2014考研英语阅读专项冲刺练习及答案(七)
“I want to criticize the social system, and to show it at work, at its most intense.” Virginia Woolf’s provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs. Dalloway has regularly been ignored by the critics, since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different from the traditional picture of the “poetic” novelist concerned with examining states of reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness. But Virginia Woolf was a realistic as well as a poetic novelist, a satirist and social critic as well as a visionary: literary critics’ cavalier dismissal of Woolf’s social vision will not withstand scrutiny.
In her novels, Woolf is deeply engaged by the questions of how individuals are shaped (or deformed) by their social environments, how historical forces impinge on people’s lives, how class, wealth, and gender help to determine people’s fates. Most of her novels are rooted in a realistically rendered social setting and in a precise historical time.
Woolf’s focus on society has not been generally recognized because of her intense antipathy to propaganda in art. The pictures of reformers in her novels are usually satiric or sharply critical. Even when Woolf is fundamentally sympathetic to their causes, she portrays people anxious to reform their society and possessed of a message or program as arrogant or dishonest, unaware of how their political ideas serve their own psychological needs. (Her Writer’s Diary notes: “the only honest people are the artists,” whereas “these social reformers and philanthropists… harbor… discreditable desires under the disguise of loving their kind…”) Woolf detested what she calle d “preaching” in fiction, too, and criticized novelist D. H. Lawrence (among others) for working by this method.
Woolf’s own social criticism is expressed in the language of observation rather than in direct commentary, since for her, fiction is a contemplative, not an active art. She describes phenomena and provides materials for a judgment about society and soci al issues; it is the reader’s work to put the observations together and understand the coherent point of view behind them. As a moralist, Woolf works by indirection, subtly undermining officially accepted mores, mocking, suggesting, calling into question, rather than asserting, advocating, bearing witness: hers is the satirist’s art.
Woolf’s literary models were acute social observers like Chekhov and Chaucer. As she put it in The Common Reader, “It is safe to say that not a single law has been framed or one stone set upon another because of anything Chaucer said or wrote; and yet, as we read him, we are absorbing morality at every pore.” Like Chau cer, Woolf chose to understand as well as to judge, to know her society root and branch —a decision crucial in order to produce art rather than polemic.
1. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?
[A] Poetry and Satire as Influences on the Novels of Virginia Woolf.
[B] Virginia Woolf: Critic and Commentator on the Twentieth-Century Novel.
[C] Trends in Contemporary Reform Movements as a Key to Understanding Virginia Woolf’s Novels.
[D] Virginia Woolf’s Novels: Critical Reflections on the Individual and on Society.
2. In the first paragraph of the text, the author’s attitude toward the literary critics mentioned can best be described as
[A] disparaging.
[B] ironic.
[C] facetious.
[D] skeptical but resigned.
3. It can be inferred from the text that Woolf chose Chaucer as a literary example because she believed that
[A] Chaucer was the first English author to focus on society as a whole as well as on individual characters.
[B] Chaucer was an honest and forthright author, whereas novelists like D. H. Lawrence did not sincerely wish to change society.
[C] Chaucer was more concerned with understanding his society than with calling its accepted mores into question.
[D] Chaucer’s writing was greatly, if subtly, effective in influencing the moral attitudes of his readers.
4. It can be inferred from the text that the most probable reason Woolf realistically described the social setting in the majority of her novels was that she
[A] was aware that contemporary literary critics considered the novel to be the most realistic of literary genres.
[B] was interested in the effect of a person’s social milieu on his or her character and actions.
[C] needed to be as attentive to detail as possible in her novels in order to support the arguments she advanced in them.
[D] wanted to show that a painstaking fidelity in the representation of reality did not in any way hamper the artist.
5. Which of the following phrases best expresses the sense of the word “contemplative”as it is used in line 2, paragraph 4 of the text?
[A] Gradually elucidating the rational structures underlying accepted mores.
