Lesson 8 An Interactive Life
I. Background Information
The text is taken from American Newsweek. Newsweek is American news weekly established in Dayton, Ohio in 1933. In it domestic and international news is summarized, analyzed and categorized according to topics each week. It also has special sections devoted to arts, science, medicine, sports, etc. it is one of the three largest newsweeklies of America and has a wide domestic and international circulation. The authors of the text, Barbara Kantrowitz and Joshua Cooper Ramo are regular contributors to Newsweek
II．The general idea of the text
An interactive life will put the world at your finger tips, changing the ways you shop, play and learn. The ultimate promise of the interactive life is that you will be able to get a large amount of information over a wide range of topics by pressing a button. The dreams are possible thought there’s a dark side. The advice is “hang on for the ride”—wait for the future changes.
III．Words and expressions
the display:the display of various phonographs invented by Edison and other competitors represent the development of the phonograph machine in the tens of years/time of their development, and their development reflect the change of idea and purpose of the recording of so und in people’s mind.
Interactivity:
Interactive: (computer计) that allows information to be passed continuously and in both directions between a computer and the person who use it/交互式的，人机对话的；互动的
hype: n. (infml. often derog.) loud, exaggerated promotion or publicity; attempts to get a lot of public attention for things or people by saying loudly and often that they are very good, or better than they really are/夸张的宣传（某事物）
e.g. media hype 传媒宣传
to hype v. hyping their latest record with a lot of interviews 借大量采访大肆宣传他们的最新唱片
Terminator XII: an American science fiction movie series, starring the popular actor, Arnold Schwarzengger. The number XII implies a future installment of the series. 终结者第十二季
nailing down: making sure, settling
to nail sb. down:
a) to force (a person) to state clearly their intention or wishes./强迫（某人）表明意图
e.g. Before they repair the car, nail them down to a price.(=make them tell how much it will cost).
他们修车前，先让他们把价钱讲明白
b) AmE to reach a final and definite decision about something/[美]最终确定，对…做出定论
Two days isn’t enough time to nail down the details o f an agreement.
要把协议的所有的细节都确定下来，两天的时间是不够的。
nail sth．down: make sth．secure with nails; define sth．precisely 将某物用钉子钉牢，确定某物
例：they haven’t nailed down when and where to have a meeting．开会的时间和地点尚未确定。
to nail sth. up: If you nail sth. up, you fix it to a vertical surface using nails.
e.g. the warning notice that he had nailed up on the pole
Infrastructure:the basic systems or structures that a country or organization needs in order to work properly, for example, transport, communications, and banking systems/基础设施（如运输，通讯，银行制度等），基础结构
A country’s economic infrastructure/国家的经济基础设施
CD-ROM: Compact Discs with Read-Only-Memory
Buzzword: a word or phrase, especially one connected with a particular subject, that has become fashionable and popular and is used a lot in newspaper etc./（报刊等
的时髦用语）
"intelligent agents": man-made robots with similar intelligence with man/智能型机器人
agents with specific marching orders: each of the four agents do different things based on different orders of the computer operator
Each of the four agents are represented by four images of people wearing different clothes on the computer screen.
Implication(暗含的意思):These agents are just images and not actual robots that are actually produced in reality.
keep a tab／tabs on sth．／sb．: keep account of sth．／sb．：keep sb．／sth．under observation记某人的账，监视某人(某物)
例：keep tabs on who’s using the phone记录打电话人的名字
I t is not always possible to keep tabs on everyone’s movements.监视每个人的行动并不总是能办的到。
The police have been keeping tabs/ a tab on him.
spy on sb: to keep watch secretly/暗中监视；侦察；窥探
spy on the enemy’s movements/侦察敌方行动
spy into other people’s affairs/窥探他人的隐私
I’m sure my neighbors spy on me.我肯定邻居暗中监视我
levy a fee (to , upon):v. to demand and collect money officially; collect (a payment, etc) by authority or force/征收；征集（款额等）；强加某事物levy sth on sb
a departure tax levied on all travelers/向所有旅客征收的离境税
e.g. to levy a tax on tobacco 对烟草征税
elitism n. [U] derog. (behavior based on) the belief that there should be elites and that they deserve power, influence, special treatment, etc.; (believe in a) system, leadership, etc. that aims at developing an elite/旨在培养精英的体制、领导等（的主张）；精英主义
Many people believe that private education encouraged elitism. 许多人认为私
人办学可助长精英主义。
populism:n. type of politics that claims to represent the interests of ordinary people/平民主义；平民论（声言代表民众利益的政治主张）
populist: a person who claims to believe in the wisdom and judgment of ordinary people, esp. in political matters./平民主义者；平民论者
it's one thing ... (it's) quite another: this is a useful pattern, denoting contrast ...; 是一回事，…则是另一回事
e.g It is one thing for a teacher to speak and understand a language, quite another to consciously understand and explain the system of that language.
