英语专业四级完形填空满分解题方法策略
、完形填空的大纲命题剖析
TEM4 考试大纲规定，完形填空为英语知识运用，这部分不仅考查考生对不同语境中规范的语言要素（包括词汇，表达方式和结构）的掌握程度，而且还考查考生对语段特征（如连贯性和一致性等）的辨识能力。在一篇240~280 词的文章中给出20 个空白，要求考生从每题给出的 4 个选项中选出最佳答案，使补全后的文章意思通顺，前后连贯，结构完整。
从大纲的规定可以看出，完形填空主要是用来考查考生综合运用各项英语基础知识的能力，特别是考查考生对文章整体内容理解的深度。它要求在熟练掌握语法、词语和其他语言知识的基础上，完整地、全面地接受文章内容，认识文章的结构和各部分的逻辑关系，善于在文章中发现并捕捉信息点，通过分析思考，做出准确的判断，选出最符合文章内容要求的答案。
完形填空试题考查如下几方面的知识和能力水平。
1.稳固、扎实、熟练的英语语法知识和丰富的英语词汇知识
首先，对英语基础知识的运用能力。英语基本知识包括对词和短语的运用，比如对动词、形容词、副词的掌握都属于对基础知识的积累。2009 年完形填空中关于介词的用法共考查了三处，分别是第36、42、47 题。
介词属于英语基本知识，并且是固定的表达，如果记不住这个介词后面搭配什么动词，考生就没法填空。另外是短语的用法，尤其是固定短语的用法，比如2009年真题第45、44、50 题，如果记不住它们的意思和用法，这几道题也没法做。还有对同义词和形近词的辨析都属于对英语基础知识的考查。所以要想做好完形填空，首先要积累大量的英语基础知识。
2.在阅读中捕捉并记忆相关信息的能力
有时完形填空的各选项同为表示一定逻辑关系或承接关系的词或词组。选项同为单词时首先看四个选项是否词性相同。若连词、副词混杂，先分析原句成分
精品文档 英语专业四级完型填空题 Cloze -- Passage 1 Academy Award nominees who go home empty-handed may not have a shiny Oscar to show off, but they may turn out to be the bigger winners in the game of life. According to a study published in British Medical Journal on December 21, Oscar-winning screenwriters are more successful, more productive, and more ____1____ than losing nominees; however, they die sooner by about four years. Because success is usually linked to better health, his is the first ____2____ever that success is not associated with improved ____3____, says Donald Redelmeier, lead author of the study. Researchers ____4____down information about every person who was ever nominated for an Oscar since the awards were first handed out 73 years ago. To explain the ____5____findings, he offers two theories. The first is the work-to-death hypothesis. According to Redelmeier, screenwriters are more ____6____to lead unhealthy lifestyles, meaning they smoke more, exercise less, and work a lot of late-night hours, which translates into not enough sleep. Screenwriters don't have a boss to report to, which brings into ____7____Redelmeier's second explanation, the party-hearty hypothesis. When you become a successful screenwriter, you gain status without daily accountability, and as a ____8____your success may lead you to more alcohol, more parties, and more obesity, he says. Redelmeier hopes his study will ____9____how important it is to lead a healthy lifestyle. The bottom line, he says, is that greater success may ____10____lead to worse health if people fail to look after themselves. A) longevity B) flourish C) apt D) sometimes E) tracked F) respected G) account H) miracle I) occupation J) puzzling K) stress L) consequence M) internal N) fairly O) restrained Cloze -- Passage 2 Many people wonder why some men want to live on the moon. It is ____1____ not the