[B] Reflecting on issues in society without prejudice or emotional commitment.
[C] Avoiding the aggressive assertion of the author’s perspective to the exclusion of the reader’s judgment.
[D] Conveying a broad view of society as a whole rather than focusing on an isolated individual consciousness.
[答案与考点解析]
1. 【答案】D
【考点解析】这是一道中心主旨题。本文的中心主旨句在首段的尾句，结合每段的主题句，我们可以推断出本文是在讲“Virginia Woolf”的小说以及其小说对个人与社会之间的关系进行的相关阐述。可见本题的正确选项应该是反映上述内容的选项D。考生在解题时应注意全文的中心主旨句以及每段的主题句之间的相互关系。
2. 【答案】A
【考点解析】本题是一道细节推导题。题干中的“literary critics”暗示本题的答案信息来源应该在首段的尾句，通过对本句的阅读与理解可推断出本文作者对“literary critics”的态度是否定的，故选项A应该是本题的正确选项。本题的选项D因为“resigned”(屈从的，顺从的)一词而不能成为本题的正确选项，因为原文中并没有包含这方面的意思。考生在解题时一定要认真理解原文的每一个单词。
3. 【答案】D
【考点解析】这是一道句间关系题。通过题干中的“Chaucer”一词可迅速将本题的答案信息确定在尾段的首句。通过阅读尾段的第一句和第二句，我们可以推断出本题的正确选项应该是突出“morality”含义的选项D。考生在解题时一定要考虑到上下句之间的联系。
4. 【答案】B
【考点解析】这是一道句间关系题。通过题干中的“realistically”和“social setting”可将本题的答案信息来源迅速确定在第二段的尾句，通过阅读和理解第二段中仅有的两个句子，我们可以推断出本题的正确选项应该是突出“人的社会环境影响人的性格和行为”之含义的选项B。考生在解题时一定要重视上下句之间的相互联系。
5. 【答案】C
【考点解析】本题是一道词汇理解题。本题的题干以将本题的答案信息来源确定在第四段的第一句。如果考生不认识“contemplative”这个词，可以通过这个词前后的语意关系以及第四段第二句所表达的内容进行推导。通过仔细阅读第四段的第一、二句，我们可以推断出本题的正确选项应该是C，因为该选项强调的是回避“direct commentary”(直接的评论)，不做“active art”(主动的艺术)，让读者自己去思考。考生在解题时应该注意原文中所表达的对立对比关系。
[参考译文]
“我要批判社会体制，揭示出它在最为紧要的关头是如何运作的。”弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙在谈及她写作《达勒维夫人》的意图时令人深思的言论，常常为批评家们所忽视，因为它着重突出了她文学兴趣的一个方面，而这一方面与这位“诗意”小说家的一贯形象大相径庭，她一贯所关注的是审视人们梦想与幻觉的种种状态，并沿着个人意识的复杂路径追寻。但弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙是一位“诗意”小说家也是一个现实主义者，是一个空想家也是一个讽刺作家和社会批评家，对于伍尔芙的社会空想，文学批评家们傲慢地忽视伍尔芙的社会批判的做法是经不起推敲的。
伍尔芙在其小说中全力探讨如下问题：社会环境是如何塑造个人的(或是使人堕落的)，历史发展的推动力是如何冲击人们生活的，阶级、财产和性别是如何在决定人生命运中发挥作用的。她的大部分小说植根于现实主义营造的社会背景中，并发生在某一精确的历史时期。
因为伍尔芙对艺术宣传十分厌恶，所以她对社会的关注并未得到普遍认可。在她的小说中，改革者的形象通常是具有讽刺性的或是带有尖锐的批判色彩。即使有时伍尔芙本质上对他们的事业怀有同情心，但她还是将急于改革社会的，怀揣救世咨文或是纲领的人塑造成傲慢自大而又不够诚实的形象，并还没有意识到其政治主张是如何为满足个人的心理私欲而服务的。(她在《作家日记》中写道：“唯有艺术家是诚实的人，”而“这些社会改革家和慈善家们……将可耻的欲望隐藏在热爱人类的假面之后……”)伍尔芙还痛恨在小说中应用所谓的“说教”，对应用这一理论进行创作的小说家D. H.劳伦斯(及其他作家)进行了批评。
伍尔芙将自己的社会批判以观察的语言而不是直接的评论来表现，因为对她而言，小说是一门沉思凝想的艺术而非一门积极干预生活的艺术。她对社会及社会性问题所表现出来的现象加以描述，并提供材料让人们作出评论。读者要做的才是将这些观察所得的资料综合起来，并体会出隐含其中的连贯的观点。作为一名道德家，伍尔芙间接而巧妙地对那些公认的伦理道德进行攻击，她嘲讽、暗示、质疑，而不是下论断，鼓吹自己的观点，或是充当见证：她的作品是讽刺作家的艺术。
伍尔芙的文学楷模是像契诃夫和乔叟那样敏锐的社会观察家。正如她在《普通读者》中表述的，“完全可以说，还没有因为乔叟说了什么或写了什么而制定出一项法律或是建起一块石碑;但当我们在阅读他的作品时，却会全身心地汲取其道德思想。”正如乔叟一样，伍尔芙选择去理解判断，去彻底了解她所置身的社会——去创造艺术而不是争论性文章，这才是至
关重要的决定。
2015年考研英语二阅读Text1真题详解 整篇文章的主题是与我们生活息息相关的内容，文章的难度不大，相比2014年英语二的阅读来说，难度稳定，这是在我们预料之中的。 第21题According to Paragraph 1,most previous surveys found that home＿＿＿(根据第一段可知，之前的调查中认为家是一个____地方)。[A] offered greater relaxation than the workplace [B] was an ideal place for stress measurement [C] generated more stress than the workplace [D] was an unrealistic place for relaxation题目中明确给出范围，所以我们只要在第一段中找答案，且要注意题目中的关键词是previous。回归第一段，不难发现文章的首句便是答案出处：A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work.（新的研究显示不同于以往的绝大多数调查，人们在家比工作时的压力更大）。这句话中new、contrary to most surveys是提示词，与题目中的previous study相对应的，不难做出正确答案是[A] 第22题According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home?（Damaske 认为，谁可能是最家里最快乐的？）读完题目，回到文章第二段找Damaske的观点：It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work.在家男性比女性更快乐，Another surprise is that findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents.这句话的关键词是more,它与题目中的happiest最高级是相对应的，所以解这道题的关键便是nonparents.但是对于很多同学来说，nonparents是个生词，不认识。其实大家只要上过中公考研的英语词汇课，学习过词根词缀法，这个单词就变的很简单。nonparents是由否定前缀non-+parents构成的，non-这个否定前缀表示“不无非”，所以整个单词可以译为不是父母。四个选项[A] Childless wives [B] Working mothers [C] Childless husbands [D] Working fathers，我们可以轻易选出答案C，没有孩子且是丈夫。 第23题，The blurring of working women's roles refers to the fact that＿＿。回归第三段中，找到With the blurring of roles，发现前面的句子正是对这种现象的解释：for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks.以及后面的the home front lags well behind the workplace a making adjustments for working women，指的便是女性不仅得工作赚钱，而且还得在家得忙家务，所以她们的身份是双重的。所以选[D] they are both bread winners and housewives. 第24题，The word“ moola”(Line4,Para4)most probably means＿＿这是一道词义推测题，它与前文中的marking money是近义词，答案选[C] earnings收入。 第25题The home front differs from the workplace in that＿＿。文章第5段there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor;家务劳动不会像工作一样得到足够的奖励，而且分工也是不明确的。答案对应选项[A] division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut. 虽然有突破口、也有规律可循，但这并不意味着我们可以一劳永逸、高枕无忧，要知道，
考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及答案(三) Passage 11 Dream is a story that a personwatchesor even takes part in during sleep. Dream events are imaginary, but they are related to real experiences and needs in the dreamer's life. They seem real while they are taking place. Some dreams are pleasant, others are annoying, and still others are frightening. Everyone dreams, but some persons never recall dreaming. Others remember only a little about a dream they had just before awakening and nothing about earlier dreams. No one recalls all his dreams. Dreams involve little logical thought. In most dreams, the dreamer cannot control what happens to him. The story may be confusing, and things happen that would not happen in real life. People see in most dreams, but they may also hear, smell, touch, and taste in their dreams. Most dreams occur in color. but persons who have been blind since birth do not see at all in dreams. Dreams are a product of the sleeper's mind. They
考研英语冲刺30天第14天：阅读理解篇之二 第十四天：九大题型微观把握---阅读理解篇之二 从微观上把握阅读题型是阅读理解的另一项基本功。今天总结阅读中的几大题型以及正确答案的一般特征。考研阅读的题型与基本技巧如下： 一、事实细节题 基本技巧：定位原文，同义替换（根据问题中的关键词定位原文，寻找对原文进行同义替换的选项） 例如， Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice. (2003-1) Straitford is most proud of its. [A] official status [B] nonconformist image [C] efficient staff [D] military background 根据问题中的关键词proud of（对...感到自豪）定位文章末句：Straitford, takes pride in its independent voice.（Straitford对自己能发出的独立声音感到自豪）。B选项中的nonconformist（独立的）对末句中的independent进行了同义替换，所以B为正确答案。 二、例证题
基本技巧：定位例子，寻找总结（例子前后，一般在例子前找对例子的总结） 三、词义题 基本技巧：文中判断，语法标点（根据上下文进行判断；可以借助标点符号、语法搭配等；常见词的字面意思要警惕） 四、句子理解题 基本技巧：抓住主干，逻辑态度（剔出主谓部分；如果是复合句，要注意所表达的逻辑关系；涉及态度的句子，要注意与原句态度一致的选项） 五、指代题 基本技巧：向上搜索，代入验证（根据代词所表示的数量，如单数或复数等特征确定选项，然后将答案代入原文验证） 六、推理题 基本技巧：对应原文，注意转折（一般的推理题都有对应的原文，例如它常对应原文的转折处，因此不能凭感觉盲目推断） 例如， The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side-don't usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town's revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.(2006-2)
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2014考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（一）第2篇 All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession — with the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America. During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-firm job.
Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare. There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the
2020年考研英语阅读理解模拟试题：医学（4） It is a startling claim， but one that Congresswoman Deborah Pryce uses to good effects： the equivalent of two classrooms full of children are diagnosed with cancer every day. Mrs. Pryce lost her own 9-year-old daughter to cancer in 1999. Pediatric cancer remains a little-understood issue in America， where the health-care debate is consumed with the ills， pills and medical bills of the elderly. Cancer kills more children than any other disease in MERICA. 1） although there have been tremendous gains in cancer survival rates in recent decades， the proportion of children and teens diagnosed with different forms of the disease increased by almost a third between 1975 and 2001. 