《马克思主义基本原理概论》考前测试题（一）
一、单项选择题(本大题共25小题,每小题2分,共50分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是最符合题目要求的,请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选或未选均无分。
1.马克思主义的创始人是（）
A.马克思和李嘉图
B.马克思和圣西门
C.马克思和费尔巴哈
D.马克思和恩格斯
2.学习马克思主义的根本方法是（）
A.理论联系实际
B.矛盾分析法
C.阶级斗争分析法
D.主客观相结合分析法
3.列宁的物质定义表明,客观实在性是（）
A.生命物质的共性
B.自然物质的共性
C.有形物质的共性
D.一切物质的共性
4.新事物之所以必然战胜旧事物,从根本上说是由于（）
A.新事物是在旧事物之后产生的
B.新事物具有旧事物所没有的新形式
C.新事物具有旧事物所没有的新内容
D.新事物较旧事物更符合事物发展的必然趋势
5.在实际工作中,要注意掌握分寸,防止“过”或“不及”,这在哲学上属于（）
A.抓事物的主要矛盾
B.确定事物的质
C.认识事物的量
D.把握事物的度
6.党的思想路线是:一切从实际出发,理论联系实际,实事求是,在实践中检验和发展真理。其核心是（）
A.一切从实际出发
B.理论联系实际
C.实事求是
D.在实践中检验和发展真理
7.马克思主义认识论认为,认识的本质是（）
A.主体对客体的直观反映
B.主体对客体的自由创造
C.主体对客体的能动反映
D.主体对客体的简单摹写
8.“感觉到了的东西,我们不能立刻理解它,只有理解了的东西才能更深刻地感觉它”,这句话表明（）
A.感性认识是微不足道的
B.感性认识是认识的高级阶段
人力资源管理师四级考前冲刺精选试题及答案解析（附答案解析） 一、选择题 1在常见的绩效信息采集方法中,()是考评人员到有关数据统计或汇总的权威部门查证有关数据采集考核信息。 A.实地调查法 B.现场记录法 C.数据积累法 D.问卷调查法 参考答案：C 参考解析： 常见的绩效信息采集方法包括:①实地调查法;②现场记录法;③数据积累法; ④问卷调查法;⑤抽样调查法。其中,数据积累法是指考评人员到有关数据统计或汇总的权威部门查证有关数据采集考核信息。 2下列陈述中,符合绩效考核指标设置要求的是()。 A.让顾客完全满意 B.熟悉设备的使用和维护 C.尽量节约时间 D.每月废品率不超过1% 参考答案：D 参考解析：
绩效应以完成工作所达到的可接受的条件为标准,不宜定得过高。由于绩效标准是考评评判的基础,因此,必须客观化、定量化,具体做法是将考评要项逐一分解,形成考评的评判标准。只有D项指标符合客观化、定量化的要求。 3绩效管理制度的基本内容不包括()。 A.绩效管理的目标 B.员工申诉的管理办法 C.职位晋升的标准 D.考评结果应用原则及配套措施 参考答案：C 参考解析： 在起草和编写企业员工绩效管理制度时,至少应当包括以下十个方面的基本内容:①概括说明建立绩效管理制度的原因、绩效管理的地位和作用;②对绩效管理的组织机构设置、职责范围、业务分工,以及各级参与绩效管理活动的人员的责任、权限、义务和要求做出具体的规定;③明确规定绩效管理的目标、程序和步骤,以及具体实施过程中应当遵守的基本原则和具体的要求;④对各类人员绩效考评的方法、设计的依据和基本原理、考评指标和标准体系做出简要确切的解释和说明;⑤详细规定绩效考评的类别、层次和考评期限;⑥对绩效管理中所使用的报表格式、考评量表、统计口径、填写方法、评述撰写和上报期限,以及对考评结果偏误的控制和剔除提出具体的要求;⑦对绩效考评结果的应用原则和要求,以及与之配套的薪酬奖励、人事调整、晋升培训等规章制度的贯彻实施和相关政策的兑现办法做出明确规定;⑧对各个职能和业务部门年度绩效管理总结、表彰活动和要求做出原则规定;⑨对绩效考评中员工申诉的权利、具体程序和管理办法
四级考前冲刺试题一 1. 有人认为公交车上年轻人必须给老人让座 2. 有人认为年轻人没有义务给老人让座 3. 你的看法Is Offering Seats Compulsory for Young Passengers? Eat an Apple (Doctor’s Orders) The farm stand is becoming the new apothecary (药剂师), preparing and giving out apples — not to mention vegetables such as artichokes, asparagus and arugula — to fill a novel kind of prescription. Doctors at three health centers in Massachusetts have begun advising patients to eat “prescription produce” from local farmers’ markets, in an effort to fight obesity (when someone is very fat in a way that is unhealthy) in children of low-income families. Now they will give coupons (赠券) amounting to $1 a day for each member of a patient’s family to promote healthy meals. “A lot of these kids have a very limited range of fruits and vegetables that are acceptable and familiar to them. Potentially, they will try more,” said Dr. Suki Tepperberg, a family physician at Codman Square Health Center in Dorchester, one of the program sites. “The goal is to get them to increase their consumption of fruit and vegetables by one serving a day.” The effort may also help farmers’ markets compete with fast-food restaurants selling dollar value meals. Farmers’ markets do more than $1 billion in annual sales in the United States, according to the Agriculture Department. Massachusetts was one of the first states to promote these markets as hubs of preventive health. In the 1980s, for example, the state began issuing coupons for farmers’ markets to low-income women who were pregnant or breast-feeding or for young children at risk for malnutrition (营养不良). Thirty-six states now have such farmers’ market nutri tion programs aimed at women and young children. Thomas M. Menino, the mayor of Boston, said he believed the new children’s program, in which doctors write vegetable “prescriptions” to be filled at farmers’ markets, was the first of its kind. Doctors will track participants to determine how the program affects their eating patterns and to monitor health indicators like weight and body mass index, he said. “When I go to work in the morning, I see kids standing at the bus stop eating chips and drinking a soda,” Mr. Menino said in a phone interview earlier this week. “I hope this will help them change their eating habits and lead to a healthier lifestyle.” The