大学英语四级完形填空解题技巧 通过研究历年考题发现，只要利用好以下技巧大学英语四级完形填空就能拿高分。今天学习啦小编在这里为大家分享大学英语四级完形填空解题技巧，欢迎大家阅读！ 大学英语四级完形填空解题技巧：词汇 1.利用动词词组中的介词或副词确定正确选项如果我们认识某一词组，可根据自 己的判断毫不犹豫地选择你认为是正确的选项。如果不认识或拿不准它们的意义，我 们可以根据动词后边的介词或副词进行推导。 2. 利用固定搭配或习惯用语四级词汇题目涉及对各种短语、固定词组和惯用语的 测试，其所占的比例相当大。测试范围包括动词短语、动词与其他词语构成的习语、 介词短语、形容词短语等。这类词组主要是习惯性和固定搭配用法，不能主观臆测， 也不能随意创造，只能靠死记硬背。 3. 根据邻近原则，利用词语意义的互相联系，确定选择的依据。 (1)选项为名词时，其前后的名词为选择的依据。 (2)选项为动词、动词词组(包括动名词、动词的分词形式)时，其前后的动词、名词、介词为选择依据。 (3)选项为形容词时，可以其前后出现的名词、动词、副词、介词为依据。 (4)选项为副词时，其前后出现的动词、形容词、副词为判断依据。 大学英语四级完形填空解题技巧：语法 熟悉历年考题中常出现的语法考点。分析前后分句间的逻辑等同关系，进行逻辑 推理，从而确定正确选项在完型填空中，句子间的逻辑关系主要包括：表示并列关系 的连接词有and，while等。表示转折关系的连接词有but，however，though，whereas，nevertheless，although，yet，on the contrary，otherwise，on the other hand，after all，for all，still，notwithstanding等。表示顺序关系的连接词有before，after，and，to begin with，first，firstly，second，secondly，next，finally，and so on等。表示解释关系的连接词有that is to say，in other words，to put it another way等。表示因果关系的连接词有so，therefore，thus，because，accordingly，as a result，consequently，hence，for this reason，for，since， as等。表示让步关系的连接词有though，although，despite，in spite of，after all，even though，even if,
大学英语四级答题技巧汇总 快速阅读技巧(第一篇) 15分钟做完，先看小标题（先只看2-3个，多了也记不住），再通过1-7小题的题干的名词、动词找出原句来做， 特别注意： 做题顺序，先看文章标题，直到文章主要内容，然后看第一小题，在小题部分的定位词先圈出来，再回原文找。找到第一小题后，再看第二小题。看一个题，做一个；不要把文章看完再做题，或题看完再读文章。 特别注意：比较容易定位的词是： A.不能用中心思想词定位，因为整篇文章都说的是它。 B.时间、数字、地点、大写字母的单词容易定位。 C.比较长，难的名词容易定位，好找。 D.定位词找2-3个就行，多了也记不住。最好是位置不同的两个词。 一般判断N和NG的标准如下: NO题: (l)信息与原文相反(2)将原文信息张冠李戴 (3)将原文中不确定的或未经证实的内容作为正确的或客观的来表述 (4)改变原文的条件、范围、频率、可能性等 NG题: (l)无中生有(2)以个别代替整体，即将原文所举例子的特殊现象推广为普遍现象 (3)随意比较原文中提到的两个事物(4)将原文具体化，即题目中涉及的范围小于原文涉及的范围 (5)原文中作者或某个人物的目标、目的、愿望、誓言等内容，在题目中作为客观事实陈述 快速阅读技巧(第二篇) 解决办法：掌握正确的阅读方法 考生平时阅读一般会采取两种阅读方法。一种是先看文章后看问题；另一种是先看问题，带着问题读文章。那么究竟哪一种方法比较好呢？笔者认为还是先看问题后读文章比较好。原因在于，先看问题，你可以熟悉出题人的出题角度。并且有题干，你可以划出题干的关键词，先看问题后刊文章的好处就在于，可以通过问题先把上述“核心词”在原文中划出，然后再读文章的过程中，一旦独到，注意历史高度集中的，这样有助于提高做题的准确性。由此得出正确的阅读方法就是“五步阅读法”： 第一步，扫描题干抓关键。 即首先看选项，划出题干中的的关键词。题干关键词包括：数字、人名地名、专有名词、引号里的词语等等。 第二步，快速浏览全文，把握文章主旨大意标重点。 即快速浏览文章。在快速浏览文章的时候，不需要每一个单词和句子都读得懂，没有时间也没有这个必要。在第二步的过程中，考生们所要做的就是首先弄清楚这篇文章的中心思想是什么；其次，用笔在试卷上面标记出考试要考的重点。那么很多考生就会问，如何把握文章的主旨大意，如何标记文章的重点呢？ 首先，把握文章的主旨大意。 要解决这个问题，需要分两步走。第一步，仔细阅读文章的首末段的首末句。因为英语文章段落结构上面我已经讲过。此外，西方人说话向来喜欢开门见山。所以英语文章段落70%都是一上来交待作者的写作目的或意图。第二步，要仔细阅读其他个段落的首句。然后把这两步综合起来，英语文章的主旨大意就可以把握住。其次，如何标注文章的重点。 英语文章的重点主要有以下几点：
2013英语专业四级真题语法、完型填空题及解析 【完形填空原文】 Everyone knows that taxation is necessary in a modern state: Without it, it would not be possible to pay the soldiers and policemen who protect us；nor the workers in government offices who look after our health, our food, our water, and all the other things that we cannot do for ourselves；nor the ministers and members of parliament(国会) who govern the country for us. By means of taxation, we pay for things that we need just as much as we need somewhere to live and something to eat. But everyone knows that taxation is necessary, different people have different ideas about how taxation should be arranged. Should