2） Grisly though these statistics are， they are still tiny when set beside the number of adult lives lost to breast cancer （41，000 each year） and lung cancer （164，000）。Adbocates foor more money for child cancer prefer to look at life-years lost， the average age for cancer diagnosis in a young child is six， while the average adult is diagnosed in their late 60s. Robert Arceci， a pediatric cancer export at Johns Hopkins， points out that in terms of total life-years saved， the benefit from curing pediatric cancer victims is roughly the same as curing adults with breast cancer. There is an obvious element of special pleading in such calculations， all the same， breast cancer has attracted a flurry of publicity， private fund-raising and money from government. Childhood cancer has received less attention and cash. Pediatric cancer， a term which covers people up to 20
2018考研英语冲刺阶段阅读细节题解题 秘诀 首先，根据题干关键词，回文定位。细节题一定考察考生对于文中某一细节信息的具体理解，因此根据关键词精确回文定位是解题之关键。考生只要能精确回文定位，细节题已经成功了一半。 其次，准确理解定位句。由于细节题必定考察文章当中的某一具体信息，而不是我们的常识，所以考生要重点分析这个定位句。但是，有时候答案并不是蕴含于一个句子，而是在定位句的前一句或者后一句。 最后，和选项进行精确比对，直击答案。一般来说，细节题的正确答案是一定是原文信息的同义改写。因此，考生能否准确理解定位句和进行同义改写决定其在细节题的成败。 下面以最近2012-2014年真题为例，为大家详细剖析细节题解题秘诀。 真题：2014年Text 1 26. A lot of students take up law as their profession due to _______. [A] the growing demand from clients [B] the increasing pressure of inflation [C] the prospect of working in big firms [D] the attraction of financial rewards During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare. 【直击答案】根据题干A lot of students take up law as their profession due to，可以定位至该段第二句，其中 A lot of students take up law as their profession是more students to pile into law schools的同义改写。准确理解定位句“The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools.”（最好的律师挣钱极多，这吸引更多的学生想要挤进法学院。）由此可以判断很多学生从事法律史由于“律师挣钱极多”。题干中due to是文中tempting的改写。因此，选项D the attraction of financial rewards（金钱回报的吸引）是原文The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money的改写。 真题：2013年Text 1 21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her _______. [A] lack of imagination [B] poor bargaining skill [C] obsession with high fashion [D] insensitivity to fashion In the 2006 film version ofThe Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by
2015年考研英语二阅读理解真题及答案（阅读理解） Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension Part A Directions： Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A， B， C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points） Text 1 A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys. People art actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people's cortisol ， which is it at stress marker， while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge. “Further contradicting conventional wisdom， we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home，” writes one of the researchers. Sarah Damaske， In fact women say they feel better at work. She notes. “it is men not women. Who report being happier at home than at work，” Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children without， but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health. What the study doesn't measure is whether people are still doing work when they' re at home， whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men， the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home，they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home， they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles， and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women， it' s not surprising that women are more stressed at home. But it's not just a gender thing. At work， people pretty much know what they're supposed to be doing： working， making money， doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure： Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola. On the home front， however， people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done， there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor； they need to be talked into it， or if they' re teenagers， threatened with complete removal of 新祥旭官网https://www.doczj.com/doc/e810480618.html,/