It’s one thing to think, and quite another to practice.
It’s one thing to talk big, an d quite another to put your words into practice.
Spin (sb) a yarn: tell (usu long) story, often in order to deceive sb/讲故事（通常很长，常用以蒙人）
The old sailor loves to spin yarns about his life at sea. 那老水手爱信口开河地讲他的航海生涯。
He spun us his unlikely yarn about being trapped for hours in a broken lift. 他对我们胡诌在坏电梯中困了几个小时。
hang on for the ride: we should hang on for the ride in the vehicle (car/train) of the interactive technology
we should grip the “方向盘” tightly for the ride in the vehicle of the interactive technology so as to walk the right way and keep the going of the car safe and so as not to let the vehicle of the interactive technology go astray
“ride”前面用的是定冠词“the” instead of 不定冠词“a”, 证明是以前提到过的
在这里用到了metaphor的用法，踏上这趟“交互作用科技”之旅IV．Paraphrase
To get an idea of what the future might bring, step into the past.
Paraphrase: In order to form a view of what will happen in the future, you need only to have a look at what happened in the past.
His competitors envisioned the greater potentia for entertainment and art. Where he saw internal memos, someone else saw Beethoven
Paraphrase: His business rivals saw in their minds that there was great possibility of using the machine for entertainment and art.
Game fanatics may be able to do the same from another electronic library filled with realistic video versions of arcade shoot-'em-ups.
Paraphrase: Those who are obsessed in video games may do it in the same way by contacting another electronic library which has a large number of video tapes recording the actual shootings and killings seen in video game shops.
"Interactivity" may be the biggest buzzword of the moment, but "convergence" is a close second.
Paraphrase: "Interactivity" for the time being may be the most used word which has little meaning but sounds impressive to outsiders while "convergence" follows "interactivity" closely in the second place in frequency.
Imagine the conversation: "Have I got a compatible user for you!" .
Paraphrase: Try to think what the conversation would be like: “I have got a user who wi ll suit you fine!”
If the tolls for using the information highway are too high, interactivity may widen the gap between the haves and the have-nots, the rich and wired vs. the poor and un-plugged.
Why may interactivity widen the gap?
Because those who have access to the information may have better opportunities since information and the speed of acquiring information are decisive in today's competition.
V. Figure of Speech
Simile
Metaphor
Synecdoche
VI. Structural Analysis
1. Paragraphs 1-2: Introduction of interactive life
a huge amount of information available to anyone at the touch of a button
2. Paragraphs 3-18: description of interactive life
A. difficult to understand because it’s still a long way
B. four phases: fake interactive, true interactive, complete viewer control, and final frontier
C. possible dreams because of large capacity chip, fibre optic cables and digitalization
D. dark side: no privacy, wide gap, considerable debate
3. Paragraph 19: Suggestion
hanging on for the ride
