热处理生产线简介
Brief Introduction of Heat Treatment Production Line
一、概述
Summary
我公司投资6000万元建设的油井管热处理生产线，设计生产能力10万吨/年，可以对各种规格、各种钢级的油井管实现淬火＋回火、正火、正火+回火等多种热处理工艺。
We invested 60 million RMB for this tubing and casing treatment production line. Our annual production ability is 100 thousand tons and we have many kinds of heat treatment technics for all kinds and specifications of tubing and casing, such as Quenching + Tempering, normalizing, normalizing+Tempering and so on.
钢级：J55、Q55、N80-1类、N80Q、P110以及抗腐蚀材料L80和C95等。
Grade: J55, Q55, N80-1, N80Q, P110 and anti- cauterization material L80 , C95 and so on.
直径：Ф114.3-273mm
Diameter: Ф114.3-273mm
外加厚油管两端的外径按APISPEC5CT标准
O.D of EUE tubing according to API SPEC 5CT Standard
长度：8-13M
Length: 8-13M
壁厚：5.21-20.24mm
Wall Thickness: 5.21-20.24mm
壁厚公差：+15%～-12.5%
Wall Thickness Tolerance: +15%～-12.5%
钢管外径公差：±1%
O.D Tolerance: ±1%
单根最大重量：1200KG
Max Weight of Single Pipe: 1200 KG
二、设备情况
Equipment Condition
热处理生产线配有步进式热处理炉、淬火机、矫直机和自旋式步进冷床，全线自动化控制水平高，热处理质量稳定可靠。
Our heat treatment production line is equiped Step-wise Heat Treatment Furnace, Quenching Machine, Straightening Machine and Self-spin Step-wise Colling Machine. The high level automatization control system ensures steady and first class heat treatment quality.
1、热处理炉Heat treatment Furnace
步进式热处理炉以冷净煤气为燃料，采用德国施能烧嘴，炉内气氛易于控制，炉温可控制在±5℃以内。
Step-wise Heat treatment Furnace uses cold and clean coal gas as fuel, adopts Germany KROMSCHRODER Burner which could ensure the temperature in the furance less than ±5℃.
淬火炉和回火炉均采用步进梁式炉。装出料方式：侧进，侧出；炉子布料：单排连续布料或间隔布料。
Quenching Furance and Tempering Furance both adopt Step-wise Walking Beam Furance.
Mode of Loading and unloading Material: Side Loading, Side unloading. Material Display in the Furance: Single Row Continuesly Display or Interval Display
活动梁和固定梁均为耐热铸钢，顶面带齿形面。每次步进时，钢管都能转动一角度，使钢管加热均匀，并防止在炉内弯曲变形。步进梁能进行正循环、踏步、等高、单动、点动、半自动、自动等功能，升降时对钢管轻托轻放，前进时缓起缓停，无振动冲击和失控现象。同时，具有等高及踏步功能，踏步时向钢管在原齿槽内不断转动。Walking Beam and Fixed Beam both are fire-endurable cast steel with tooth form on the top. In the process step, steel pipes will be turned for an angle to get symmetrical heating up and avoid bending and distortion in the furnace. Step-wise Beam can carry through Positive Cycle, Mark Time, Equality Height, Single Move, Point Move, Semiautomatic, Automatic functions and so on. Steel pipes are lifted and put lightly when elevating and subsiding, and they are removed and stopped slowly when moving forward. In the process, there is no librating impact and out control phenomenon. And the mechine also has coequal height and Mark Time function to ensure the steel pipes constant turning in the tooth form
alveolus.
2、淬火机
Quenching Machine
淬火机具有内喷外淋的功能，外淋水流量大，内喷水速度快，淬火效果好。淬火机可以实现以下功能：
Quenching machine has perfect quenching effect and equiped large flux inner spraying and speedy outer pouring fuction. It can achieve below functions:
外淋+旋转+内喷淬火
Outer pouring + circumgyrate + inner spraying quenching
淬火后具有空水功能（带压缩空气吹扫）
Water emptying function after quenching (with air compressor)
氧化皮采大部分被回水带走，剩余部分停炉时清理
Mostly Oxidation Surface are washed away by backwater, the rest will be cleaned when the furnace stops working.
内喷采用锥形聚能喷嘴（根据处理的钢管不同而不同）
Inner spraying adopts powerfull taper nozzles ( The nozzles are depend on different steel pipes)
淬火前温度850℃左右，淬火后温度低于80℃
The temperature is about 850℃before quenching and will below 80℃ after quenching.
淬火后钢管端头直度≤2 mm/m，保证钢管顺利进入回火炉。
After quenching, the straight tolerance of the steel pipe’s end should be ≤2 mm/m to ensure the pipe can be placed in the Tempering furnace successfully.