2014年考研英语阅读理解经典试题及答案1 Passage 1 In 1939 two brothers, Mac and Dick McDonald, started a drive-in restaurant in San Bernadino, California. They carefully chose a busy corner for their location. They had run their own businesses for years, first a theater, then a barbecue(烤肉)restaurant, and then another drive-in. But in their new operation, they offered a new, shortened menu: French fries, hamburgers, and sodas. To this small selection they added one new concept: quick service, no waiters or waitresses, and no tips. Their hamburgers sold for fifteen cents. Cheese was another four cents. Their French fries and hamburgers had a remarkable uniformity, for the brothers had developed a strict routine for the preparation of their food, and they insisted on their cooks' sticking to their routine. Their new drive-in became incredibly popular, particularly for lunch. People drove up by the hundreds during the busy noontime. The self-service restaurant was so popular that the brothers had allowed ten copies of their restaurant to be opened. They were content with this modest success untilthey met Ray Kroc. Kroc was a salesman who met the McDonald brothers in 1954, when he was selling milk shake-mixing machines. He quickly saw the unique appeal of the brothers' fast-food restaurants and bought the right to franchise(特许经营)other copies of their restaurants. The agreement struck included the right to duplicate the menu. The equipment, even their red and white buildings with the golden arches(拱门). Today McDonald's is really a household name. Its names for its sandwiches have come to mean hamburger in the decades since the day Ray Kroc watched people rush up to order fifteen-cent hamburgers. In 1976, McDonald's had over $ 1 billion in total sales. Its first twenty-two years is one of the most incredible success stories in modern American business history. 1. This passage mainly talks about . A) the development of fast food services B) how McDonald's became a billion-dollar business C) the business careers of Mac and Dick McDonald D) Ray Kroc's business talent
Bernard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early history of the United States by applying new social research findings on the experiences of European migrants. In his reinterpretation,migration becomes the organizing principle for rewriting the history of preindustrial North America. His approach rests on four separate propositions. The first of these asserts that residents of early modern England moved regularly about their countryside; migrating to the New World was simply a natural spillover. Although at first the colonies held little positive attraction for the English —they would rather have stayed home —by the eighteenth century people increasingly migrated to America because they regarded it as the land of opportunity. Secondly,Bailyn holds that,contrary to the notion that used to flourish in America history textbooks,there was never a typical New World community. For example,the economic and demographic character of early New England towns varied considerably. Bailyn's third proposition suggest two general patterns prevailing among the many thousands of migrants:one group came as indentured servants,another came to acquire land. Surprisingly,Bailyn suggests that those who