Lesson 1 词汇(Vocabulary) Bazaar (n.) : (in Oriental countries)a market or street of shops and stalls(东方国家的)市场，集市 ----------------------------------------------------------------- cavern (n．) : a cave，esp．a large cave洞穴，山洞(尤指大洞穴，大山洞) ----------------------------------------------------------------- shadowy (adj.) : dim；indistinct模糊的；朦胧的 ----------------------------------------------------------------- FONT style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: cornflowerblue" color=white>harmonious (adj．) : having musical tones combined to give a pleasing effect；consonant(音调)和谐的，悦耳的／harmoniously adv． ----------------------------------------------------------------- throng (n.) :a great number of people gathered together；crowd人群；群集 ----------------------------------------------------------------- conceivable (adj.) : that can be conceived，imagined 可想象的，想得到的 ----------------------------------------------------------------- din (n.) : a loud，continuous noise喧闹声，嘈杂声 ----------------------------------------------------------------- would-be ( adj．) : intended to be预期成为……的；将要成为……的 ----------------------------------------------------------------- muted (adj.) : (of a sound)made softer than is usual(声音)减弱的 ----------------------------------------------------------------- vaulted ( adj．) : having the form of a vault；arched 穹窿形的；拱形的 ----------------------------------------------------------------- sepulchral(n．) : a cave，esp．a large cave洞穴，山洞(尤指大洞穴，大山洞) ----------------------------------------------------------------- shadowy (adj.) : suggestive of the grave or burial；dismal；gloomy坟墓般的；阴森森的 ----------------------------------------------------------------- guild ( n．) : any association for mutual aid and the promotion of common interests互助会；协会 ----------------------------------------------------------------- trestle (n.) :a frame consising of a horizontal beam fastened to two pairs of spreading legs，used to support planks to form a table，platform，etc．支架；脚手台架；搁凳----------------------------------------------------------------- impinge (v．) : strike，hit，or dash；have an effect 撞击，冲击，冲撞；对……具有影响 ----------------------------------------------------------------- fairyland (n.) : the imaginary land where the fairies live；a lovely enchanting place仙境；奇境 ----------------------------------------------------------------- burnish ( v．) : make or become shiny by rubbing；polish擦亮；磨光；抛光 ----------------------------------------------------------------- brazier ( n.) : a metal pan，bowl，etc．，to hold burning coals or charcoal，as for warming a room or grilling food火盆；火钵 ----------------------------------------------------------------- dim ( v．) :make or grow unclear(使)变暗淡；(使)变模糊 ----------------------------------------------------------------- rhythmic /rhythmical ( adj．) :having rhythm有韵律的；有节奏的／rhythmically adv ----------------------------------------------------------------- bellows ( n.) :(sing．&p1.)a device that produces a stream of air through a narrow tube when its sides are pressed together(used for blowing fires，etc．)