown irregular shaped spots. And yet dunnocks barely ever seem to notice the obvious trick.Biologists suspect these more easily fooled species like the dunnocks are on the same evolutionary path as the redstarts, but they have a long way to go until they evolve the same levels of suspicion. What’s remarkable is that the dunnocks fakes are so bad and the redstart ones so good, and yet cuckoos are still more successful with the former than the latter.It speaks to just how thoroughly a species’ behavior can be changed by the pressures of natural selection, or it might just be a bit of strategic cooperation on the part of the dunnocks. Biologists have suggested that these birds are willing to tolerate a parasite every so often because they don’t want to risk accidentally getting rid of one of their own eggs.4. This passage can be most likely found in a ________.A. science surveyB. nature magazineC. zoo advertisementD. travel journal5. What does the underlined word “parasite” in paragraph 2 most probably refer to?A. Animals that work together to raise young.B Small harmful animals such as worms or mice.C. Animals that can adapt to changing environments.D. Animals which live on or inside other host animals.6. Which of the following is TRUE about the dunnock according to the passage?A. It is colour-blind and therefore cannot identify foreign eggs in the nest.B. It can easily remove cuckoo eggs from the nest because fakes are so bad.C. It is a host bird that is more likely to raise a cuckoo chick than the redstart.D. It is unable to evolve and hence accepts cuckoo eggs that appear in the nest.7. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. Dunnocks may eventually learn to recognise foreign eggs.B. Redstarts seem to be less suspicious compared to dunnocks.C. Cuckoo birds are good at taking responsibility for their own young.D. It is very easy for cuckoos to imitate the colouring of the dunnock’s egg.COne day, when I was working as a psychologist（心理学家）in England, an adolescent boy showed up in my office. It was David. He kept walking up and down restlessly, his face pale, and his hands shaking slightly. His head teacher had referred him to me.“This boy has lost his family,” he wrote. “He is understandably very sad andrefuses to talk to others, and I’m very worried about him. Can you help?”I looked at David and showed him to a chair. How could I help him? There are problems psychology doesn’t have the answer to, and which no words can describe. Sometimes the best thing one can do is to listen openly and sympathetically（同情）The first two times we met, David didn’t say a word. He sat there, only looking up to look at the children’s drawings on the wall behind me. I suggested we play a game of chess. He nodded. After that he played chess with me every Wednesday afternoon---in complete silence and without looking at me. It’s not easy to cheat in chess, but I admit I made sure David won once or twice.Usually, he arrived earlier than agreed, took the chess board and pieces from the shelf and began setting them up before I even got a chance to sit down. It seemed as if he enjoyed my company（陪伴）. But why did he never look at me?“Perhaps he simply needs someone to share his pain with,” I thought. “Perhaps he senses that I respect his suffering.” Some months later, when we were playing chess, he looked up at me suddenly.“It’s your tum,” he said.After that day, David started talking. He got friends in school and joined a bicycle club. He wrote to me a few times, about his biking with some friends, and about his plan to get into university. Now he had really started to live his own life.Maybe I gave David something. But I also learned that one…without any words---can reach out to another person. All it takes is a hug, a shoulder to cry on, a friendly touch, and an ear that listens.8. When he first met the author, David .A. felt a little excitedB. looked a little nervousC. walked energeticallyD. showed up with his teacher9. David enjoyed being with the author because he .A. wanted to ask the author for adviceB. liked the children’s drawings in the officeC. beat the author many times in the chess gameD. needed to share sorrow with the author10. What can be inferred about David?A. He liked biking before he lost his family.B. He recovered after months of treatment.C. He went into university soon after starting to talk.D. He got friends in school before he met the author.11. What made David change?A. The author’s silent communication with him.B. His teacher’s help.C. The author’s friendship.D. His exchange of letters with the author.DBack about 20 months ago I started college and just struggled with everything, such as classes and friends. I quickly became depressed and angry at myself for not being about to do better in school, in addition to lack of friends due to poor social and communication skills.This went on for months until my 19th birthday. My parents sent me a cake, which was a great cake. But I remember having this large cake and ly no one to share it with. I ended throwing out the