下载文档原格式
动词突破篇动词(短语)表示主语的动作、存在、变化或态度。
动词按照动词的意义可以分为实义动词、情态动词、系动词、助动词。
第一讲谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致动词时态历来是高考考查的重点。
动词时态考查虽多，但考向非常集中，最常考的是一般过去时和一般现在时，其次是现在完成时，其他时态考查相对较少。
因此备考重点是：①动词时态的基本用法②动词语态的基本用法③主谓一致动词时态的知识网络(以动词do为例)1.一般时态(1)一般现在时①表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。
We have meals three times a day.我们一日吃三餐。
②表示客观真理、科学事实及自然现象。
The sun sets in the west.太阳从西方落下。
③在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
I’ll write to her when I have time.有时间我会写信给她。
(2)一般过去时①表示过去发生的一次性或习惯性动作或状态。
We often played basketball together.我们(过去)经常在一起打篮球。
②时间、条件、让步状语从句中，若主句用了过去将来时，从句常用一般过去时。
He said he would tell her the news as soon as he met her.他说他一见到她就把这个消息告诉她。
单句语法填空①The 80，000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed (form) the core collection of the British Museum which/that opened in 1759.(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ语法填空)②The unmanned Chang’e－4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess—touched (touch) down last week in the South Pole－Aitken basin.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)③When/As he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed (point) down the river.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)④New methods meant__(mean)that fewer people worked in farming.(2020·浙江卷语法填空)⑤While running regularly can’t make you live forever，the review says it is(be) more effective at lengthening life than walking，cycling or swimming.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)⑥Sarah says，“My dad thinks I should take the offer now.But at the moment，school comes (come) first.I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling.”(全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)2．进行时态(1)现在进行时(am/is/are＋现在分词)①表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
考点02 名词和主谓一致名词是历年高考的重要考点，常常出现在完形填空、语法填空和短文改错题型中。
名词局部主要考查：①名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配②名词的数〔可数与不可数、单数与复数〕③名词的所有格④抽象名词的具体化⑤名词和冠词的搭配名词是中学英语的主要词汇之一，也是历年高考的重要考点。
研究近年的高考题我们不难看出，名词局部主要考查名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配、名词的数〔可数与不可数、单数与复数〕、名词的所有格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、名词和冠词的搭配以与主谓一致等。
在学习过程中，要掌握常用名词的根本用法，注意一词多义和旧词新义。
另外要多归纳总结，做题时要结合语境。
名词的数可数名词的数1.可数名词的数〔不规如此变化〕〔1〕单、复数同形。
如：means, aircraft, deer, fish, Chinese, Japanese, sheep。
〔2〕合成名词的复数。
如：boyfriend→boyfriends, go-between→go-betweens(中间人), grown-up→grown-ups, passer-by→passers-by, looker-on→lookers-on, woman doctor→women doctors。
〔3〕只有复数形式的名词。
此类名词往往以复数形式出现，表示“衣服〞、“工具〞等的总称，不能用具体的数字修饰，也不能加不定冠词a/an，但可以用a pair of/two pairs of, many等修饰。
如：clothes, tights, jeans, pajamas, pants, shorts, socks, stockings, trousers, glasses, chopsticks, compasses, pincers, scissors, scales等；另外一类总是以复数形式出现，但不能用具体的数字修饰，也不能用a/an，a pair of等修饰，只能用many, a great many, a lot of等修饰。
高三英语一轮复习倒装与主谓一致学案倒装句熟读深思：1. Never will Zhou Yang forget his first assignment at the office of China Daily.周阳永远不会忘记他在《中国日报》报社第一天上班的劳动使命。
2.Only in this way can we have enough energy to study.只有这样, 我们才华有足够的物质来学习3.Only when you have seen what he or she does can you cover a story by yourself.只有等你见了他们的劳动以后,你才华独自去举行新闻采访。