3、矫直机
Straightening Machine
矫直设备采用国内先进的八立柱、四滑架、六辊快开式矫直机，具有机身稳定，矫直速度快，矫直效果好的特点。
Straightening Equipments adopt advanced eight upright column, four slide rack, six rollers rapid opening straightening machine. The mechine is steady, and it has fast straightening speed and perfect straightening effect.
矫直辊采用了2-2-2的对辊辊系，矫直工艺曲线可以实现上弯或下弯式两种方式。
Straightening rollers adopt 2-2-2 rollers so that the straightening technics can be achieved to up bend mode and down bend mode.
采用四立柱滑架结构。矫直辊座安装在动梁上，每个活动梁在四个立柱中垂直滑动，保证矫直过程的稳定。克服了两滑架机型受力偏载的缺点。
It adopts four upright column slide rack structure.Straightening rollers are installed on the moving beams and every moving beam can slide upright in every four upright column which ensures the stability in the process of straightening. And it conquers the shortcoming of pressure excursion of
the two sliding racks.
采用中心单快开缸压下、两侧双缸平衡带快速抬起的快开结构，设备简洁、配管少、维护方便。
It adopts center single rapid opening jar pressure, two sides double jars balance with rapid uplift rapid opening structutre. The eqipment with less tubings is concision and expediently maintained.
每个矫直辊分别采用两个独立的锁紧油缸进行锁紧，保证锁紧的可靠性。
Every straightening roller separately adopts two solely lock clasp gas jars which ensures the dependability of lock clasp.
采用新型线性齿轮传动角度调节机构，传动速比大、传动过程稳定、角度调节精度高、角度指示准确。
It adopts new type of linear gear’s driving angle adjustment which has the features of large driving speed ratio, steady driving process, high precision of angle adjustment and exact angle directions.
拉杆和套筒组合立柱与上下固定梁的联结为预应力方式，增大了机架刚性。
The connection of pull-rod and sleeve combination upright column and fluctuate fixed beam is the mode of pre-stress which could increase the rigidity of rack.
采用新型下横梁（底座）结构，下辊快开液压缸和下辊压下调节装置均安装在下横梁上面，使得安装和维护方便。
It adopts new type of down beam (foundation) structure. Down roller rapid hydraulic jar and down roller pressure adjustment setting both are installed on the down beam to make sure its convenient installation and maintenance.
计算机系统具有独特的调整参数预设定、修正和机械自动调整功能：确定钢管来料参数的情况下根据矫直后精度要求，利用数学模型或表格参数确定预设定参数，并带有屏幕显示。根据矫直后钢管状态对调整参数进行修正、优化和存储。所有设定的工艺参数均可记录、打印、输出。
The computer system has unique function: pre-setting and correcting adjustive parameter, and mechanical autoregulation. When we confirm the parameter of material pipes, according to the request of precision afther the straightening, the system can confirm the pre-setting parameter with mathematic model or form paremeter and still can show them in the screen. It also can correct, optimize and store the adjustive parameter as per the condition of steel pipes after straightening. All of the setting technics prameters can be recorded, typed and exported.
电控系统中的两台主电机采用交流变频调速系统，主电机空载时速度同步。负载时力矩平衡，有利于降低矫直辊不均匀磨损，提高矫直过程的稳定性和矫直精度。
The two core electric machineries of the electronic control system adopt alternating frequency conversion timing system. When the two core
electric machineries are unloaded, the speeds of the two machineries are synchro. The moments are balance when they are loaded, which is propitious to reduce the asymmetric abrasion of the straightening roller and enhance the stability of the straightening process and the straightening precision.
4、自旋转冷床
Self-rolling cooling machine tool
自旋式步进冷床结构独特，油井管在冷却过程中可以以较快的速度旋转，冷却速度稳定均匀，并具有自矫直功能。
Self-rolling cooling machine tool has particular structure. When the casing is in the process of cooling, it can circumrotate in a high speed. The cooling speed is steady and symmetrical. And the mechine tool has self-straightening function.
一、热处理工艺流程
Flow and flow chart of heat treatment technics
原料钢管由车间起重机吊运至热处理线上料台架上，人工打开捆带后将钢管平铺在上料台架上，后由拨料器逐根将钢管拨入辊道，辊道将钢管纵向送至淬火炉辊道。送料辊道与入炉辊道均为倾斜布置，以便使钢管边纵向前进边旋转。淬火炉为纵进纵出步进式加热炉。
Raw material pipes are carried to the material scaffolding of the heat treatment line by the crane in the plant and are placed on the material line scaffolding after unfolding of bundling belt by workmen. After that, material lift machine will lift the material pipes step by step into the roller
path which will carry the pipes lengthways to the quenching furnace roller path. Material sending roller path and furnace entering roller path both are designed to be acclivitous which could help the pipes circumrotate when they are forwarded lengthways. Quenching furnace is vertical in and out step-wise heat-up furnace.
