2001年真题及解析张剑版本

2001年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试语文试卷一、（30分，每小题3分）1．下列词语中加点的字，读音有错误的一组是A．璀璨（càn）憧（chōng）憬饮鸩（zhèn）止渴B．凝（níng）固分泌（bì）孜（zī）孜不倦C. 蹊（qī）跷省（xǐng）悟穷形尽相（xiàng）D．端倪（ní）宝藏（zàng）未雨绸缪（móu）2．下列各组词语中，没有错别字的一组是A．戳穿力挽狂澜暖昧食不果腹 B．震撼融汇贯通喧嚣响彻云霄C．深奥死不瞑目气慨雍容华贵 D．凋蔽哗众取宠辍学愤世嫉俗3．依次填入下列各句横线处的词语，恰当的一组是①这位发言人指出，美方对这次撞机事件必须承担全部责任，向中国人民作出交代，并防止类似事件再次发生。

②尽管这只是一次，但民警与保安的迅速出击，表明本市第一个进入校园的电子保安报警系统已经成功地开通了。

③用歪曲事实的历史教科书作为学校的教材，必然日本年轻一代对本国历史的认识偏离事实。

A．庄重演练引导 B．郑重演示引导 C．庄重演示导致 D．郑重演练导致4．下列各句中，加点的成语使用恰当的一句是A．当时暴雨如注，满路泥泞，汽车已无法行走，抢险队员们只好安步当车，跋涉一个多小时赶到了大坝。

B．她从小就养成了自认为高人一等的优越感，即使在医院里要别人照顾，也依然颐指气使，盛气凌人。

C．会议期间，农科院等单位在会场外摆出了鲜花盆景销售摊。

休息时，摊前车水马龙，产品供不应求。

D．您刚刚乔迁新居，房间宽敞明亮，只是摆设略嫌单调，建议您挂幅油画，一定会使居室蓬荜生辉。

5．下列各句中，没有语病的一句是A．在科学技术是第一生产力的观念深入人心的今天，谁能不信高科技会给人类带来福音?正因为这样，难怪骗子们也要浑水摸鱼，打出高科技的幌子了。