(单复同)风箱 ----------------------------------------------------------------- intricate ( adj．) :complex；hard to follow or understand because full of puzzling parts，details，or relationships；full of elaborate detail错综复杂的；精心制作的 ----------------------------------------------------------------- exotic ( adj．) :strange or different in a way that is striking or fascinating奇异的；异常迷人的 ----------------------------------------------------------------- sumptuous ( adj．) :involving great expense；costly lavish豪华的；奢侈的；昂贵的 ----------------------------------------------------------------- maze ( n.) : ----------------------------------------------------------------- ( n.) :a confusing，intricate network of winding pathways 迷津；迷宫；曲径 ----------------------------------------------------------------- honeycomb ( v．) :fill with holes like a honeycomb使成蜂窝状 ----------------------------------------------------------------- mosque ( n.) :a Moslem temple or place of worship清真寺；伊斯兰教堂
Bazaar (n.) (东方国家的)市场，集市cavern (n．) 洞穴，山洞(尤指大洞穴，大山洞) shadowy (adj.)模糊的；朦胧的consonant(音调)和谐的，悦耳的throng (n.)人群；群集conceivable (adj.)可想象的，想得到的din (n.)喧闹声，嘈杂声muted (adj.)(声音)减弱的 vaulted ( adj．)arched穹窿形的；拱形的sepulchral(n．)洞穴，山洞guild ( n．) 互助会；协会trestle (n.)支架；脚手台架；搁凳impinge (v．) 撞击，冲击，冲撞；对具有影响fairyland (n.) 仙境；奇境burnish ( v．)h擦亮；磨光；抛光brazier ( n.)火盆；火钵 dim ( v．)(使)变暗淡；(使)变模糊rhythmic /rhythmical ( adj．)有韵律的；有节奏的bellows (单复同)风箱intricate错综复杂的；精心制作的exotic 奇异的；异常迷人的sumptuous 豪华的；奢侈的；昂贵的maze ( n.) 迷津；迷宫；曲径honeycomb ( v．)使成蜂窝状mosque 清真寺；伊斯兰教堂 caravanserai 东方商队(或旅行队)的客店disdainful ( n.) 轻视的，轻蔑的；傲慢的bale ( n.) 大包，大捆linseed ( n.) 亚麻籽somber ( adj．)阴沉的；昏暗的pulp ( n.) 浆 ramshackle 要倒塌似的，摇摇欲坠的．dwarf 使矮小；使无足轻重；使(相形之下)显得渺小；使相形见绌 vat ( n.)大缸；大桶nimble ( adj．) 灵活的；敏捷的girder ( n.)大梁trickle ( n.细流；涓流 ooze ( v．)渗出；慢慢地流runnel小溪；小沟；小槽glisten (v．)(湿的表面或光滑面)反光；闪耀，闪光taut ( adj．)(绳子等)拉紧的，绷紧的thre ad one’s way小心，缓慢地挤过(不断地改变方向) follow suit赶潮流，学样narrow down缩小(范围，数字等) beat down(与卖主)往下砍价 make a point of认为是必要的take a hand帮助，帮忙 throw one’s weight on to (sth．)使劲压在(某物)上set…in motion使…一运动，移动 (选自埃德?凯编播的美国广播节目) 词汇(V ocabulary) reportorial ( adj.)报道的，报告的kimono和服preoccupation ( n.)令人全神贯注的事物 oblivious ( adj.) 忘却的；健忘的(常与of或to连用) bob ( v．) 上下跳动，晃动；行屈膝礼 ritual ( adj.) 仪式的，典礼的facade ( n.)(房屋)正面，门面lurch ( v．)突然向前(或向侧面)倾斜intermezzo ( n.)插曲；间奏曲gigantic ( adj.)巨大的，庞大的，其大无比的usher ( n.)门房；传达员 heave (v．) (费劲或痛苦地)发出(叹息、呻吟声等) barge ( n.) 大驳船；(尤指用于庆典的)大型游艇moor ( v．) 系泊；锚泊arresting (adj.)引人注目的；有趣的beige ( adj.) 米黄色；浅灰黄色的tatami ( n.) 日本人家里铺在地板上的稻草垫，榻榻米 stunning ( adj.) [口]极其漂亮的；极其出色的twinge ( n.) 刺痛，剧痛；痛心，懊悔，悔恨，内疚 slay ( v.) 杀害；毁掉linger ( v．) 苟延；历久犹存agony ( n.) (精神上或肉体上的)极度痛苦 inhibit ( v．) 抑制(感情等)；约束(行动等) spinal ( adj. ) d脊背的；脊柱的；脊髓的 agitated颤抖的；不安的，焦虑的；激动的reverie 梦想；幻想；白日梦heinous极可恨的极可恶的极坏的cataclysm ( n.)灾变(尤指洪水、地震等) demolish ( v拆毁，拆除；破坏，毁坏formaldehyde ( n.)[化]甲醛ether ( n.) [化]醚；乙醚humiliate ( v．)使受辱，使丢脸genetic (adj.)遗传的 have a lump in one’s throat如哽在喉，哽咽(因压制激动的情绪所致，如爱、悲伤等) on one’s mind占领某人的思绪，一直在想的(尤指忧虑的来源) rub shoulders with与(人们)联系，交往 set off:开始(旅行，赛跑等) flash by／alorig／past／through:急速向某方向运动 by trade:以…为谋生之道(尤指以制造某物为业) sink in: (指话语等)完全理解 horde ( n.) 群，人群croquet 槌球游戏luncheon ( n.)午餐；午宴；午餐(聚)会 Nazi (adj. & n.)德国国社党的，纳粹党的；纳粹党党员，纳粹分子cow ( v恫吓，吓唬，威胁indistinguishable ( adj. ) 不能区别的，不能辨别的，难区分的devoid ( adj.) 完全没有的，缺乏的(后接of) excel ( v优于；胜过ferocious ( adj.)凶猛的，残忍的；凶恶的unsay ( v)取消(前言)；收回(前言)