钢管进入淬火炉后，根据钢管的热处理工艺制度的要求，在炉子内边步进边加热，直至步进至炉子尾部出料辊道，炉子出料辊道将钢管边旋转纵向输送至输出辊道。
Accroding to the requirements of heat treatment technics system, when the pipes are forwarded in the quenching furnace, they are heated in the forwarding until they are forwarded to the material discharge roller path at end of furnace. Material discharge roller path will carry the revolving pipes to the output roller path vertically.
当钢管需要进行淬火时，淬火装置前的移钢机逐根将钢管移送至水淬装置。水淬装置采用内喷外淋、压轮压住旋转淬火方式，根据水淬工艺，分别控制水淬装置内喷、外淋水量和冷却时间，以实现对钢管最终组织和性能的控制。随后，钢管横向移送至水淬装置后台架，进行空水，空水后钢管拨入回火炉入炉辊道，纵向输送，进入回火炉。
When the pipes need to be quenched, the steel moving machines in the front of quenching equipments will carry the pipes to the water quenching equipment. The equipment adopts inner spray and outerpouring, and the revolving pressing quenching mode which control the water stream of inner spray, outerpouring and cooling time seperately as per the water quenching technics to realize the control of the final organization and capability of the steel pipes. After that, pipes are carried breadthwise to the racks behind the water quenching machine to empty
the water and then, pipes are carried vertically to tempering furnace by tempering furnace entering roller path.
当钢管需要进行正火处理时，由出炉辊道将钢管逐根运至正火链式冷床输送辊道处，上料机构逐根将钢管移送至正火冷床上，进行冷却、收集。如钢管需要正火+回火，由翻钢板将钢管到放至冷床输出辊道，后由辊道运送至回火炉进行回火处理。
The pipes are carried to normalizing chain delivering roller path of the cooling mechine tool one by one when they need normalizing treatment. The material supplying machines carry the pipes to the normalizing cooling mechine tool to do the cooling and collecting. If the pipes need normalizing + tempering, pipes carrying plate will carry them to the output roller path of the cooling mechine tool. Then the pipes are carried to the tempering furnace by the roller path to do the tempering treatment.
回火炉为纵进纵出步进式加热炉，钢管入炉后，根据钢管的热处理工艺制度要求，在炉子内边步进边加热，直至步进至炉子尾部的出料辊道。炉子出料辊道将钢管边旋转边纵向输送至链式冷床进行冷却。
Tempering furnace is vertical input and output step-wise heating up furnace. As per the requirements of the heat treatment technic system, the pipes are step-wised and heated up in the furnace until they are carried to the output roller path at the end of the furnace. Material discharge roller path will carry the revolving pipes to the chain cooling mechine tool vertically.
在淬火炉出炉辊道上布置有高压水除鳞装置，钢管通过除鳞箱的同时，将表面氧化铁皮清除干净。
High-pressure water cleaning equipment is designed on the quenching furnace output roller path. Ferric oxide on the surface of the pipes will be cleaned up after they pass through the cleaning box.
对于温矫的钢管，要求矫直温度400℃左右，此时冷床以较合适的速度快速将钢管移送至矫直机前，以控制和保证矫直温度。
To the temprerature correcting pipes, the straightening temperature is about 400℃. Here the cooling mechine tool will carry the pipes to the straightening machines at a suitable fast speed to control and ensure the straightening temperature.
经矫直后的钢管进入其后的冷床，对于温矫后的钢管实现均匀的冷却，通过冷床进行后部的人工检查工序。随后，钢管进入吸灰装置工位，将钢管内部的氧化铁皮等杂质清理干净，收集入库。
After straightening, the pipes will be carried to the cooling machine tool to realize the symmetrical cooling and then carry out the inspection by the workman through the cooling mechine tool. Subsequently, the pipes enter into the dust cleaning line to clean the inner ferric oxide and so on impurity, and then they will be gathered in the warehouse.
全管体相控阵超声检测系统
Full body pipe PA Inspection system
应用：全管体相控阵超声检测系统检测全管体上纵向、横向、斜向和分层等缺陷，同时测量壁厚。
Application: Full body pipe PA inspection system is used for the detection of longitudinal defects, transverse defects with
oblique detection capability and wall thickness measurements with Lamination detection.
特点：
Characteristics:
●机械随动＋相控阵超声的结合。
Combination of following frame with PA.
●多个角度倾斜方向缺陷检测能力。可以检测11度、22度、45度、68度等四个角度的斜缺陷。
Capability of inspection of the Multiple-angle oblique defects
●动态自动校准。
Dynamic automatic calibration.
●特殊端部运算法则可减少端部盲区至10mm。
Specialized End of Tube Algorithm ensures non-inspected
length to 10mm.
●在线自动复验，可检测带有加厚端部的钢管。
Inline prove up, detection of the upset tubes.
●可检测壁厚与外径的比率达0.22及壁厚小于50mm的钢管，更换规格简单。
The pipe which the ratio up to 0.22 between WT and OD and WT is less than 50mm are detected
simultaneously, change process is simple and easy.