recruited indentured servants were the driving forces of transatlantic migration. These colonial entrepreneurs helped determine the social character of people who came to preindustrial North America. At first,thousands of unskilled laborers were recruited; by the 1730's,however,American employers demanded skilled artisans. Finally,Bailyn argues that the colonies were a half-civilized hinterland of the European culture system. He is undoubtedly correct to insist that the colonies were part of an Anglo-American empire. But to divide the empire into English core and colonial periphery,as Bailyn does,devalues the achievements of colonial culture. It is true,as Bailyn claims,that high culture in the colonies never matched that in England. But what of seventeenth-century New England,where the settlers created effective laws,built a distinguished university,and published books？Bailyn might respond that New England was exceptional. However,the ideas and institutions developed by New England Puritans had powerful effects on North American culture. Although Bailyn goes on to apply his approach to some thousands of indentured servants who migrated just prior to the revolution,he fails to link their experience with the political development of the United States. Evidence presented in his work suggests how we might make such a connection. These indentured servants were treated as slaves for the period during which they had sold their time to American employers. It is not surprising that as soon as they served their time they passed up good wages in the cities and headed west to ensure their personal independence by acquiring land. Thus, it is in the west that a peculiarly American political culture began,among colonists who were suspicious of authority and intensely anti-aristocratic. Which of the following statements about migrants to colonial North America is supported by information in the text？ [A] A larger percentage of migrants to colonial North America came as indentured servants than as free agents interested in acquiring land.
2020考研英语阅读冲刺模拟题及答案（1） Bernard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early history of the United States by applying new social research findings on the experiences of European migrants. In his reinterpretation,migration becomes the organizing principle for rewriting the history of preindustrial North America. His approach rests on four separate propositions. The first of these asserts that residents of early modern England moved regularly about their countryside migrating to the New World was simply a natural spillover. Although at first the colonies held little positive attraction for the English mdash they would rather have stayed home mdash by the eighteenth century people increasingly migrated to America because they regarded it as the land of opportunity. Secondly,Bailyn holds that,contrary to the notion that used to flourish in America history textbooks,there was never a typical New World community. For example,the economic and demographic character of early New England towns varied considerably. Bailyn's third proposition suggest two general patterns prevailing among the many thousands of migrants:one group came as indentured servants,another came to acquire land. Surprisingly,Bailyn suggests that those who recruited indentured servants were the driving forces of transatlantic migration. These colonial entrepreneurs helped determine the social character of people who came to preindustrial North America. At first,thousands of unskilled laborers were recruited by the 1730's,however,American employers demanded skilled artisans. Finally,Bailyn argues that the colonies were a half-civilized hinterland of