4. Not only am I interested in photography, but I took a course at university...对摄影我不仅只是感兴趣, 在大学里我还专修过摄影呢。
5. Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in. 我刚坐下, 他就进来了。
6. No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain. 我一到家天就下起雨来。
7. He can swim and so can I. 他会游泳; 我也会。
8. So little did they agree on the plan that they couldn’t settle their differences. 他们对筹划有很不同的意见以致无法消除破裂。
9. Were he(=If he were) rich enough, he would buy a new car. 要是他有钱的话, 他会买一辆新的小汽车。
10. There goes the bell.铃响了。
11. In came the teacher and the class began.老师走了进来, 然后开始上课12. Under that tree sits a beautiful girl who is dressed in white. 那棵树下坐着一位身着白衣的美丽密斯。
【上好课】2025年高考一轮复习知识清单配套【练案】专题08 语法填空主谓一致100题解析版（思维导图+五年真题分类通关+名校好题通关）一、主谓一致高考命题考向1.语法一致（高频考点）2.就近一致（高频考点）3.意义一致（低频考点）4.就远一致（低频考点）二、主谓一致考点思维导图三、主谓一致五年高考真题分类通关考点一：语法一致（谓语动词的单复数要与主语单复数保持一致）。
1.（2024新课标I卷）Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60 (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time.答案：walks考查时态和主谓一致。
句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。
walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
故填walks。
2.（2024新课标II卷）“Some of the things that Tang was writing about ___58___ (be) also Shakespeare’s conce rns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways to Romeo and Juliet.”答案：were考查时态和主谓一致。
句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。
■■■■划把脉易错点（二）〕 瘵 I I I I I+演练大冲关名词和主谓一Lk集释(二)“词形变化类”语法项目第八讲名词和主谓一致(―)名词［突破常考点——助力语法填空］髙賢真题咸〕悟］单句语法填空1 • (2015*新课标全国卷II 语法填空)• •• what makes the adobedwellings admirable is their 川川心(able) to u air condition" a house without using electric equipment.2.(2015噺课标全国卷I 语法填空)1’ d skipped nearby Guilin, adream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese Pontings (painting).3.(2014•新课标全国卷I语法填空)While there are amazingstories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.(201牛辽宁高考语法填空)Unbelievable! Oh …，if you don' t mind J 11 stop and take a deep breath (breathe)・ (2014•湖北高考改编)Her motivation (motivate) for writing was a desire for womento get the right to higher education. (2011* 浙江高考改编)Any way, I can t cheat him 一it ，s against all my Principles (principle). :舄凰:肴点〕精祈］一、名词的单复数1. 单数名词变为复数名词的基本规则⑴以9结尾的名词变为复数时，常在词尾加$但下列4. 5.6.名词要加・es,它们是：黑人英雄在回声中吃土豆、西红柿，• ••• • • ••••••艮卩Negroes^ heroes, echoes, potatoes，tomatoes o但下列以・o结尾的名词既可以加・es,也可以加s 它们是:zeros/zeroes^, mosquitos/mosquitoes蚊子,volcanos/ volcanoes 火山。
⑵以-威・fe结尾的名词变为复数时，一般威fe去掉加■ves,它们是：为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀• ••••• •• •子和树叶站在架子上，把狼劈成两半，即selves，lives，thieves • • • • • • •wives，knives，leaves，shelves，wolves，halves o但下列以■诫・fe 结尾的名词直接加它们是：屋顶上的首领信仰保险箱,• • ••••••• 艮卩roofs，chiefs，beliefs，safes o但下列以结尾的名词既可以去掉咖・ves,也可以直接加・s,它们是:handkerchiefs/handkerchieves手帕,scarfs/ scarves 围巾。
(3)合成名词变成复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变为复数。
如：sons-in-law女婿；passers-by过路人；story-tellers讲故事的人；breakfasts早餐；housewives家庭主妇。
2.常见单复数同形的名词Chinese 中国人；Japanese 日本人；sheep 绵羊；deer鹿；series 系列；means 方式；works 工厂；fish 鱼；fruit 水果；crossroads十字路口；horsepower马力；jin斤等。
其中直sh，fruit表示种类时，可加复数词尾，即fishes，fruits o二、抽象名词具体化1.具有某种特性、状态.情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考到的有:单词抽象名词意义具体化名词意义danger delight危险高兴危险的人或因素令人高兴的事failure 失败失败的人或事物surprise 惊奇令人惊奇的事情shock pride 震惊骄傲令人震惊的事情令人骄傲的事或人I' m disappointed the experiment turned out to be a complete failure again.我很失望，这次试验证明又一次完全的失败。