●检测系统的检测模式灵活。
Flexible inspection mode.
●其他的高级检测功能：壁厚绘图、圆弧底槽及锥形缺陷检测等。 Other advanced inspection function: Wall Thickness Data Mapping、Round bottomed grooves and conical
cavity defects inspection etc..
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毕业论文 题目：生产线平衡方法的研究与应用 英文并列题目Practice and Research on Line B alanci ng 学院：机电工程学院专业：工业工程
摘要 生产线平衡是企业实现“一个流”的生产前提，实现生产线平衡不仅有效地减少在制品数，降低企业成本还能提高企业生产效率，保证产品质量与稳定性。 首先，对前人所研究的生产线平衡问题的解决方法进行归纳分类；接着在了解某鞋业厂所面临的困境后，选择其中两条生产线（一条针车线、一条成型线）进行线平衡研究。在启发式思想的指导下，应用工业工程管理方法中的工艺流程分析和作业测定技术获取现时平衡情况及瓶颈工位，并对瓶颈工位进行“ECRS”分析，对工位进行分解重组，从而减少生产线节拍时间、提高生产线平衡率。 最后，为了保证线平衡改善效果、实现持续改善活动，还从品质、物料搬运、干部职责等角度出发，在“6S”管理、相似原理、精益生产的思想指导下对鞋业的生产车间进行了重新布置。 关键词：生产线平衡鞋业生产线工业工程“ECRS”
更多论文https://www.doczj.com/doc/e818459239.html,/fanteral Abstract Production line balancing is the premise of enterprise realizing “One Piece Flow”. Production line balancing not only can reduce the number of “work in process”, reduce the private costs , but also raise the production efficiency, assure the the quality and reliability of production. Firstly, summarize and classify the research and solution on production line balance questions. Secondly, after understanding the diffcult position which x shoe industry factory faces, choice two production line(one is needle line,the other is moulding line) to research the balance. With the help of heuristec method, the process analysis and the work study are used to determine the balance situation of production line and the bottleneck location. Analysing the bottleneck location with the “ECRS” theory, analyzing and combining it in order to reduce the production cycle time and raise the production balance ratios. Finally, to assure the improvement effect, and unfold going on improvement activities, arranged the production workshop with the help of “6S” management, principal of similitude, lean production and so on at the angle of production quality, material transporting, cadre responsibility. Keywords: Production Line Balancing Shoe Industry Production Line Industrial Engineering “ECRS”
Counter bored hole 沉孔 Chamfer 倒斜角 Fillet 倒圆角 padding block垫块 stepping bar垫条 upper die base上模座 lower die base下模座 upper supporting blank上承板 upper padding plate blank上垫板 spare dies模具备品 spring 弹簧 bolt螺栓 document folder活页夹 file folder资料夹 to put file in order整理资料 spare tools location手工备品仓 first count初盘人 first check初盘复棹人 second count 复盘人 second check复盘复核人 equipment设备 waste materials废料 work in progress product在制品 casing = containerization装箱 quantity of physical inventory second count 复盘点数量 Quantity of customs count 会计师盘,点数量 the first page第一联 filed by accounting department for reference会计部存查 end-user/using unit(department)使用单位 Summary of year-end physical inventory bills 年终盘点截止单据汇总表 bill name单据名称 This sheet and physical inventory list will be sent to accounting department together (Those of NHK will be sent to financial department) 本表请与盘点清册一起送会计部－(NHK厂区送财会部) Application status records of year-end physical inventory List and physical inventory card 年终盘点卡与清册使用－状况明细表 blank and waste sheet NO. 空白与作废单号
生产线平衡分析与改善