each person have to pay a certain amount of money to the government each year? Or should there be tax on things that people buy and sell? If the first kind of taxation is used, should everyone pay the same tax, whether he is rich or poor? If the second kind of tax is preferred, should everything be taxed equally? In most countries, a direct tax on persons, which is called income tax, exists. It is arranged in such a way that the poorest people pay nothing, and the percentage of tax grows greater as the taxpayer’s income grows. In England, for example, the tax on the richest people goes up as high as ninety-five percent! But countries with direct taxation nearly always have indirect taxation too. Many things imported into the country have to pay taxes or “duties”. Of course, it is the men and women who buy these imported things in the shops who really have to pay the duties, in the form of higher prices. In some countries, too, there is a tax on things sold in the shops. If the most necessary things are taxed, a lot of money is collected, but the poor people suffer most. If unnecessary things like jewels and fur coats are taxed, less money is got but the tax is fairer, as the rich pay it. Probably this last kind of indirect tax, together with a direct tax on incomes which is low for the poor and high for the rich, is the best arrangement. 【语法题真题及解析】 51. Facing the board of directors,he didn't deny __________ breaking the agreement. A. him B. it C. his D. its 解析：本题考查动名词的逻辑主语。动名词可以有自己的逻辑（意义）主语，一般可以用名词所有格Tom‘s，代词宾格如him（口语），书面语情况下一般用物主代词his，their。本题选C，但我还是要吐槽，因为根本就不需要多此一举添加his, he didn't
大学英语四级完型填空答题步骤及技巧 答题步骤 首先,我们来看完型填空的解题步骤 （一）通读全文，了解文章大意 阅读理解是做Cloze的基础, 因此应该在对全文有了较全面的了解的基础上, 再开始做选择题, 切忌为了节约时间, 在未掌握大意的基础上“拿起来就做, 见空就填, 边填边理解”.那样做的结果, 不仅不能够节约时间, 而且会因为只考虑到所填的词在短语或句子内是否可行而忽略了整篇文章的连贯和结构, 造成选择错误. 因此,速读全文要一气呵成，尽管有空格、 生词或不明白的地方，仍要快速读下去。读时要注意找出关键词、中心词，划出某些代表 人物和情节的词，以便于形成思路。 当然, 由于考试时间有限，只能用略读法(skimming)将全文快速浏览一遍，明确文章的主题、 体裁。尤其要认真阅读全文的第一句，因为第一句都是一个没有空格的完整的句子，对后 文的重要提示。 （二）抓住首尾句 在阅读时要特别注意文章的第一句和最后一句，因为它们通常是文章的主题句，是全文的 中心所在。从第一句中可以窥见作者的写作目的，把握作者的写作思路以及文章将要叙述 的内容。而最后一句是作者对文章内容的归纳总结，表明作者的观点和态度，有利于加强 考生对文章的理解。 （三）联系上下文，进行逻辑推理 完形填空中有些空格的四个选项从词汇搭配、语法和单句的角度考虑均行得通。但由于文 章是一个完整的统一体，词、句、段三者存在着内在逻辑关系，此时，需要在上下文中寻 找有关的提示或暗示，对文章的情节进行逻辑分析，抓住主要语言信息的词语，理顺句与 句之间的关系，确定合理的答案。 （四）逐题选择答案 浏览全文之后，开始进入逐题做答阶段，运用查读法(Scanning)，对所有选择项从语法、 搭配和语篇等方面进行反复推敲，从而选出最佳答案。做题原则是瞻前顾后，灵活答题。“瞻前顾后”，即先读所填词的句子，回顾上一句，兼顾下一句。如果一句中有两个空白待 填，在初定答案时要“双管齐下”，在两处同时试填，然后通读全句，确定答案。答题方法：1）择优法：根据文章及结构边读边填，如果能够立刻判定最佳答案的，不必再去逐个考证