cake after having one piece, with about 90 % of it leftover. That night I was depressed that I decided to go outside to the freezing temperature of the winter and run. I put my earphones in, went outside and ran about 2 miles at 11 p.m. on my birthday.When I got back inside I was content. I was proud of what I was able to do. The next night I did the same. I wasn’t quick or fit but you know that I went outside and did something. This continued for about 2 months until I finally worked up the courage to go to the gym, where I started swimming again as I used to in high school. A month went by and I started lifting weights and continually running.Looking back I can see that exercise helped cure my depression but it didn’t only do that. At the gym I met new friends and back at my dorm I grew confidence to go to the end of the hall seeing people playing Super Smash Brothers and ask if I could join.So go forward to present now. I exercise every day and look forward to that hour and a half I get daily to do what I love with people who love it as well. I hope this helps someone who may be or have been in a similar situation.12. What made the author decide to run at night?A. His l9th birthday.B. His parents’ cake.C. His loneliness.D. His friends.13. Which of the following best describes the author?A. Traditional.B. Determined.C. Humorous.D. Generous.14. What is the biggest benefit of the author’s running?A. Regaining his confidence.B. Losing his weight.C. Playing with his brothers.D. Joining other activities.15. Why do you think the author wrote this passage?A. To recall his life in college.B. To show his gratitude to his parents.C. To emphasize the importance of friendship.D. To share his experience of dealing with hardship.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020-2021学年北京市丰台区丰台路中学高三英语下学期期末考试试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ATheBest Placeto Camp in Each StateWashington-SecondBeach, Olympic National ParkCampers put up their tents right on the sand of thisPacific Northwestbeach. Make a campfire, photograph sunset over the sea and try to absorb this charming spot with your entire being.Alaska-Bartlett Cove Campground, Glacier (冰川) Bay National ParkIn a state full of natural riches,Glacier Bayis a wonder, home to high peaks, whales, 700 miles of coastline, and light blue glaciers that flow directly into the sea. Set within temperate rainforest along Bartlett Cove, the park's only campground is impressively green and an easy jumping-off point for boat tours.Arizona-Havasupai Campground, Havasupai ReservationGetting to Havasupai is a challenge. Permits are snatched (剥夺) up almost instantly, and even if you get one it's a 10-mile hike from the border to reach this rural campground that hugs Havasu Creek. Make the journey, however, and you're rewarded with a series of great waterfalls and natural pools.Arkansas-BuffaloNationalRiverAmerica's first national river travels 135 miles through the Ozark Mountains, winding its way over rapids, forming peaceful pools and passing rocky cliffs topped by green forest. Plan a float trip and absorb the scenery ata leisurely pace, pausing for hikes to visitLostValley's caves or the 200-foot waterfalls.1.Which state may attract people preferring glaciers?A.Alaska.B.Washington.C.Arizona.D.Arkansas.2.What makesArizonaa popular camp choice among tourists?A.The blue glaciers and green rainforests.B.The winding national river and cliffs.C.The soaring peaks and long coastline.D.The beautiful waterfalls and pools.3.What can you do when camping inArkansas?A.Take a long trip on foot.B.Visit caves and waterfalls.C.Put up a well-equipped tent.D.Enjoy a view of sunset.BAt the age of 50, Nina Schoen expects to have a long lifeahead of her, but has thought a lot about death—and why people are so reluctant to talk about it: “It’s going to happen to all of us,” she says, “but it should be a more positive experience than the fear we put into it.”When she first heard about a new end-of-life process that turns the body into compost (堆肥), “I was really moved by the idea,” says Schoen, who became one of the first to reserve a spot with a Seattle-based company called Recompose, the county’s first funeral home to offer human composting.Last year Recompose began transforming bodies to soil, more formally known as natural organic reduction. Before that, end-of-life options in the U.S. were limited to burial or cremation (火化), both of which come with environmental costs—U.S. cremations alone dump 1.7 billion pounds of carbon dioxide into theatmosphere every year.Katrina Spade pioneering the composting movement has spent a decade developing the process in hopes of offering people a greener option for death care. “I wondered, ‘What if we had a choice that helps the planet rather than harms it?’” Spade tells PEOPLE. “To know that the last gesture you’ll make will be gentle and beneficial and it just feels like the right thing to do.”After she had her own two sons, she began to wonder what she might do with her body after death. A friend who knew her interest in the topic reminded her that farmers sometimes compost the body of cows, and thatsparkedan idea for her theory: “If you can compost a cow, you can probably compost a human,” she thought, and she set about designing a facility to do just that.