B．如何才能让大家都富起来呢?关键的问题是知识在起决定性作用。

知识的贫乏必然造成财富的贫乏，财富的充足往往是以知识的充实为前提的。

2001考研英语阅读真题2001考研英语阅读真题解析2001年的考研英语阅读真题是一道经典的题目，涉及到了文化和社会的方方面面。

本文将对这道题进行解析，帮助考生更好地理解和应对类似的题目。

题目的主要内容是关于跨文化交际的困境和挑战。

文章开头引用了一位国际学者的观点，指出了在不同文化之间交流时可能出现的问题。

接着，文章列举了一些具体的例子，展示了这些问题的具体表现形式。

首先，文章提到了语言的障碍。

不同的语言有不同的表达方式和文化内涵，因此在跨文化交流中，语言的理解和运用常常成为一个难题。

例如，一个词在一个文化中可能有一种含义，但在另一个文化中却有完全不同的解释，这就容易导致误解和沟通不畅。

其次，文章谈到了文化差异。

不同的文化有不同的价值观和行为准则，这就导致了在跨文化交流中可能出现的冲突和误解。

例如，一个动作在一个文化中可能是礼貌的表达，但在另一个文化中却被视为无礼。

这种文化差异也容易导致交流的失败和矛盾的产生。

此外，文章还提到了身份认同的问题。

在跨文化交流中，个人的身份认同可能会受到挑战和质疑。

一个人在自己的文化中可能有一种身份认同，但在另一个文化中却被视为外来者。

这种身份认同的不一致会给个人带来困惑和不安，也会影响到交流的效果。

最后，文章指出了跨文化交流中的权力关系问题。

在不同文化中，权力的分配和运用方式可能完全不同。

这就导致了在交流中可能出现的权力斗争和不平等。

例如，在某些文化中，权力被视为一种威严和尊严的象征，而在另一些文化中，权力被视为一种控制和压迫的手段。

这种权力关系的不一致也会影响到跨文化交流的效果。

通过对这道题目的解析，我们可以看到跨文化交际的困境和挑战是多方面的。

语言、文化、身份认同和权力关系都是影响跨文化交流的重要因素。

因此，要想在跨文化交流中取得良好的效果，我们需要提高自己的语言能力，增加对不同文化的了解，保持开放的心态和尊重他人的身份认同，以及平等和平衡地处理权力关系。

总之，跨文化交际是一个复杂而又重要的话题。

⼀、单项选择题1 答案：D解析：该题主要围绕必然性与偶然性来考察决定论与⾮决定论、辩证唯物主义决定论与机械唯物主义决定论的界限。

决定论承认客观必然性，⼀般是唯物主义；⾮决定论否认客观必然性，⼀般是唯⼼主义的。

唯物主义决定论⼜分为辩证决定论与机械决定论，前者既承认客观必然性，⼜否认偶然性，后者虽承认客观必然性，但否认偶然性。

题中的"只要知道⾃然界本⾝的全部作⽤，……未来的⼀切早就在宇宙诞⽣时便已完全被确定了"是承认客观必然性的，但否认偶然性的存在及其作⽤，由此可见，正确答案为D项。

2 答案：B解析：该题考查的是把握事物度的⽅法论意义。

解答这道题的关键是读懂引⽂。

题⼲中"欲显刘备之长厚⽽似伪，状诸葛之多智⽽近妖"，说明了原本想表现⼈物的某⼀品德，结果超出了⼀定的度⽽适得其反，可见，B是的正确选项，A、C、D是⼲扰项。

3 答案：D解析：这道题结合批判伪⽓功、伪科学，考查了对⼀种错误观点哲学本质的理解。

"⼼诚则灵，⼼不诚则不灵"，是⼀种夸⼤⼼理因素作⽤的唯⼼主义观点，可见，D项符合题意。

主张物质与意识具有统⼀性的不⼀定是辩证唯物主义观点，故此A项本⾝错误，也不合题意。

主张意识是⼈脑的分泌物，把意识谈成与物质⼀样的东西，是B项庸俗唯物主义观点。

绝对精神是世界的本质，是D项中的客观唯⼼主义观点。

4 答案：D解析：这则试题主要考核平均利润与利息的关系以及平均利润率与利息率的关系。

由于职能资本(产业资本、商业资本、银⾏资本)使⽤了借贷资本，故它们得到的平均利润要分割为两部分，即企业利润和利息。

可见，借贷资本获取的利息是平均利润的⼀部分。

利息率是利息量与借贷资本量的⽐率，利息率受多种因素制约，⼀般低于平均利润率。

这样⼀来，D项是正确答案。

A、B、C三项是职能资本，它们担负着⽣产或实现剩余价值的职能，故都要获取平均利润，由于它们使⽤了借贷资本，所以必须向借贷资本⽀付利息，⽽⾃⾝只能获取企业利润。

2001年考研英语真题及解析（黄⽪书）2001年全国攻读硕⼠学位研究⽣⼊学考试英语试题Part I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant 2 of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a 3 bill that will propose making payments to witnesses 4 and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be given to a case 6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee, Lord Irvine said he 7 with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not 8 sufficient control.9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10 of media protest when he said the 11 of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges 12 to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which 13 the European Convention on Human Rights legally 14 in Britain, laid down that everybody was 15 to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands 16 our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an 17 after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were 18 to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised 19 witnesses might be encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.1.［A］as to ［B］for instance ［C］in particular ［D］such as2.［A］tightening ［B］intensifying ［C］focusing ［D］fastening3.［A］sketch ［B］rough ［C］preliminary ［D］draft4.［A］illogical ［B］illegal ［C］improbable ［D］improper5.［A］publicity ［B］penalty ［C］popularity ［D］peculiarity6.［A］since ［B］if ［C］before ［D］as7.［A］sided ［B］shared ［C］complied ［D］agreed8.［A］present ［B］offer ［C］manifest ［D］indicate9.［A］Release ［B］Publication ［C］Printing ［D］Exposure10.［A］storm ［B］rage ［C］flare ［D］flash11.［A］translation ［B］interpretation ［C］exhibition ［D］demonstration12.［A］better than ［B］other than ［C］rather than ［D］sooner than13.［A］changes ［B］makes ［C］sets ［D］turns14.［A］binding ［B］convincing ［C］restraining ［D］sustaining15.［A］authorized ［B］credited ［C］entitled ［D］qualified16.［A］with ［B］to ［C］from ［D］by17.［A］impact ［B］incident ［C］inference ［D］issue18.［A］stated ［B］remarked ［C］said ［D］told19.［A］what ［B］when ［C］which ［D］that20.［A］assure ［B］confide ［C］ensure ［D］guaranteePart II Reading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each questions there are four answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)Passage 1Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units，one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word “amateur”does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialisation in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professionalgeological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.21. The growth of specialisation in the 19th century might be more clearly seen insciences such as _______.[AJ sociology and chemistry [B] physics and psychology[C] sociology and psychology [D] physics and chemistry22. We can infer from the passage that _______.[A] there is little distinction between specialisation and professionalisation[B] amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science[C] professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community[D] amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones23. The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate ______.[A] the process of specialisation and professionalisation[B] the hardship of amateurs in scientific study[C] the change of policies in scientific publications[D] the discrimination of professionals against amateurs24. The direct reason for specialisation is _______.[A] the development in communication[B] the growth of professionalisation[C] the expansion of scientific knowledge[D] the splitting up of academic societiesPassage 2A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide-the division of the world into the info (information) rich and the info poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic.There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of businessto universalize access-after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will he netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we’ve ever had.Of course, the use of the Internet isn’t the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential.To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure（the basic structural foundations of a society）in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didn’t have the capital to do so. And that is why America’s Second Wave infrastructure-including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on-were built with foreign investment. The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain’s former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them. Guess who owns them now? The Americans. I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you’re going to be. That doesn't mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet.25. Digital divide is something _______.[A] getting worse because of the Internet[B] the rich countries are responsible for[C] the world must guard against[D] considered positive today26. Governments attach importance to the Internet because it _______.[A] offers economic potentials[B] can bring foreign funds[C] can soon wipe out world poverty[D] connects people all over the world27. The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of_______.[A] providing financial support overseas[B] preventing foreign capital’s control[C] building industrial infrastructure[D] accepting foreign investment28. It seems that now a country’s economy depands much on ______.[A] how well-developed it is electronically[B] whether it is prejudiced against immigrants[C] whether it adopts America’s industrial pattern[D] how much control it has over foreign corporationsPassage 3Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of headscratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day’s events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusions news.There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers which helps explain why the “standard templates”of the newsroom seem alien many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they’re less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in community.Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn’t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.29. What is the passage mainly about?[A] needs of the readers all over the world.