外媒选读｜脸书之劫(详注精读)

《意外的亿万富翁》中的人性隐忧作者：刘向辉来源：《博览群书》2018年第05期2018年3月17日，对于诞生15年的社交媒体公司“脸书（Facebook）”来说是一个不同寻常的日子，因为这一天“剑桥分析公司‘窃取’5000万脸书用户信息”的事件被曝光，也即时下热议不绝的脸书“数据门”事件。

对于脸书公司来说，该事件带来的不仅仅是几百亿美元资金瞬间蒸发的问题，也不仅仅是公司管理不善的问题，而是一种严肃的“信仰”丧失问题。

事后，无论脸书CEO扎克伯格在公开场合多么义正辞严地道歉和多么掷地有声地保证，他都难以获得公众的“由衷”信任，因为他和他的脸书公司让曾经对其无比信任的公众“失望”至极。

对于曾经制造无数“意外”的扎克伯格来说，或许这只是又一个“波澜不惊”的意外而已。

“意外”的表征可能是荒诞的，而表征背后人性的褪变则是真实的，这正是更值得我们深思和恐惧的。

脸书“数据门”事件的爆发，似乎以戏谑形式再现了本·莫兹里奇（Ben Mezrich）畅销小说《意外的亿万富翁：Facebook的创立，一个关于性、金钱、天才和背叛的故事》（The Accidental Billionaires：The Founding of Facebook， A Tale of Sex， Money， Genius， and Betrayal，2009）（以下统一简称《意外的亿万富翁》）的剧情。

作为具有深刻预言性质的寓言体传记小说，《意外的亿万富翁》之所以能够畅销不衰，是因为它真正道出了当下纷繁网络世界中人们的普遍化社会情绪，而这种社会情绪的最主要落脚点是对人性道德沦落的隐忧。

··Ⅰ··本·莫兹里奇1969年出生于美国波士顿，是美国当代著名畅销书作家，也是《素材》（Stuff）杂志和《波士顿消费》（Boston Common）杂志的专栏作家。

从1996年发表《开端》（Threshold）以来，本·莫兹里奇又相继创作了包括《石油交易战》（Rigged： The True Story of a Wall Street Novice who Changed the World of Oil Forever，2007）、《攻陷拉斯维加斯》（Bringing Down the House： The Inside Story of Six MIT Students Who Took Vegas for Millions，2002）等在内的17部作品。

办公室提案改善点子汇总提案一：改善员工工作环境在办公室中，员工的工作环境对于他们的工作效率和舒适度起着至关重要的作用。

因此，我们可以采取以下措施来改善员工的工作环境：1. 提供舒适的工作座椅和办公桌：选择符合人体工程学的工作座椅和办公桌，以确保员工可以正确地坐姿工作，减少腰椎和颈椎的负担。