“This is about giving people another choice,” Spade says. “At first, people react with shock—‘You really can do that?’ But so many people today are looking at their impact on the Earth. This is a popular thing because when you die, you can give back to the planet.”4. How do people react when it comes to death according to paragraph 1?A. They are unwilling to comment.B. They can face it without fear.C. They feel it a positive experience.D. They would like to compost their bodies.5. What can we know about the company Recompose?A. Its CEO is Katrina Spade.B. It is located in Seattle.C. It was founded to resist cremation.D. It has spent 10 years composting bodies.6. What does the underlined word “sparked” probably mean?A. Changed.B. Compromised.C. Quitted.D. Inspired.7. What message does the author seem to convey in the text?A. A little things in our life can bring in big outcomes.B. We human beings should do all we can to help the earth.C. Composting is so popular that we should reserve a spot soon.D. We should reject burial because of its harm to environment.CIs renting clothes greener than buying them? Sustainable (可持续的) fashion expert Elizabeth Cline isn’t sure. Clothing renting is a hot new industry and businessmen are trying to attract shoppers who care about the environment. Last summer alone,Urban Outfitters, Macy’s, Bloomingdale’s American EagleandBanana Republicall announced renting services – a sure sign of changing times.But is renting fashion actually more environmentally-friendly than buying it? And if so, how much more? Journalist and author Elizabeth Cline researched this question in a feature article for Elle, and she concluded that it’s not as sustainable as it seems.Take shipping for example, which has to go two ways if an item is rented – receiving and returning. Cline writes that consumer transportation has the second largest carbon footprint of our collective fashion habit after manufacturing.Then there’s the burden of washing, which has to happen for every item when it’s returned, regardless of whether or not it was worn. For most renting services, this usually means dry-cleaning, which is a polluting process. All the renting services that Cline looked into have replaced perchloroethylene, a carcinogenic (致癌的) air pollutants that’s still used by 70 percent of US dry cleaners, with hydrocarbon (碳氢化合物) alternatives, although these aren’t great either. They can produce harmful waste and air pollution if not handled correctly.Lastly, Cline fears that renting services will increase our appetite for fast fashion, simply because it’s so easily accessible. There’s something called “share-washing” that makes people have more wasteful behaviors because a product or service is shared and thus is considered more eco-friendly. Uber is one example of this: advertised as away to share rides and reduce car ownership, and yet it has been proven to discourage walking, bicycling and public transportation use.Renting clothes is still preferable to buying them cheap and throwing them into the bin after wearing them a few times, but we shouldn’t let the availability of these services make us self-satisfied. There’s an even better step – and that’s wearing what we already have.8. What do we know about Elizabeth Cline from the passage?A. She is trying to attract shoppers.B. She is an expert and journalist.C. She has created “share-washing”.D. She never rents clothes.9. Why does renting services increase people’s appetite for fast fashion?A. Because it is handled correctly.B. Because it is transported easily.C. Because it is fairly eco-friendly.D. Because it is easily accessible.10. What can we infer from the passage?A. Clothing renting became popular ten years ago.B. Consumer transportation has the largest carbon footprint.C. Renting clothes deserves further consideration.D. Uber is a good example of sharing rides.11. Which section of a newspaper does the text probably come from?A. Environment.B. Technology.C. Travel.D. Medicine.DAbout a month after I joined Facebook, I got a call from Lori Goler, a highly regarded senior director of marketing at eBay. She made it clear this was a business call. “I want to apply to work with you at Facebook,” she said. “Instead of recommending myself, I want to ask you: What is your biggest problem, and how can I solve it?”My jaw hit the floor. I had hired thousands of people over the previous decade and no one had ever said anything remotely like that. People usually focus on finding the right role for themselves, with the implication that their skills will help the company. Lori put Facebook’s needs front and center. It was a killer approach. I responded, “Recruiting is my biggest problem. And, yes, you can solve it.”Lori never dreamed she would work in recruiting, but she jumped in. She