[B] causes of the public disappointment about newspapers.[C] origins of the declining newspaper industry.[D] aims of a journalism credibility project.30. The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be ______.[A] quite trustworthy [B] somewhat contradictory[C] very illuminating [D] rather superficial31. The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their______.[A] working attitude [B] conventional lifestyle[C] world outlook [D] educational background32. Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readersowing to its_______.[A] failure to realize its real problem[B] tendency to hire annoying reporters[C] likeliness to do inaccurate reporting[D] prejudice in matters of race and genderPassage 4The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying: "Won't the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?"There's no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful. Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982. Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly. International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. In Argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s, multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of the 200 largest firms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers' demands. All these are beneficial, not detrimental, to consumers. As productivity grows, the world's wealth increases.Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty. Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S., when the Standard Oil trust was broken up. The mergers of telecom companies, such as WorldCom, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in thepace of technical progress. On the contrary, the price of communications is coming down fast. In cars, too, concentration is increasing-witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissan-but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt.Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched. A few weeks ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the banking industry. Who is going to supervise, regulate and operate as lender of last resort with the gigantic banks that are being created? Won't multinationals shift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair competition? And should one country take upon itself the role of “defending competition”on issues that affect many other nations, as in the U S. vs. Microsoft case ?33. What is the typical trend of businesses today?[A] to take in more foreign funds. [B] to invest more abroad.[C] to combine and become bigger. [D] to trade with more countries.34. According to the author, one of the driving forces behind M&A wave is ______[A] the greater customer demands. [B] a surplus supply for the market.[C] a growing productivity. [D] the increase of the world's wealth.35. From paragraph 4 we can infer that ______.[A] the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers[B] WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs[C] the costs of the globalization process are enormous[D] the Standard Oil trust might have threatened competition36. Toward the new business wave, the writer's attitude can he said to be _______.[A] optimistic [B] objective[C] pessimistic [D] biasedPassage 5When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high pro although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming “I wanted to spend more time with my family”.Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term “downshifting”has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all”, preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”, and making the alternative move into “downshifting”brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I onceenjoyed: 12-hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on “quality time”.In America, the move away from juggling to a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle is a well-established trend. Downshifting-also known in America as “voluntary simplicity” has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anticonsumerism. There are a number of bestselling downshifting self-help books for people who want to simplify their lives; there are newsletter's, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap; there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid-'90s equivalent of dropping out.While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline——after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late’80s——and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle-class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the’80s, downshifting in the mid-'90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life ——growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one——as a personal recognition of your limitations.37. Which of the following is true according to paragraph 1?[A] Full-time employment is a new international trend.[B] The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.[C] “A lateral move” means stepping out of full-time employment.[D] The writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family.38. The writer’s experiment shows that downshifting ____[A] enables her to realize her dream[B] helps her mold a new philosophy of life[C] prompts her to abandon her high social status[D] leads her to accept the doctrine of She magazine39. “Juggling one’s life” probably means living a life characterized by_____.[A] non-materialistic lifestyle [B] a bit of everything[C] extreme stress [D] anti-consumerism40. According to the passage, downshifting emerged in the U.S. as a result of _____[A] the quick pace of modern life [B] man’s adventurous spirit[C] man’s search for mythical experiences [D] the economic situationPart III English-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments intoChinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)In less than 30 years’ time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality. Direct links between the brain’s nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments, allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall.41）There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. 42）Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell television, and digital age will have arrived.According to BT’s futurologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium（a period of 1,000 years）, when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life. 43）Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine, including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and 2040.Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human links. “By linking directly to our nervous system, computers could pick up what we feel and, hopefully, simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments, rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck, ” he says. 44）But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: “It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.”Through his research, Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted. However, there are still no forecasts for when faster-than-light travel will be available, or when human cloning will be perfected, or when time travel will be possible. But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances. A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will, for example, cause problems in 2010, while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids. 45）And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder—kitchen rage. Section V Writing46. Directions:Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest, but everyone has his/her own understanding of it.There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write an essay to the newspaper to1）show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below.2）give a specific example, and3）give your suggestion as to the best way to show love.第⼀部分英语知识应运试题解析⼀、⽂章总体分析本⽂是⼀篇报道性的⽂章，介绍了⾃露丝玛莉·韦斯特案件发⽣后，政府、法院、媒体各⽅⾯对于付款给证⼈的反应。