第一课中东的集市 中东的集市仿佛把你带回到了几百年、甚至几千年前的时代。此时此刻显现在我脑海中的这个中东集市，其入口处是一座古老的砖石结构的哥特式拱门。你首先要穿过一个赤日耀眼、灼热逼人的大型露天广场，然后走进一个凉爽、幽暗的洞穴。这市场一直向前延伸，一眼望不到尽头，消失在远处的阴影里。赶集的人们络绎不绝地进出市场，一些挂着铃铛的小毛驴穿行于这熙熙攘攘的人群中，边走边发出和谐悦耳的叮当叮当的响声。市场的路面约有十二英尺宽，但每隔几码远就会因为设在路边的小货摊的挤占而变窄；那儿出售的货物各种各样，应有尽有。你一走进市场，就可以听到摊贩们的叫卖声，赶毛驴的小伙计和脚夫们大着嗓门叫人让道的吆喝声，还有那些想买东西的人们与摊主讨价还价的争吵声。各种各样的噪声此伏彼起，不绝于耳，简直叫人头晕。 随后，当往市场深处走去时，人口处的喧闹声渐渐消失，眼前便是清静的布市了。这里的泥土地面，被无数双脚板踩踏得硬邦邦的，人走在上面几乎听不到脚步声了，而拱形的泥砖屋顶和墙壁也难得产生什么回音效果。布店的店主们一个个都是轻声轻气、慢条斯理的样子；买布的顾客们在这种沉闷压抑的气氛感染下，自然而然地也学着店主们的榜样，变得低声细语起来。 中东集市的特点之一是经销同类商品的店家，为避免相互间的竞争，不是分散在集市各处，而是都集中在一块儿，这样既便于让买主知道上哪儿找他们，同时他们自己也可以紧密地联合起来，结成同盟，以便保护自己不受欺侮和刁难。例如，在布市上，所有那1些卖衣料、窗帘布、椅套布等的商贩都把货摊一个接一个地排设在马路两边，每一个店铺门面前都摆有一列商品的搁板桌和一些存放货物的货架。讨价还价是人们习以为常的事。头戴面纱的妇女们迈着悠闲的步子从一个店铺逛到另一个店铺，一边挑选一边问价；在她们缩小选择围并开始正儿八经杀价之前，往往总要先同店主谈论几句，探探价底。 对于顾客来说，至关重要的一点是，不到最后一刻是不能让店主猜到她心里究竟中意哪样东西、想买哪样东西的。假如让店主猜中了她所要买的商品的话，他便会漫天要价，而且在还价过程中也很难作出让步。而在卖主那一方来说，他必须竭尽全力地声称，他开出的价钱使他根本无利可图，而他之所以愿意这样做完全是出于他本人对顾客的敬重。顾客有时来了又去，去了又来，因此，像这样讨价还价的情形有可能持续一整天，甚至好几天。 集市上最引人注目、给人印象最深刻的地方之一是铜器市场。你一走近这里，耳朵里便只听得见金属器皿互相碰击时所发出的一阵阵砰砰啪啪、丁丁当当的响声；走得越近，响声便越来越大，越来越清晰。直待你走到拐角处一转弯，眼前便出现了锃亮的铜器，它们映照着无数盏明灯和火盆，流光飞舞，有如仙境。每个铜匠铺子里都有几个徒工——他们都是一些男性青少年，其中有的年龄小得让人难以置信——在那里不停地锤打着一些形状各异、大小不一的铜器，而铺子的老板则在一旁指点着，有时也亲自操锤敲打几下。铺子的后边，还有一个小不点儿的徒工在那里用一根拴在大脚趾上的绳子鼓动着一个巨大的皮风箱，煽着一大炉炭火——燃烧着的木炭随着风箱的鼓动而有节奏地变得忽明忽暗。 在这里，你会看到许多精美的锅碗瓢盆，上面雕刻着各种精细复杂的传统图案，也能看到一些当地人日常使用的质朴无华的厨房用具，虽无花纹图案，但造形美观，经济实用。再走一处便是地毯市场。这儿有各种质地的地毯，它们色彩斑炯，花纹图案富有地方特色—
Lesson 15 No Signposts in the Sea Objectives of teaching: 1)get familiar with the background of the author; 2)understand the main idea and theme of this text; 3)master the key words and phrases and their use; 4)try to learn and appreciate the writing style of this passage Important and difficult points: 1)understand the main idea of this passage; 2)learn to use key words and phrases; 3) learn and appreciate the writing style I. Backgrounf information 1. About the author Victoria Mary Sackville- West (1892-1962) was an English poet and novelist, a member of the Bloomsbury group, an informal group of literary and artistic friends, a close friend of Virginia Woolf. Her poems include The Land (1926), Solitude (1938), The Garden (1946), All Passion Spent (1931). Her poetry is traditional in form, reminiscent of the work of the English nature poets of the age of romanticism. A prolific writer, Victoria Sackville-West is the author of 15 novels, as well as biographies and travel books. 2. About the novel No Signposts in the Sea This novel is writen in the form of a journal kept by a man called Edmund Carr, 50, an influential political columnist and bachelor. He learns that he has a limited time to live--- a few days or weeks, a month or two at most. How shall he spend them? In this quandary, he learns that a widow who he has lately met at random social occasions has booked passage on a cruise to the Far East. Her qualities, her intelligence and warmth stiffened by a deep reserve, have struck him as uncommon; he decided to be abroad. His contact with Laura, the widow, gives Carr an unfamiliar peace and a profound change in perspective. Power, prestige, practicality--- the former watchwords of his career--- lose their ring. Illusion, which he had adhorred, and the natural world, uninvaded by civilization, begin to seem transcendent. And a third-some Colonel arouses his all-too-human ignominy of jealousy, despair, meanness, and outbursts of disappointment against his ―rival‖. II．Detailed Study of the Text 1.I have never had much of an eye for noticing the clothes of women: I have never paid much attention to nor have ever had a keen appreciation of the clothes of women.