mayor’s attention to healthy eating dates to his days as a city councilman. Most recently he has app ointed a well-known chef as a food policy director to promote local foods in public schools and to foster market gardens in the city. Although obesity is a complex problem unlikely to be solved just by eating more vegetables, supporters of the vegetable coupon program hope that physician intervention will spur young people to adopt the kind of behavioral changes that can help prevent lifelong obesity. Childhood obesity in the United States costs $14.1 billion annually in direct health expenses like prescription drugs and visits to doctors and emergency rooms, according to a recent article on the economics of childhood obesity published in the journal Health Affairs. Treating obesity-related illness in adults costs an estimated $147 billion annually, the article said. Although the vegetable prescription pilot project is small, its supporters see it as a model for encouraging obese children and their families to increase the volume and variety of fresh produce they eat. “Can we help people in low-income areas, who shop in the center of supermarkets for low-cost empty-calorie food, to shop at farmers’ markets by making fruit and vegetables more affordable?” said Gus Schumacher, the chairman of Wholesome Wave, a nonprofit gro up in Bridgeport, Conn., that supports family farmers and community access to locally grown produce. If the pilot project is successful, Mr. Schumacher said, “farmers’ markets would become like a fruit and vegetable pharmacy (药房) for at-risk families.” The pilot project plans to enroll up to 50 families of four at three health centers in Massachusetts that already have specialized children’s programs called healthy weight clinics. A foundation called CAVU, for Ceiling and Visibility Unlimited, sponsors the clinics that are administering the vegetable project. The Massachusetts Department of Agriculture and Wholesome Wave each contributed $10,000 in seed money. (Another arm of the program, at several health centers in Maine, is giving fresh produce coupons to pregnant mothers.) The program i s to run until the end of the farmers’ market season in late fall. One month after Leslie-Ann Ogiste, a certified nursing assistant in Boston, and her 9-year-old son, Makael Constance, received their first vegetable prescription coupons at the Codman Center, they have lost a combined four pounds, she said. A staff member at the center told Ms. Ogiste about a farmers’ market that is five minutes from her apartment, she said. “It worked wonders,” said Ms. Ogiste, who bought and prepared eggplant, cucumbers, tomatoes, summer squash, corn, bok choy, parsley, carrots and red onions. “Just the variety, it did help.” Ms. Ogiste said she had minced some vegetables and used them in soup, pasta sauce and rice dishes — the better to disguise the new good-for-you foods that she served her son. Makael said he did not mind. “It’s really good,” he said. Some nutrition researchers said that the Massachusetts project had a good chance of improving eating habits in the short term. But, they added, a vegetable prescription program in isolation may not have a long-term influence on reducing obesity. Families may revert to their former habits in the winter when the farmers’ markets are closed, these researchers said, or they may not be able to afford fresh pr oduce after the voucher program ends. Dr. Shikha Anand, the medical director of CAVU’s healthy weight initiative, said the group hoped to make the veggie prescript ion project a year-round program through partnerships with grocery stores. But people tend to overeat junk food in higher proportion than they undereat vegetables, said Dr. Deborah A. Cohen, a senior natural scientist at the RAND Corporation. So, unless people curtail (减少) excessive consumption of salty and sugary snacks, she said, behavioral changes like eating more fruit and vegetables will have limited effect on obesity.