Electricity is such a part of our everyday lives and so much taken for granted nowadays 1 ___ we rarely think twice when we switch on the light or turn on the TV set. At night, roads are brightly lit, enabling people and 2 ___ to move freely. Neon lighting used in advertising has become part of the 3 ___ of every modern city. In the home, many 4 ___ devices are powered by electricity. 5 ___ when we turn off the bedside lamp and are 6 ___ asleep, electricity is working for us, 7 ___ our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. Every day, trains, buses and subways take us to and from work. We rarely 8 ___ to consider why or how they run——9 ___ something goes wrong. In the summer of 1959, something 10 ___ go wrong with the power-plant that provided New York with electricity. For a great many hours, life came almost to a 11 ___. Trains refused to move and the people in them sat in the dark, 12 ___ to do anything; lifts stopped working, so that 13 ___ you were lucky enough not to be 14. ___ between two floors, you had the unpleasant task of finding your way down 15 ___ of stairs. Famous streets like Broadway and Fifth Avenue in a(n) 16 ___ became as gloomy and uninviting 17 ___ the most remote back streets. People were afraid to leave their houses, ___ 18. although the police had been ordered to 19 ___ in case of emergency, they were just as confused and 20 ___ as anybody else. 1.A.that B. thus C. as D. so 2. A.car B. truck C. traffic D. pedestrians 3.A. appearance B. character C. distinction D. surface 4.A. money-saving B. time-saving C. energy-saving D. labour-saving 5.A. Only B. Rarely C. Even D. Frequently 6.A. fast B. quite C. closely D. quickly 7. A. moving B. starting C. repairing D. driving 8.A. trouble B. bother C. hesitate D. remember 9.A. when B. if C. until D. after 10.A. did B. would C. could D. Should 11.A. pause B. terminal C. breakdown D. standstill 12.A. incompetent B. powerless C. hesitant D. helpless 13. A.although B. when C. as D. even if 14. A.trapped B. placed C. positioned D. locked 15.A. steps B. levels C. flights D. floors 16.A. time B. instant C. point D. minute 17.A. like B. than C. for D. as 18.A. for B. and C. but D. or 19.A. stand aside B. stand down C. stand by D. stand in 20.A. aimless B. helpless C. unfocused D. undecided
英语四级完形填空之解题技巧 完形填空又称综合填空，是国内大学英语四级考试中较为常见的测试题型。完形填空的题目在设计时并非拿来一篇短文随便去掉几个词，设计者要遵循一定的要求和准则，以保证测试的效度和信度。一般来说，在大学英语四级考试中，出题人会给出一篇200-250字的短文，从中去掉20个词，要求考生在15分钟内填完这20个空。 完形填空中所填的词是与文章的上下文紧密联系的。因此，要做好完形填空，必须要在通读全文、把握结构与大意的前提下，根据所提供的选项及句子的结构、语法、语篇等信息，通过逻辑推理、对比等手段最后确定答案。根据完形填空这一测试特点，笔者认为，在做完形填空时，应采取以下五个步骤逐一进行。 步骤一，了解大意 所谓了解大意即通读整篇文章，弄清文章的大意和结构，确立正确的背景知识，为正式的填空做好充分的准备。很多考生担心自己的阅读水平差，有的甚至碰到空格的地方就莫名的紧张了，认为阅读一篇满是空格的文章必然无功而返，与其这样浪费时间，倒不如看一句，填一空。其实，这就陷入了一个误区。 所以，考生在正式填空前，大可不必为理解上的障碍而省略了这至关重要的一步。此外，考生在第一遍阅读中，要善于从文章开头的几句话中把握短文的背景、主题或结构，并结合常识判断构建一定的预期，并在随后的阅读中，不断修正，以求与原文一致。通常情况下，文章开头的一、两句话都是完整的信息，这些句子揭示文章的背景知识或主题思想，考生在阅读中一定要仔细研读，为后面的阅读扫清障碍。 步骤二，初选答案 文章读完了，了解大意后，考生便可以开始填空了。在填每个空格时，可以从出题者的出题思路着手，初步作出每个题的答案。总的来说，出题人有以下六种出思路。