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生产线平衡分析与改善 作者：汽运0903班罗武林 410100 【摘要】：自1994 年《汽车工业产业政策》发布并执行以来，中国汽车工业有了长足发展，企业生产规模、汽车产销量、产品品种、技术水平、市场集中度均有显著进步。进入21世纪，国内外环境发生了深刻变化，中国汽车工业既有良好的发展机遇，又面临着严峻挑战，同时一些深层次的矛盾和问题也逐渐暴露出来。在产品对象专业化的布置下，生产线设备或工位之间的相对位置几乎没有其他选择，均按产品的加工顺序或装配顺序排列，产品顺次从一个工位流向另一个，直至生产线的最后一个，即被完成。通常在每个工位至少有一个工人，重复地完成若干种作业，不同的工位之间很少有库存．产品一件件地流向下一个工位。在这种布置之下生产线的产出速度等于作业速度最慢的工作地的产出速度。因此，每个制造工厂都希望生产线的每个工位的工作任务都大致相等，减少或消除忙闲不均的现象，达到以低成本、高节拍生产出优良品质产品的目的。但对于生产线而言要想达到以上目标，就必须优先解决生产线不平衡问题。 【关键词】：生产线、平衡、瓶颈、分析、改善 绪论： 生产线平衡是实现精益生产的一个重要方面。生产平衡注重系统的整体效率而非系统个别环节的效率。生产的不平衡只能造成浪费。对于制造企业而言，生产线平衡是高效生产的核心。制造工厂想要解决生产线不平衡问题，首先，需要对生产线生产工时进行测定，计算出生产节拍，最少工位数，根据可靠数据绘制出作业顺序图，找出瓶颈工序位置，得出平衡率来判断生产线的平衡程度。然后，在生产线平衡排程规则中，从5M入手对制造过程的作业工序进行调整，作业方法进行改善，以达到分到各工位的作业时间大致相等，使得生产线上的闲置时间最少，提高工人和设备的利用率，生产线上各活动同步进行从而实现工人和设备的最大利用，工作流十分流畅的目标。
量具、热处理英文词汇 长度测量器具 量具类 1. 量块gauge block 2. 光滑极限量规plain limit gauge 3. 塞规plug gauge 4. 环规ring gauge 卡规snap gauge 5. 塞尺feeler gauge 6. 钢直尺steel gauge 7. 精密玻璃线纹尺precision glass linear scale 8. 精密金属线纹尺precision metal linear scale 9. 半径样板radius template 卡尺类 1. 游标卡尺vernier caliper 2. 带表卡尺dial caliper 3. 电子数显卡尺calliper with electronic digital display 4. 深度标游卡尺depth vernier caliper 5. 电子数显深度卡尺depth caliper with electronic digital display 6. 带表高度卡尺dial height caliper 7. 高度游标卡尺height vernier caliper 8. 电子数显高度卡尺height caliper with electronic digital display 千分尺类 1. 测微头micrometer head 2. 外径千分尺external micrometer 3. 杠杆千分尺micrometer with dial comparator 4. 带计数器千分尺micrometer with counter 5. 电子数显外径千分尺micrometer with electronic digital display 6. 小测头千分尺small anvil micrometer 7. 尖头千分尺point micrometer 8. 板厚千分尺sheet metal micrometer 9. 壁厚千分尺tube micrometer 10. 叶片千分尺blade micrometer 11. 奇数沟千分尺odd fluted micrometer 12. 深度千分尺depth micrometer 13. 内径千分尺internal micrometer 14. 单杆式内径千分尺single-body internal micrometer 15. 表式内径千分尺dail internal micrometer 16. 三爪式内径千分尺three point internal micrometer 17. 电子数显三爪式内径千分尺three point internal micrometer 18. 内测千分尺inside micrometer 指示表类 1. 指示表dial indicator 2. 深度只是表depth dial indicator 3. 杠杆指示表dial test indicator 4. 内径指示表bore dial indicator 5. 涨弹簧式指示表expanding head bore dial indicator 6. 钢球式内径指示表ball type bore dial indicator 7. 电子数显指示表dial indicator with electronic digital display 8. 杠杆卡规indicating snap gauge 9. 带表卡规dial snap gauge 10. 带表外卡规outside dial snap gauge 11. 带表内卡规inside dial snap gauge 12. 测厚规thickness gauge 13. 扭簧比较仪microcator 14. 杠杆齿轮比较仪mechanical dial comparator 15. 电子量规electronic gauge 16. 电感式传感器inductance type transducer 17. 指示装置indicating device 18. 电感测微仪inductance micrometer 19. 峰值电感测微仪peak inductance micrometer 20. 电感内径比较仪inductance bore comparator 21. 瞄准传感器aiming transducer 65万能测齿仪universal gear measuring instrument 66万能渐开线检查仪universal involute measuring instrument 67齿轮齿距测量仪gear circular pictch measuring instrument 68万能齿轮测量机Universal gear measuring machine 69齿轮螺旋线测量仪gear helix measuring instrument 70便携式齿轮齿距测量仪manual gear circular pitch measuring instrument 71便携式齿轮基节测量仪manual gear base pitch measuring instrument 72立式滚刀测量仪vertical hob measuring instrument
陶瓷 ceramics 合成纤维 synthetic fibre 电化学腐蚀 electrochemical corrosion 车架 automotive chassis 悬架 suspension 转向器 redirector 变速器 speed changer 板料冲压 sheet metal parts 孔加工 spot facing machining 车间 workshop 工程技术人员 engineer 气动夹紧 pneuma lock 数学模型 mathematical model 画法几何 descriptive geometry 机械制图 Mechanical drawing 投影 projection 视图 view 剖视图 profile chart 标准件 standard component 零件图 part drawing 装配图 assembly drawing 尺寸标注 size marking
技术要求 technical requirements 刚度 rigidity 内力 internal force 位移 displacement 截面 section 疲劳极限 fatigue limit 断裂 fracture 塑性变形 plastic distortion 脆性材料 brittleness material 刚度准则 rigidity criterion 垫圈 washer 垫片 spacer 直齿圆柱齿轮 straight toothed spur gear 斜齿圆柱齿轮 helical-spur gear 直齿锥齿轮 straight bevel gear 运动简图 kinematic sketch 齿轮齿条 pinion and rack 蜗杆蜗轮 worm and worm gear 虚约束 passive constraint 曲柄 crank 摇杆 racker 凸轮 cams