大学英语四级考试模拟试题
大学英语四级考试模拟试题 Model Test Five Part ⅠListening Comprehension Directions: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. Choose the correct answer---A, B, C or D, and then, mark your answer by writing the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Section A (C) 11. A) He will only be available in the afternoon. B) It’s not his office hour. C) He doesn’t have time. D) He is too tired after class. (A) 12. A) The woman insists on going out. B) The woman doesn’t like watching TV. C) The man promised her a gift on her birthday. D) The man is too tired to go out. (B) 13. A) There are too many courses offered to
四级考前冲刺试题二 Care of Parents Also Means Taking Care of Finances Denise Egebrecht needed a break. It had been three years since her 86-year-old mother, Eleanor Schwartz, moved in with her and her husband in their home in Johnsburg, Ill. Mrs. Schwartz has Alz heimer’s disease (老年痴呆症) and has trouble moving around, so Mrs. Egebrecht helps her mother with her shower each day, makes sure she’s fed and takes her on small excursions (远足) to the mall in a portable wheelchair. The routine includes occasionally reminding her mother of what day it is and where she’s living. Mrs. Egebrecht does all this while also raising her 8-year-old daughter Jaqueline and juggling a full-time job. “My mom took care of me all of my life,” says Mrs. Egebrecht. “Of course I’m going to ta ke care of her now. She’ll live here as long as she’s able.” But money was an issue. For a time, Mrs. Egebrecht was out of work, having lost her job last year. Although her husband was still employed, without her salary she found it increasingly difficult to pay $180 a week for the adult day care center Mrs. Schwartz attends regularly. Then, through the Family Alliance office in her town, Mrs. Egebrecht heard about a $1,000 “respite care (临时看护)” grant sponsored by the Alzheimer’s Foundation of America (AFA). Intended to give primary caregivers the break they so often need, the grant money must be used to pay for temporary substitute care, said Carol Steinberg, executive vice president of the Alzheimer’s Foundation. Mrs. Egebrecht applied for and received the grant, which meant her mother could continue to go to the adult day care center and Mrs. Egebrecht had time to find another job, which she has. Mrs. Egebrecht is one of the growing numbers of Americans facing the financial squeeze that can come from caring for elderly parents. About 30 percent of adult children in the United States contribute financially to their parents’ care, according to the Pew Research Center. On average these children pay $2,400 a year on everything from uncovered medical expenses to making sure the refrigerator is stocked each week. The money often goes to parents who diligently saved all their lives, but in the face of longer life spans and chronic illness, the savings just isn’t enough. With all of the overwhelming emotional an d medical aspects of caring for elderly parents, it’s natural to ignore the consequences of spending large amounts of money on them. But so often adult children end up ignoring their own savings and retirement accounts or, worse, go into debt, because they’re taking care of their parents, says Tim Casserly, a lawyer in Albany who specializes in issues of elderly care. And if you jeopardize (损害) your own finances now, you risk putting your children in the same tough spot down the line. One way out of this bind? Take full advantage of the hundreds of government and nonprofit programs and services geared to the elderly throughout the country. “There’s lots of help out there, but also lots of reasons why families don’t use it,” said Mr. Casserly. Some people may think their parents have too much money to qualify even though many of the programs are available to elderly people with incomes of more than $100,000. Or the parents may be too proud to accept help. What’s more, these services can be difficult and time-consuming to find. And it can be a challenge to deal with the paperwork and red tape, especially when you’re already overwhelmed by the daily demands of taking care of an older parent. To help make the search for help easier, here is expert advice and several resources that will help you find what you need to take care of your aging parents. THE FIRST STEP Have the hard talk. “So often I see clients who are in the middle of this situation but know very little about their parents’ finances,” said Henni F isher, a Brooklyn clinical social worker who specializes in geriatrics (老人病学). Your parents may be unwilling or unable to give details. Or you may be uncomfortable bringing up the subject. “It isn’t easy making the transition from the one being cared for to the one giving the care,” said Ms. Fisher. But you can’t put the conversation off any longer. Reassure your parents that you’re not trying to take control away from them. You’re simply trying to make sure that they have everything they need and that you understand everything they want.