首先我做题的顺序是： 1.听力 2.作文 3.选词填空 4.翻译 5.阅读理解（为什么这个要比6先做呢，因为这个题的分数比较高，而且多花点时间的正确率要高点，所以这个题先多花点时间来提高分数，对于6再用技巧快速解决，实在没有时间了还可以乱选） 6.段落大意选择 我先说一下总的方案。我重点强调一下，对于每套真题，不管什么题型，做完了都要把不认识的单词查出来写在卷子上，没事的时候就要去记忆，有很多次是反复出现的。技巧不是有了就能过四级的，还要靠你的一些努力。后面我会说给大家列举些词汇，还有我后面让你们记下来的词，不是记下来就好了，是要记忆的。 所谓技巧嘛，就是尽力让你花最少的功夫过四级！ 1、听力 (1)使用具有增加信息接受方注意力功能的词汇，例如most, only, just, particularly, really, new, free, famous, strange , unusual, surprise, shocked, always , each, ever, every, little, few, any, nothing, full of, complete, throughout, all, almost, nearly, total, i mportant, must, stress, note, notice, range, insist, add , laugh, desperation, horror, fear, disaster, ke y, minimum等等; (2)使用特殊结构及句式，例如比较级、最高级、as…as结构、not so…as结构、different from、similar to、强调结构、否定结构、感叹句、if丛句、完成进行时态、as…as possible、make it clear that、you can imagine that、don’t forget that等结构; (3)含有数字、时间及相关词汇的句子，例如first(start, pioneer), second, millions of, figure, many，one day, years ago, today等等; (4)重复和自问自答; (5)引用：语气语调一般会有明显的变化。 因果原则: 含有表示因果关系的词汇的句子，命题的可能性很大，这些词汇包括because, why, reason, so, as a result, as a sign of, thanks to, therefore, due to等等。 转折原则: 含有表示转折关系的词汇的句子，命题的可能性很大，这些词汇包括but, however, whereas, otherwise, unfortunately, yet等等。 前8个题一般听到什么就不要去选他，这个8个题要靠推测，这8个题你用几天练习一下，很简单，应该就会对个5、6个。 把握关键词和关键句。在听录音的过程中，考生要注意把握一些关键词和关键句。首先要注意听表示转折关系的词汇，例如but、however、unfortunately、unexpectedly、to tell the truth 等。其次也要注意听关键句。在对话题中，往往会有一些表示建议或劝告的句子，例如“Why…?”“Why…not…?”“Why don’t you/we…?”“It would be better to do...”“Wouldn’t it be better to do…?”很多答案都是在这些词出现的
一四级英语每日练习 Passage 1 It is well known that teenage boys tend to do better 1)______ math than girls, that male high school students are more likely than their female counterparts 2)______ advanced math courses like calculus, that virtually all the great mathematicians 3)______ men. Are women born with 4)______ mathematical ability? Or does society's sexism slow their progress? In 1980, two Johns Hopkins University researchers tried 5)______ the eternal nature/nurture debate. Julian Stanley and Camilla Benbow 6)______ 10,000 talented seventh and eighth graders between 1972 and 1979. Using the Scholastic Aptitude Test, in which math questions are meant to measure ability rather than knowledge, they discovered 7)______ sex differences. 8)______ the verbal abilities of the males and females 9)______ differed, twice as many boys as girls scored over 500 (on a scale of 200 to 800) on mathematical ability; at the 700 level, the ratio was 14 to 1. The conclusion: males have 10)______ superior mathematical reasoning ability. Benbow and Stanley's findings, 11)______ were published in "Science", disturbed some men and 12)______ women. Now there is comfort for those people in a new study from the University of Chicago that suggests math 13)______ not, after all, a natural male domain. Prof. Zalman Usiskin studied 1,366 tenth graders. They were selected from geometry classes and tested on their ability to solve geometry proofs, a subject requiring 14)______ abstract reasoning and spatial ability. The conclusion 15)______ by Usiskin: there are no sex differences in math ability. 