even agreed to trade earnings for acquiring new skills in a new field. Lori did a great job running recruiting and within months was promoted to her current job, leading People@Facebook.The most common metaphor for careers is a ladder, but this concept no longer applies to most workers. As of 2010, the average American had eleven jobs from the ages of eighteen to forty-six alone. Lori often quotes Pattie Sellers, who came up with a much better metaphor: “Careers are a jungle gym, not a ladder.”As Lori describes it, there’s only one way to get to the top of a ladder, but there are many ways to get to the top of a jungle gym. The jungle gym model benefits everyone, but especially women who might be starting careers, switching careers, getting blocked by external barriers, or reentering the workforce after taking time off. The ability to create a unique path with occasional dips, detours (弯路), and even dead ends presents great views of many people, not just those at the top. On a ladder, most climbers are stuck staring at the butt of the person above.12. Why did Lori make the call?A. She helped Facebook to solve the biggest problem.B. She wanted to make a business deal with Facebook.C. She tried to ask for a pay rise in Facebook.D. She wanted to become an employee in Facebook.13. What impressed “I” by Lori?A. Lori was good at running recruiting.B. Lori attached great importance to Facebook’s needs.C. Lori jumped in Facebook with no adequate experience.D. Lori was skilled in marketing at eBay.14. What can we infer from the passage?A. Now all people don’t tend to climb the ladder.B. None on the ladder can enjoy the great views.C. Jungle gyms offer limited exploration for employees.D. A pregnant woman, jobless, benefits little from the jungle gyms.15. What is the best title of the passage?A. It’s a Jungle Gym, Not a Ladder.B. Facebook’s Biggest Problem.C. Applying for a Job in Facebook.D. A Jungle Gym is Better than a Ladder.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

北京市丰台区2021-2022学年度第二学期综合练习（一）高三英语2022.03本试卷共12页，100分。

考试时长90分钟。

考生务必将答案答隹答题卡上。

在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并收回。

笔试（共三部分100分）第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分.共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Though new term had begun for weeks, the new girl Molly still remained 1 around her classmates. Now she was sitting around picnic table alone. She seemed unsure of what to do or say, yet I could see her eyes longing for 2 .Brianna, the class clown, was standing near the playground making the other students laugh, as usual. “Brianna, Molly looks awfully 3 . Would you invite her to join us?" I said.Brianna sighed. I could tell that she was 4 to do what I was asking of her, but I also knew she was so sweet and kind. I had specifically 5 her for this task. She looked at her friends, then at Molly.Knowing this choice was 6 her, I reached into my pocket and pulled out a D-buck, our class currency（货币). I needed to 7 her cooperation.“Here, I’ll 8 you for your time.”She offered an insincere smile, grasped the green paper, and headed off.I watched closely as the girls talked. When they finally walked back together, I sighed with9 .A minute later, Brianna came back and handed me the D-buck.“I shouldn't keep this.” Her eyes fell to her feet, 10 radiating from her quiet voice. “I don't want Molly to think I only went to get her so I could earn a D-buck. She's my friend.”Then Brianna skipped back to amuse her classmates again, and who laughed for the first time that week? Molly.1. A. satisfied B. surprised C. awkward D.ashamed2. A. trust B. acceptance C. understanding D. respect3. A. angry B. puzzled C. serious D. lonely4. A. unwilling B. eager C. determined D. disappointed5. A. studied B. selected C. supported D. examined6. A. comforting B. warning C. paining D. protecting7. A. consider B. permit C. check D. ensure8. A. help B. pay C. prepare D. forgive9. A. relief B. concern C. sorrow D. regret10.A. excitement B. courage C. guilt D. impatience第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文根据短文内容填空。

2020-2021学年北京市丰台区丰台第一中学高三英语第一次联考试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ATry one of these amazing destinations on your next vacation.MallorcaOn the popular Spanish island of Mallorca, farmhouse inns focus more on providing isolation and quietness than offering hands-on farming experiences. With millions of visitors staying on the beaches of Mallorca and the other Balearic Islands each summer, a little bit of isolation is a good thing for aloneness-seeking travelers. Mainly located in the hills of inland Mallorca, these inns range from rustic century-old farmhouses to luxury(奢侈的) villas with spas and swimming pools.HawaiiPeople who don't want to dig out their passport but still want their farm adventure can head to the island of Hawaii. The 50th state talks much about the well-developed farm tourism industry that can hold people with different interests. Agritourism choices range from visiting coffee plantations(种植园) in the Big Island's