第二课 广岛——日本“最有活力”的城市 (节选) 雅各?丹瓦“广岛到了!大家请下车!”当世界上最快的高速列车减速驶进广岛车站并渐渐停稳时，那位身着日本火车站站长制服的男人口中喊出的一定是这样的话。我其实并没有听懂他在说些什么，一是因为他是用日语喊的，其次，则是因为我当时心情沉重，喉咙哽噎，忧思万缕，几乎顾不上去管那日本铁路官员说些什么。踏上这块土地，呼吸着广岛的空气，对我来说这行动本身已是一个令人激动的经历，其意义远远超过我以往所进行的任何一次旅行或采访活动。难道我不就是在犯罪现场吗? 这儿的日本人看来倒没有我这样的忧伤情绪。从车站外的人行道上看去，这儿的一切似乎都与日本其他城市没什么两样。身着和服的小姑娘和上了年纪的太太与西装打扮的少年和妇女摩肩接踵；神情严肃的男人们对周围的人群似乎视而不见，只顾着相互交淡，并不停地点头弯腰，互致问候：“多么阿里伽多戈扎伊马嘶。”还有人在使用杂货铺和烟草店门前挂着的小巧的红色电话通话。 “嗨!嗨!”出租汽车司机一看见旅客，就砰地打开车门，这样打着招呼。“嗨”，或者某个发音近似“嗨”的什么词，意思是“对”或“是”。“能送我到市政厅吗?”司机对着后视镜冲我一笑，又连声“嗨!”“嗨!”出租车穿过广岛市区狭窄的街巷全速奔驰，我们的身子随着司机手中方向盘的一次次急转而前俯后仰，东倒西歪。与此同时，这
座曾惨遭劫难的城市的高楼大厦则一座座地从我们身边飞掠而过。 正当我开始觉得路程太长时，汽车嘎地一声停了下来，司机下车去向警察问路。就像东京的情形一样，广岛的出租车司机对他们所在的城市往往不太熟悉，但因为怕在外国人面前丢脸，却又从不肯承认这一点。无论乘客指定的目的地在哪里，他们都毫不犹豫地应承下来，根本不考虑自己要花多长时间才能找到目的地。 这段小插曲后来终于结束了，我也就不知不觉地突然来到了宏伟的市政厅大楼前。当我出示了市长应我的采访要求而发送的请柬后，市政厅接待人员向我深深地鞠了一躬，然后声调悠扬地长叹了一口气。 “不是这儿，先生，”他用英语说道。“市长邀请您今天晚上同其他外宾一起在水上餐厅赴宴。您看，就是这儿。”他边说边为我在请柬背面勾划出了一张简略的示意图。 幸亏有了他画的图，我才找到一辆出租车把我直接送到了运河堤岸，那儿停泊着一艘顶篷颇像一般日本房屋屋顶的大游艇。由于地价过于昂贵，日本人便把传统日本式房屋建到了船上。漂浮在水面上的旧式日本小屋夹在一座座灰黄色摩天大楼之间，这一引人注目的景观正象征着和服与超短裙之间持续不断的斗争。 在水上餐厅的门口，一位身着和服、面色如玉、风姿绰约的迎宾女郎告诉我要脱鞋进屋。于是我便脱下鞋子，走进这座水上小屋里的一个低矮的房间，蹑手蹑脚地踏在柔软的榻榻米地席上，因想到要这样穿着袜子去见广岛市长而感到十分困窘不安。
Lesson Eleven On Getting Off to Sleep 一、Words and Expressions 1. avail n. 效用 use be of little/no avail 没有多大（一点儿）帮助、用处 Your advice is of no avail to us. 你的建议对我们一点儿帮助都没有。 to little/no avail, without avail 徒劳无功 v. avail oneself of sth. 使用，利用 make use of, make advantage of You must avail yourself of every opportunity to speak English. 你要利用一切机会说英语。 adj. available 2. bovine adj. i. 牛的ii. 迟钝的，笨拙的 dull, stupid 3. callous adj. 冷酷无情的 cool, indifferent, cruel, unsympathetic 4. corporal adj. of the human body 体罚 corporal punishment 5. crooked adj. 歪的，弯曲的 not straight, twisted, bent, curved 不老实的，不正当的dishonest, illegal crooked business 奸商 6. crushing 强烈的，压倒一切的dominant, overwhelming dashing：energetic 7. depth/width/strength/length 8. event—eventful（变故多的, 重要的, 多事的）—eventual（最后的） a eventful year/life eventual: final, ultimate 9. perish: v. 破坏，灭亡destroy, die Thousands of people perished in the earthquake. 那次地震死者数以千计。 腐烂，老化rot adj. perishable 易腐烂的，易坏的 Perishable food should be stored in the refrigerator. 易腐烂的食物应该储存在冰箱里。 imperishable 不朽的 10. inconsistency n. 不一致 adj. consistent一贯的，前后一致的adv. consistently be consistent with = in agreement What you say now is not consistent with what you said last week. 你现在说的话与你上星期说的不相符。 n. consistency 一贯性，一致性 Your views lack consistency. 你的观点缺乏一致性。 11. effect—efficient—effectual—ineffectuality（无效，不灵验） 12. human—humanity—inhuman（非人的，无情的） 13. legion n. 大量，众多 a large number