1. A. at B. to C. of D. about 2. A. in tackling B. tackling C. to tackle D. about tackling 3. A. might be B. have been C. must be D. had been 4. A. smaller B. less C. fewer D. not more 5. A. to settle B. to set C. settling D. setting 6. A. were tested B. have tested C. were testing D. had tested 7. A. distinct B. instinct C. remote D. vague 8. A. Since B. However C. As D. While 9. A. scarcely not B. virtually C. largely D. hardly 10. A. superficially B. universally C. inherently D. initially 11. A. as B. that C. which D. all 12. A. few B. not a few C. not few D. quite few 13. A. be B. were C. was D. is 14. A. none of B. neither of C. either D. both 15. A. got B. gained C. reached D. accomplished Passage 2 We all know that a magician does not really depend on "magic" to perform his tricks, but on his ability to act at great speed. 16)______, this does not prevent us from enjoying watching a magician 17)______rabbits from a hat. 18)______ the greatest magician of all time was Harry Houdini who died in 1926. Houdini mastered the art of 19)______. He could free himself from the tight test knots or the most complicated locks in seconds. 20)______ no one really knows how he
大学英语四级选词填空和快速阅读复习攻略 选词填空: 首先:预览选项，了解词义并把选项分为四大类词性:名词n，动词v，形容词a，副词ad，在每个选项后作词性的简要标记; 其次:精读全文开头，把握文章主题，并以三个空或一个段落为一个单位，利用前后文判断每空的词性; 第三:把对应词性的选项逐一带回原文，含义通顺，时态、主谓搭配一致的为正确选项。 记背选词填空选项的重点范围: 1.历年曾经考过的复合式听写的单词 2.历年曾经考过的完形填空的选项，仔细阅读态度题的选项 3.历年曾经考过的真题中的高频词汇 快速阅读: 建议做题方法:读题干并确定关键词(中心词)--去原文中定位关键词--分析定位句--分析题干--确定答案。 首先用“打包”方法对付乱序: 把整组题全部一次性吃透，然后去原文从头到尾定位。否则，考生如果按顺序逐题解答，时间会严重不足，最好是文章一遍看下来，能找到所有的信息。此外，考生应该注意定位原文的过程中，一定要脑、眼和手并用:眼是肯定要用的，不用脑会导致忽视同义转换，不用手(笔)会使我们处于走马观花的状态，然后会怀疑自己是不是漏掉了信息而不停地看。 其次:“吃透”题干，准确判断关键词(中心词)至关重要。如果没吃透题干，就无法准确判断关键词或中心词，就可能对原文中的重要信息没感觉。一般来说，题干关键词或中心词为实词以及一些数字、专有名词等。 最后，在解题的先后顺序上，采用先易后难的策略。采用由易到难的解题策略，可以提升考生的解题信心。对于那些答题线索较少的题干细节信息，考生可留在最后再解答。在解答这类较难的题目时，考生可快速阅读原文中仍未选过的段落的主题句(通常为第一句、第二句或最后一句)，之后根据段落大意与题干中的细节信息进行匹配。
国家英语四级考试语法解题技巧 完形填空应试策略 89．A)as B)if C)because D)while 本题所考查的是虚拟条件从句与其他从句的区别。从上下文的语义和主从句的时态可以判断，这里是虚拟语气，答案为B。 (3)正确判断定语从句 只有当确定定语从句以后，才能正确地选择关系词。在定语从句的确定中，首先确定关联词所连接的是一简单句，并列句还是从句，尤其是在两句之间有逗号相隔的情况下。如： The word geography(comes)from two Greek words，ge，the Greek word for“earth"，and graphein，75 means “to write”． 75．A)what B)that C)which D)计 可以判断the Greek word for“earth”，为“ge”的同位语，从句法结构的对称来看graphein后也应该是用来解释说明graphein的，这就说明，graphein后不是一个简单句，而是一个定语从句，从逗号的使用可以很容易判断，并且是一个非限制性定语从句，说明答案为C。 (4)注意定语从句关系词的运用 有时，四个选项都是定语从句的关系词，很显然是考查定语从句关系词的使用。在关系词的选择中可从两点去考虑，一是先行词为何，二是关系词在定语从句中的作用。