2001年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学一试题及解析一、填空题(本题共5小题,每小题3分,满分15分.把答案填在题中横线上)1、设b a x b x a e y x ,)(cos sin (+=为任意常数）为某二阶常系数线性齐次微分方程的通解，则该方程为_____________.【分析】这是二阶常系数线性齐次微分方程求解的逆问题，主要考查二阶常系数线性齐次微分方程特征方程与特征根的概念以及由通解形状要能看出对应的特征根。

由于二阶常系数线性齐次方程由其特征方程唯一确定，因此由通解表达式得到对应的特征值后，确定方程，从而得到待求微分方程。

【详解】根据二阶常系数线性齐次方程特征根与通解的对应关系可得：特征根为121i λ=±，于是特征方程为(1)(1)0i i λλ---+=，即2220λλ-+=。

故对应齐次微分方程为：220y y y '''-+=。

2、222z y x r ++=，则(1,2,2)()div gradr -= _____________.【分析】考查散度与梯度公式与计算。

直接套用公式即可。

【详解】由于gradr =所以()div gradr =+222222==因此(1,2,2)2()3div gradr -=3、交换二次积分的积分次序：⎰⎰--0112),(y dx y x f dy ＝_____________.【分析】考查直角坐标系下交换积分次序。

由于x 的积分下限大于积分上限，无法画出积分区域的草图，只需先交换一下先积的定积分的上下限即可。

【详解】由于01021211(,)(,)y ydy f x y dx dy f x y dx ----=-⎰⎰⎰⎰对二次积分0211(,)y dy f x y dx --⎰⎰对应的二重积分的积分域为10:12y D y x -≤≤⎧⎨-≤≤⎩，于是 02201111(,)(,)yxdy f x y dx dx f x y dy ---=⎰⎰⎰⎰。