2. 提供充足的自然光照：研究表明，自然光照可以提高员工的工作效率和情绪状态。

因此，我们可以在办公室中增加窗户和透明隔板，以便更多的自然光进入办公区域。

3. 设立休闲区域：在办公室中设立一个专门的休闲区域，供员工放松身心。

这个区域可以配备舒适的沙发、净水器和书籍杂志，员工可以在休息时间放松一下，以提高工作效率。

提案二：优化办公流程办公流程的优化可以提高工作效率和减少错误率。

为此，我们可以考虑以下改进措施：1. 引入数字化工具：通过引入数字化工具，如办公软件、电子邮件、在线会议等，可以加快信息传递和协作效率，减少文件丢失和沟通错误。

2. 优化会议流程：会议是办公室中常见的沟通方式，但往往会占用大量的时间和资源。

我们可以通过明确会议议程、减少与会人数、缩短会议时间等方式来优化会议流程，提高会议效率。

3. 建立信息共享平台：建立一个统一的信息共享平台，员工可以在上面共享和查找相关文件和信息，避免重复劳动和信息不对称的问题。

提案三：改善员工福利待遇员工的福利待遇直接影响到他们的工作积极性和忠诚度。

因此，我们可以考虑以下改进措施：1. 提供灵活的工作时间：允许员工根据个人需要灵活安排工作时间，例如弹性上下班、远程办公等，以提高员工的工作满意度和生活质量。

2. 提供培训和发展机会：为员工提供持续的培训和发展机会，帮助他们提升技能和职业能力，增加工作动力和成就感。

3. 建立员工奖励制度：建立员工奖励制度，如年度表彰、优秀员工奖等，激励员工积极工作，提高工作质量和效率。

通过以上改善点子的实施，我们可以提高办公室的工作环境和流程，优化员工的福利待遇，进而提高员工的工作效率和满意度。

2022考研英语阅读Facebook对你没好处Facebook is bad for youFacebook对你没好处Get a life!回到现实中过日子吧!Using the social network seems to make peoplemore miserable使用Facebook这种社交网站看起来让人们更加苦痛THOSE who have resisted the urge to join Facebook will surely feel vindicated when theyread the latest research. A study just published by the Public Library of Science, conducted byEthan Kross of the University of Michigan and Philippe Verduyn of Leuven University inBelgium, has shown that the more someone uses Facebook, the less satisfied he is with life.那些坚决不加入Facebook的人们读到最新的讨论的时候确定会觉得他们的选择是对的。

刚刚发表在《公共科学图书馆》上的一份讨论显示，一个人使用Facebook越频繁，他对生活就越不满足，这份讨论是由美国密歇根高校的Ethan Kross和比利时鲁汶高校的Philippe Verduyn领导进行的。

Past investigations have found that using Facebook is associated with jealousy, socialtension, isolation and depression. But these studies have all been cross-sectionalinother words,snapshots in time. As such, they risk confusing correlation with causation:perhaps those who spend more time on social media are more prone to negative emotionsin the first place. The study conducted by Dr Kross and Dr Verduyn is the first to followFacebook users for an extended period, to track how their emotions change.过去的调查讨论发觉使用Facebook会滋生嫉妒，社交紧急，孤立和压抑等心情。

College English2012.03笤环球展望笤Facebook and Privacy脸谱网身陷“隐私门”刘颖/选注he giant social network is castigated 1for serious priva -cy failings.Facebook has been playing with fire 2and has got itsfingers burned,again.On November 29th America ’s Federal Trade Commission 3(FTC)announced that it had reached a draft settlement with the giant social network over allegations 4that it had misled people about its use of their personal data.The details of the settlement make clear that Facebook,which boasts over 800m users,betrayed its users ’trust.It isalso notable because it appears to be part of a broader attempt by the FTC to craft 5a newprivacy framework 6to deal with the swift rise of social networks in America.The regulator ’s findings come at a sensitive time for Facebook,which is said to be preparing for an ini -tial public offering 7next year that could value it at around $100billion.To clear the way for its block -buster flotation,the firm first needs to resolve its pri -vacy tussles with regulators in America and Europe.8Hence its willingness to negotiate the settlement un -veiled 9this week,which should be finalised 10at the end of December after a period for public comment.Announcing the agreement,the FTC said it had found a number of cases where Facebook had made claims that were “unfair and deceptive 11,and violat -ed 12federal law ”.For instance,it passed on personally identifiable 13information to advertisers,even though it said it would not do so.And it failed to keep a promise to make photos and videos on deactivated andTNotes:1.castigate [＇k覸stigeit ]严厉批评，谴责。

高二年级语文试卷 2024年11月一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）现代文阅读I（本题共5小题，19分）阅读下面的文字，完成1～5题。