Lesson one The Middle Eastern Bazaar 一．Background information 二．Brief overview and writing style This text is a piece of description. In this article, the author describes a vivid and live scene of noisy hilarity of the Middle Eastern Bazaar to readers. At first, he describes the general atmosphere of the bazaar. The entrance of the bazaar is aged and noisy. However, as one goes through the bazaar, the noise the entrance fades away. One of the peculiarities of the Eastern bazaar is that shopkeepers dealing in the same kind of goods gather in the same area. Then the author introduces some strategies for bargaining with the seller in the bazaar which are quite useful. After that he describes some impressive specific market of the bazaar particularly includ ing the copper-smiths market, the carpet-market, the spice-market, the food-market, the dye-market, the pottery-market and the carpenter‘s market which honeycomb the bazaar. The typical animal in desert----camels----can also attract attention by their disdainful expressions. To the author the most unforgettable thing in the bazaar is the place where people make linseed oil. Hence he describes this complicated course with great details. The author‘s vivid and splendid description takes readers back to hundreds of thousands of years age to the aged middle eastern bazaar, which gives the article an obvious diachronic and spatial sense. The appeal to readers‘visual and hearing sense throughout the description is also a marked feature of this piece of writing. In short, being a Westerner, the author views the oriental culture and civilization as old and backward but interesting and fantastic. Through careful observation and detailed comparison, the author depicts some new and original peculiarities of the Middle Eastern bazaar which are unique and distinguished. 三．Detailed study of the text Paragraph 1 the general atmosphere of the bazaar 1. The Middle Eastern bazaar takes you back…of years: 1) Middle East: generally referring to the area from Afghanistan to Egypt, including the Arabian Peninsula, Cyprus, and Asiatic Turkey. 2) A bazaar is an oriental market-place where a variety of goods is sold. The word perhaps comes from the Persian word bazar.（中东和印度等的）集市，市场 Paraphrase: The bazaar can be traced back to many centuries ago. The architecture was ancient, the bricks and stones were aged and the economy was a handicraft economy which no longer existed in the West. 2. The one I am thinking of particularly is entered…: 1) is entered..: The present tense used here is called ―historical present(历史现在时)‖. It is used for vividness. 2) Gothic: of a style of building in Western Europe between the 12th and 16th centuries, with pointed arches , arched roofs, tall thin pillars, and stained glass windows. 3) aged: having existed long; very old 3. Y ou pass from the heat and glare of a big open square into a cool, dark cavern…: 1) Here ―the heat‖is contrasted with ―cool‖, ―glare‖with ―dark‖, and ―open square‖with ―cavern‖. 2) glare: strong, fierce, unpleasant light, not so agreeable and welcome as ―bright sunlight‖.强光， 耀眼的光 3) ―cavern‖here does not really mean a cave or an underground chamber. From the text we can see it is a long, narrow, dark street of workshops and shops with some sort of a roof over them.