2001年考研英语一阅读真题解析2001年考研英语一的阅读部分，以其难度和深度，给许多考生留下了深刻的印象。

该年的阅读真题不仅考查了考生的词汇量和语法知识，更考验了他们对文章结构的理解以及对细节的把握能力。

以下是对该年阅读真题的详细解析。

首先，文章的体裁多样，包括了议论文、说明文和记叙文等，这要求考生不仅要有扎实的语言基础，还要能够根据不同的文体特点进行阅读和理解。

例如，议论文部分要求考生能够分辨作者的观点和论据，而说明文则要求考生能够理解文章中所描述的事物或现象。

在词汇方面，2001年的阅读真题中出现了大量的专业术语和生僻词汇，这对考生的词汇量提出了较高的要求。

考生需要在平时的复习中不断积累词汇，尤其是那些与文章主题相关的专业词汇。

语法方面，文章中包含了多种复杂的句型结构，如倒装句、虚拟语气等，这些句型的理解和运用对于考生来说是一个不小的挑战。

因此，考生需要在复习过程中加强对语法规则的掌握，并通过大量的练习来提高自己的语法应用能力。

文章结构的理解也是2001年阅读真题的一个重要考查点。

考生需要能够快速识别文章的主旨大意，以及各个段落之间的逻辑关系。

这不仅要求考生具备较强的逻辑思维能力，还需要他们能够灵活运用阅读技巧，如略读、精读和寻读等。

细节理解是考研英语阅读中永恒的主题。

2001年的阅读真题中，细节题占据了相当的比例。

这些题目要求考生能够准确把握文章中的具体信息，如时间、地点、人物、事件等。

因此，考生在阅读时需要细致入微，对文章中的每一个细节都要有所留意。

最后，2001年的阅读真题还考查了考生的推理判断能力。

在一些题目中，考生需要根据文章提供的信息进行合理的推断，得出正确的结论。

这不仅需要考生具备较强的逻辑推理能力，还需要他们能够准确理解文章的深层含义。

综上所述，2001年考研英语一的阅读真题在考查考生的语言知识的同时，更加注重考查他们的阅读技巧和逻辑思维能力。

因此，考生在备考过程中需要全面提高自己的语言能力，同时也要注重培养自己的阅读技巧和逻辑思维能力，以便在考试中取得好成绩。

2001年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Part I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked [A],[B],[C]and[D].Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(10points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases1the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant2of legal controls over the press,Lord Irvine,the Lord Chancellor,will introduce a3bill that will propose making payments to witnesses4and will strictly control the amount of5that can be given to a case6a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman,chairman of the House of Commons media select committee,Lord Irvine said he7with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not8sufficient control.9of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a10of media protest when he said the11of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges12to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill,which13the European Convention on Human Rights legally14in Britain,laid down that everybody was15to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands16our British judges,”he said.Witness payments became an17after West was sentenced to10life sentences in1995.Up to19witnesses were18to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers.Concerns were raised19witnesses might be encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to20guilty verdicts.1.［A］as to［B］for instance［C］in particular［D］such as2.［A］tightening［B］intensifying［C］focusing［D］fastening3.［A］sketch［B］rough［C］preliminary［D］draft4.［A］illogical［B］illegal［C］improbable［D］improper5.［A］publicity［B］penalty［C］popularity［D］peculiarity6.［A］since［B］if［C］before［D］as7.［A］sided［B］shared［C］complied［D］agreed8.［A］present［B］offer［C］manifest［D］indicate9.［A］Release［B］Publication［C］Printing［D］Exposure10.［A］storm［B］rage［C］flare［D］flash11.［A］translation［B］interpretation［C］exhibition［D］demonstration12.［A］better than［B］other than［C］rather than［D］sooner than13.［A］changes［B］makes［C］sets［D］turns14.［A］binding［B］convincing［C］restraining［D］sustaining15.［A］authorized［B］credited［C］entitled［D］qualified16.［A］with［B］to［C］from［D］by17.［A］impact［B］incident［C］inference［D］issue18.［A］stated［B］remarked［C］said［D］told19.［A］what［B］when［C］which［D］that20.［A］assure［B］confide［C］ensure［D］guaranteePart II Reading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions.For each questions there are four answers marked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions.Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(40 points)Passage1Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge.By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units，one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research.But specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication.Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science:exceptions can be found to any rule.Nevertheless,the word“amateur”does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and,in particular,may not fully share its values.The growth of specialisation in the nineteenth century,with its consequent requirement of a longer,more complex training,implied greater problems for amateur participation in science.The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training,and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research,but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper.Thus,in the nineteenth century,local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right;but,in the twentieth century,local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate,and reflect on,the wider geological picture.Amateurs,on the other hand,have continued to pursue local studies in the old way.The overall result has been to make entrance to professionalgeological journals harder for amateurs,a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing,first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century.As a logical consequence of this development,separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership.A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies,whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century,its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century.In science generally,however,the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.21.The growth of specialisation in the19th century might be more clearly seen insciences such as_______.[AJ sociology and chemistry[B]physics and psychology[C]sociology and psychology[D]physics and chemistry22.We can infer from the passage that_______.[A]there is little distinction between specialisation and professionalisation[B]amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science[C]professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community[D]amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones23.The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate______.[A]the process of specialisation and professionalisation[B]the hardship of amateurs in scientific study[C]the change of policies in scientific publications[D]the discrimination of professionals against amateurs24.The direct reason for specialisation is_______.[A]the development in communication[B]the growth of professionalisation[C]the expansion of scientific knowledge[D]the splitting up of academic societiesPassage2A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide-the division of the world into the info(information)rich and the info poor.And that divide does exist today.My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago.What was less visible then,however,were the new,positive forces that work against the digital divide.There are reasons to be optimistic.There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow.As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized,it is in the interest of businessto universalize access-after all,the more people online,the more potential customers there are.More and more governments,afraid their countries will be left behind,want to spread Internet access.Within the next decade or two,one to two billion people on the planet will he netted together.As a result,I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead.And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we’ve ever had.Of course,the use of the Internet isn’t the only way to defeat poverty.And the Internet is not the only tool we have.But it has enormous potential.To take advantage of this tool,some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure（the basic structural foundations of a society）in the United States.When the United States built its industrial infrastructure,it didn’t have the capital to do so.And that is why America’s Second Wave infrastructure-including roads,harbors,highways,ports and so on-were built with foreign investment.The English,the Germans,the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain’s former colony.They financed them.Immigrant Americans built them.Guess who owns them now?The Americans.I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter.The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure,which today is an electronic infrastructure,the better off you’re going to be.That doesn't mean lying down and becoming fooled,or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet.25.Digital divide is something_______.[A]getting worse because of the Internet[B]the rich countries are responsible for[C]the world must guard against[D]considered positive todayernments attach importance to the Internet because it_______.[A]offers economic potentials[B]can bring foreign funds[C]can soon wipe out world poverty[D]connects people all over the world27.The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of_______.[A]providing financial support overseas[B]preventing foreign capital’s control[C]building industrial infrastructure[D]accepting foreign investment28.It seems that now a country’s economy depands much on______.[A]how well-developed it is electronically[B]whether it is prejudiced against immigrants[C]whether it adopts America’s industrial pattern[D]how much control it has over foreign corporationsPassage3Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers?The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.Sad to say,this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes,combined with lots of headscratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.But the sources of distrust go way deeper.Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates(patterns)into which they plug each day’s events.In other words,there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusions news.There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers which helps explain why the“standard templates”of the newsroom seem alien many readers.In a recent survey,questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle size cities around the country,plus one large metropolitan area.Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.Replies show that compared with other Americans,journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods,have maids,own Mercedeses,and trade stocks,and they’re less likely to go to church,do volunteer work,or put down roots in community.Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite,so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite.The astonishing distrust of the news media isn’t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.This is an explosive situation for any industry,particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers.Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers.But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about.If it did,it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender,and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook,values,education,and class.29.What is the passage mainly about?[A]needs of the readers all over the world.[B]causes of the public disappointment about newspapers.[C]origins of the declining newspaper industry.[D]aims of a journalism credibility project.30.The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be______.[A]quite trustworthy[B]somewhat contradictory[C]very illuminating[D]rather superficial31.The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their______.[A]working attitude[B]conventional lifestyle[C]world outlook[D]educational background32.Despite its efforts,the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readersowing to its_______.[A]failure to realize its real problem[B]tendency to hire annoying reporters[C]likeliness to do inaccurate reporting[D]prejudice in matters of race and genderPassage4The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed.The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might.Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying:"Won't the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?"There's no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful. Multinational corporations accounted for less than20%of international trade in 1982.Today the figure is more than25%and growing rapidly.International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment.In Argentina,for instance,after the reforms of the early1990s,multinationals went from43%to almost70%of the industrial production of the200largest firms.This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms,of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process:falling transportation and communication costs,lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers'demands.All these are beneficial,not detrimental,to consumers.As productivity grows,the world's wealth increases.Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty.Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S.,when the Standard Oil trust was broken up.The mergers of telecom companies,such as WorldCom,hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in thepace of technical progress.On the contrary,the price of communications is coming down fast.In cars,too,concentration is increasing-witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissan-but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt.Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched.A few weeks ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the banking industry.Who is going to supervise,regulate and operate as lender of last resort with the gigantic banks that are being created?Won't multinationals shift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair competition?And should one country take upon itself the role of“defending competition”on issues that affect many other nations,as in the U S.vs.Microsoft case?33.What is the typical trend of businesses today?[A]to take in more foreign funds.[B]to invest more abroad.[C]to combine and become bigger.[D]to trade with more countries.34.According to the author,one of the driving forces behind M&A wave is______[A]the greater customer demands.[B]a surplus supply for the market.[C]a growing productivity.[D]the increase of the world's wealth.35.From paragraph4we can infer that______.[A]the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers[B]WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs[C]the costs of the globalization process are enormous[D]the Standard Oil trust might have threatened competition36.Toward the new business wave,the writer's attitude can he said to be_______.[A]optimistic[B]objective[C]pessimistic[D]biasedPassage5When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend.A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although,in the manner of a disgraced government minister,I covered my exit by claiming“I wanted to spend more time with my family”.Curiously,some two-and-a-half years and two novels later,my experiment in what the Americans term“downshifting”has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality.I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all”,preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of She magazine,into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.I have discovered,as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress,that abandoning the doctrine of“juggling your life”,and making the alternative move into“downshifting”brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I onceenjoyed:12-hour working days,pressured deadlines,the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on“quality time”.In America,the move away from juggling to a simpler,less materialistic lifestyle is a well-established trend.Downshifting-also known in America as “voluntary simplicity”has,ironically,even bred a new area of what might be termed anticonsumerism.There are a number of bestselling downshifting self-help books for people who want to simplify their lives;there are newsletter's,such as The Tightwad Gazette,that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap;there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid-'90s equivalent of dropping out.While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline——after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late’80s——and is still linked to the politics of thrift,in Britain,at least among the middle-class downshifters of my acquaintance,we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the’80s, downshifting in the mid-'90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life ——growing your own organic vegetables,and risking turning into one——as a personal recognition of your limitations.37.Which of the following is true according to paragraph1?[A]Full-time employment is a new international trend.[B]The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.[C]“A lateral move”means stepping out of full-time employment.[D]The writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family.38.The writer’s experiment shows that downshifting____[A]enables her to realize her dream[B]helps her mold a new philosophy of life[C]prompts her to abandon her high social status[D]leads her to accept the doctrine of She magazine39.“Juggling one’s life”probably means living a life characterized by_____.[A]non-materialistic lifestyle[B]a bit of everything[C]extreme stress[D]anti-consumerism40.According to the passage,downshifting emerged in the U.S.as a result of_____[A]the quick pace of modern life[B]man’s adventurous spirit[C]man’s search for mythical experiences[D]the economic situationPart III English-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments intoChinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET2.(15points)In less than30years’time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality.Direct links between the brain’s nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments,allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall.41）There will be television chat shows hosted by robots,and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.42）Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips,computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools,relaxation will be in front of smell television,and digital age will have arrived.According to BT’s futurologist,Ian Pearson,these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium（a period of1,000years）, when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life.43）Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine,including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and2040.Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human links.“By linking directly to our nervous system,computers could pick up what we feel and,hopefully, simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments, rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck,”he says.44）But that,Pearson points out,is only the start of man-machine integration:“It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.”Through his research,Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted.However,there are still no forecasts for when faster-than-light travel will be available,or when human cloning will be perfected, or when time travel will be possible.But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances.A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will,for example,cause problems in2010,while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids. 45）And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder—kitchen rage.Section V Writing46.Directions:Among all the worthy feelings of mankind,love is probably the noblest,but everyone has his/her own understanding of it.There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper.Write an essay to the newspaper to1）show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below.2）give a specific example,and3）give your suggestion as to the best way to show love.第一部分英语知识应运试题解析一、文章总体分析本文是一篇报道性的文章，介绍了自露丝玛莉·韦斯特案件发生后，政府、法院、媒体各方面对于付款给证人的反应。