为小说选择一个视角可能是你要做的最重要的决策之一。

但是，许多作者，甚至那些已有作品出版的作家，面对视角问题也经常一头雾水，一知半解。

掌握好视角是所有小说作者必备的技能，因为它跟冲突与悬念关系密切，是小说成功最需要的东西。

可供你选择的视角有两种：第一人称视角和第三人称视角。

在第一人称的下面还有两个选项：现在时和过去时。

在第三人称的下面也有两个选项：有限的第三人称视角和无限的第三人称视角。

你或许会想：“怎么把第二人称给落下了呢？”是的，有的小说家确实用过第二人称视角。

我的建议是你不要跟风这样做。

假如你真的非要这样做，那么请记住这条建议：你坐在自己的书桌前，然后以第二人称视角开始创作。

这似乎是你拓展自己文学风格的好办法。

你知道这会减少你的作品出版的机会，而且大多数读者会发现这部小说是令人难以卒读的。

但是，你还是决心要把它统统弄明白，然后再用它创作，看看效果如何。

你希望自己有个好运气。

全知型视角又是怎么回事？顾名思义，它的意思是知道一切，所以全知型视角有时候也被称为“准上帝视角”。

叙事者可以随心所欲地想到哪里就写到哪里，任何时候都可以洞悉任何人物的心灵深处，或者叙事者可以腾空而起，然后像摄像机一样描述事态。

这种全知的口吻可以评论世间百态，比如他可以发出“这是最好的时代，这是最坏的时代”这样的感慨；或者，作者也可以保留自己的看法，超然物外。

既然这个视野源于“上帝之眼”，作者可以灵活自如地把主观看法强加于人物，其主观程度可高可低。

如今，全知型叙事已经很少见了，可是对于某些风格的长篇小说，尤其是长篇史诗性小说来说，这个视角还是一个比较好的选择。

它允许作者向读者灌输大篇幅的背景信息。

但是，如果你不知节制地运用这个视角，那么你的小说就会变得拖沓冗长。

对于历史题材的长篇小说来说，作者未必非得使用全知型视角。

基础篇P1 Leonardo, 500 years after his deathVocabularyI.1.展出的最后一站2.揭幕一个回顾展3.非常重视作画4.突出这位艺术家的兴趣II.1. rarely displayed masterwork2. a curated version of3. present reproductions of Leonardo’s inventions4. house nearly a third of Leonardo’s surviving artwork5. bring life to his paintingsReading comprehension1-4 DDBCTranslation1. Lu Xun Museum houses the articles he used and some of his manuscripts.2. Colette will be hosting a house-warming party at 6.00 pm on Saturday.3. The Olympic Games gave the country an opportunity to showcase its economic achievements.4. The couple has three children, each of whom is studying in a world-renowned university.P3 The facts about FacebookVocabularyI.1. 我们（公司）运转的准则2. 改变你的偏好3. 对系统的不信任4. 有悖于我们的商业利益5. 任由有害或造成不和的内容（传播）6. 侦查欺诈或假冒账号II.1. a service that is affordable to everyone2. transparency tools3. assume we do things that we don’t do4. systems are still evolving and improvingReading comprehension1-4 DDDBTranslationI.1. 因此，根据人们喜欢的页面、点击的内容和其他信号，我们创建了类别，例如，喜欢园艺页面和居住在西班牙的人，然后向广告商收费，向该类别显示广告。