101个热处理常用英文词汇 1. indication 缺陷 2. test specimen 试样 3. bar 棒材 4. stock 原料 5. billet 方钢，钢方坯 6. bloom 钢坯,钢锭 7. section 型材 8. steel ingot 钢锭 9. blank 坯料，半成品 10. cast steel 铸钢 11. nodular cast iron 球墨铸铁 12. ductile cast iron 球墨铸铁 13. bronze 青铜 14. brass 黄铜 15. copper 合金 16. stainless steel不锈钢 17. decarburization 脱碳 18. scale 氧化皮 19. anneal 退火 20. process anneal 进行退火 21. quenching 淬火 22. normalizing 正火 23. Charpy impact text 夏比冲击试验 24. fatigue 疲劳 25. tensile testing 拉伸试验 26. solution 固溶处理 27. aging 时效处理 28. Vickers hardness维氏硬度 29. Rockwell hardness 洛氏硬度 30. Brinell hardness 布氏硬度 31. hardness tester硬度计 32. descale 除污，除氧化皮等 33. ferrite 铁素体 34. austenite 奥氏体 35. martensite马氏体 36. cementite 渗碳体 37. iron carbide 渗碳体 38. solid solution 固溶体 39. sorbite 索氏体
市场营销专业术语中英文对照标准翻译 本文为市场营销中经常用到的一些中文与英文互译的标准用语，希望对市场营销从业人员有所帮助。 《财富》杂志Fortune 案头调研Desk Research 奥美公司Ogilvy & Mather 白色商品White Goods 百乐门Parliament 百威啤酒Budweiser 包裹销售法Banded Pack 宝洁公司Procter & Gamble 宝丽来Polaroid 宝马BMW 边际成本Marginal Cost 边际收益Marginal Benefit 标准差，均差Standard Deviation 别克Buick 波立兹调查公司Alfred Politz Research, Inc 波旁王朝Ancient Age Bourbon 波特福洛分析Portefolio Analysis 产品差异Product Differentiation 产品生命周期Product Life Cycle 产品系列Product Line 产品组合Product Mix 阐述Presentation 超级市场Supermarket 成对比较法Paired Comparisons 成功的理想主义者Successful Idealist 承诺型消费者Committed Buyer 程度测试Tachistoscope 橙色商品Orange Goods 冲动购买Impulse Buying 重叠率Duplication 抽样Sampling 传销Pyramid Selling 传阅发行量Pass-on Circulation 词语联想法Word Associaton 刺激营销Incentive Marketing 促销Promotion 达彼思广告公司Ted Bates & Copany 大卫·奥格威David Ogilvy 戴比尔斯De Beers
外文翻译 英文原文 Belt Conveying Systems Development of driving system Among the methods of material conveying employed，belt conveyors play a very important part in the reliable carrying of material over long distances at competitive cost．Conveyor systems have become larger and more complex and drive systems have also been going through a process of evolution and will continue to do so．Nowadays，bigger belts require more power and have brought the need for larger individual drives as well as multiple drives such as 3 drives of 750 kW for one belt(this is the case for the conveyor drives in Chengzhuang Mine)．The ability to control drive acceleration torque is critical to belt conveyors’ performance．An efficient drive system should be able to provide smooth，soft starts while maintaining belt tensions within the specified safe limits．For load sharing on multiple drives．torque and speed control are also important consideratio ns in the drive system’s design. Due to the advances in conveyor drive control technology，at present many more reliable．Cost-effective and performance-driven conveyor drive systems cov ering a wide range of power are available for customers’ choices[1]. 1 Analysis on conveyor drive technologies 1．1 Direct drives Full-voltage starters．With a full-voltage starter design，the conveyor head shaft is direct-coupled to the motor through the gear drive．Direct full-voltage starters are adequate for relatively low-power, simple-profile conveyors．With direct fu11-voltage starters．no control is provided for various conveyor loads and．depending on the ratio between fu11- and no-1oad power requirements，empty starting times can be three or four times faster than full load．The maintenance-free starting system is simple，low-cost and very reliable．However, they cannot control starting torque and maximum stall torque；therefore．they are
毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻 译 学院：经济管理学院 专业：工业工程 姓名：赵翀翀 学号： 080203215 外文出处： (用外文写) 附件： 1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。 指导教师评语： 所选文献与论文关系密切，译文用词较准确，语句通顺，反映出原文的基本内容。 所选文献也符合要求 签名：李学亮 2012年 4 月 15 日
生产线平衡 这项研究的范围是探讨生产线的制造和平衡，生产线平衡的类型，设备平衡和故障分析的理解。当每个工人的任务需要相同的时间来完成的时候，就是一个平衡的流水线。线平衡，是一个制造工程的功能，即在整个生产线的任务都能够得到等分。良好的平衡线，能避免无意义的劳动和提高生产效率。 生产线平衡 线平衡的策略是，使生产线足够灵活，以避免外部和内部的违规行为。有两种类型的生产线平衡，即： 静态平衡：指的是几个小时或更长的时间内能力的长期分歧。静态失衡是工作站，机器和人未能得到充分利用的结果。 动态平衡：指短期能力的差异，最多不超过几分钟或几个小时的时间。动态不平衡源于产品结构的变化和产品结构无关的工作时间的变化。 劳资平衡和分配 生产线的稳定策略的倾向是固定的劳动的平衡分配。劳资的可行性的一个重要特征是战略的灵活性即生产线的个人技能和能力： 当一名工人在执行分配给他的任务是有问题，遇到的延迟，由于技术问题（S），其他工人（S）应转移到帮助。 当一个工序运行出现问题时，熟练的技工应尽快接管其工序。 生产线的所有工人应交互在各个工序熟悉工序操作。 全技能即在一个单一的工作中心一个工人可以处理各种任务（自动化）。 设备平衡 设备平衡应确保每一台设备在工作单元中有相同的工作量。现在每个制造商都试图最大限度地利用所有可用的设备。如此高的利用率往往适得其反，这可能是一个错误的目标，因为利用率高，通常伴随着高库存。 设备故障 设备故障是一项重大而严肃的问题，有可能关闭一条生产线。为了避免这种故障，应确保每个设备不会超载，并且应培训工人进行日常机器检查（预防性维护）和标准作业程序的训练。维护部和工程部的优势不在于在运行后期的变化，因此应计算预防性维修时间，并安排活动。 分析 线平衡的分析一般由主管技术人员进行。分析之前应把流水线分成各个小任务，确定标准的任务时间，任务的排序的规范和约束的分析与生产线的工作分工。如果瓶颈环节的任务是在于寻找良好的平衡的方式，技术过硬的员工应分析的任务，以减少所花费的时间来执行。 生产线平衡领导 生产线工人应致力于生产线平衡而努力，这样他们才能够快速应对当产品和生产率变换导致失衡（静态和动态）时迅速作出反应。
机械术语英文翻译 阿基米德蜗杆Archimedes worm 安全系数safety factor; factor of safety安全载荷safe load 凹面、凹度concavity扳手wrench 板簧flat leaf spring 半圆键woodruff key 变形deformation摆杆oscillating bar 摆动从动件oscillating follower 摆动从动件凸轮机构cam with oscillating follower 摆动导杆机构oscillating guide-bar mechanism 摆线齿轮cycloidal gear摆线齿形cycloidal tooth profile 摆线运动规律cycloidal motion 摆线针轮cycloidal-pin wheel包角angle of contact 保持架cage背对背安装丨back-to-back arrangement 背锥back cone ；normal cone 背锥角back angle背锥距back cone distance比例尺scale 热容specific heat capacity 闭式链closed kinematic chain闭链机构closed chain mechanism 臂部arm 变频器frequency converters变频调速frequency control of motor speed 变速speed change 变速齿轮change gear ; change wheel变位齿轮modified gear变位系数modification coefficient 标准齿轮standard gear标准直齿轮standard spur gear 表面质量系数superficial mass factor 表面传热系数surface coefficient of heat transfer 表面粗糙度surface roughness 并联式组合combination in parallel并联机构parallel mechanism 并联组合机构parallel combined mechanism并行工程concurrent engineering 并行设计concurred design, CD不平衡相位phase angle of unbalance 不平衡imbalance (or unbalance)不平衡量amount of unbalance 不完全齿轮机构intermittent gearing波发生器wave generator 波数number of waves补偿compensation 参数化设计parameterization design, PD残余应力residual stress 操纵及控制装置operation control device槽轮Geneva wheel 槽轮机构Geneva mechanism ；Maltese cross槽数Geneva numerate 槽凸轮groove cam侧隙backlash 差动轮系differential gear train差动螺旋机构differential screw mechanism 差速器differential常用机构conventional mechanism; mechanism in common use 车床lathe承载量系数bearing capacity factor 承载能力bearing capacity成对安装paired mounting 尺寸系列dimension series齿槽tooth space 齿槽宽spacewidth齿侧间隙backlash 齿顶高addendum齿顶圆addendum circle 齿根高dedendum齿根圆dedendum circle 齿厚tooth thickness齿距circular pitch 齿宽face width齿廓tooth profile 齿廓曲线tooth curve齿轮gear 齿轮变速箱speed-changing gear boxes齿轮齿条机构pinion and rack 齿轮插刀pinion cutter; pinion-shaped shaper cutter齿轮滚刀hob ,hobbing cutter 齿轮机构gear齿轮轮坯blank 齿轮传动系pinion unit齿轮联轴器gear coupling 齿条传动rack gear齿数tooth number 齿数比gear ratio齿条rack 齿条插刀rack cutter; rack-shaped shaper cutter齿形链、无声链silent chain 齿形系数form factor齿式棘轮机构tooth ratchet mechanism 插齿机gear shaper重合点coincident points 重合度contact ratio冲床punch