中东的集市 1．中东的集市仿佛把你带回到了几百年、甚至几千年前的时代。此时此刻显现在我脑海中的这个中东集市，入口处是一座哥特式拱门，门上的砖石年代久远。穿过耀眼、灼热的大型露天广场进入集市，仿佛走入了一个凉爽、幽暗的洞穴。集市蜿蜒伸展，一眼望不到尽头，最后消失在远处的阴影里。赶集的人们络绎不绝地进出市场，挂着铃铛的小毛驴穿行于熙熙攘攘的人群中，边走边发出和谐悦耳的叮当声。集市的路面约有十二英尺宽，但每隔几码远就会因为设在路边的小货摊的挤占而变窄；那儿出售的货物各种各样，应有尽有。你一走进市场，就可以听到摊贩们的叫卖声，赶毛驴的小伙计和脚夫们大着嗓门叫人让道的吆喝声，还有那些想买东西的人们与摊主讨价还价的争吵声。各种各样的噪声此伏彼起，不绝于耳，简直叫人头晕。 2.随后，当你走人集市的深处，人口处的喧闹声渐渐消失，眼前便是清静的布市了。这里的泥土地面，被无数双脚板踩踏得硬邦邦的，人走在上面几乎听不到脚步声了，而拱形的泥砖屋顶和墙壁也难得产生什么回音效果。布店的店主们一个个都是轻声细语、慢条斯理的样子；买布的顾客们在这种沉闷压抑的气氛感染下，自然而然地也学着店主们的样子，低声细语地说话。 3.中东集市的特点之一是经销同类商品的店家，不是分散在集市各处以避免相互间的竞争，而是都集中在一块儿，这样既便于让买主知道上哪儿找他们，同时他们自己也可以紧密地联合起来，结成同盟，以便共同反对迫害和不公正待遇。例如，在布市上，所有卖衣料、窗帘布、椅套布等的商贩都把货摊一个接一个地排设在马路两边，每一个店铺门面前都摆有一张陈列商品的搁板桌和一些存放货物的货架。讨价还价是人们习以为常的事。头戴面纱的妇女们迈着悠闲的步子从一个店铺逛到另一个店铺，一边挑选一边问价；在她们缩小选择范围并开始正儿八经杀价之前，往往总要先同店主谈论几句，探探价底。 4. 对于顾客来说，不到最后一刻绝不能让店主猜到她心里究竟中意哪样东西、想买哪样东西，因为这是个关乎面子的事情。假如店主猜中了她所要买的商品的话，他便会漫天要价，而且在还价过程中不肯做出让步。而在卖主那一方来说，他必须竭尽全力地声称，他开出的价钱根本无利可图，而他之所以愿意这样做完全是出于他本人对顾客的敬重。顾客有时来了又去，去了又来，因此，像这样讨价还价的情形有可能持续一整天，甚至好几天。 5.集市上最引人注目、给人印象最深刻的地方之一是铜器市场。你一走近这里，耳朵里便只听得见金属器皿互相碰击时所发出的一阵阵砰砰啪啪、丁丁当当的响声；走得越近，响声便越来越大，越
0901班 俸翠红 A Rural Market The rural market did not disappear like the most feudalism background markets which were famous for realm characters until now. Because of a revolution policy which was revolved the interests of the hosts even the neighbors the market was injured in youth, and it had already been a charismatic old man, persistent and dignified. Truthfully, whoever you were, you would be attracted by the marvelous scenic, and the market wasn’t violated that was to a vast expanse of the land. Deserve to be mentioned, the sun sometimes shines brightly, but suddenly a period of rain comes upon the market, you couldn’t know and without any resistant. At the moment the people in the rural market did not know what to do, however, it was a great gospel to the timely rain from which the dry and dusty market benefited the glowing. The rural market didn’t surround much different buildings, looking far and wide in a two-storey building, So it was no doubt that the centre market got together large numbers of buyers and sellers about three or four hours at forenoon. Y ou passed crowds from the shouting vigorously by sellers, and of would be purchasers
Lesson Twelve Why I Write 一、Words and Expressions 1.aesthetic-esthetic adj.美学的，审美的，艺术的 美学标准aesthetic standards 美感 aesthetic sense 这个建筑的设计很美观。 The design of this building is very aesthetic. adv.aesthetically n.aesthetics 美学 2.arrest-arresting v.-adj. put/place sb.under arrest 她因为企图盗窃被捕了。 She was put under arrest for attempted burglary. adj.arresting: striking, appealing, attractive arresting smile/gesture/behavior 3.backbone n.脊柱，中坚，栋梁，勇气， support 这一代的年轻人是国家的栋梁之才。 The young of this generation are the backbone of the country. He has no backbone.他没有脊梁骨（没有坚强的性格）。 to the backbone彻底地 backlog 积压的工作 a backlog of work, unanswered letters back number 过期的期刊 4.bout n. I.bout of (doing) sth.一回，一阵 II.(疾病的)侵袭，发作 a bout of flu 她患多发性抑郁症。She suffered from frequent bouts of depression. III.拳击或摔跤比赛。 https://www.doczj.com/doc/e810308327.html,pulsion n.强制 being compelled I．under compulsion 他勉强接受他们的邀请。 He accepted their invitation under compulsion. II．欲望，冲动 毁物欲a compulsion to destroy things https://www.doczj.com/doc/e810308327.html,pulsive 强迫性的，上瘾的 a compulsive gambling He is a compulsive liar.他说谎成性。 https://www.doczj.com/doc/e810308327.html,pulsory 必须做的，有义务的 必修课compulsory course 我们国家实行义务兵役制。 In our country, military service is compulsory. https://www.doczj.com/doc/e810308327.html,pulsorily