学业质量水平检测(二)(满分:120分;时间:100分钟)第一部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A(2024山东淄博高二联考,易)The Barbican Art GalleryA world-class art and learning center, the Barbican pushes the boundaries of all major art forms including dance, film, music and theater.TicketsAdult:￡10 online/￡12 at the door13—17 years old: ￡6 online/￡8 at the doorChildren aged 12 and under: FreeOpening TimesSat.—Wed.:9 am—6 pmThur.—Fri.:10 am—9 pmReviewsBy Steven AshmoreWhen traveling, I always look for museums and sites that have evening hours. We went to the Barbican Art Gallery on a Thursday evening and caught their recent Lee Krasner exhibition. It was fabulous. The gallery is two levels with numerous smaller spaces, making the exhibition an interesting and enjoyable experience.By Laura MillerI have just watched To Kill a Mockingbird here. The play and actors were fantastic. Nice and clean ladies' toilets with hot water. During the break, they were selling the usual ice cream and drinks. Not all staff were friendly, but most were. I would come again to watch another show or even the same one.1.How much would a couple with two kids aged 11 and 14 pay for the online tickets of the Barbican Art Gallery?A.￡20.B.￡26.C.￡32.D.￡36.2.You can visit the Barbican Art Gallery at .A.9 am on ThursdayB.8 pm on SundayC.10 am on MondayD.9 pm on Tuesday3.What did Miller like most about the Barbican Art Gallery?A.Drinks they sold.B.Its staff service.C.Its opening hours.D.The show they put on.B(中)Being blind at birth is tough in any case. But things were even harder for Srikanth Bolla who was born in a small village in India, where the common belief was that kids with disabilities were “of no use” and therefore, better off dead. Fortunately, Srikanth's parents loved their son and refused to give him up. Instead, they encouraged the blind boy to dream big and reach for the stars.Srikanth did not disappoint his parents. The now twenty-seven-year-old is the founder and CEO of Bollant Industries.Of course, getting here was not easy. Being both blind and poor meant that Srikanth had to face hard challenges. As a young boy, Srikanth attended a regular school near his home. Unfortunately, the students and teachers didn't quite like him because of his disability. As a result, the young boy was largely ignored and often spent the entire day alone.Concerned this would hold back Srikanth's development, his family decided to send him to a special school in Hyderabad. Sure enough, the young boy soon rose to the top of his class, winning awards in speech and debate competitions. But Srikanth was prevented from studying sciences when he reached 10th grade, because it was thought too “dangerous” for a blind student. Not wanting to give up, Srikanth took legal action and became the first blind student in the country allowed to study sciences.Later, after graduating from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Srikanth set up Bollant Industries in 2012. For just four years, it became a powerhouse with over 450 employees,70% of whom are physically challenged.Being disabled doesn't mean being unable. “If the world looks at me and says, ‘Srikanth, you can do nothing.’ I will look back at the world and say, ‘I can do anything.’” the young man says.4.Why was Srikanth sent to a special school?A.His parents became richer than before.B.He could be treated equally there.C.This school was free for disabled students.D.He was sent away by the regular school.5.What can we know about Srikanth from the text?A.He was born in a poor village.B.He cared about disabled people.C.His parents were strict with him in his study.D.He was loved by the villagers when he was young.6.What words can best describe Srikanth?A.Intelligent and determined.B.Active and honest.C.Patient and careful.D.Kind but stubborn.7.What can be the best title for the text?A.Chances Are EverywhereB.No Challenges, No SuccessC.A Big Dream Makes a DifferenceD.Disability Doesn't Mean Being UnableC(2024辽宁省试验中学高二月考,中)Max is a 23-year-old software developer who lives in San Francisco. He works for “one of the largest tech companies” in the area. The image of Max you have in your mind right now may be that of a Silicon Valley tech bro: A social, proud young man that shows off his salary and has preference for flashy cars. But his personal passions couldn't be further from that stereotype. Max moderates one of Reddit's biggest forums, r/furry_irl. He is what's commonly known as a “furry”.Furries are identified as animal characters with human traits (特征),and like to dress in animal suits. They go to meet-ups, comment in online groups, and attend conventions, just like any other shared-interest group. Being one or the first abnormal Internet groups to hit the mainstream, furries are often associated withnegative connections. While the mainstream media uses them as a socially awkward, unsuccessful, Internet loser, furries are having the last laugh. Because furries are, in fact, some of society's highest-earners.“Of the furries I've met, just about every single was either gainfully employed or still in school and working toward th eir future careers,” Max tells me. “I have plenty of friends who work at places like Facebook, Discord, Google.” Max isn't unusual in his mix of personal and professional interests: He tells me that most of his furry friends also worked making big money in tech. “On top of being hard workers,” he tells me, “they are just really nice people.” Max does hope that the growing knowledge of furries might help people change their opinions.8.What can be inferred from Paragraph 1?A.Max is satisfied with his work.B.Max has a passion for cars.C.Max is different from what people think of.D.The forum—r/furry_irl is the biggest forum for furries.9.What are furries according to the passage?A.People who often attend conventions.B.Animal characters with human qualities.C.Stories about humans and animals.D.Groups of people who share the same interest.10.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 suggest?A.Furries are so unsuccessful to be laughed at.B.What the mainstream media describe proves to be true.C.Furries always keep a good mood.D.Furries are often successful people with good careers.11.Which statement could be used to judge furries?A.A single flower doesn't make a spring.B.A faithful friend is hard to find.C.Don't judge a book by its cover.D.Great minds think alike.D(2024北京房山高二阶段考试,难)As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information, are people remembering less? If you know your computer will save information, why store it in your own personal memory—your brain? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.In a recent study, Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her research team wanted to know whether the Internet is changing memory. In the first experiment, they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of people understood that the computer would save the information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it. Later, the second group remembered the information better. People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it.In another experiment, the researchers gave people facts to remember, and told them where to find the information on the Internet. The information was in a specific computer folder (文件夹). Surprisingly, people later remembered the folder location better than the facts. When people use the Internet, they do not remember the information. Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called “tr ansactive(交互) memory”.According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memory as a result of the Internet. Instead, computer users are developing stronger transactive memory;that is, people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date. This doesn't mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.12.The passage begins with two questions to .A.introduce the main topicB.show the author's attitudeC.describe how to use the InternetD.explain how to store information13.What can we learn about the first experiment?A.Sparrow's team typed the information into a computer.B.The two groups remembered the information equally well.C.The first group did not try to remember the information.D.The second group did not understand the information.14.In transactive memory, people .A.keep the information in mindB.change the quantity of informationanize information like a computerD.remember how to find the information15.What is the effect of the Internet according to Sparrow's research?A.We are using memory differently.B.We are becoming more intelligent.C.We have poorer memory than before.D.We need a better way to access information.其次节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