Kona region to exploring the plantations on Maui to staying on farms on the easily reachable island of Oahu. CaliforniaCalifornia is one ofthe best places in the U. S. to enjoy a farm-stay, thanks to the diversity of crops and farms. Small family farms and large farms offer a more hands-on approach to agritourism. Many of them teach small-scale farming techniques and even offer strategies for organic growing. The University of California system, one of the largest state-run higher education systems in the U.S., has a small-farm program that helps growers create agritourism businesses.Philippine IslandsWith diverse conditions on different islands, the Philippine Islands are ideal places for visiting multiple agritourism sites or focusing on one product. Tourists can visit a huge pineapple plantation for a taste of large-scale agriculture, or they could focus on smaller operations such as bee farms, and even small plantations that specialize in growing tropical produce such as dragon fruit.1. What kind of people will choose to go to Mallorca?A. Those who prefer peace of mind.B. Those who like lying on the beach.C. Those who enjoy the luxury of tourism.D. Those who want to experience farming.2. What can people do on the Philippine Islands?A. Live in farmhouses.B. Visit plantations.C. Learn farming techniques.D Take part in a farm program.3. What are the four places in the text famous for?A. Locations.B. Environments.C. Local products.D. Tourism features.BWhat acts of kindness will make us the happiest, and who tends to benefit the most? A newly-published review of decades of kindness research provides some answers.In this paper, researchers analyzed the results from 126 research articles looking at almost 200, 000 participants from around the world. The studies they chose measured well-being in various ways, including both mental and physical health. Some were experiments, where people did a kindness practice to observe its effects, while others just surveyed people about how kind and happy they were.As expected, people who were kind tended to have higher well-being. Lead researcher Bryant Hui wasastoundedthat the relationship wasn't stronger than it was, but he was still encouraged by the results.One thing Hui and his colleagues found was that people who performed random, informal acts of kindness, like bringing a meal to a sad friend, tended to be happier than people who performed more formal acts of kindness, like volunteering in a soup kitchen.The researchers also found that people who were kind tended to be higher in "eudaimonic happiness"(a sense of meaning and purpose in life) more than "hedonic happiness"(a sense of pleasure and comfort). Perhaps this makes sense, given that being kind takes effort, which reduces comfort but could make people feel better about themselves and their abilities, which would provide a sense of meaning.Being kind came with greater eudaimonic happiness for women than for men, too. According to Hui, this could be because, in many cultures, women are expected to be kinder than men; so, they may have more to gain from it. And younger participants experienced more happiness when they were kind than older participants, perhaps for developmental reasons, he says.Hui isn't sure why acting kind might have these different effects on different groups, but he points to theories put forth by researcher Elizabeth Midlarsky: Being kind may make us feel better about ourselves as a person or about the meaning of our lives, help us forget our own troubles and stresses, or help us be more socially-connected with others.4. What does the data in the second paragraph intend to show?A. The recent paper is worthy of being read.B. The recent paper gives convincing results.C. Kindness is always a hot topic of research.D. Kindness is closely linked to one's well-being.5. What does the underlined word "astounded" in paragraph 3 mean?A. Afraid.B. Certain.C. Excited.D. Surprised.6. Which of the following acts of kindness can make one feel happier according to paragraph 4?A. Volunteering in a hospital.B. Cleaning a community.C. Returning a lost item to its owner.D. Collecting donations for the poor.7. What do the researchers find from the paper?A. Being kind has different effects on different groups.B. Eudaimonic happiness makes people feel comfort.C. The younger experienced more happiness than the older.D. Female participants are kinder than male ones.CKenyan mother Beth Mwende heard her sleeping child cry out, but did not worry after the three-year-old quickly quietened down. The next morning, however, she found her daughter, Mercy, nearly unconscious with two bite marks in the neck. “I didn’t know that it was a snake,” Mwende said.Although snakebites are common in her hometown, antivenom medication is difficult to get. Mwende lives about 160 kilometers east of Nairobi, Kenya’s capital. So she took her daughter to a traditional healer. He placed stones over the bites. Mercy died within hours. She was one of about 700 Kenyans killed by snakebites each year, notes a