如： Through these less direct routes，longer and slower，they generally go to place 88 the air is clean and the scenery is beautiful，and the driver may have a (chance) to get a fresh，clean(view)of the world． 88．A)there B)which C)when D)where 这一个定语从句关系词的考查题。其中三个选项都可作定语从句的关系词。根据定语从句的先行词，以及先行词在从句中的作用，可以判断，本题答案为D。 (5)根据定语从句的关系词判断先行词 如先行词不同，关系词也随着不同，只有当先行词为表示地点、领域、范围时关系词才可用where。所以从关系词的使用情况可以判断先行词的类别。四、六级完形填空中不乏此类的考题。如： This is thought to be a 89 where further study is called (for)．
Flight simulator (飞行模拟器 refers to any electronic or mechanical system for training airplane and spacecraft pilots and crew member by simulating flight conditions. The purpose of simulation is not to completely substitute (1 actual flight training but to thoroughly familiarize students with the vehicle (2 before they (3 extensive and possibly dangerous actual flight training. Simulations also is useful for review and for familiarizing pilots with new (4 to existing craft. Two early flight simulators appeared in England within a decade after the first flight of Orville and Wilbur Wright. They were designed to enable pilots to simulate simple aircraft (5 in three dimensions, nose up or down; left wing high and right low, or vice versa; and (6 to left or right. It took until 1929, however , for a truly effective simulator, the Link Trainer, to appear, devised by Edwin A. Link, a self-educated aviator and inventor from Binghamton , New York. (7 airplane instrumentation had been developed sufficiently to permit "blind" flying on instruments alone, but training pilots to do so involved (8 risk. Link built a model of an airplane cockpit equipped (9 instrument panel and controls that could realistically simulate all the movements of an airplane. Pilots could use the device for instrument training, manipulating the controls (10 instrument readings so as to maintain straight and level flight or (11 climb or descent with no visual reference (12 any horizon except for the artificial one on the instrument panel. The trainer was modified (13 aircraft technology advanced. Commercial airlines began to use the Link Trainer for pilot training, and the US government began purchasing them in 1934, (14 thousands more as World War II approached. Technological advances during the war, particularly in electronics, helped to make the flight simulator increasingly (15 The use of efficient analog computers in the early 1950s led to further improvements. Airplane cockpits , controls , and instrument displays had by then become so inpidualized that it was no longer feasible to use a generalized trainer to prepare pilots to fly anything (16 the simplest light planes. By the 1950s , the US Air Force was using simulators that precisely (17 the cockpits of its planes. During the early 1960s (18 digital and hybrid computers were adopted , and their speed and