2.抽象名词与a (an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。
©Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times.在那些艰难的时期，能够买得起一杯饮料都会是一件令人感到欣慰的事。
②一A serious explosion happened in Tianjin.—Yes，news came as a shock to me.天津发生了一起严重的爆炸事件O是的，这对我来说是一件令人震惊的事情。
三、名词所有格1.名词的所有格表示所属关系，它分丿所有格和Of所有格两种形式。
①Many students' eyesight is getting poorer and poorer. 很多学生的视力变得越来越差了。
©From the top of the hill，you can get a bird; s view of the从山顶上，你可以鸟瞰整个城市。
2. 由and 连接的并列名词的所有格要分两种情况，即表 示各自的所有关系时，要分别在并列名词后加S,表示共同 的所有关系时，只在最后一个名词后加S ：3. 双重所有格指名词所有格或名词性物主代词同ofW 成的所有格，即“of+名词所有格”。
a pl 町of Shakespeare ，s 莎士比亚的一个戏剧 a friend of my wifes 我妻子的一个朋友Tom' s and Jim ， s rooms 汤姆和吉姆（各自）的房间Tom and Jim ， sroom 汤姆和吉姆（共同）的房间［知识积累］名词常见后缀集锦1.动词变名词的后缀例词后缀例词ing hear—hearingbegin—beginningfail—failure听力;开始听觉ure/ture press-* pressuremix-* mixturedepart-^departure失败;压力混合;没做到混合物出发其他recover-^ recovery discover—discoverychoose f choice vary-^varietytendtendency恢复; 痊愈发现多样化；种类趋向；趋势2.形容词变名词的后缀honest —honesty difficult f difficulty cruel-►cruelty safe—safety disable f disability responsible-►responsibility例词nessweak f weakness kindkindnesscareless f carelessness虚弱；弱点 仁慈；好意 粗心大意 thstrong f strengthwarm f warmth力气；强项 温暖; 热情 诚实 困难 残酷；残暴 安全 无能；伤残 责任［把脉易错点一速解短文改错］［典题精选］［我来改正］［常设误点］①（2015・四川高考）As I told you last time， I made three new friend here.②（2015・陕西高考）: “1）可数名词单复数的错用,:①可数名词前有数词、数:①friend-* :; ;量词、some或one of…等:卫迴亜:修饰，则该名词应用复数Mum taught me some basic step of baking.I insisted on doing most of the baking myself. ;②step—I! steps:形式；!②在指示代词this, that后:用单数名词；在these,;those后用复数名词。
［典题精选］［我来改正］①（2014•辽宁高考）: We ，vecalled several time aboutCleo' s early morning barking.②（2016•长春市质 检）Looking back on the progresses that Ihave made so far ，I reallyappreciate your support.；① time f I；times;©progresses- ; progress［常设误点］；(2)混淆名词的可数与不可数:①有些词既可作可数名词又 :可作不可数名词，例如time ［表示“次数”为可数名词，［表示“时间”为不「可数名;词；experience表示 "经」历”时为可数名词，表示:“经验”时为不可数名词；［②误把不可数名词当作可数；名词，例如纯抽象名词：I:progress, luggage/baggage,! advice, weather, information, ；equipment，fumitore等都只」熊用作丕可数名词』__________［典题精选］（2016•济宁市一模）「ve learned English for so long that I can communicate with native speakers ofEnglish without difficult.［我来改正］［常设误点］I:(3)词性错用difficult-^ ；:误把动词、形容difficulty ;:词等当作名词。
髙畳真题咸恪］单句语法填空(2015新课标全国卷II 语法填空)This cycle g°°s (go) d 町after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool offduring the night and are thus always a timely offset （抵消）［突破常考点 (―)主谓一致 助力语法填空］for the outside temperatures.(2014•新课标全国卷I 语法填空)In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland ，Ohio. It was (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. (2015•湖南高考改编)It is important to remember that success js_ (be) a sum of small efforts made each day and often takes (take) years to achieve.(2014•湖南高考改编)All we need is_ (be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit treesthroughout the growing seasons of the year.5 • (2013・江苏高考改编［Generally ，students' inner motivation with high expectations from others (be)2. 3. 4.essential to their development.英语中的主谓一致主要遵循三大原则：意义一致原则、语法一致原则和就近一致原则。