report in the scientific publicationToxicon.The Kenya Snakebite Research and Intervention Center (KSRIC) is working to change that. The KSRIC hopes tohave East Africa’s first antivenom medication on the market within five years. It estimates the cost will be about 30 percent of an imported product, which often sells for about US $ 30.More than 70, 000 people are bitten in East Africa each year. Climate change and deforestation are worsening the problem as snakes get pushed out of natural surroundings into populated areas.Nearly 100 snakes live at the research center in a forest near Nairobi. Researchers take venom from snakes and study it before injecting small amounts into other animals, such as sheep. The animals then create antibodies that can be made into antivenom.“Up to now, no one has made any kind of antivenom in Kenya,’’ said Geoffrey Maranga Kepha, a senior snake handler.Two effective antivenoms are available in Kenya, from India and Mexico, the center says.The center is teaching communities that using antivenom immediately after receiving a snakebite can save lives, said head researcher George Adinoh.“After seeing how people died in Kenya from snakebites I decided to devote my life to coming up with a rescue measure that will help or prevent people from dying from snakebites,” snake handler Kepha added.8. How does the author introduce the topic of the text?A. By telling a story.B. By listing figures.C. By referririg to documents.D. By making a comparison.9. Why did Mwende take her daughter to a traditional healer?A. She couldn’t afford any modern treatment.B. She lived where antivenom medication is not available.C. The traditional way is very effective to treat snakebites.D. She believed a traditional healer could cure her daughter.10. What is causing more snakebites to happen in East Africa?A. Lack of antivenom medication.B. Environmental damage and climate change.C. People’s low awareness of the danger of snakes.D. People’s pursuit of traditional cures for snakebites.11. What do we know about antivenom in Kenya from the text?A. Itis taken from antibodies of sheep.B. There is only one effective antivenom available.C. KSRIC is trying to develop a local antivenom now.D. People refuse to use antivenom after being bitten by snakes.DMark Bertram, 46, lost the tips of two fingers at work in 2018 when his hand became trapped in a fan belt. “It's life-changing but it's not life-ending,” he says. “Doing work is harder now. Everything is just a little different.”After two surgeries and occupational therapy, Bertram decided to make light of his condition by asking Eric Catalano, a tattoo (纹身) artist, to create fingernail tattoos. The idea made everyone in the studio laugh—until they saw the final result. “The mood changed,” Catalano recalls from his Eternal Ink Tattoo Studio. “Everything turned from funny to wow.”When Catalano posted a photo of the tattoos, a pair of fingernails that looked so real that no one could believe their eyes, he had no idea the image would eventually be viewed by millions of people around the world.The viral photo pushed Catalano, 40, further into the world of paramedical (辅助医疗的) tattooing. Now people with life-altering scars come from as far away as Ireland to visit his shop. They enter Eternal Ink looking for the artistic healing they saw online. Using flesh-toned (肉色的) inks and a needle, Catalano transforms his clients' view of themselves.Leslie Pollan, 32, a dog breeder in Oxford, was bitten on the face by a puppy in 2014. She underwent countless surgeries to correct a scar on her lip.“Plastic surgery gave me no hope,” she says. “So I looked for other options.” She ultimately traveled six hours to meet with Catalano. He hid Pollan's lip scar, giving her back a piece of her confidence.“ You don't understand until you've been through it,” Pollan says. “It made me have a different look on life.”Catalano performs up to eight reconstructive tattoos. While he charges $100 per regular tattoo, he doesn't charge for paramedical tattoos. “Financially, it doesn't make sense,” Catalano says. “But every time I see that emotion from my customers, I'm 100 percent sure this is something that I can't stop doing.”12. What best describes people's attitude when first hearing of fingernail tattoos?A. Indifferent.B. Ridiculous.C. Confident.D. Surprised.13. What did Catalano do to help Leslie Pollan?A. He drew an artistic puppy.B. He inked scars on her face.C. He created a lip tattoo.D. He performed plastic surgeries on her.14. What can we infer from the passage?A. Cosmetic surgery is of no use.B. Tattoos earn Mark Bertram a good fame.C. Catalano is a kind and generous person.D. Fingernail tattoos are popular around the world.15. What could be the best title for the text?A. A Life-changing EventB. Miracle TattoosC. An Amazing ArtistD. A Promising Business第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2021 届北京市丰台区丰台第一中学高三英语一模试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40 分）第一节（共15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项AThank you. It’s