1在SWOT分析图中，位于第Ⅱ象限的企业应采取( )战略。 A.扭转型 B.增长型 C.防御型 D.多种经营型 参考答案：A 参考解析： SWOT法是对企业内部条件和外部环境的综合分析，其在对企业进行综合分析后为企业提供了四种可供选择的战：增长型战(SO)、扭转型战(WO)、防御型战(WT)和多种经营型战(ST)。在SWOT分析图中，位于第Ⅱ象限的企业有外部机会但缺少内部条件，可以采取扭转型战，改变企业内部的不利条件。 2( )不是劳动监督检查制度方面的内容。 A.纠正违反劳动法的行为和现象 B.检查企业的社会保险缴费情况 C.检查企业的劳动安全卫生条件 D.调查和解决企业工资差距问题 参考答案：D 参考解析： 劳动法的监督检查制度是为有效地贯彻实施劳动法，保护劳动者的合法权益，对用人单位和其他有关单位遵守劳动法的情况实行监督、检查、纠偏、处罚活动的主体、监督检查的目的、监督检查的客体、监督检查的方式，对违反劳动法的行为进行制止、纠正和追究违法行为人法律责任的规定的总称。 3下列劳动力需求曲线(图1—2)中，( )表示劳动力需求量变动相对于工资率变动富有弹性。 参考答案：C 参考解析： 4正常情况下，依照法定程序延长的工作时间每月不能超过( )。 A.20小时 B.36小时 C.30小时 D.40小时 参考答案：B 参考解析： 劳动标准制度对工作时间有如下规定：在正常情况下可以低于每日8小时的标准工作日，但是不能约定超过8小时的工作日，依照法定程序延长工作时间的不在此列;即使依照法定程序延长工作时间，在正常情况下，每月也不能超过36小时。 5差异化战略的制定原则包括效益原则、适当原则和( )。 A.领先原则 B.有效原则 C.经济原则 D.持久原则 参考答案：B 参考解析： 差异化战是企业力求在本行业建立区别于其他企业的独特品质，从而得到超过一般报酬水平的战。差异化战的制定原则包括效益原则、适当原则和有效原则。 6( )又称为“华德决策准则”。
大学英语四级考前阅读冲刺复习应做到三精读一略读 距离四级考试还有10天左右的时间，复习也进入了最后阶段，建议各位考生利用这最后的时间进一步提升考试能力,找到冲刺的感觉。 冲刺备考 一、模考。 尚未进行过模考的同学应该利用上午时段，严格按照考试时间进行1-3次模考。模考建议用06年6月四级改革以后的4套真题。由于目前还没有一套模拟题可以像真题一样更贴近真题难度，所以不建议用模拟题。大家一定要通过对真题的模考来检验自己的真实水平，并适应考试的强度。尽量避免出现在考场上大脑一片空白或是在听完听力以后感觉耗尽了精力没办法让自己在集中精神在阅读文章上的情况。新增加的两类题型快速阅读和选词填空到目前为止只考过4次，这4篇真题就是最好的复习依据。 二、新题型。 在四级改革后的4次考试中，快速阅读作为一种新题型，呈现出多样化的特点：有的有小标题，有的没有小标题;有的题型是判断+填空，有的是四选一+填空。在多样化的表象背后有一个共性：那就是快速阅读的考察目的，即考生在短时间内处理大量信息的能力。 这就要求考生必须掌握略读(skimming)和寻读(scanning)技巧。略读，就是只读文章的标题、首段、小标题，了解文章的主题和结构。寻读，就是根据题干的关键词在原文中定位。这里要提醒考生一点，在运用寻读技巧做题的时候，不要像做仔细阅读那样一次把所有题干都看完，建议看一题做一题，按照题目顺序在文章中找定位，这样又快又准确。 快速阅读的四选一题型的难度比仔细阅读低很多，关键是要找到原文的同义替换。判断题NG选项难度稍大，如无把握就判断为N。填空题如果有难度，可以做一个简单的减法:把原文中与题干相同的成分去掉，原文剩下的部分照抄就是答案。 新四级另一种新题型是选词填空。选词填空的难度比完形填空低，主要考察考生的词汇水平。所以对于15个备选单词，考生认识得越多得分就会越高。建议重点背已经考过的选项、完形填空中的选项、阅读文章中不认识的单词以及四级高频词汇。做题技巧是：先把备选单词按词性分类，然后根据空白前后的单词词性来判断该空白填什么词性的单词，最后根据上下句内容来选择正确的单词。 三、老题型的新特点。 新四级的仔细阅读增加了文章的长度和段落数量，题型向细节性方向发展。仔细阅读要求做到三精读一略读。一是精读文章首段和每段第一次出现的结论句，了解文章的主题和结构。二是精读关键词定位的地方，请注意，细节题题干都是相应原文的变形(如同义改写、词性转换等)，因此要找到答案一定要找到题干在原文中的出处，再把原文和选项相比较，
2019大学英语四级听力考试模拟试题(6) 听录音把文中空白处补全 In many countries, authority is seldom questioned, either because it is highly respected, or because it is (1) _______. Sometimes, too, because (2) _______ has been important in certain societies for a long time, people have been trained never to question those in authority. In other countries, (3) _______America, children are trained to question and search for answers. When a child asks a question, he will be often told to go to the library and find the answer for himself. By the time students reach the age of 14 or 15, they may be (4) _______ exciting new ideas in all fields of science and the arts. To encourage such creativity, there are many national (5) _______ offered to students every year for their scientific discoveries and artistic (6) _______. This interest in questioning and searching may be (7) _______ by some people