THE MAN WHO ESCAPED Episode 1

Edward Coke used to be an army officer, but he is in prison now. Every day is exactly the same for him.

It is winter now and Coke and all the other men get up at six, when it is still cold and dark. They have breakfast at six thirty. Work begins at seven thirty. Some of the men work in the prison factory, where they make mailbags, but Coke often works in the fields outside.

The men have lunch at twelve. Lunch lasts an hour and then the men go back to work again. Dinner is at six. Coke usually goes to the prison library alter dinner and reads until 9.30. The lights go out at ten.

The day is long, hard, and boring and every man has a lot of time to think. They usually think about why they are there. Coke does. He always thinks about two men.

One of the men is called Eric Masters. He used to be an army officer, just like Coke. Coke knows that Masters has a lot of money now. The second man's name is Hugo. That is all Coke knows about him. Masters knows where and who Hugo is, but Coke doesn't.

林紓的翻譯漢代文字學者許慎有一節關於翻譯的訓詁，義蘊頗為豐富。

《說文解字》卷六《囗》部第二十六字：“囮，譯也。

從‘囗’，‘化’聲。

率鳥者系生鳥以來之，名曰‘囮’，讀若‘譌’。

”南唐以來，“小學”家都申說“譯”就是“傳四夷及鳥獸之語”，好比“鳥媒”對“禽鳥”的引“誘”，“譌”、“訛”、“化”和“囮”是同一個字。

“譯”、“誘”、“媒”、“訛”、“化”這些一脈通連、彼此呼應的意義，組成了研究詩歌語言的人所謂“虛涵數意”(polysemy, manifold meaning)，把翻譯能起的作用（“誘”）、難於避免的毛病（“訛”）、所嚮往的最高境界（“化”），彷彿一一透示出來了。

文學翻譯的最高理想可以說是“化”。

把作品從一國文字轉變成另一國文字，既能不因語文習慣的差異而露出生硬牽強的痕跡，又能完全保存原作的風味，那就算得入於“化境”。

十七世紀一個英國人讚美這種造詣高的翻譯，比為原作的“投胎轉世”(the transmigration of souls)，軀體換了一個，而精魂依然故我。

換句話說，譯本對原作應該忠實得以至於讀起來不像譯本，因為作品在原文裏決不會讀起來像翻譯出的東西。

因此，意大利一位大詩人認爲好翻譯應備的條件看來是彼此不相容乃至相矛盾的（paiono discordanti e incompatibili e contraddittorie）：譯者得矯揉造作（ora il traduttore necessariamente affetta），對原文亦步亦趨，以求曲肖原著者的天然本來（inaffettato, naturale o spontaneo）的風格。

一國文字和另一國文字之間必然有距離，譯者的理解和文風跟原作品的內容和形式之間也不會沒有距離，而且譯者的體會和自己的表達能力之間還時常有距離。

就文體或風格而論，也許會有希萊爾馬訶區分的兩種翻譯法，譬如說：一種盡量“歐化”，盡可能讓外國作家安居不動，而引導我國讀者走向他們那裏去，另一種盡量“漢化”，盡可能讓我國讀者安居不動，而引導外國作家走向咱們這兒來（Entweder der Uebersetzer lasst den Schriftsteller moglichst in Ruhe und bewegt den Leser ihm entgegen, oder er lasst den Lesermoglichst in Ruhe und bewegt den Schriftsteller ihm entgegen）。