my great honor to be given this award.You cannot imagine that I have always been a late starter. Years ago, when I was 16, I took an important exam — GCE(General Certificate of Education), which turned out to be a failure. My dad was reading my report card and saw that my position in class was 29th, but the number in class was 29. It meant that I had achieved the distinction of being bottom of my class.I wasn’t lazy, and I was really trying. You can picture how I felt. Dad put his hand on my shoulder and said, “You can only do the best you can, but whatever you decide to do, make sure you love it.” He was a really sweet guy and a great man. I knew his attempt to hide his disappointment with some of his encouraging words. I was depressed for a week, but his advice was a wake-up call.Fortunately I love working with my hands, and I was good at two things: woodwork and art, and I really loved to draw and paint. I was quite talented. Dad strongly encouraged me to go to art school, which in those days wasn’t the obvious place that a father would suggest.So I got into Hartlepool College of Art. The college was a revelation (出乎意料), the passionate teachers there, who were extremely interested in the students, not just tolerating them but actually engaging with them. It was a world apart from my schooling until then. It’s extraordinary what an enthusiastic teacher can do, drawing th e student out, lighting independence, and encouraging a design of your own future, rather than waiting for something to happen. I’m honored to have become one of these passionate teachers years later.My teachers inspired me, and thanks to my dad, here I am tonight. I think I should mention all the talents I have worked with over time, and to my kids and my wife Giannina, thank you.Thank you for this great award. I shall find a very special place for it.1.How did the author feel after taking GCE?A.Happy.B. Upset.C. Tired.D. Relieved.2.What didHartlepoolCollege of Art impress the author most?A.The teachers were strict with students.B.The students set good examples for each other.C.The teachers inspired students’ passion for learning.D.The students got prepared for their lessons independently.3.The author gave this speech to .A.share his career choiceB.explain his teaching methodsC.describe his life experienceD.show his appreciationBTen years ago, I set out to examine luck. I wanted to know why some people were always in the right place at the right time, while others consistently experienced ill fortune. I placed advertisements in national newspapers asking for people who felt consistently lucky or unlucky. Hundreds of extraordinary men and women volunteered for my research. Over the years I have interviewed them, monitored their lives and had them take part in various experiments.In one of the experiments, I gave both lucky and unlucky people a newspaper, asking them to look through it and tell me how many photographs were inside. I had secretly placed a large message halfway through the newspaper, saying, “Tell the experimenter you have seen this and you will win $50.” This message took up half of the page and was written in type that was more than two inches high. It was staring everyone in the face, but the unlucky people tended to miss it and the lucky people tended to spot it.Unlucky people are generally more nervous than lucky people, and this anxiety affects their ability to notice the unexpected. As a result, they miss opportunities because they are too focused on looking for something else. They go to gatherings concentrating on finding their perfect partners and miss opportunities to make good friends. They look through newspapers determined to find certain types of job advertisements and miss other types of jobs.Lucky people are more relaxed and open, and therefore see what is there rather than just what they are looking for. My research eventually showed that lucky people are skilled at noticing opportunities, make lucky decisions by listening to their intuition ( 直觉), are open to new experiences, and adopt a never -say-die attitude that transforms bad luck into good luck.4.What’s the purpose of the author’s research?A.To discover what luck means to people.B.To find lucky people and unlucky people.C.To distinguish between good luck and bad luck.D.To figure out why people are always lucky or unlucky.5.Why did the unlucky people miss the message in the experiment?A.There was too much information to be read in detail.B.They were too focused on looking for photographs.C.It took too much time to go through newspapers.D.The words were too small to be noticed.6.What leads to lucky people’s good fortune?A.Their ability to spot opportunities.B. Their ability to become relaxed.C. Their ability to communicate.D. Their ability to make friends.7.What’s the key message of the last paragraph?A.What lucky people are looking for.B.How lucky people generate good luck.C.What lucky people can do with opportunities.D How lucky people transform bad luck into good luck.CThe China International Search and Rescue