2001年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案与解析第一部分英语知识应运试题解析一、文章总体分析本文是一篇报道性的文章，介绍了自露丝玛莉·韦斯特案件发生后，政府、法院、媒体各方面对于付款给证人的反应。

文章第一段介绍了政府的反应：要禁止报界买断证人新闻的举动。

第二至六段介绍了以大法官埃尔温勋爵为代表的法院在这个问题上的态度。

最后一段介绍了露丝玛莉·韦斯特案件的始末。

在该案件中由于很多证人通过讲述他们的经历而从媒体获得报酬，结果导致被告数罪并罚，被判十项无期徒刑。

结论为付款给证人的做法成为一个颇有争议的问题。

二、试题具体解析1.[A]as to关于，至于[B]for instance举例[C]in particular特别地[D]such as例如[答案]D[解析]本题考核的知识点是：逻辑关系。

解答该题时，考生需要判断空格前后部分prominent cases和The trial of Rosemary West之间的关系，前者泛指“一些著名的案件”，后者是一个具体的案件，即“对露丝玛莉·韦斯特案件的审判”，可见两者是例证关系。

因此，所填入的选项应是一个表示“例如”或“像……一样”的连接词。

首先排除as to和in particular。

for instance（或for example）可表示“举例”，但放在句中多为插入语，且后面不可直接加宾语。

如：Here in Chicago,for instance,the movement was growing by leaps and bounds.（比如在芝加哥，运动正在迅猛发展）。