预约券reservation ticket 下午茶high tea 微博Microblog/ Tweets 裸婚naked wedding 亚健康sub-health 平角裤boxers 愤青young cynic 灵魂伴侣soul mate 小白脸toy boy 精神出轨soul infidelity 人肉搜索flesh search 剩女3S lady（single，seventies,stuck）/left girls 山寨copycat 异地恋long-distance relationship 性感妈妈yummy mummy 钻石王老五diamond bachelor 时尚达人fashion icon 上相的,上镜头的photogenic 学术界academic circle 哈证族certificate maniac 偶像派idol type 住房公积金housing funds 熟女cougar（源自电影Cougar Club） 挑食者picky-eater 伪球迷fake fans 紧身服straitjacket 团购group buying 奉子成婚shotgun marriage 婚前性行为premarital sex 炫富flaunt wealth 决堤breaching of the dike 上市list share 赌球soccer gambling 桑拿天sauna weather 自杀Dutch act 假发票fake invoice 金砖四国BRIC countries 笑料laughing stock 泰国香米Thai fragrant rice 学历造假fabricate academic credentials 泄洪release flood waters 狂热的gaga eg: I was gaga over his deep blue eyes when I first set eyes on him 防暑降温补贴high temperature subsidy 暗淡前景bleak prospects
机械专业相关词汇中英文翻译大全 单价unit price 工日合计Man-day total/work-day total 人工费cost of labor 材料费materials expenses 机械的mechanical 检查接线connection test 发电机generator 调相机phase regulator 周波cycle 减负荷装置 load-shedding equipment 断路器柜circuit breaker cabinet 单母线single busbar 互感器transformer 每相电流Current by Phase 封闭式插接close type socket joint 发电机控制面板generator control panel 分级卸载sorted unloading 同步控制synchronization control 调速器 speed governor 信号屏signal screen 继电器relay 高压柜high pressure cabinet 油浸电力变压器oil-immersed power transformer 空气断路器air circuit breaker 控制屏control panel 直流馈电屏direct current feed control panel 电容器electric condenser 计量盘metering panel 成套配电箱whole set of distribution box 落地式floor model 控制开关Control switches 铜芯电力电缆Copper core power cable 控制电缆actuating cable 热缩式电力电缆终端头pyrocondensation power cable terminal 钢结构支架配管steel structure bracket tubing 万用槽钢versatile U-steel 电缆托架 cable bracket 钢制托盘式桥架steel Tray-type cable support system waterproof socket 防水插座 防爆插座Explosion-proof socket 接地绞线earthing twisted pair 接地母线 earthing bus
熔接fusion welding 压接pressure welding 焊接过程welding process 焊接技术welding technique 焊接工艺welding technology/procedure 焊接操作welding operation 焊接顺序welding sequence 焊接方向direction of welding 焊接位置welding position 熔敷顺序build-up sequence 焊缝倾角weld slope/inclination of weld axis 焊缝转角weld rotation/angle of rotation 平焊位置flat position of welding 横焊位置horizontal position of welding 立焊位置vertical position of welding 仰焊位置overhead position of welding 平焊downhand welding/flat position welding 横焊horizontal position welding 立焊vertical position welding 仰焊overhead position welding 向上立焊vertical up welding/upward welding in the vertical position 倾斜焊inclined position welding 上坡焊upward welding in the inclined position 下坡焊downward welding in the inclined position 对接焊butt welding 角焊fillet welding
机械专业英语词汇 陶瓷ceramics 合成纤维synthetic fibre 电化学腐蚀electrochemical corrosion 车架automotive chassis 悬架suspension 转向器redirector 变速器speed changer 板料冲压sheet metal parts 孔加工spot facing machining 车间workshop 工程技术人员engineer 气动夹紧pneuma lock 数学模型mathematical model 画法几何descriptive geometry 机械制图Mechanical drawing 投影projection 视图view 剖视图profile chart 标准件standard component 零件图part drawing 装配图assembly drawing 尺寸标注size marking 技术要求technical requirements 刚度rigidity 内力internal force 位移displacement 截面section 疲劳极限fatigue limit 断裂fracture 塑性变形plastic distortion 脆性材料brittleness material 刚度准则rigidity criterion 垫圈washer 垫片spacer 直齿圆柱齿轮straight toothed spur gear 斜齿圆柱齿轮helical-spur gear 直齿锥齿轮straight bevel gear 运动简图kinematic sketch 齿轮齿条pinion and rack 蜗杆蜗轮worm and worm gear 虚约束passive constraint 曲柄crank