Team(CISAR) was formed in 2001 and is now made up of several hundred rescue workers and about 20 police dogs. The team brings help and hope to those whose lives are changed by astorm, flood, earthquake, or any other natural disasters.After long and careful training, the team went on its first international rescue tasks in 2003. That year, the Chinese team helped save lives after earthquakes inAlgeriaandIran. It was the first time that a Chinese team had worked outsideChinawhose members won high praise for bravery and skill.Since then, the CISAR has completed many tasks. The list of people to whom help has been given is long. The team treated more than 3,000 people who were wounded in the 2006 earthquake inIndonesia, helped 2,500 wounded people after the earthquake that hitHaitiin 2010, and spent several months giving aid to over 25,000 people suffering from the 2010 floods inPakistan. On April 26, 2015, a group of 62 people from CISAR went toNepalafter the 8.1 magnitude earthquake that happened there.Rescue workers are trained to find people, treat wounds, and hand out food, water, and other supplies. They have to be able to do work that is difficult under conditions which can be very dangerous. After a disaster, there is usually no electricity or water, and there may be diseases and other dangers. Rescue workers get to save lives, butthey must also bury the dead. That means they have to be strong in both body and mind.Rescue workers must have big hearts, too. It takes a lot of love and courage to risk one’s own life to save someone else’s. The members of the CISAR have plenty of both and are always ready to go wherever help is needed.8.What is the function of the numbers in Paragraph 3?A.To advertise for the CISAR.B.To add some basic information.C.To praise Recue Workers’ contributions.D.To stress the dangers Rescue Workers face.9.What is the author’s attitude towards Rescue Workers?A.Hopeful.B. Respectful.C. Curious.D. Supportive.10.What are the last two paragraphs mainly about?A.The duty rescue workers must perform.B.The qualities rescue workers must own.C.The difficulties rescue workers must go through.D.The willingness rescue workers should require.11.What may be the best title of the passage?A. China to the RescueB. How to train CISARC. Welcome to CISARD. Rescue on requestDI was at my parent’s dinner table. Before me was a worn journal of thin and discolor1 ed pages. It was my grandfather’s journal and now belonged to my father. My grandfather had passed away in the months leading upto my birth. I never got to visit the pla ces he had frequented and the people who had been a part of his life’s journey.I was now about to enter his world, through the words he had left behind. Within minutes, I wascaptivatedby the power of the written words. In the magical script ( 笔迹) before me, I was transported to another age when food was an everyday art, planned, prepared and enjoyed in the company of others, and a time when people had the heart to pause their own lives to embrace ( 拥抱) each other’s struggles. All this was conve yed to me in the beauty of the words that flowed together to connect with the writer’s mind and understand the world they livedin.That kind of writing seems to be lost on us today. We have gotten used to writing in bite -sized pieces for a public looking for entertainment, and hungry for information. No wonder, there are nearly 200 million bloggers on the Internet and a new blog is created somewhere in the world every half a second. Instead of adding to our collective wisdom, most of these writings reflectthe superficiality (肤浅) and impatience of our day and age.This not only robs us of the skill of writing impressive essays, it also prevents us from exploring what is indeed important. Writing humbles (使谦卑) us in a way that is vital for our character growth, by reminding us about the limits of the self and our appropriate place in the vast flow of life. Writing frees us by helping us explore the unknown so that we really open up to magic of the world around us. I saw all of this in the writing of my grandfather. And I’ve seen it again and again in the writings of the greatest thinkers of humanity. Their writing reflect deep thought on issues of human importance.12.The underlined word “captivated” in the second paragraph can be replaced by “”.A. puzzledB. frightenedC. attractedD. defeated13.In the author’s grandfather’s age, people .A. lived a hard lifeB. cared about each otherC. were fond of writingD. treated food as an art14.The author begins the text with her grandfather’s journal in order to .A.show her respect to her grandfatherB.present the importance of good writingC.express her interest in reading as well as writingD.raise the problems with today’s writing15.In the last paragraph, the author is trying to .A.discuss what good writing is likeB.express her strong desire to learn writing skillsC.stress the effects of her grandfather’s journal on herD.show her admiration for her grandfather’s writing第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。