选项中只有介词短语such as可以接名词做宾语，表达“例如…，象这种的”的含义。

首段第一句话的结构比较复杂，中心句为The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers（政府要禁止报界付钱给证人），现在分词结构seeking to buy up...Rosemary West做后置定语，用来修饰newspapers，意为“试图收买涉及一些要案证人的报纸”。

2001高考试题及答案一、语文1. 阅读下列文言文，回答后面的问题。

（1）解释文中划线词语的含义。

（2）翻译文中划线的句子。

（3）分析文中人物的性格特点。

2. 现代文阅读。

（1）概括文章的中心思想。

（2）分析作者在文中运用的修辞手法。

（3）根据文章内容，回答下列问题。

3. 作文。

请以“我眼中的家乡”为题，写一篇不少于800字的文章。

二、数学1. 选择题。

（1）下列哪个选项是正确的？A. 2+2=5B. 3x-2=7C. 4y+6=10D. 5z^2-3=22. 填空题。

（1）计算下列表达式的值：2x+3，当x=1时。

（2）解方程：5y-1=4。

3. 解答题。

（1）证明：对于任意实数a和b，a^2+b^2≥2ab。

（2）求解下列方程组：\[\begin{cases}x+y=3 \\2x-y=1\end{cases}\]三、英语1. 听力理解。

（1）根据所听内容，选择正确的答案。

（2）填空题，完成对话。

2. 阅读理解。

（1）阅读下列短文，回答后面的问题。

（2）根据短文内容，判断下列陈述的正误。

3. 写作。

请以“A Day in My Life”为题，写一篇不少于120词的短文。

四、综合科目1. 物理选择题。

（1）下列哪个选项是正确的？A. 光在真空中的传播速度是3×10^8m/s。

B. 物体的加速度与速度成正比。

C. 电荷的定向移动形成电流。

D. 磁场对静止的电荷没有作用力。

2. 化学填空题。

（1）写出下列化学反应的化学方程式：铁与盐酸反应。

（2）解释下列化学现象：为什么氢气燃烧时火焰呈淡蓝色？3. 生物解答题。

（1）描述细胞分裂的过程。

（2）解释光合作用的原理。

以上为2001年高考试题及答案的排版及格式示例。

考研英语一2001真题考研英语一2001真题是考研英语备考过程中的一道经典题目。

这道题目要求考生根据所给材料，对中国传统文化进行分析和评价。

通过对这道题目的深入思考和解析，我们不仅可以掌握考研英语的解题技巧，还能对中国传统文化有更深入的了解。

首先，我们来看一下这道题目的材料。

材料中提到了中国传统文化的几个方面，包括孝道、儒家思想和尊师重道。

这些都是中国传统文化中非常重要的价值观和道德规范。

孝道强调子女对父母的尊敬和照顾，儒家思想强调人际关系的和谐和社会秩序的维护，尊师重道则强调对师长的尊敬和敬仰。

对于这些传统文化的评价，不同人可能有不同的看法。

有人认为，这些传统文化价值观是中国社会长期形成的，具有深厚的历史和文化底蕴，是中国社会和谐稳定的重要因素。

孝道、儒家思想和尊师重道的传承，使得中国社会具有较高的道德水准和秩序感，对社会的发展起到了积极的推动作用。

然而，也有人对这些传统文化价值观提出了质疑。

他们认为，这些价值观过于强调个体对集体的服从和顺从，限制了个人的自由和创造力。

孝道强调子女对父母的尊敬和照顾，但有时也可能导致对个人发展的约束。

儒家思想和尊师重道强调对师长的尊重和敬仰，但也可能导致对权威的盲从和创新的抑制。

对于这些不同的观点，我认为可以从两个方面进行思考。

首先，我们可以看到，中国传统文化的价值观和道德规范确实对中国社会的和谐稳定起到了重要的作用。

孝道、儒家思想和尊师重道的传承，使得中国社会具有较高的道德水准和秩序感。

这种社会秩序的维护对于一个国家的发展和稳定是非常重要的。

然而，我们也要看到，传统文化的某些价值观和道德规范在现代社会中可能需要进行适当的调整和改变。

现代社会注重个体的自由和创造力，需要更加平等和开放的社会环境。

因此，我们需要在传承和弘扬传统文化的同时，也要积极推动传统文化的创新和发展，以适应现代社会的需求。

总结起来，对于中国传统文化的评价，我们既要看到其积极的一面，也要看到其需要改进的一面。