as bad for young people’s (8) _______, that young people lack respect for authority. (9) ___________________. However, this is because many Americans have different attitudes toward authority that may exist in other areas of the world. In a work or business situation, ideas are freely and openly discussed and argued. (10)_________________________. The two are quite separate. The purpose of the searching, questioning, and arguing is to find the facts in a particular situation, and therefore a solution, (11) ______________________________. 1.feared 2.rank
最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！ 洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：https://www.doczj.com/doc/e85510405.html,/wenkxd.htm（报名网址）Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth ) (25 minutes ) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not_ use__any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. Have you ever been afraid to talk back when you were treated 47 ? Have you ever bought something just because the salesman talked you into it? Are you afr aid to ask someone for a date? Many people are afraid to assert (表现) themselves. Dr. Alberti thinks it’s because their self-respect is low. "Our whole 48 is designed to make people distrust themselves," says Alberti. "There’s always ’49 ’aroundT--a parent, a teacher, a boss--who ’knows better’. These superiors often gain when they chip (削弱) away at your self-image." But Alberti and other scientists are doing something to help people 50 themselves. They 51 "assertiveness training" courses--AT for short. In the AT courses people learn that they have a right to be themselves. They learn to speak out and feel good about doing so. They learn to be more 52 without hurting other people. In one way, learning to speak out is to 53 fear. A group taking a course will help the timid person to lose his fear. But AT uses an even stronger 54 --the need to share. The timid person speaks out in the group because he wants to tell how he feels. Whether or not you speak up for yourself depends on your self-image. If someone you face is more "important" than you, you may feel less of a person. You start to 55 your own good sense. You go by the other person’s 56 . But, why should you? AT says you can get to feel good about yourself. And once you do, you can learn to speak out. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and marie the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Question 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. When the Earth shook here on March 26th, 2000, it helped geologists to figure out how the Earth around Seattle would shake during the real thing less than a year later. When Seattle’s Kingdome was demolished with explosives, more than 200